introduction sur l'open source
DESCRIPTION
Cette présentation dresse un panorama du logiciel libre : ce que c'est, les projets phares, les licences (droits et devoirs) et enfin les business models. J'ai donné cette présentation à l'école des mines pour les sensibiliser à la viabilité économique et technique de cet écosystème. Le discours orale associé à ce support permet d'illustrer les principes du free software avec mes expériences personnelles dans la fondation Eclipse et la mise au point du business model d'Obeo. English: this talk is an introduction to free software ecosystem.TRANSCRIPT
Etienne JULIOT [email protected]
Conférence à l'Ecole des Mines de Nantes, le 03/01/2011
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Summary
Definitions
Projects
Licenses
Business Models
4
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Qu'est-ce qu'un logiciel libre ?
1 . Libe rt d 'é utilis e r le logicie lpour tous le s u sage s
2. Libe rt d 'é tud ie r é le logicie ld onc acc s au cod e sourceè
3. Libe rt d e é cop ie r le logicie ly com pris pour ve nd re le s cop ie s
4. Libe rt d e é m od ifie r le logicie l e t
d e le re d is tribue r
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
And in practical terms?
Open source means:The source code is available to the end-user The source code can be modified by the end-user The licensing conditions promote re-use and wide availability of the software The cost of acquisition to the end-user is often minimal
Open source software is not the same as free software but there is a large overlap
``Open source is a development methodology; free software is a social movement.'’
The Free software Foundation maintains a Free Software Definition (www.fsf.org)
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
What about the word « free »?
Free as in “freedom”
This usually implies “free as in free beer”
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Questions
Does the binary need to be available?
Is it allowed for an editor to sell a free software and not provide a free access to the binary and the source code?
Do I always need to redistribute my modification?
What about intellectual property and copyright?
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
So why is it better?
You can use it and modify it freely, for any purpose
You are not tied to any company
Even though you might not be able to modify it, somebody can do it for you
Millions of developers watch the code
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
When and who
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Richard M. Stallman 54 years-old
hacker (noble meaning)
free software activist
software patents destroyer
father of the GNU project (1983)
father of the Free Software Foundation (1985)
father of the Emacs text editor and other basic tools for operating systems
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Eric S. Raymond
50 years-old
hacker (noble meaning)
founder of the “Open Source” movement
“The Cathedral and the Bazaar”, 1997
disputed member of the Community
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Linus Torvalds
38 years-old
creator of the Linux kernel
self-proclaimed “benevolent dictator” of the Linux kernel development
rarely goes out of his modesty
(but when he does, the entire world knows it!)
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Mike Milinkovich
Executive Director of the Eclipse Foundation
In charge of the strategy of the foundation
Ecosystem
Relation between members, contributers and users communities
Process
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
16
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Logiciel libre : chiffres
Tendances Utilisateurs de Linux en entreprise prévus en 2008 : +320% par rapport à
fin 2004 Croissance du marché Linux dans le monde de 2004 à 2006 : +36% 49% des collectivités régionales ou locales françaises ont installé des
logiciels libres 49% des plus grandes entreprises du monde auront une stratégie open
source en 2008
Volumes 35 milliards de dollars : poids du marché mondial des logiciels libres
estimé en 2008 146 millions d’euros : poids du marché français des logiciels libres en
2004 450 millions d’euros : poids du marché français des logiciels libres en
2006
Projections Plus d’un milliard d’euros en 2008, plus de 2 milliards d’euros à
l’horizon 2010 900 millions d’euros: part du marché des services informatiques
consacrée aux projets de logiciels libres Sources : Gartner, IDC
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Summary
Definitions
Projects
Licenses
Business Models
18
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Some exemples
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Write text
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Operating System
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Do some computation
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Development tools
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
FOSS == Linux ?
27
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Fondations and organisations
OPEESTigris
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Myths about Free Software
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
To not overestimatedoverestimated the community
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
How to contribute?
Infrastructure
CVS, SVN, GIT
Bugzilla, newsgroup, mailing list
Hudson, Portal
Listen the community
Blog, Planet, Twitter
FAQ
Ask before
Don't re-invent the wheel, improve it!
Find the process!
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
38
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Organisation de la Fondation
Contributors
Commiters
PMC
Councils: Architecture, Requirement, Planning
Board of Directors (~10)
Staff (~10)
IWG
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Summary
Definitions
Projects
Licenses
Business Models
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Some licenses
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Permissiveness of FOSS licenses
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Exercise
My project « MyExpense » contains source code which depends to
A GPL project
A BSD project
A LGPL project
Which licence can I use for my project?
Is there any difference if I am a company or an individual?
Is there any difference if it's for internal use or not?
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Summary
Definitions
Projects
Licenses
Business Models
Extracts from Fabernovel paper
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Four business models can be identified
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
The service model takes two forms
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
The services offered are of different types
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
The value added distribution model consists in selling a standard version of an existing product
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
This model offers a triple client value
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
The double licence model relies on a « discrimination » of the users
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
A variant of this model: the commercialization of an associated product
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
The «mutualization» model rests on the successive development of several modules…
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
… and generally results in the creation of a community of clients
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Exemple: Opees Workflow
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Page 57
OPEES Actors and Processes
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Synthesis of the different business models
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Usecase: Distribution
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Usecase: Server
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Usecase: Web
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Usecase: Major editor
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Usecase: Vertical tool
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Usecase: DB
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Usecase: compiler
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Usecase: MD tooling
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Specific VS GenericSpecific VS Generic
Business Logic
Specific
Infrastructure
Business Logic
Generic
Infrastructure
Specialisation
(generation, transformati
on, designers, ...)
InteroperabilityBetter qualityMore tooling
Specific
Infrastructure
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
OpenSource isn’t a bisounours worldOpenSource isn’t a bisounours world
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
69
Bisounours processBisounours process
Labos SME
BigCompanies
Substrate:open
source
I have a bug
I reference it in OSS bugtracker
I have nothing to do today: I will fix it …
Hope !
This isn’t our job
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
70
OPEES ProcessOPEES Process
Labos SME
BigCompanies
Substrate:open
source
I have a bug
I reference it in contracted bugtracker
Support subcontractor makes the fix
I subscribe an OSS contract support
through Opees
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
71
Bisounours processBisounours process
Labos SME
BigCompanies
Substrate:open
sourceIs it interesting for SME?
I do papers and prototypes
Hope !
Is it interesting for customers?
Hope !
ROI ?Investissment ?
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
72
OPEES ProcessOPEES Process
Labos SME
BigCompanies
Substrate:open
source
I want a new long term feature
Is it interested for SME?
Is there a new research interest ?
yes
I do papers and prototypes
YesReuse/ remake
no
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Business Model for ObeoBusiness Model for Obeo
Services
Trainings
Support
Partnership
On Demand
Products
Traceability feature
Included inside Obeo Designer
Included inside Obeo Agility (for Cartography)
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Exemple: how to create designers?
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
ArchitectureArchitecture
Technologie Charge Profile demandé
GEF + EMF 90 j Développeur Eclipse et ergonome
GMF Tooling 30 j Expert GMF
Obeo Designer 5 j Concepteur
Choose:
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
Business Models
Do everything by yourself
You want to be independant
Training
Support
Expertise
You want to subcontrat
Forfait
Integrated Projet
You wan to use a ready to use packaging
Licenses + Maintenance
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
ATL Research / ATL ProATL Research / ATL Pro
ATL
ATL Research ATL Pro
SupportServices
Evolution on demandTraining
1Idea 2
Evaluation
3industrialisation
4Support
© C
opyr
ight
201
0 O
beo
OSONS !