introduction definition history post bean span material relations cantilever beans failures...
TRANSCRIPT
CONTENTIntroductionDefinitionHistoryPostBeanSpan Material RelationsCantilever BeansFailuresConclusion
INTRODUCTIONBuilding systems can be post-and-lintel, vaulted or internal structures. There are
several ways to build according to the type and location. How to build depends on the technological level of the community that
builds and the needs they manifest.
In any case, the construction system uses by a community reflects part of his personality
as the building is a way to transform the environment adapted to the human needs.
Ever since man left the shelter that provided the cave, until now, there have been three
different building systems: lintel, domed and internal structures.
DEFINITION Is a simple construction method
using a lintel, header, or architrave as the horizontal member over a building void supported at its ends by two vertical columns, pillars, or posts. This architectural system and building method has been commonly used for centuries to support the weight of the structure located above the openings created by windows and doors in a bearing wall.
HISTORY From prehistoric times to the Roman Empire, the post –
and – lintel system was the root of architectural design. The interiors of
Egyptian temples and the exteriors of Greek temples are delineated by columns
covered by stone lintels. The Greeks opened their interior spaces by substituting
wooden beams for stone, since the wood required fewer supports. The development of the
arch and vault challenged the system but could not diminish its importance either in
masonry construction or in wood framing, by its nature dependent on posts and
beams
POSTThe job of the post is to support the lintel and its loads
without crushing or buckling. Failure occurs, as in
lintels, from excessive weakness or length, but the
difference is that the material must be especially strong
in compression. Stone, which has this property, is more
versatile as a post than as a lintel; under heavy loads it
is superior to wood but not to iron, steel, or reinforced
concrete. Masonry post, including those of brick, may
be highly efficient, since the loads compress the joints
and add to their cohesiveness. Although monolithic
stone columns are used, they are extravagant to
produce for large structures, and columns are usually
built up of a series of cylindrical blocks called drums.
BEAN-The job of the beam or lintel is to bear loads that rest on it, also includes its own wheigth.
-The beam has to be able to do this without deformor break
load
BEAM or LINTEL
Span-Material Relations
The span between the column or post depends on the
bending resistance of the material of the
beam.Stones are weak in bending, the span it
smallerSteel is strong in
bending, so the use of steel beam can produce greater openings in a
structure, such as barns.
Cantilever BeamsA cantilever beam its a beam that is anchored only at
one end.
It is often used in architecture to
allow overhanging structures like building with
balconies, bridges and more.
FailuresFailure occurs when the
material is
to weak or the span is to long
to support the load.
This makes the beam bend or
break.
This aspect combined with
others
can cause many structural
accidents, destroying the
structure
like a house of cards
CONCLUSION- Form prehistoric times, the post and
lintel
System has been used for all kinds of
structures.
- Since the Roman and Egiptian
temples to the
evolution of frames and archs, the post
and lintel
system has remained as the basic idea.