introduction of lucknow city

Certificate

This is to certify that thesis entitled “ Economic of submitted for the award

of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics to Ch Charan Singh

University, Meerut is a faithful record of the bonafide research work carried

out by Mrs. Jyoti Pant under my supervision and guidance.

The candidate has also put in the attendance required as per the

relevant ordinance of Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut.

( J.C. Pant)M.A, Ph.D

Reader and Head(Retd in P.G) College ,Meerut.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Introduction of Lucknow City

Lucknow is the capital city of Lucknow and the seat of political

and administration authority. According to 2001 census the population of

lucknow was 21,85,927. Its area is 338.17 Sq. km. important technical and

medical institutes in Lucknow are IIM, IET, Lucknow University, SGPGI, KGMU,

CDRI, NBRT ,ITRC,RDSO, GSI Important industries located in Lucknow are

HAL, Mohan Meakin , Scooter India, Chikan Work , Zardari cottage industries.

Besides this historical monuments like husainabad, Imambara, La Matiniere,

Heritage zone, Residency and Baradari,Bhul Bhulaiya are located in lucknow.

River Gomti flows through the heart of city from north west to

south east with the rapid urbanization , there is an urgent need to cover water

supply sewerage facilities storm water drainage system , solid waste

management of the entire population of lucknow., for promoting environment

hygiene and to prevent pollution of local water bodies and river Gomti.

In the town having population more than 10 lacs ministry of Urban

Development & Central Government has started. The programmed named as

Jawahar Lal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission, for the development of

infrastructures. Under this program, the works of drinking water, sewerage

system, storm water drainage system, solidwaste management and

operationof city buss have been taken. It is estimated that water supply

(available after implementation of JNNURM) will be 722 mtr.

Lucknow Municipal Board has established in 1884. Piped water

supply was introduced in the year 1892. At that time the capacity of the

system was 2 lakh population. Gradually the system was augmented according

to the need of increasing population. At present status of water supply is as

follows.

Status of WSS in Lucknow

Piped water supply in Lucknow city was started in the year 1892 for the

population of 2.0 lacs.

Water Sources.

Raw water from river pumping station at Gaughat.

Gaughat pumping station situated at the bank of Gomti River.

There are four pump houses which are pumping raw water for

treatment plants at Aishbagh and Balaganj ( 220 MLD from Aishbagh

water works and 70 MLD from Balaganj water works.)

Total installed capacity for raw water is about 400 MLD .

Total production of water is 485 MLD.

Under Ground water

There are 403 tube wells.

Total capacity of these tubewells is 195 MLD.

There are about 6100 lmp Handpumps .

The water produced by these handpumps is about 95 MLD.

Supply and Distribution.

For proper supply and

City profile of Kanpur

Kanpur Nagar Nigam , situated on right bank of river Ganga is the 8th largest

metropolis in India and first largest and most important industrial city in

Uttar Pradesh . main industrial activities of concern are textile, leather,

fertilizers and arms. Small scale industries cover rolling casting, production of

paints and varnish are in Kanpur. Important Institutions IIT, HBTI, PRI, GSV

Medical college and important industries of national importance include HAL

and ordinance factories are situated in Kanpur.

Kanpur municipality came into existence 22nd Nov 1861. It became a

municipal corporation is 1959 under the Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation

Adhiniyam 1959.

Though WSS are also obligatory functions of Municipal Corporation as

per the 12th schedule of 74th constitutional amendment act(CAA) in the case of

Kanpur they are looked after by Kanpur Jal Nigam and Jal Sansthan.

Introduction of Varanasi city.

Varanasi Nagar Nigam was established in 24- Jan-1959 under the act of

Uttar Pradesh Government i.e Municipal corporation act of 1959 Nagar

Mahapalika. At present total area under Varanasi Nagar Nigam is 79.79 Sq Km

encompassed a total area of 3 Sq Km. it hold the population of 1371749 lakhs.

Apparasely 13800 people in the municipal area live in slums.

The city has a historical spiritual and religious significance. Millions of

tourist visit the city of Varanasi in search of peace and salvation. Some of the

notable tourist spots are Vishwanath Temple – devoted to Lord Shiva, BHU,

Ramnagar fort, Sarnath. Varanasi caters a tourists of economic classes. The

city is well known for Banarasi Saris and hand woven carpets. Though WSS

are obligatory functions of HC as per the 12th schedule of 74th constitutional

Amendment act( CAA) in the case of Varanasi they are looked after by

Kanpur .

Present status of water supply system and Jal Sansthan in Varanasi

Varanasi Jal Sansthan was established in the year 1892. It has an

autonomous local body.

Present available rate of water supply- 130 lpcd.

Sources of available water

1. River source (Ganga) 125 mld.

2. Deep tubewell source ( 127 Nos)- 155 mld.

No of tubewells 167

No of public taps-1402

There are two types of water reservoirs

1. Overhead Tanks ( OHT)- 17 Nos

2. Clear water reservoirs ( CWR) – 6 Nos

Total capacity of the reservoirs is 78.80 ml

Total length of w/s mains is 590 km

Till 2010 water demand is for 17.10 lakh population and 275.41 mld

Till 2010 available water supply was 185 mld

No of handpumps for water supply – 2358

For the proper supply and distribution of drinking water following

Zonal Pumping stations are established.

City profile of Agra City.

Agra city is of historic importance, which is amplify evidence from the

numerous historical monuments in and around the city. The city of Agra is

situated on the western bank of river Yamuna on national highway(NH-2) at

about 200kms from Delhi in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Agra is geographically

located at 27° 12 North latitudes and 78° 12 East longitudes is the city of

inimitable Taj Mahal. According to 2001 census the Agra district is Sq km and

the total population is

Primarily the economy of the Agra district is agriculture based while the

economy base of Agra city is small scale industries , commerce and Trade.

Over 7200 small scale industrial units are spread all over the district. Agra city

is famous for the leather Goods , Hand Zari zardari , Marvel and stone carving

and inlay work. Agra is also famous for Petha. Besides this historical

monuments like Agra fort of Akbar , Itmad-ud-Daulah and Sikandara are

situated in Agra.

Present water map supply sanitation status of Agra city.

Piped water supply in the city was introduced in the year 1890 for a

design population of 1,60,000.

The source of water supply to the city has been Yamuna River till date.

As against fourteen water supply zones proposed in the carrier planning

presently twenty five zones have been set up.

For the proper supply and distribution of drinking water 25 zonal

pumping stations are established at following places:-

Hariparbat , Lohamandi, Maithan, Chtta, Kotwali, Rakabganj,

Tajganj-I, Kandhari,Sikandara-I, Shahganj-I, cantt zone, Trans

Yamuna-I, Trans Yamuna-II, Ghatswani-I , Ghatswani-II, Swami

Bagh- I, Dayal Bagh-I , Swami Bagh-II, Dayal Bagh-II, Sikandar –I,

Badia-I, Badia-II, Badia-III, Shahganj-II, Shahganj-III, Tajganj II &

Tajganj-III.

Presently there are two water works namely Jeoni Mandi water

treatment plant and Sikandara water treatment plant,

Both the treatment plants are giving a final output of about 270 mld.

There are 12 reservoirs. The total storage capacity of these reservoirs

within Agra is about 48200 KL.

For the proper supply and distribution of water about 1100 km length

of pipelines is laid in different parts of the city.

As per estimate of U.P Jal Sansthan 70% of the area is covered by piped

water supply.

There are about 4017 stand posts and about 4598 handpumps in the

city.

The city of Agra has under ground sewerage system which is operated

and be maintained by the Agra Jal Sansthan.

Planning construction and commission of projects related to sewerage

system is under the purview of Jal Nigam.

NEERI; Nagpur prepared sewerage Master plan for the city in 2002.

There are 2 sewerage districts on the basis of topography and physical

barrier like railway lines, river, National highway. These are :-

1. Tajganj Sewerage district consisting Tajganj-I,II and III Zones.

2. Northern sewerage district covering Dayal Bagh and parts of

Sikandara- I,II , Khandari, Ghatwasan-II Zones.

3. Eastern sewerage district covering TransYamuna-I and

TransYamuna-II.

4. Western sewerage district covering Bodla-I, Bodla-II, Bodla-III,

Shahganj III and parts of Lohamandi, Sikandara-I AND Sikandara-

II, Shahganj-I and Shahganj-II.

5. Southern-I sewerage district covering Bondukatra and part of

Shahganj -I

6. Southern-II sewerage district covering part of Shahganj-II.

7. Central sewerage district covering Ghatwasan-I Kotwali, Maithan,

Haripada, Chatta, Rakabganj and partsof old Khandari,

Ghatwasan-II and Lohamandi

8. In most of the zones of Agra city sewer lines have not been laid

except for certain parts of in old city areas which were laid in the

year 1976.

9. The existing system is spread over the area of 400 hectares but

devoid of proper house connection and mostly the sewerage goes

into the open drains.

10. The system is badly silted chked and damaged at number of

places and overloaded due to growth of population.

11. Waste water generated daily- 15 mld

12. Present operating capacity of treatmentof plants.

13. Area covered under the sewerage sewerage system.

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Q 8 Grade the quality of water for clearness ?

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introduction of lucknow city

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