introduction & application of nano-materials-part-1
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OUTLINE OF THE
PRESENTATION
Introduction
History
Approaches Terms
Applications
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://sbchem.sunysb.edu/msl/c60f.jpg&imgrefurl=http://sbchem.sunysb.edu/msl/fullerene.html&h=655&w=655&sz=126&tbnid=j3DVLiD8ZXQJ:&tbnh=136&tbnw=136&prev=/images?q=bucky+ball&hl=en&lr=&oi=imagesr&start=1 -
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INTRODUCTIONS OF NANO
MATERIAL
A prefix that means very, very,small
The word nano is from the Greek word
Nanos meaning Dwarf. It is a prefix used
to describe "one billionth" of something
prefix that means very, very,small
g, or 0.000000001.
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DEFINITION
National Nanotechnology Initiative (US)
nanotechnology is the understanding and
control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to
100 nanometers, where unique phenomena
enable novel applications. (National
Nanotechnology Initiative, n.d.).
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The Nano size
1 nanometer = 1 billionth of a meter or
1
1,000,000,000
= 10 -9 meter
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cm mm mm nm
10-2 10-3 10-610-4 10-5 10-7 10-8 10-9(m)
Hair
100 mmPenny2 cm
Raindrop1 mm
Red Blood Cell
5 mm
What Is A Nanometer?
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...the
chromosmesblocks can bestudied.
10-910 Angstroms1 nanometer
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History of Nanomaterial
Richard Feynman (Father
of Nanotechnology)
first introduced theidea of Nanotechnology
in a lecture called,
Theres plenty of
room at the bottom.
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In his time it was not possible to
manipulate single atoms or molecules, sohis speech was completely theoretical [2].
Feynman was an American Physicist, who
helped to develop the atomic bomb, andinvestigate the Space Shuttle Challenger
Disaster. He received the Nobel Prize in
Physics for his work on quantumelectrodynamics [3].
NO BODY PAID ANY ATTENTION AT THAT
TIME
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The Lycurgus Cup
is a Roman
artifact frombefore 640 AD.
It is di-chroic,
changing colourwhen illuminatedfrom the inside. Thiseffect is caused bygold and silver nano-particles, and waslikely produced byaccident.
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Stained GlassAs early as 500 AD,
glass artisans were
making stained glass
windows with vibrant
reds and yellows.
These colors weremuch more luminous
and durable than dyes
could produce.
They were the products of
coinage metal nano-
particles imbedded in the
glass.
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Synthesis Routes of Nanomaterial
(THE CHEMISTAPPROACH)
1. Bottom up method--
assemble atoms tonanostructures
a). Nanosphere lithography.
b). Templating, chemical,electrochemical,sonochemical, thermal andphotochemical reductiontechniques.
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Synthesis Routes of Nanomaterial
Nano Technology
Engineers/Physicists/M
aterial Scientists
2. Top down method--cutinto pieces in
nanoscale
a). Photolithography
b). Electron beam
lithography
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Some Common Terminology In Nano
Material Technology
Carbon Nano Tube Carbon nanotube
are extraordinary
macromoleculescontaining only
carbon.
They are formed by
rolling up graphene
sheets.
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Nano particles
Nanoparticles
are made out
of a wide
variety of
materials such
as metals,
metal oxide
ceramics and
silicates.Figure 4.8b. Silicate
Nanoparticles. Source : ILL.
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NanocapsulesNanocapsules
represent anynanoparticle that
consists of a shell and
a space in which
desired substances
may be placed. These
are reservoir systems
composed of apolymer membrane
surrounding a liquid
core .
Figure 4.9. Nanocapsules. Image
from: http://perso.club-
internet.fr/ajetudes/nano/inde
x.html
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Nanocrystals
Nanocrystals are also
called quantum dots.
These are capable of
confining a single
electron, or a few, intodiscrete energy states
just as they would in an
atom. Nanocrystalsexhibit all the colours of
the rainbow due to their
unique semiconductor
qualities
a family of Qdot
particles (Source: MIT),
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Dendrimers
Dendrimers are large and complex
molecules with very well-defined
chemical structures. From a polymer
chemistry point of view, dendrimers are
nearly perfect monodisperse
macromolecules with a regular and
highly branched three-dimensionalarchitecture (Figure 4.13). They consist
of three major architectural
components: core, branches and end
groups . One of the most appealingaspects of technologies based on
dendrimers is that it is relatively easy to
control their size, composition and
chemical reactivity .
Dendrimers. Sources: a)
California Institute of
Technology,
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The Present Scenario Today the world faces a variety of challenges:
In creating alternative fuels, Searching for cheap new materials with 100%
selectivity, Reducing harmful by products inmanufacturing,
Cleaning up the environment and preventingfuture pollution,
Dealing with the cause of global warming, Protecting the common person from release
of toxic substances and infectious agents,
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What will be the solution of all these
problems?
May be nanotechnology because it is the 21st
revolutionary technology.
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APPLICATIONS
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Materials: Stain Resistant Clothes
Nanofibers create cushion of air around fabric
10 nm carbon whiskers bond with cotton Acts like peach fuzz; many liquids roll off
Nano paints that refuseto stain;
Liquids bead up and
roll off
Nano-Care fabrics with water,
cranberry juice, vegetable oil, and
mustard after 30 minutes (left) and
wiped off with wet paper towel
ri ht
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Environment: Paint That Cleans Air Nanopaint on buildings
could reduce pollution
When exposed toultraviolet light,titanium dioxide (TiO2)nanoparticles in paintbreak down organicand inorganicpollutants that wash off
in the rain
Decompose airpollution particles likeformaldehyde
Buildings as air purifiers?
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Environment: Nano Solar Cells
Nano solar cells mixed in plastic could bepainted on buses, roofs, clothing
Solar becomes a cheap energy alternative!
Nano solar cell: Inorganic nanorods embedded in
semiconducting polymer, sandwiched between twoelectrodes
] 200 nm
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Nano Sun-screens Nanoparticle
sunscreeningredients are smallinorganic clustersthat: Provide good UV
protection byabsorbing both highenergy UVB and lowenergy UVA light
Appear clear on ourskin because theyare too small toscatter visible light
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Nanosized
ZnOparticles
Large ZnO
particles
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In Short: An emerging, interdisciplinary science
Integrates chemistry, physics, biology,materials engineering, earth science,and computer science
The power to collect data andmanipulate particles at such a tinyscale will lead to
New areas of research and technology
design
New ways to tackle important problemsin healthcare, energy, the environment,
and technology
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References
http://nanonet.rice.edu/intronanosci/sld005.html
1. http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03
www.hindawi.com.
Fritz Allhoff Patrick Lin Nanotechnology & Society
Current and Emerging Ethical Issues page 05
Introduction to nanotechnology by Henrik Bruus MICDepartment of Micro and Nanotechnology
Technical University of Denmark Lyngby, spring 2004 pageno. 1-10,50
A Nanoforum report, available for download fromwww.nanoforum.org.
http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03http://www.hindawi.com/http://www.hindawi.com/http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03 -
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