Intro to Abnormal Psychology A.K.A. Psychological Disorders behavior is judged to be deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional. Deviant: being different from most other people in ones culture; may vary by context (example wartime) and time (example - homosexuality was classified as an illness from 1952 to 1973) Men of the West Africa Wodaabe tribe put on elaborate makeup and costumes to attract women. In Western society, the same behavior would break behavioral norms and might be judged abnormal. Distressful: causes the individual stress (pain, anxiety, sorrow, etc.) Dysfunction: considered to be disorderly if it impairs your everyday life Early Theories Abnormal behavior was evil spirits trying to get out, godlike powers, movement of stars Treatments: institutionalized, castration, drilling holes in skull, removing intestines, cauterizing the clitoris, transfusion of animal blood, and more Medical Model By the 1800s, we started reforming the way we looked at mental illness and developed the medical model Mental illness needs to be diagnosed on basis of symptoms and cured through therapy and treatment Biopsychosocial Approach considers combination of biological, psychological, and social factors as contributing to development of disorders DSM IV American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders Lists symptoms, examples, etc. Helps psychologists diagnose disorders Used by insurance companies People First Language seeing individuals as people first and not defined by their disorder Ex: a person with schizophrenia, not a schizophrenic Labels can negatively affect the way we perceive people Example: What emotions come to you when you hear the words cancer patient? Criticisms Are people with disorders truly mentally ill or are they just deviating from social norms? Rosenhan Study: associates were malingering symptoms of hearing voices. They were ALL admitted for schizophrenia. None were exposed as imposters. They all left diagnosed with schizophrenia in remission. What are some of the questions raised by this study?