INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPY

Iswandi Darwis, MD

Dept. of Pharmacology and TherapyFaculty of Medicine – Lampung

University

Definitions

Pharmacology

• Pharmacokinetic• Pharmacodynamic

Pharmacy

Pharmacognosy

Clinical Pharmacology

Pharmacogenetic

Pharmacotherapeutic

Pharmacoeconomic

The knowledge of : History, source, Physical & chemical Properties, compounding, biochemical & physiological effects, mechanism of actions, absorption, distribution, biotransformation & excretion, therapeutic & other uses of drugs (Benet, 1997)

The science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease ( = medical / clinical pharmacology) (Katzung,1997)

Pharmacology

•The study of absorption, distributions, biotransformation and excretion of drugs•What the body do to the drugs•Fate of the drug in the body•Involved in how the concentration of drug in the body varies with time

Pharmacokinetics

•The study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanism of action•What the drug do to the body

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacy•The scientific study about preparing, compounding and dispensing of drugs

Pharmacognosy •The branch of pharmacology that study about sources of drugs

Clinical Pharmacolo

gy•The scientific study of drugs in man

Pharmacotherapeutics

The study of the drugs use in the prevention & treatment of disease

• Stimulate / depress biochemical or physiological functions relief of symptoms• Alter the course of disease• Eliminate the pathogenic cells / organisms

Some mechanism of actions of drugs

Pharmacogenetics

Study relationship of genetics factors to variations in drug response (Brody, 1998)

• Biochemical – genes govern the production enzymes• Anatomical – mydriatics induced glaucoma in patients with a shallow anterior eye chamber

Concerned with drugs responses that are governed by heredity (Laurence & Bennet, 1987)

Inherited causal factors are :

Toxicology

Aspect of pharmacology that deals with AEs of drugs

Concerned with

Chemical agent that effect the living process

Any substance used to modify physiological system OR pathological condition for the benefit of the recipient

So… what is drug?

Drugs…

•meet the health of the majority of population

Essential drugs

•marketed by any producers under non-proprietary (=INN) / branded names•exp: paracetamol

Generic drugs

•pharmaceutical products marketed under branded names

•exp: Panadol, tempra

Patent drugs (branded drug)

a. on-ethical drugs sold without R/• Unlimited drugs (B-class) = OTC drugs

• Without cautionary labeling

• Limited drugs (W-class) = semi OTC drugs• With cautionary labeling• Pharmacy/licenced drug store

b. Ethical drugs sold with R/• Potent drugs (G-class)• Narcotics drugs (O-class)

Drugs in the market: classification…

K

Thank You.....