introduction i. cell biology a. definition. a. zacharias janssen, 1595 first light microscope c....
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INTRODUCTIONI. Cell
BiologyA. Definition
a. Zacharias Janssen, 1595 first light microscope
c. Robert Hooke, 1665 coined “Cellulae”d. Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1672 “Homunculus” and “Animalcules”
b. Galileo Galilei, 1609 focusing device
1. Microscope Development
e. Charles Spencer, 1850’s first compound scopef. Max Knot & Ernst Ruska, 1933 first electron microscope
B. History of Cell Biology
a. Robert Dutrochet, 1824 plants made of cells
c. Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden, 1839 Cell Theory
i. The cell is the basic unit in living organisms.
b. Robert Brown, 1824 The nucleus & Brownian motion
ii. The cell is the building block of organisms.
2. Basics of Cell Theory
d. J. Purkinji, 1840’s coined the term protoplasme. Rudolph Virchow, 1859 “Spontaneous Generation”
iii. Cells arise from preexisting cells.
a. Karl van Nageli, 1846 plant cells derived from direct division of maternal cells
d. Frank Meischer, 1871 proposed nuclein material of nucleic acids
b. E. Strausburger & Walter Fleming, 1840’s directions for growth and division of cells contained in the nucleusc. Gregor Mendel, 1860’s proposed a hereditary molecule was responsible for expression of traits in an organism
3. Cellular Control
d. Robert Altmann, 1889 purified nucleic acids into purine (A & C) and pyrimidine (T & G) bases DNA in all cells, while RNA variablee. James Watson & Francis Crick, 1953 summarized research and built model of DNA
Figure 1.3
A. Highly OrganizedBiosphere
Molecules
II. Characteristics of Life
Bioenergetics
B. Transform Energy
Figure 1.9
Variation in Nature
C. Reproduce
Stages and Accomplishments
D. Grow & Develop
Daily Adjustments vs. Population Changes
E. Irritable & Adaptable
Balanced against Change
F. Practice Homeostasis
Negative vs.
Positive Mechanisms
Surface Area vs. Volume Dilemma
Figure 6.2
A. Size Limits
Figure 6.7
III. Types of Cells
B. Prokaryotes1. Size Limits
2. Characteristics
Figure 6.5
Figure 1.4
1. Size Limits
2. Characteristics
Figure 6.8
Figure 6.8
C. Eukaryotes
Figure 6.2
The parts == a. protein (capsid , landing gear, and injector) surrounding a b. nucleic acid core (genome = can be DNA or RNA)
Figure 19.3
1. Characteristics
D. Viruses
2. “Life” Strategiesa. Lytic versus
Figure 19.5
b. Lysogenic
Figure 19.6
E. Viroids & Prions
1. What?
A. ForcesB. Mechanisms
IV. Cellular Differentiation
A. Definitions1. Trophic Levels
2. Taxa
B. Schemes
D, K, P, C, O, F, G, & SFigure
1.12
V. Organism Classification