intro textiles
TRANSCRIPT
IMPORTANCE OF TEXTILES
TEXTILES ARE USED TO PROTECT OUR BODY FROM ENVIRONMENT i.e. COLD, HOTNESS, WIND, RAIN
ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCES TEXTILES IN MAY WAYS. AT THE SAME TIME, TEXTILE PRODUCTION INFLUENCES THE ENVIRONMENT SIGNIFICANTLY```
TEXTILES
Textile is a sheet of fibrous material which possesses some outstanding properties such as warmth, moisture absorption, handle, softeness, silkiness, strength, serviceability and good appearance (aesthetic look)
FIBRESA Fibre is one which is plyable
continuous or discontinuous having a very high ratio between length and width 1:1,00,000
YARNSYarn is a twisted arrangement of fibre assembly which has received final attenuation
STAPLE
Staple is a parallel assembly of fibres
FILAMENT
Filament is a continuous fibre having a length of several thousand metres.
STAPLE FIBRE
Staple fibre is a discontinuous fibre e.g.cotton, wool
NATURAL FIBRE
A fibre which is available from nature
CELLULOSIC FIBRE
Cellulosic fibre is one which is composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen i.e glucose molecules (e.g.)cotton,viscose & polynosic
PROTEIN FIBREA fibre composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen molecules i.e. protein polymer
MINERAL FIBREA fibre produced from earth e.g. asbestos & metal threads
VEGETALE FIBREFibres are produced from vegetable origin e.g. cotton, linen, jute, ramie
ANIMAL FIBRESFibres which are produced from animals such as sheep e.g. wool, silk,camel hair
MAN-MADE FIBRESMan-made fibres are produced from fibre forming polymers which are converted into fibres after several chemical treatments and spun by wet, dry and melt spinning techniques.
REGENERATED FIRBES
Regenerated fibres are the fibres which are produced from the fibre forming substances available from nature after purification and spinning e.g. viscose, polynosic rayon
SYNTHETIC FIBRES
Synthetic fibres are the fibres which are produced from petro chemicals such as ethylene, acetylene, propylene, benzene, ammonia and xylene
SYNTHESIS
It is a process in which several molecules of different elements are combined i.e. it is a process of combination.
POLYMERISATION
Polymerisation is a process in which several molecules of same monomer or different monomers are combined to form a giant size molecule having a very high molecular weight.
ADDITION POLYMERA product produced out of polymerisation is called polymer. Addition polymer is the polymer produced from the same monomer i.e. polyethylele, polypropylene
CONDENSATION POLYMERA polymer produced from two different monomers with the elimination of water or any other component e.g. polyester, nylon
ELASTOMERIC FIBREA fibre which posses very high elongation i.e.500% to 700% e.g. polyurethene, polyethene (spandex)
YARNS
• Yarn is the twisted assembly of fibres• Hosiery (knitting) yarn:
Hosiery yarn is a soft twisted yarn used for making the knitted fabrics• Less twist in the yarn gives softness
andless snarling
WEFT YARNWeft yarn is a yarn used in the cross wise direction of the fabric in the manufacture of woven fabric. It possesses slightly higher twist than hosiery yarn i.e. 15% to 20% more than knitting yarn
WARP YARNWarp yarn is a yarn used in longitudinal direction of the fabric which possesses very good strength. This yarn is given about 30% more twist than hosiery yarn
HIGH TWIST YARNHigh twist yarn is yarn used for making special type of fabrics (voile fabrics). This yarn contains about 70% to 80% more twist than hosiery yarn.
CARDED YARNCarded yarn is a yarn which is produced without any removal of short fibre
COMBED YARNCombed yarn is a yarn which is produced after the removal of short fibres i.e. less than 12.7mm length
BLENDED YARNBlended yarn is one which is produced by means of combing two different fibres from two different sources
Polyester / Cotton yarn
Polyester / Cotton yarn Polyester / Cotton yarnPolyester / Cotton yarn
FANCY YARNSFancy yarn is one which contains some special effects such as slub, nep, flame and knops in the yarni.e. to make the fabrics attractive
PROCESSSPINNING
Spinning is converted into yarn
WEAVING Weaving is a process of interlacing yarn in themanufacture of fabrics
KINTTINGKnitting is a process of looping the yarn into fabrics
NON-WOVENNon-woven is a process in which the fabric is produced by means of bonding techniques
PROCESSPROCESSING
Processing means the grey fabric is converted into a finished fabric by means of scoring , bleaching, dyeing, printing and finishing
GREY FABRIC Grey fabric is the fabric produced from loom i.e. loom state fabric
FINISHED FARBICFinished fabric is one which is dyed and printed. This is ready for garment making
YARN MAKING PROCESSGINNING
It is a process of separating fibres from Kapas (i.e.paruthi)
QUALITY
Quality means degree of perfection
MIXING It is a process of combining two or more cotton varieties
BLENDINGIt is a process of combining fibres from two or more resources e.g. polyester / cotton
YARN MAKING PROCESSBLOWROOM
It is a sequence of opening and cleaning machines connected one after the other to clean the cotton fibres
CARDINGIt is also a process of cleaning in which the fibres are opened, cleaned, drafted, separated, individualized and finally made into a rope form assembly of fibres called sliver
COMBINGCombing is a process of short fibre removal
DRAWINGDrawing is a process of improving the evenness i.e.uniformity
YARN MAKING PROCESSROVING(SIMPLEX)
It is a process of size reduction i..e reduction process
RING SPINNINGIt is a process of making yarn using a machine called ring spinning
AUTO CONEWINDINGIt is a finishing process where the yarn is wound on a cone package to improve the efficiency of subsequent processes in the manufacture of fabrics
REELINGReeling is a process in which the yarn is wound for a length of 1680 yards or more to produce fabrics in the handloom sector
YARN MAKING PROCESS
DOUBLINGDoubling is a process of combining two or more yarns together by twist
RING DOUBLINGA ring doubling is used to double the yarn
TWO-FOR-ONE TWISTERIn this machine, one revolution of spindle gives two twists in the yarn
YARN MAKING PROCESS
BUNDLING & BALINGBundling is a process of making a yarn bundle having a weight of 2.27 kg or 4.4 kg. A machine used for this purpose is called Bundling Machine or Bundling Press
DOUBLINGDoubling is a process of combining two or more yarns together by twist
RING DOUBLINGA ring doubling is used to double the yarn
TWO-FOR-ONE TWISTERIn this machine, one revolution of spindle gives two twists in the yarn
YARN MAKING PROCESS
BUNDLING & BALINGBundling is a process of making a yarn bundle having a weight of 2.27 kg or 4.4 kg. A machine used for this purpose is called Bundling Machine or Bundling Press
BALINGBaling is a processing in which a bale is made from yarn bundles. The bale weight is 90 kg. A machine used for this purpose is called Baling Press.
FABRIC MAKING PROCESSWOVEN FABRIC
WARPINGIt is a process in which a sheet of yarn is made from 500 to 600 ends and wound on the beam for a length of about 15000 -30000 metres.
PIRN WINDINGIt is a machine which is used to wind the weft yarn on a pirn.
SIZINGSizing is a process in which the warp sheet is coated with adhesive solution (i.e. starch)
FABRIC MAKING PROCESS
DRAWING, REEDING & DANTINGIt is a process in which the yarn is drawn through
stop motion wire, heald wire and reed wire
WEAVINGWeaving is a process in which the warp and weft
yarn are interlaced by a machine called loom
HANDLOOMHandloom is the loom operated by hand & legs
POWERLOOMIt is operated by electronic motor
SHUTTLELOOMA shuttle loom is one which produces fabric using a
shuttle.
FABRIC MAKING PROCESS
AUTOMATIC LOOMIt is a loom in which the pirn in the shuttle is
changed automatically by a separate mechanism.
SHUTTLELESS LOOMIn this type of loom, the weft yarn is carried
without any shuttle by a projectile or rapier or airjet or waterjet
CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF FABRICS
SINGEINGIt is a process of removing the protruding fibres from the surface of the fabric
DESIZINGDesizing is a process in which the sizing mateiral is removed from the warp yarn of the fabric by means of dilute acids or enzymes
SCOURINGScouring is a process in which all the impurities are removed from the fabric other than natural colouring matter
BLEACHINGBleaching is a process making the fabric white using hypho chlorite solution or hydrogen peroxide or sodium chlorite
CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF FABRICS
DYEINGDyeing is a process in which the fabric is treated with dye solution to make the fabric into colour fabric
PRINTINGPrinting is a process in which different designs are introduced on the surface of the fabric
FINISHINGIt is the last process in the fabric to achieve the desired effect by chemical and mechanical treatments
GSM – Gram per square metre of the fabric
FABRIC COVER FACTORThe extent to which the warp yarn & weft yarn are closely laid in the fabric. It is indicated by a number 16 to 28.
HIGHER THE NUMBER, CLOSER THE TEXTURE AND VICE VERSA