A698 AGA ABSTRACTS GASTROENTEROLOGY, Vol. 108, No. 4

THE EFFECT OF O C T R E O T I D E (SOMATOSTATIN ANALOG) ON THE HUMAN ESOPHAGUS H~ Tani, K. Haruma, J. Fujimura, J. Hata, H. Yamanaka, E. Okamoto, K. Tsuga, H. Futagami, M. Yoshihara, K,Sumii, S. Kishimoto, G. Kajiyama. First Dept. of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan.

Since its discovery as an inhibitor of growth hormone secretion, somatostatin has been recognized as a peptide that exerts a negative action on other physiological functions in GI tract. However there are few reports on the effect of somatostatin on the esophageal tone. The AIM of this study was to assess the effects of octreotide (somatostatin analog) on the normal human esophageal tone. METHODS~ Ten healthy volunteers, all men, mean age 27.4 years, were studied. A manometry tube (Konigsberg Instruments Inc., Pasadena, CA) was introduced transnasaly after over night fasting and esophageal pressure was recorded to computer (Hitachi FLORA 301(/ CS) on supine position. Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was measured three times as the catheter pullthrow. Then esophageal body contraction pressure was measured after wet swallows of 5 ml of water 10 times. Octreotide was administered 50[tg subcutaneously. Manometry measurement was repeated 10 minutes after the administration of octreotide. LES pressure and esophageal body contractions were recorded in the same way before administration of octreotide. ~ : (Mean+- SE, Significance at the 0.01level)

LES pressure Proximal Middle Distal (mmHg) (mmHg) (mmHg) (mmHg) .

Before 17.4+- 2.2 76.6 + 6.2 92.6 + 9.9 77.6 + 8.5 After 22.7 + 2.4 * 103.3 + 9.9* 127.0 + 9.6" 129.8+- 15.0"

• p<0.01 : compared to before. CONCLUSION: Octreotide stimulates the normal human esophagus.

O SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF SMALL INTESTINAL TRANSIT OF LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS IN MAN. S. Tauscher- Wisniewski, J, Hammer, K. Kletter, A. Gangl. Depts. of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Vienna, Austria. Although it has been demonstrated that small bowel transit time of solid and liquid components of a meal is similar (Gastroenterology, 1984, 1255) intestinal transport of solids and liquids when introduced into the duodenum together has yet to be quantified. HYPOTHESIS: Solids and liquids will move through the small intestine together. AIM: to determine small bowel transit of solids and liquids simultaneously in a fasting and a fed motor state. METHODS: 12 healthy volunteers (mean age 25 years, 4 F, 8 M) fasted for 6 hours and then swallowed a tube with its distal end at the ligament of Treitz. 1 mm Amberlite 120 IRP resin pellets (1 ,gram) labeled with 100 mCi 1HInCI3 served as solid phase markers. They were injected and then rinsed down the tube by a fluid that was 30 ml of either 0.9% NaCI In=4), an isoosmotic (Osm.) electrolyte solution (Golytely®, n=4), or a.solution of fat (Intralipid® 10%, lkcal/ml; n=4). Fluids were labeled with 2 mCi 99~Tc-DTPAI Infusion rate was lml/min. Af[er 30 minutes the tube was removed. With an anterior and a posterior y-camera images were obtained in 10 minute intervals until all radiolabels had entered the colon. A variable region of interest program quantified the arrival of radiolabels in the colon. Counts were corrected for downscatter and expressed as percent of total counts. Paired, two-sided Student-t-tests were performed. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The small intestine always started to empty solids and liquids simultaneously, 122-+3 min (NaCI), 57+14 (Osm.), and 43+-6 min (fat) after the start of infusion.

% cuts. in the colon all cnts in the duration of Infused Hrl Hr2 colon after (rain) colon filling fluid In Tc In Tc In Tc (min) (In=Tc)

NaCI 0 0 26_+11 9+3 222-+14 222-+12 105-+12 Osm. 25-+9 26+10 63+_12 56+14 177£21 177+_21 130+-13 Fat 40+-15 37+12 785:10 80-+8 1555:19 160+-20 100+-13

CONCLUSION: As expected, solids and liquids transit the small bowel together, both during fed and fasting motility. Intestinal transit of fat, that induces a fed pattern, is significantly faster compared to normale saline.

O INTESTINAL TRANSIT TIME IN PATIENTS AFTER TOTAL PROCTOCOLECTOMY AND ILEOANAL POUCH IS RELATED TO SPHINCTER INTEGRITY BUT NOT PLASMA PYY LEVELS. C.A. Ternent, P. Staab, G.J. Blatchford: M.A. Christensen, A.G. Thorson, J.S. Thompson, S.D. banspa, P.G. Meade, R.A. Cali, P.M. Falk, S.M. Sentovich. T.E. Adrian. Depts. of Surgery, Biomedical Sciences and Gastroenterology, Creighton University and Dept. of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE

Studies in humans show a strong correlation between plasma PYYlevelsand intestinal transit time. PYY levels are increased after small bowel resection. Cole~tomized dogs with ileoanal pouch have increases in both pouch PYY content and circulating PYY levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of circulating PYY levels and intestinal transit time with pouch function in a homogeneous group of colectomized patients with i leal pouch anal anastomosis. Mouth to pouch transit time was measured in 30 patients, a mean time of 43 (range 3-84) months after ileostomy closure. Transit time studies were also performed in 10 ~ealthy controls. Fasting and postprandial PYY levels were significantly reduced in pouch patients compared to controls (P=O.O001, P:O.O002), as shown in the graph. Intestinal transit time measured with hydrogen breath test or p~ Pl~sma P¥ scintigraphy had no significant corre- 80[cont ro1~T lation with plasma PYY levels in pouch ~ T ~ / I - ' ~ or control groups. There was an in- phi ~ ± ~ ±~z--T verse correlation between incontinence =~I /~ ~___~._~ and transit time (r=-0.30, P=O.13), but 1 O z ~ - - = - = this did not reach stat ist ical signi- I ficance. In contrast to the dog model, LPp. L~n plasma PYY in ileoanal pouch patients 0 6O 120 ~80~'~ are significantly lower than controls and do not appear to be related to intestinal transit time. Manometry showed a positive correlation between the time to defecation and mean maxlmum resting (r=0.47, P:O.O08) and squeezing (r=O.5O, P=O.O05) anal pressures and pressure vector volume (r=0.56, P=O.O01). These findings suggest that defecation time after feeding is dependent on sphincter integrity, but not related to PYY levels in humans.

O ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN NEURAL ELEMENTS OF THE OPOSSUM GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. R.M. Thomas. S. Fang, J.L. Conklin, L.W. Oberley, J. Christensen. Department of Internal Medicine and Radiation Research Lab,. University of Iowa College of Medicine, and VA Medical Center. Iowa City, IA 52240.

Back2round: Superoxide radical (O2") is a reactive molecule that inhibits the activity of nitric oxide (NO) by combining with it to form peroxinitrite, a reactive and cytotoxic molecule. The antioxidant enzymes copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu Zn SOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) convert O2' to H202, and catalase (CAT) converts H202 to H20 and 02. The rapid clearance of O2" by these enzyme systems protects the biological activity of NO in several cellular systems. Since NO is essential for the normal neuromuscular function of the gut, we might expecl to find these protecti,~e enzyme systems in close proximity to cellular elements producing NO. Methods : We used immunohistochemical techniques to explore the cellular locations of the antioxidant enzymes in the opossum esophagus, small intestine, sphincter of Oddi and colon. Cross- sections measuring ten microns in thickness were cut from opossum gastrointestinal organs with a cryostat. The avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method was used with the following rabbit antisera: anti-human erythrocyte Cu Zn SOD. anti-human kidney Mn SOD and anti-human erythrocyte CAT /dilutions of 1:100-1:300). Results: In the esophagus, small intestine and colon Mn SOD-. Cu Zn SOD- and CAT- immunoreactivity (-it) was observed in the ganglia and interganglionic bundles of the myenteric plexus, and the ganglia of the submucous plexus. The antioxidant enzymes were also present in the ganglia and interganglionic bundles of the plexus external to the muscle layers of the sphincter of Oddi. Sparse CAT-Jr nerve fibers were observed in the circular muscular layer of the esophagus. Mn SOD-it was observed in the interstitial cells of Cajal of the plexus submucosus extremus (Stach's plexus) of the colon. Conc lus ions : Antioxidant enzymes are present in the neurons of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses throughout the opossum gastrointestinal tract where they may serve to protect NO-mediated gastrointestinal function. The presence of Mn SOD-ir in the interstitial cells of Cajal may provide insight into their cellular function.