introduction to abap/4
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Introduction to ABAP/4. HISTORY OF SAP. SAP was founded in 1972 by five people: Wellenreuther, Hopp, Hector, Plattner and Tchira. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Introduction to ABAP/4.
SAP was founded in 1972 by five people: Wellenreuther, Hopp, Hector, Plattner and Tchira.
Wellenreuther , while working at IBM , developed a financial accounting package running in batch for an IBM customer – Naturin. SAP bought rights from Naturin and started to design and implement the real-time finance system as a standard package based on Wellenreuther ’s experience in the application. They sold the first copy of the standard system to ICI.
Simultaneously, they developed a Materials management system as a bespoke software for ICI by reserving all property rights.
HISTORY OF SAP
Strategic Thinking SAP may be part of a larger change project
Process Design Expertise in the design, change and documenting of business processes
Project Management Essential throughout the project lifecycle
Change Management Expertise is required in changing the organization
System Architect Overall responsibility for feasibility of the design and integration issues
Application Experts People with skills in configuring specific SAP modules
Business Analysts Involved in piloting and must be trained
Trainers Training must be given to the users and team members new to SAP
SAP Developers People who can design and build bolt-on functionality
Operations Staff Responsible for administration, performance and transition
Staffing of SAP Projects
SAP Products and People
SAP Application Functionality
SAP Development Environment
AnalyzerSAP
ManualsConfiguration
MenuImplementation
Guide
BasisSystem Database Hardware
ConfigurationTeam
BusinessEnd Users
DevelopmentTeam
OperationsStaff
STAGES OF SAP IMPLEMENTATION.
Scoping: 1 - 2 Months Decision making.Understanding the Organization.
Analysis 3 - 6 Months Documentation, Discussions
Design 2 - 3 Months Modules, Sub Modules, Interfaces, Databases, Dataflow.Servers, Terminals & Back up.
Development Parallel with Design.ABAP/4, Configuration,Applications, Transactions,Reports.
Configuration 3 - 4 days Settings to be done.( IT department of Customer is involved)
Implementation/Testing/Training
Post Implementation Support.
Data Base Changes Batch Processing
Central DBCentral DB
User Interaction
Application Logic
(Stores all Data and Application Programs)
Reading DataBase and Updating Buffer
CentralDB buffer
CentralDB buffer
Output Data to User
Output Data to User
Input Data From User
Client Server Structure – Three Levels
After SAP installed , Analysts experienced in Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) , who are also configuration experts, customize the modules to meet the Corporation's need, or help the corporation change it's business practices to achieve the most efficiency out of SAP.
This configuration does not usually involve programmers, but is instead done by Business Analysts. When the configuration process is nearing completion, the programmers ( Called ABAPers - specialists in ABAP/4) are brought in to extend any part of SAP that can not be configured to meet the needs of the corporation.
Where you fit in!
OK. Lets’ get straight into ABAP/4
ABAP/4
• Advanced Business Application Programming - 4 th generation Language.
• ABAP/4 is the backbone of SAP R/3.
• All the R/3 applications and parts of Basis system were developed in ABAP/4.
ABAP/4 Dictionary
Transactions
ABAP/4 Editor
Menu Painter
Screen Painter
Translation menu
Object Browser
Function LibraryABAP/4
When you login to a SAP serverthe following screen appears
Enter the user name & password
This is the screen you work !
Select TOOLS ABAP/4 Workbench
for going into programming area.
Enter SE38 in the space and click on ‘tick’ icon on extreme left for EditorArea - Initial Screen.
Or Use the other Procedure like
This
This is the famous workbench they talk about
ABAP/4 Development Workbench !
Click on ABAP/4 Editor buttonor enter the windowfor writing progrmas.
You are in the Editor area
Enter the Name of theProgram you want toStart.
Without giving a nameyou can not proceed.
The name shall start with Y or Z
This screen prompts you to enter data
ATTRIBUTESABAP/4
development
Attribute
ABAP/4 program attributes
Type .......................
Status .....................
Application ...........
Class ......................
Reporting
Test
System
Training
1
T
S
SCHU
F4 TypeReportModule pool, interactive programUpdate programInclude
F4 StatusTestProductive useCustomer programSystem program
1:M:V:I:
T:P:K:S:
Enter the following:
Title for the report Type 1Application *
Press F11 for saving
Select Local Object and press the icon on the left side.
You Come back to this screen
Press F3 to go back or use Back arrow.
Click on Change
To insert more lines for writing program.
Place the cursor at theend of first line and pressF7 or click on 5th icon fromLeft on toolbar.
Now you have completed your first program.
Press CTRL + F2 for checking whether the syntax is right. ( 2 nd Icon from left)
Press F11 or click on open book icon to save.
Press F8 to execute the program you just wrote.
Congrats!
You have just become an ABAPer.
Lets’ take a bigger program
Take data from a table called
TABNA
and print the following fields
NAME1, STREET, CITY.
contents on the screen
Sy-tvar0 to sy-tvar9 aresystem variables. You can assign any value. They are used in header in this program. Ignore them for now.
Screen Attributes
REPORT B170D034.
FORMAT INTENSIFIED OFF.WRITE : ‘*********************************’.SKIP 2.FORMAT INTENSIFIED.WRITE : /5 ‘Date’.WRITE: 20 SY-DATUM DD/MM/YYYY.FORMAT INTENSIFIED OFF.WRITE: /5 ‘Time’, (8) SY-UZEIT UNDER SY-DATUM.
1
**************************************************** Date 31/01/1992 Time 09:06:51
31.01.1992
Writes in BOLD Letters
Turns Off BOLDLetters
COMMENTSFull line Comment.• A Star ( * ) is placed in the first position of the Line.
Partial line comment.• Double quote ( " ) is placed before you start a comment
Full Line Comment.
Partial Line Comment.
Key Words
• Declaratives (DATA,.)• Events (GET,...)• Control (IF,...)• Operational (WRITE,)
STATEMENTS*ABAP/4 Programs is built of Statements.* A Statement is a sequence of Words which always start with a ABAP/4 reserved keyword
like Report, Data, Write etc.* All statements ( except comments ) shall terminate with a period (.)* A word in a statement is delimited by blank spaces on both sides.* Statements can begin anywhere on a line* Multiple statements can be placed on a single line* Single statement may be stretched across multiple lines
Colon Notation
OUT PUT ON SCREEN
For readability Colon ( : ) can be used.Note the ( : ) after WRITE, ( , ) after first two lines and ( . ) at the end of the statement.
CHAIN STATEMENTS
WRITE ‘XYZ’.WRITE NAME.WRITE COUNTER.
WRITE : ‘XYZ’ , NAME, COUNTER.
ADD 1 TO COUNTER1.ADD 1 TO COUNTER2.ADD 1 TO COUNTER3.
ADD 1 TO : COUNTER1, COUNTER2, COUNTER3.
* Variables must be declared in the program.
* Variables can be upto 30 characters.* Key words of ABAP/4 shall not be used as variables.
* The declaration process consists of telling the system what type of data will be stored in the temporary location associated with the
variable.
* These variables persist only during the execution of the program, and the data they contain is lost when execution is complete.
* Variables can be declared at any point in a program. However it is preferable to define at the begining of a program.
* Begin variable with a letter and then a combination of letters & numbers. Hyphen or Dash (-) is allowed. But do not use it.
VARIABLES
Type Characteristic Example.
C Character “Any character”D Date "19980701"I Integer 500N Numeric text 00500T Time "223010"
others
F Floating point NUMBER 5e7p PACKED DECIMAL 200.50X Hexadecimal 23 A
DATA TYPES
DATA TYPES AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES
Data Type Meaning Initial valueStandardlength
Allowed length
P
F
I
N
C
T
D
X
Packed Number
Integer
Floating point no.
Numeric text
Text
Date YYYYMMDD
Time HHMMSS
Hexadecimal
0 8 1-16
0 4 -
0.000 . . . 8 -
00 . . . 0 1 1-max
Space 1 1-max
00000000 8 8
000000 6 6
X ‘00’ 1 1-max
Conditional Operators# CASE# IF# ON CHANGE OF
CASE: The case statement is used to indicate conditions for data that falls in a specific categories.
Syntax:CASE field.
WHEN value1.Command lines.
WHEN value1.Command lines.
WHEN OTHERS.Command lines.
ENDCASE.
Example:
DATA: w_year(4) .W_year = ‘1998’.CASE w_year. WHEN ‘1997’.
WRITE ‘The year is ‘1997’. WHEN ‘1998’.
WRITE ‘The year is ‘1998’. WHEN OTHERS.
WRITE ‘The year is unknown.ENDCASE.
SELECT statement I
TableTABNA
Table description TABNASHOW TABNA
TABNA-COUNTRY CHAR C 3
TABNA-ID CHAR C 8
TABNA-NAME1 CHAR C 25
NAME Type Length
DDIC
Table work area TABNA
PROGRAM B170D061.TABLES: TABNA.SELECT * FROM TABNA.
WRITE: / TABNA-COUNTRY, TABNA-ID,TABNA-NAME1, . . . .
ENDSELECT.
Implied Loop
SELECT statement II
REPORT B170D062.TABLES: TABNA.SELECT * FROM TABNA
WHERE COUNTRY = ‘USA’.
statements
ENDSELECT.IF SY-SUBRC NE 0.
statements
ENDIF.
Internal Tables play major role in SAP.Understand the concept of Internal Tables well before
you do something!
SELECT * FROM <table>
INTO TABLE <internal table>
APPENDING <internal table>
WHERE . . .
ORDER BY . . .
REPORT B180D06B.TABLES: TABNA.DATA: BEGIN OF TAB OCCURS 200.
INCLUDE STRUCTURE TABNA.DATA: END OF TAB.* note the extra DATA: statement required for an INCLUDE.SELECT * FROM TABNA INTO TABLE TAB
WHERE COUNTRY = ‘USA’.LOOP AT TAB.
WRITE: /TAB-COUNTRY,TAB-ID,TAB-NAME1.
END LOOP.
I have tried to give some info to take a look at ABAP/4. Go through training or refer books to master ABAP/4.
SAP is difficult to master.Concentrate on what you are good at.
ALL THE BEST !