interview with the future, dr michaël laitman

7/30/2019 Interview with the Future, Dr Michal Laitman

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3 ng ?76 Bd}erwbeq Qb}` ]è Gu}ure

\_EGCFE

\cr} 39 C Vfbedfe }n Udmerv}cdm _echb}

3$ C @bmmed Qnrhm

?$ Arcwb}6$ ]è \nqer ng c Mbref}em mevbre

=$ \rn|er Mewehn|ked}

5$ ]è vbd ng Frec}bnd cdm }è Fnrref}bnd

C$ ]è Vbd

O$ ]è Hcqv ng Fnrref}bnd

7$ Bd }è Edm ng Mcv

1$ ]è V|brb}uch Aede cdm }è_ev`bkn}

\cr} ?9 _echbybda }è F`nbfe

3$ ]è Greemnk }n F`nnve

?$ Fnd}rnhhbda K Nqd Mev}bd

6$ ]è Gnur Eheked}v }`c} Fnk|rbve Uv

=$ ]è _ba`} Edwbrndked}

5$ ]è Hcq ng Esubwchedfe ng C}}rbou}ev

7$ ]è |nqer ng }`nua`}

1$ C F`nved \en|he

0$ \erkbvvbnd }n \rcf}bfe Jcoochc`

2$ C Jcoochbv}bf _echb}

3


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? ng ?76 Bd}erwbeq Qb}` ]è Gu}ure

5$ V}umbda Jcoochc` Qèd Rnu Cre Dn} C

Jcoochbv}

7$ ]è Hcdaucae ng }è Jcoochc`

1$ ]è Vnfbch Bk|hbfc}bndv ng Jcoochc`0$ Jcoochc` cdm Emufc}bnd

2$ Cmèvbnd Qb}` }è Frec}nr

3

5$ ]è _efnadb}bnd ng Ewbh

7$ ]è Mevbre }n _efebwe bd V|brb}uchb}

1$ ]è Ocrrber Oegnre V|brb}uchb}

0$ Oe}qeed Kcd cdm c Qnkcd

2$ Nr}`nmnp cdm Vefuhcr3


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6$ Corc`ck }è \c}rbcrf`

=$ Knvev }è ]nrc` cdm }è Hcdaucae ng }è

Orcdfèv

5$ _coob V`bknd Ocr+Rnf`c7$ ]è Crb

1$ _coob Reùmc Cv`hca

0$ _coob Ocruf` Cv`hca

2$ Jcoochbv}v Conu} Jcoochc`

C||edmbp O Grnk }è Qrb}bdav ng Occh @cvuchk

3$ Bd}erdchb} cdm Ep}erdchb}

?$ Bvrceh Rcv`cr Eh6$ ]è @nrd ng }è Kevvbc`


4/263

= ng ?76 Bd}erwbeq Qb}` ]è Gu}ure

\regcfe

Nu} ng chh jdnqd frec}urev kcd bv }è knv} fnk|he}e$ Re}

b} bv è q`n cvjv `bkvehg }è e}erdch suev}bnd }`c} jee|vgcfbda `bk bd ewer aederc}bnd9 q`c} bv }è |ur|nve ng

frec}bnd>

Vfbed}bv}v `cwe oeed }rbda }n gbdm }è recvnd gnr kcdv

epbv}edfe gnr fed}urbev e} gcbhem }n gbdm }è cdvqer$ ]è

suev}bnd arnqv knre cdm knre cfu}e qb}` ecf` |cvvbda

aederc}bnd oefcuve }è |cbdv mn dn} mefrecve cdm }è

v}ruaahe gnr vurwbwch fnd}bduev$ @edfe b} bv sub}e |nvvbohe

}`c} }è cdvqer bv dn} qb}`bd nur recf` cdm vfbedfe vbk|hfcddn} cdvqer b}$

Ou} b} bv dn} iuv} conu} }è suev}bnd + q` mn }`bdav epbv}

ou} chvn conu} }è suev}bnd9 q`c} ck B hbwbda gnr> ]è

ewnhu}bndcr |rnfevvev ng dc}ure cdm hbwbda nracdbvkv

cv}ndbv` uv qb}` }èbr bdfndfebwcohe fnd}rcmbf}bndv$ Gnr

epck|he9 c fuo kc}urev bd c kc}}er ng qeejv nr c geq

knd}`v q`bhe c ùkcd bdgcd} deemv kcd ecrv }n arnq$

Ndh c} }è edm ng }è |rnfevv mn nu vee }`c} b} bv è q`n

bv }è Hnrm ng Frec}bnd$ @nqewer murbda }è }rcdvb}bnd

|`cvev kcd bv kuf` qecjer }`cd cd n}èr cdbkch$

B} bv ckcybda }n vee }è fnd}rcmbf}bnd oe}qeed }è

kc}urc}bnd ng kcd cdm }`c} ng cd n}èr cdbkch$ Bg qe mbm

dn} jdnq }è gbdch nu}fnke qe qnuhm recf` }è n||nvb}e

fndfhuvbnd }`c} b} bv }è fuo }`c} qbhh oefnke }è Hnrm ng

Frec}bnd cdm }è ùkcd qbhh hecm c ob}}er hbge cdm mbe$@edfe qe mn dn} udmerv}cdm }è kecdbda ng rechb} nr }è

hnabf bd }è |rnfevv ng ewnhu}bnd$

Qe |erfebwe }è qnrhm }`rnua` nur gbwe vedvev$ Q`c} qe

|erfebwe o vba`} vnudm vkehh }cv}e cdm }nuf` }èd udb}e

}n gnrk }è bkcae ng }è qnrhm crnudm uv$ ]èregnre bg qe

`cm n}èr vedvev qe qnuhm geeh }è qnrhm mbggered}h$ B} bv

fnkknd jdnqhemae }`c} mnav vee }è qnrhm }`rnua`

}èbr vedve ng vkehh cdm }n }è oeev }è qnrhm c||ecrvmbwbmem bd}n obhhbndv ng fehhv$

]ùv qe |erfebwe ndh c vkchh |nr}bnd ng chh }`c} epbv}v

crnudm uv cdm bd c wer hbkb}em rcdae$ Bv b} |nvvbohe }n geeh


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ewer}`bda crnudm uv> Fcd b} oe }`c} }`bv bv qère }è

vefre} }n }è |ur|nve ng nur epbv}edfe hbev>

Bg }`bv bv vn }èd qe deem cdn}èr vedve c vbp}` vedve c

vedvnr }n q`c} qe fcddn} geeh qb}` }è n}èr gbwe vedvev$@nq fcd qe cfsubre }`c} vedve> Q` cre qe dn} abwed

}`c} vedve c} obr}`>

]ère bv c vbk|he cdvqer }n }`c}9 kcd kuv} mewehn| b}

`bkvehg$ Kcd bv wer mbggered} bd `bv mewehn|ked} }n chh

n}èr frec}urev$ @e cfsubrev nr mewehn|v ewer}`bda o

`bkvehg qb}` c ùkcd knrch eggnr}$

B} bv |refbveh }`c} vedve }`c} mbggered}bc}ev kcd grnk }è

oecv}$ Nu} ng chh hbwbda frec}urev kcd bv }è ndh nde q`n`cv }è cobhb} }n mewehn| cdm mbvfnwer bd `bkvehg }`c}

`bmmed vedve cdm mewehn| b}$

Kcd ewnhwev arcmuchh grnk aederc}bnd }n aederc}bnd$ @e

ewnhwev }ef`dnhnabfchh vfbed}bgbfchh fuh}urchh ou} dn}

e}`bfchh$ C} c fer}cbd |nbd} bd ewnhu}bnd ùkcdb} kuv}

geeh }è deem gnr v|brb}uch mewehn|ked} nr ehve b} qbhh dn}

edmure$ Cg}er }`c} ùkcdb} v`nuhm geeh cd bdder deem }n

mbvfnwer }`c} ep}rc `bmmed vedve$ ]è ke}`nm }`c} qcv

abwed }n kcdjbdm gnr }è mbvfnwer ng }`c} vedve bv fchhem

Jcoochc`$

]è ewnhu}bnd ng ùkcdb} bv hbje }è ewnhu}bnd ng }è

bdmbwbmuch9 B} ewnhwev }`rnua` bdgcdf f`bhm`nnm

cmnhevfedfe cdm cmuh}`nnm$ Murbda }`bv |rnfevv b} u}bhbyev

ewer kecdv c} b}v mbv|nvch$ ]èd qèd kcd mbvfnwerv

}`c} ep}rc vedve qb}`bd `bk è oeabdv }n geeh c qbmerqnrhm crnudm `bk }n vee }è kecdbda ng hbge }è recvnd

gnr }è |cbd }è |ur|nve ng epbv}edfe cdm c hn} knre$

]`nve geehbdav edcohe `bk }n fnd}rnh }è qnrhm }n u|rnn}

}è vnurfe ng |cbd cdm ècm }nqcrm }è anch c}}cbd b} cdm

arcv| }è kecdbda ng hbge$


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\cr} 3 C Vfbedfe }n Udmerv}cdm

_echb}


7/263


C @bmmed Qnrhm

Bd nrmer }n revecrf` b}vehg cdm }è vurrnudmbdav ùkcdb}

`cv mewehn|em wcrbnuv vfbedfev vuf` cv |`vbfv fèkbv}r

obnhna e}f$ ]è cre fchhem Dc}urch Vfbedfev cdm }è creocvem nd kcdv gbwe vedvev$ Bd nrmer }n èh| `bkvehg qb}`

v}umbda dc}ure kcd oubh} bdv}ruked}v }n ep}edm }è rcdae

ng `bv vedvev$ Arcmuchh grnk aederc}bnd }n aederc}bnd

kcd acbdem ep|erbedfe cdm recfèm c oe}}er udmerv}cdmbda

ng }è |rnohek ng vurwbwch bd }`bv qnrhm$ Ou} cknda chh

vfbedfev }ère bv nde }`c} mewehn|v uv sub}e mbggered}h: b}

bv fchhem }è vfbedfe ng Jcoochc`$Oendm }è fnr|nrech qnrhm }`c} qe revecrf` }ère bv

cdn}èr qnrhm fndfechem$ ]`nua` qe fcddn} vee b} qe mn

geeh b}v epbv}edfe$ Ou} q` mn qe cvvuke b}v epbv}edfe bg

qe fcddn} geeh b}> B} bv oefcuve qe vee }`c} }ère cre

v|efbgbf hcqv q`bf` cre c |cr} ng c orncmer rechb}$ Qe

udmerv}cdm }`c} vuf` aederch knre rc}bndch hcqv q`bf`

mevfrboe nur hbwev cdm nur epbv}edfe fnk|reèdvbweh

vbk|h kuv} epbv}$ ]ère bv vnke}`bda }`c} ehumev uv vhb|vnur cqcredevv$

@edfe }ère bv vnke}`bda crnudm uv qe fcddn} arcv|$ Ou}

`nq fcd qe fnke }n arcv| b} bg qe mnd} `cwe }è

c||rn|rbc}e vedvev> Fcd qe frec}e }èk nr cfsubre }èk

bd nrmer }n geeh c knre fnk|he}e cdm rech frec}bnd>

B} bv sub}e |nvvbohe }`c} }`bv frec}bnd mnev epbv} crnudm uv

bd chh b}v hcerv ou} qe mbwbme b} }n }è c||reèdmem |cr}

qe fchh nur qnrhm nr }`bv qnrhm cdm }è cv e} udgeh}hcer$ Bg qe `cm n}èr vedvev ch}`nua` b}v `crm gnr uv }n

vee b} qe qnuhm |rnocoh chvn geeh }è qnrhm mbggered}h

|er`c|v qb}` c orncmer cdm mee|er wbvbnd$ Ou} vuf` vedvev

mnd} epbv} cdm vn qe vugger$ Qe mnd} jdnq `nq }n

oe`cwe qb}` nde cdn}èr cdm qb}` nur vurrnudmbdav: qe

mnd} vee nur |cv} cdm gu}ure hbwev$

Qèd mechbda qb}` c vfbed}bgbf v}um ng }è qnrhm qefnke }n c v}cae qère nur jdnqhemae bv ep`cuv}em cdm

qere heg} èh|hevv$ ]`nua` }ère cre kcd qcv }n

ed`cdfe nur cobhb} }n |rembf} }è gu}ure oendm }è


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onudmcrbev ng nur reauhcr vedvev }è bd gcf} cmm wer

hb}}he$ Qe cre fc|cohe ng c}}cbdbda wer hbkb}em cobhb}bev }n

|rembf} ou} qe dewer cf`bewe fhecr jdnqhemae ng }è

gu}ure cdm fnk|he}e c}}cbdked}$ ]`bv fcd oe cf`bewem ndhqèd qe cre cf}bda bd guhh fnn|erc}bnd qb}` }è qnrhm

crnudm uv$

Kcd bv c `ba`h mewehn|em frec}ure$ Ou} }è knre

ùkcdb} mewehn|v }è knre bdmbwbmuchv geeh èh|hevv cdm

hnv}$ Qe vee }`c} }è mewehn|ked} ng vfbedfe cdm revecrf`

bd}n }è qnrhm crnudm uv `cwe gcbhem }n abwe uv }è revuh}v

qe qere `n|bda gnr$ @edfe qe kuv} gcfe }è gcf} }`c} }è

vnhu}bnd }n }è |rnohek bv gnudm bd nur vedvev }èkvehwev$]ère bv c wer cffurc}e ke}`nm }`c} mewehn|v cd

cmmb}bndch vedve fchhem }è vbp}` vedve c vfreed nr c

re}urdbda hba`} }`c} abwev uv }è cobhb} }n vee cdm geeh

}`c} |cr} ng rechb} qe fcd} |erfebwe qb}` nur dnrkch

vedvev$

Qe refebwe nur gbwe vedvev c} obr}` ou} qe nurvehwev kuv}

mewehn| }è vbp}` vedve$

Cd bdmbwbmuch bv vummedh vukkndem grnk conwe: è

geehv fnk|ehhem }n ep|erbedfe c knre fnk|reèdvbwe

rechb} cdm }ùv }è deem }n mewehn| }è vbp}` vedve bv onrd$

]`bv bv c arcmuch |rnfevv$ @ukcdb} bv fndv}cd}h

ewnhwbda b}v mevbrev cv qehh cv }`nve ng }è bdmbwbmuch

f`cdae fnd}bdunuvh$ C} gbrv} }è cbk c} |`vbfch

|hecvurev nd cd cdbkch heweh }è edinked} ng gnnm vep

cdm gckbh }bev$ ]èd }è mevbre vc}bvgcf}bnd nd c ùkcdheweh veejbda qech}` |nqer rev|ef} cdm jdnqhemae$ Ndh

cg}er chh }`nve mevbrev cre rechbyem }ère c||ecrv }è qbv`

}n c}}cbd }è vuohbke rechb} }n c}}cbd cd evvedfe oendm

}è vedvev$

]è gbrv} |rnk|}bda }n vedve c rechb} oendm nurvehwev bv

fchhem }è ge}uv ng }è vbp}` vedve$ Grnk }`bv v}cae nd

}è mewehn|ked} ng }è vbp}` vedve qbhh me|edm nd }è

bdmbwbmuch `bkvehg$ ]`c} vedve fcddn} oe mewehn|em bdbvnhc}bnd ou} qe cre cohe }n uve c v|efbch vv}ek }`c} `cv

oeed abwed }n ùkcdb}$ B} bv fchhem }è qbvmnk ng

Jcoochc`$


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Bd ecf` aederc}bnd }ère cre |en|he q`n refebwe c

|rnk|}bda grnk conwe cdm geeh }è deem }n mewehn| }`bv

vbp}` vedve$ ]èd vnke`nq }ève |en|he gbdm }è onnjv

cdm }è }ecfèrv q`n fcd èh| }èk mewehn|$ ]ève}ecfèrv cre fchhem Jcoochbv}v grnk }è qnrm Jcoochc`

(refebwbda" oefcuve }è refebwe }`c} jdnqhemae cdm

fndwe b} }n uv$ ]è fndwe }èbr bk|revvbndv ng }èbr

ep|erbedfev cdm ke}`nm vn }`c} qe }nn fcd c}}cbd }èbr

mearee ng v|brb}uchh$ ]è v|ecj ng }è qc cd bdmbwbmuch

cfsubrev }è mevbre }n c}}cbd }è cf}uch rechb} cg}er è `cv

chrecm rechbyem `bv mevbrev gnr qech}` |nqer rev|ef} cdm

jdnqhemae$Bd }è edm qe kuv} chh fnke }n c vb}uc}bnd bg dn} bd }`bv

hbge }èd bd }è dep} qe kuv} c}}cbd }è vb}uc}bnd qère

nde hbwev vbkuh}cdenuvh bd chh hewehv ng rechb}$ Qe kuv}

geeh }`bv dn} ndh }`rnua` nur gbwe vedvev cv qe chh mn ou}

}`rnua` }è deq vedve cv qehh$ ]`bv qbhh edvure nur bdder

|ecfe cdm fnk|he}e }rcdsubhb}$

]è mewehn|ked} ng }`c} bdder wevveh fchhem }è vbp}`

vedve bv gnrkem o }è nrmer ng fcuve cdm eggef} nr o

}è |rckbm |rbdfb|he nd q`bf` }è q`nhe ng kcdjbdm bv

oubh}$ ]è vbp}` vedve bv cqcjedem bd c fer}cbd }|e ng

|ervnd nde q`n bv c} }è }n| ng }è |rckbm$

]è |en|he q`nve vedve mewehn|em gbrv} qere fchhem

@eoreqv grnk }è @eoreq qnrm Ewer (nwer" }n an nwer

}è ocrrber }è nu}erknv} fbrfhe bd nur qnrhm$ ]è

\c}rbcrf` Corc`ck qcv }è gbrv} }n frnvv nwer grnk }èhbkb}em vedvc}bnd ng }`bv qnrhm }n }è vedvc}bnd ng }è

u||er qnrhm$ ]è mevfedmcd}v ng Corc`ck cre }è }n| ng

}è |rckbm bd q`bf` }è vbp}` vedve qbhh mewehn|$ Ou} }`bv

bv ndh }è oeabddbda ng ùkcdb}v mewehn|ked}$ ]è

|rn|è}v vc }`c} bd }è gu}ure chh kcdjbdm qbhh `cwe }n

c}}cbd }`c} heweh ng mewehn|ked} kecdbda }è vedvc}bnd ng

}è q`nhe ng rechb} c ondmbda qb}` }è u||er gnrfev cdm

guhh fnk|reèdvbnd ng }è ffhe ng hbge$ Ewernde qbhh `cwe}n c}}cbd cd epbv}edfe oendm }è fndfe|}v ng hbge cdm mec}`

cv qe jdnq }èk cdm qbhh }èd epbv} c} chh hewehv ng rechb}$


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3< ng ?76 Bd}erwbeq Qb}` ]è Gu}ure

Chh |cv} Jcoochbv}v `cwe |nbd}em }n nur }bke cv }è }urdbda

|nbd} qèd kbhhbndv ng |en|he qnuhm oeabd }n cmc|}

}èkvehwev }n }è v|brb}uch rechk cdm qnuhm mewehn| c

vbp}` vedve$ Chh |rewbnuv aederc}bndv qere c |re|crc}bndgnr }`bv }urdbda |nbd}$ ]`nve aederc}bndv qed} }`rnua` c

|rnfevv fchhem }è mefhbde ng }è vnuhv$ Bd }`c} |rnfevv }è

vnuh mevfedmv grnk b}v u||erknv} v}c}e bd }è qnrhm ngEbd

Vng (Bdgbdb}" cdm anev hnqer cdm hnqer }`rnua` kcd

qnrhmv mnqd }n nur nqd$ ]èd ndfe bd nur qnrhm }è

vnuh fnd}bduev }n mevfedm }`rnua` }è aederc}bndv }`rnua`

}è rubd ng }è gbrv} cdm vefndm }ek|hev cdm }è gnur

epbhev$ Bd nur aederc}bnd }è hnda epbhe `cv edmem$ Grnkdnq nd }ère bv ndh cd cvfed} ng vnuhv$

Chh }è Jcoochbv}v oegnre nur }bke qere |en|he q`n

|re|crem }è vv}ek ng }è cvfed} gnr uv$ Qe bd nur

aederc}bnd cre }è arnu| ng vnuhv }`c} qcv inbdem }nae}èr

}n oefnke }è gbrv} bd }è hbde ng }è fnhhef}bwe arnu| ng

vnuhv }n rbve qb}` nur wevvehv }n cf}uchh ehewc}e bd nur

ekn}bndv$

Bg nu v}um }è }ep}v ng }è Crb cdm }è onnjv ng Occh

@cVuhck nu qbhh gbdm }`c} }è vc ewer}`bda wer

vbk|h$ ]`c} bv }è recvnd q` bd nur }bke }è Jcoochc`

bv oeabddbda }n oe knre n|ed cdm knre qbmeh |uohbfbyem$

Ewed vn ndh c `cdmguh ng uv udmerv}cdm q`c} Jcoochc` bv

conu} q` b} bv fchhem c vfbedfe q` b} qcv fndfechem cdm

q` b} fnkev }n |en|he bd vuf` c udbsue qc$ @nqewer

}è c}}rcf}bnd }n v|brb}uchb} chrecm epbv}v cdm ewer ndefcd geeh b} }`nua` Jcoochbv}v `cm chrecm v|njed conu} b}

kcd aederc}bndv can$

Qèd c |ervnd mewehn|v c fhecr deem }n udmerv}cdm }è

u||er rechb} è kuv} v}cr} mewehn|bda }è |nbd} bd }è

ècr}$ @e `cv }n v}cr} oubhmbda }è vbp}` vedve uvbda }è

vv}ek ng Jcoochc`$ ]è |rnfevv }cjev vewerch ecrv$ ]è

vedve arnqv vhnqh cdm ewnhwev: }è bdmbwbmuch oeabdv }n

geeh }è nu}er qnrhm }è qnrhm ng }è fcuvev$ @e bv }èdabwed c |refbve wbvbnd ng }è recvndv gnr ewed}v bd nur

qnrhm oefcuve è fcd chrecm vee }è nrbabd ng }è recvndv


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cdm }è fndfhuvbnd ng chh cf}v chh gnrfev chh nur mevbrev

cdm }`nua`}v$

Qe fcd vee chh }`c} dn} qb}` nur gbwe vedvev ou} ndh qb}`

}è vbp}` vedve$ ]è vehg ng kcd }`c} q`bf` oehndav }n`bv evvedfe bv geh} ndh bd }è vbp}` vedve$ Grnk }è

knked} }`c} vedve mewehn|v }è bdmbwbmuch oeabdv }n geeh

q`c} qe fchh }è vnuh$

Nde bv reqcrmem bd }qn qcv9 gbrv} è oeabdv }n vee `nq

}`nua`}v cdm mevbrev |cvv grnk `bk }n n}èrv: è

udmerv}cdmv `nq è refebwev }`nua`}v grnk n}èrv nr bv

bdghuedfem o }èk$ @e oeabdv }n vee `nq }è qnrhm

qnrjv cdm `nq ewer}`bda rehc}ev }n }è vurrnudmbdadc}ure cdm re}urdv ocfj }n `bk$ ]è fndfe|} ng }bke

wcdbvèv ch}nae}èr cdm }è |ervnd veev ewer}`bda c} ndfe

|cv} |reved} cdm gu}ure + }è rech kecdbda ng }è qnrm

}bke$

]è vefndm reqcrm bv }`c} dn} ndh mnev }è bdmbwbmuch vee

ewer}`bda ou} è chvn v}cr}v }n cfsubre c fnrref}

udmerv}cdmbda ng q`c} bv `c||edbda crnudm `bk$ @e

cfsubrev }è cobhb} }n bdghuedfe |rnwbmedfe cdm vn fcd

bdghuedfe }è qnrhm grnk }è nu}vbme$ ]ùv b} bv |nvvbohe

dn} ndh }n |rembf} }è gu}ure ou} chvn }n frec}e }è

gu}ure$

]ève gnrfev c||ecr bd kcd }n }è ep}ed} }`c} è anev

oendm `bv nqd dc}ure cdm oeabdv }n }`bdj bd }erkv ng }è

u||er qnrhm$

Chh }ève }`bdav cre rech cdm chh ng uv qb}`nu} epfe|}bndfcd c}}cbd }èk$ ]è fnhhef}bwe hcq ng frec}bnd kcjev b}

defevvcr gnr ecf` ng uv }n cmwcdfe }n }`c} v}c}e$ @nqewer

ùkcdb} bv qchjbda }nqcrm }`bv rechb} udfndvfbnuvh

cacbdv} b}v qbhh$ C |ervnd q`n oeabdv }n cmwcdfe qbhhbdah

}nqcrm }è anch cdm q`n qbvèv }n c}}cbd cf}uch rechb} cdm

}è v|brb}uch hbge vuf` c |ervnd dn hndaer geehv qnrhmh

|cbdv cdm |revvurev ou} bkkembc}eh veev }`c} dc}ure cdm

}è udbwerve cre gbhhem qb}` annm dn} ewbh$


12/263

3? ng ?76 Bd}erwbeq Qb}` ]è Gu}ure

Arcwb}

_echb} fndvbv}v ng }qn eheked}v9 Frec}nr cdm frec}ure$ Qe

geeh }`bv bd nur vedvev bd wcrbnuv qcv ou} b} bv udf`cdabdabd cdm ng b}vehg$ ]è frec}ure c} q`bf` geehv }è Frec}nr

cdm }è vedvc}bnd ng }è Frec}nr bv q`c} qe fchh }è

qnrhm cdm frec}bnd$ ]è frec}ure fcd vnke}bkev

vedve }`c} }è Frec}nr bv oebda |cr}bchh nr guhh rewechem }n

`bk: c} n}èr }bkev @e bv ch}nae}èr fndfechem$ ]è

frec}ure kc ewed hcfj cqcredevv ng }è Frec}nr

ch}nae}èr$ ]è ep}ed} ng cqcredevv ng }è Frec}nr me|edmv

vnheh nd }è frec}ure `bkvehg oefcuve }è Frec}nr hbje}è vud dewer v}n|v v`bdbda$

]è Frec}nr `cv }è c}}rbou}ev ng oev}nqch cdm

oedewnhedfe$

Qèd }è frec}ure cfsubrev Frec}nr+hbje c}}rbou}ev }`bv

v}c}e bv fchhem Esubwchedfe ng Gnrk qb}` }è Frec}nr$ ]è

bdmbwbmuch }èd vedvev }è Frec}nr cv guhh rewechem$ @e

vedvev }è Frec}nr bd }è epcf} cknud} }`c} `bv c}}rbou}ev

revekohe }`nve ng }è Frec}nr$ Qèd }è c}}rbou}ev ng c

|ervnd cre bdfnk|c}bohe qb}` }`nve ng }è Frec}nr è geehv

}è Frec}nr bv fndfechem$ Qèd }ève c}}rbou}ev n||nve

}`nve ng }è Frec}nrv }è bdmbwbmuch geehv }è Frec}nr mnev

dn} ewed epbv}$

]è frec}ure geehv }è Frec}nr cv |hecvure cv qbvmnk cdm

|ecfe cdm q`nhedevv$ ]èregnre }è bd}edvb} ng }`nve

vedvc}bndv me|edmv nd }è bd}edvb} ng }è vedvc}bnd ng }èFrec}nr$ ]è Frec}nr gnrkem c frec}ure q`n qcd}v }n geeh

`bk nr bd n}èr qnrmv }è hba`} ng }è Frec}nr frec}em c

wevveh q`bf` qe fchh }è mevbre }n refebwe nr eanbvk$

]è Frec}nr bv |erfebwem o }è frec}ure cv |hecvure bd chh

b}v kcdbgev}c}bndv$ \hecvure kecdv }è vedvc}bnd ng }è

Frec}nr nr }è hba`} ng }è Frec}nr q`bf` cre cf}uchh nde

cdm }è vcke$

C frec}ure bv c mevbre }n mehba`} bd }è Frec}nr$ ]è fhnver Bgeeh }n }è Frec}nr }è knre B edin$ ]è gur}èr è bv

grnk ke }è hevv B edin ud}bh k vedvc}bndv cre }urdem }n

|cbd$ Kcd `bkvehg me}erkbdev }è ep}ed} }n q`bf` è geehv


13/263


14/263

3= ng ?76 Bd}erwbeq Qb}` ]è Gu}ure

eggef} ewed }`nua` kcd kc dn} jdnq ng }è epbv}edfe ng

}è Frec}nr nr geeh @bk + cdm ewed bg è medbev @bk

mnevd} udmerv}cdm @bv cf}bndv nr gcbhv }n iuv}bg @bk

ch}nae}èr$


15/263


]è \nqer ng c Mbref}em mevbre

]è Frec}nr frec}ev }è mevbre: q`bf` bv c abwed fndv}cd}$

B} rbvev grnk oehnq grnk qb}`bd uv cdm vurgcfev bd wcrbnuvbd}edvb}bev$ ]è cbk `nqewer bv }n f`cdae }è mevbre grnk

c fnrru|}em qbv` }n refebwe gnr }è vehg chnde }n c

fnrref}em mevbre fchhem gnr }è vcje ng }è Frec}nr$ Ewed

cd nrmbdcr |ervnd nde q`n bv dn} c Jcoochbv} fcd rcbve

KCD}`rnua` `bv }`nua`}v mevbrev cdm cbkv oefcuve }ère

bv chqcv c mevbre bd `bv kbdm }n refebwe grnk }è Frec}nr

}`nua` è kc dn} refnadbye @bv epbv}edfe$ Bg }è mevbre bv

frufbch }n }`bv |ervnd è qbhh cf} ewed bg b} bv }n `crkcdn}èr |ervnd q`bf` bv fchhem }è ewbh ee$

Kcd bv dn} gree }n f`nnve `bv |cred}v nr `bv |ervndchb}$ Bg

è bv onrd c Ieq }èd cffnrmbda }n }è qnrm Ieq è

kuv} c}}cbd udbgbfc}bnd cmèvbnd qb}` }è Frec}nr$ ]è

Ieq mnevd} `cwe c f`nbfe$ @e kuv} |ergnrk `bv }cvj cdm

`cv dnqère }n rud grnk }`bv nohbac}bnd hbje Indc` q`n

qcd}em }n evfc|e }è kbvvbnd }è Frec}nr `cm cvvbadem `bk

}n mn$ Ewernde bd Bvrceh kuv} |ergnrk }è kbvvbnd }`c}

qcv abwed }n `bk nr èr$

]`bv kbvvbnd fcd oe cf`bewem o }`nua`} cbk cdm qbhh$

Qe cre chh nohbac}em }n guhgbhh b} reacrmhevv ng nur vnfbch nr

gbdcdfbch v}c}uv nr qè}èr nr}`nmnp nr vefuhcr$ Ewer nde

kuv} jdnq }`c} mev}bd fcd oe f`cdaem ndh o bdder cf}v

q`bf` kecdv o nur mevbrev$

Qe kuv} }urd }n }è u||er gnrfe cdm c||rncf` @bk$ ]èwer decrdevv bv ednua`$ ]è Frec}nr qcd}v }`c} c||rncf`

gbrv} grnk }è |en|he ng Bvrceh cdm }èd grnk }è rev} ng

kcdjbdm$ B} bv nur gcuh} }`c} }è q`nhe ng ùkcdb} bv v}bhh

udcohe }n ondm qb}` }è Frec}nr$ Qe cre mnuoh aubh}

ère cv dn} ndh mn qe }è Ieqv dn} kcje |rnarevv ou}

o gcbhbda }n mn vn qe |rewed} }è |rnarevv ng }è rev} ng

kcdjbdm$

]è Frec}nrv hba`} q`bf` mrcqv uv chh }nqcrmv @bk bv }n}è frec}urev }è nde cdm ndh hcq ng frec}bnd$ ]`bv gnrfe

ng arcwb} gbrv} cggef}v uv cdm }èd }è rev} ng }è dc}bndv$

]è gnrfe cqcjedv uv }`rnua` |cbd bd nrmer }n kcje uv


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c||rncf` @bk$ Qèd kcd gcbhv }n qcd} }è Frec}nr o

`bkvehg è bv |uvèm }n b} o |cbd$

Qe qbhh oe c} ecve ndh bg qe cwnbm }`bv gnrfe oegnre b} cf}v

nd uv o mrcqbda nurvehwev }nqcrm }è Frec}nr ng nur nqdcffnrm$ ]`bv bv }è |rnarevv bd }è \c}` ng Hba`} cv

n||nvem }n |rnarevv bd }è \c}` ng \cbd$

Qèd qe }è Ieqv mn q`c} qe kuv} }è ed}bre qnrhm

qbhh vu||nr} cdm gnhhnq uv$ Ewernde qbhh vee }è oedegb}

qe orbda }n kcdjbdm cdm qbhh qcd} }n èh| uv `nqewer

}è fcd$ Nur anch cdm nur cf}bndv me}erkbde }è

cmwcdfeked} ng kcdjbdm }nqcrm }è Frec}nr$ Cdm }èd

nur edekbev qbhh mbvc||ecr cv qehh$ ]ère cre arnu|v }`c}chrecm oehbewe }`c} b} bv qe q`n kuv} hbwe nd }`bv hcdm ng

Bvrceh cdm oubhm }è }`brm ]ek|he$ ]è |rn|è}v chvn vcbm

}`c} }è dc}bndv qnuhm èh| uv oubhm b}$

Nur vb}uc}bnd me|edmv vnheh nd `nq qe rehc}e }n }è u||er

gnrfe }`c} |uhhv uv }nqcrmv b}$ B} bv dn} c suev}bnd ng

|nhb}bfv cdm c}}ek|}v }n |hecve nur edekbev qbhh dn} mn uv

cd annm eb}èr$ Nur vb}uc}bnd me|edmv dn} nd nur

qbhhbdadevv }n |rcf}bfe }è reauhcr Kb}ywn} (|refe|}v"

oefcuve }è Frec}nr qcd}v }è ècr} dn} c kef`cdbfch cf}$

Qe kuv} c}}cbd }è v|brb}uch meareev ng }è |refe|}v

kecdbda }n jee| }è hcq ng frec}bnd bd }è v|brb}$ B} bv

bk|nvvbohe }n jee| c v|brb}uch hcq cv }`nua` b} qere c

kef`cdbfch hcq oefcuve }è kecdbda ng jee|bda c

v|brb}uch hcq bv esubwchedfe qb}` b} }n oe bdvbme b} bmed}bfch

qb}` b}$Bg nur mevbre gnr }è Frec}nr bv v}rndaer }`cd }è gnrfe

qb}` q`bf` @e |uhhv nu }n @bk }èd nu cre bd

v|brb}uchb} cdm |nvvev nur nqd v|brb}uch cbk (c vfreed"

nur nqd v|brb}uch |nqer$ ]`c} kecdv }`c} }ère bv c

vfreed nwer nur eanbvk cdm nur c}}rcf}bnd gnr }è

Frec}nr bv }`rnua` nur mevbre }n abwe }n @bk q`bf` bv

dnq v}rndaer }`cd nur eanbvk q`bf` |uvèv nu

ocfjqcrmv$Bd nrmer }n rekcbd bd v|brb}uchb} c |ervnd kuv} v}rcbd }n cf}

cacbdv} `bv nqd dc}ure ewer vefndm$ ]ère bv dn vuf`

fndfe|} bd v|brb}uchb} cv c rev} nr |cuve nr mnbda dn}`bda$


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Nde kuv} fndv}cd}h v}rbwe }n bdfrecve ndev eggnr}v c deem

}`c} v}ekv grnk }è deem }n abwe }n oev}nq$

Bg `nqewer c |ervndv mevbre mnev dn} arnq è gchhv bd}n

}è `cdmv ng }è Vb}rc Cf`rc (Crckcbf9 N}èr Vbme" }èvv}ek ng }è mcrj gnrfev bk|urb}$ B} bv ère cdm ndh

ère }`c} qe `cwe greemnk ng f`nbfe cdm }`c} bv abwed }n

uv grnk conwe$ ]è knked} c |ervnd fcd dn hndaer kcje

cd eggnr} `bv greemnk bv medbem cdm }è c}}b}ume }nqcrm

`bk grnk conwe bkkembc}eh oefnkev u}}erh deac}bwe$

]è Frec}nr oefnkev fndfechem cdm }è bdmbwbmuch oeabdv

}n geeh `bv edwbrndked} dc}ure vnfbe} cdm `bv edekbev +

cre |hcfbda nov}cfhev bd `bv qc$ Ou} dc}ure cdm vnfbe}cdm `bv edekbev cre ndh fnv}ukev ng }è Frec}nr$ ]è

knre nde mewbc}ev grnk `bv mevbre }n gnfuv `bkvehg nd }è

fed}er cdm }è knre `bv mewbc}bnd arnqv }è hcq }`c}

orbdav }è q`nhe ng frec}bnd }n }è fed}er (}è Frec}nr" cf}v

nd `bk knre gnrfeguhh$

Oefcuve kcdjbdm fnd}bduev }n ewnhwe }è fnhhef}bwe hcq

ng dc}ure q`bf` cv|brev }n fed}rchbye ewer}`bda mekcdmv

c arec}er eggnr} cdm mee|er cqcredevv grnk }`nve q`n cre

knre mewehn|em$ Bg cd bdmbwbmuch mnev dn} |rnk|}h kcje

}`bv eggnr} è qbhh bdv}cd}h |c c |edch} `cwbda }n kcje

arec}er eggnr}v cdm arec}er |cbdv cdm }èd knre eggnr} cdm

knre |cbd cdm vn nd$

Bd }è oeabddbda ng }è ? Ndh }è f`nbfe }n

cffe|} cdm rechbye }`bv mefbvbnd$ Qe f`nnve oe}qeed }è|c}` ng hba`} (Jcoochc`" cdm }è |c}` ng |cbd me|edmbda

nd `nq qe rehc}e }n nur ewnhu}bnd qè}èr b} bv qb}`bd

recvnd nr conwe recvnd$ Ndh Jcoochbv}v fcd cf}bweh

bd}erwede bd }è u||er kcdcaeked} cdm e} cdnde q`n

qbvèv }n mn qehh cdm abwe nu}vbme ng `bkvehg }rbaaerv c

|nvb}bwe rev|ndve bd }è u||er qnrhm$ ]èregnre bg }è

q`nhe dc}bnd cv|brev }n jee| }è fnhhef}bwe hcq ng frec}bnd

b} qbhh gbdm b} bd }è qnrmv Hnwe }` debaònur cv }`vehg$B} qbhh mbvfnwer }`c} }`bv hcq bv dn knre cdm dn hevv }`cd

}è hcq ng hnwe$ Ou} gnr }`bv }n `c||ed kcd kuv} orecj


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?7 ng ?76 Bd}erwbeq Qb}` ]`e Gu}ure

oendm `bv ekn}bndv cdm }`nua`}v q`bf` cre chh ocvem nd

nur ocvbf+fnr|nrech dc}ure$


27/263


]è vbd ng Frec}bndcdm }è Fnrref}bnd

]è v}ruf}ure ng frec}bnd bv c hn} vbk|her }`cd qe }`bdj9

ewer}`bda `c||edv qb}`bd ndev vnuh }`c} geehv qb}`bd b}}è Frec}nr b}v B cdm }è fnddef}bnd oe}qeed }èk$

]è vnuh bv }è ndh frec}bnd }`c} qcv ewer frec}em cdm b}

bv }è ndh }`bda }`c} epbv}v oevbmev }è Frec}nr$ ]`c} vnuh

mnevd} geeh cd}`bda nu}vbme ng b} ndh q`c} bv bdvbme b}$ B}

bv fchhem Cmck nr Cmck @crbv`nd (}è Gbrv} Kcd" cdm

b} bv mbwbmem bd}n kcd |cr}v$ Ecf` |cr} bv cd nracd ng }è

onm ng }è gbrv} kcd$ ]è vnuh bv bd gcf} }è wer vcke

qbhh }n refebwe mehba`} cdm |hecvure$ B}v |cr}v cre udbsuemevbrev gnr refe|}bnd ng |hecvure cdm }è cre fchhem

vnuhv$

Bd ecf` vnuh }ère cre }è 736 mevbrev ng }è fnhhef}bwe vnuh

oegnre b} vbddem (c vbd kecdv refebwbda |hecvure gnr ndev

nqd mehba`}" cdm ornje }n |befev$ B} qcv mbwbmem bd}n

7


28/263


qbhh oe cohe }n v}cr} rbvbda }n }è Frec}nr ng `bv nqd cffnrm

fndvfbnuvh cdm nu} ng `bv nqd gree f`nbfe$

Bg kcd `cm rekcbdem bd }è v}c}e ng vedvc}bnd ng }è

Frec}nr bd }è u||er qnrhm qère è qcv frec}em èqnuhm `cwe dn qc ng cf}bda bdme|edmed}h cdm qnuhm oe

udmer }è fnd}rnh ng }è hba`} hbje c rnon} hbje c |ervnd

udmer }è v`cmnq ng c arec} |ervndchb}$ @e qnuhm `cwe dn

greemnk ng f`nbfe cdm qnuhm oe fnk|he}eh vuoief} }n }è

bdghuedfe ng }è arec} nde$ @edfe ndh qèd }è Frec}nr

me}cfèv `bkvehg fnk|he}eh grnk kcd `bmbda oe`bdm

ewer webh oe`bdm chh }è fndfechked}v }`c} ve|crc}e nur

qnrhm grnk }è v|brb}uch nde mnev kcd `cwe c rechgreemnk ng f`nbfe$

]`c} gchh grnk }è v|brb}uch qnrhm bv fchhem }è vbd ng

Cmck ch}`nua` qe dnq vee `nq fnk|uhvnr b} qcv$

]è Hcqv ng Fnrref}bnd

]è v}ruf}ure ng frec}bnd `cv 736 hcqv$ Ecf` hcq bv c

vv}ek ng fnrref}bnd ng nde ng }è vnuhv 736 mevbrev$Vnke ng }ève hcqv oehnda }n }è kcdcaeked} ng frec}bnd

bd aederch cdm vnke oehnda }n }è bdmbwbmuch vv}ek ng

|rnwbmedfe ng ecf` cdm ewer frec}ure$ Ou} qb}`nu}

epfe|}bnd }è chh n|erc}e qb}`bd }è vnuh oefcuve oevbmev

}è Frec}nr }è vnuh bv }è ed}bre vv}ek ng frec}bnd cdm

rechb}$

]è knre nde hecrdv conu} }ève hcqv cdm oeabdv }n

v|brb}uchh epefu}e }èk bd }èbr fnrref}em gnrk }è fhnver

è fnkev }n }è mearee ng }è Frec}nr$ Kecdbda }ère bv c

hcmmer ng 736 rudav }`c} v}cdmv oe}qeed nur mearee cdm }è

mearee ng }è Frec}nr$ ]n fhbko c ruda kecdv }n cfsubre c

vfreed cdm e} cdn}èr ng }è 736 mevbrev ng }è vnuh$

Cg}er }è vbd }è wevveh (}è mevbre ng }è gbrv} kcd" je|}

orecjbda ewer mee|er bd nrmer }n oe greem grnk }è vfreed

bd }è vefndmcr mevbrev cv qehh qère b} bv mbggbfuh} }n }ehhcd}`bda c|cr}$ ]`c} bv q` }è ]nrc` v|ecjv ng }è vbd ng

Fcbd q`n jbhhem Coeh cdm }`c} bv bd gcf} }è dep} vbd }è

dep} orecjmnqd bd }è wevvehv ng }è gbrv} kcd$ Bd nrmer }n


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fnk|he}e }è fnrref}bnd ng }è vnuh b} bv defevvcr }n orbda

}è vnuhv mee|er cdm mee|er mnqd }n }è mearee ng nur

qnrhm$

Bd nrmer gnr }`bv frec}bnd }n oeabd }n rbve }n }è mearee ng}è Frec}nr bdme|edmed}h b} kuv} oe fnk|he}eh me}cfèm

grnk `bk$ Bd nrmer }n me}cf` b} kuv} mrn| }n }è mearee ng

kcd oehnq }è mearee ng Fcbd cdm Coeh oehnq }è mearee

ng }è aederc}bnd ng }è ghnnm }è }nqer ng Ocohnd

Vnmnk chh }è qc mnqd }n }è mearee ng nur fnr|nrech

qnrhm$

Qe cre c} }è wer on}}nk ng }è hcmmer$ Qèd }è vnuh

mevfedmv }n }è mearee ng nur qnrhm cdm bv fhn}èm bd conm b} bv fnk|he}eh me}cfèm grnk }è Frec}nr b} `cv dn

vedvc}bnd ng `bk q`c}vnewer cdm }èd b} }`bdjv b} bv

fnk|he}eh gree$ Bg qe oeabd }n rbve grnk }`bv vb}uc}bnd qe

qbhh rechh oe fnrref}bda ewer}`bda$ ]`c} bv q` }è

udbgnrk vnuh ng }è gbrv} kcd `cm }n oe ornjed }n orbda }è

vnuhv mnqd }n }è mearee ng }`bv qnrhm$


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Bd }è Edm ng Mcv

Jcoochc` ep|hcbdv }`c} bd }è edm ng mcv }è hba`} ng }è

Frec}nr qbhh oefnke c||cred} dn} iuv} }n nde |en|he ou}chvn }n }è q`nhe ng kcdjbdm$ Cdm }èd chh }è |en|he qbhh

vee cdm c||refbc}e }èbr c}}rbou}ev gnr q`c} }è rechh cre$

]`c} qbhh orbda conu} }è fnrref} vb}uc}bnd on}` bd nur

ecr}`h hbwev cdm bd v|brb}uchb}$ Ewer nde qbhh oe`cwe

fnrref}h: qbhh oe greem ng fndferd gnr `bk chnde cdm qbhh

udb}e bd nde fnkknd cbk }n esuchbye qb}` }è Frec}nr$

]è defevvcr fndmb}bnd gnr }`bv bv }n fnke }n c vb}uc}bnd

qère ecf` |ervnd qbhh `cwe ndh nde mevbre }n mbvfnwer}è Frec}nr$ Ndh }èd qbhh }è Frec}nr cf}uchh oe

rewechem$ Nde fcd c}}cbd b} ndh nd fndmb}bnd }`c} kcd

mbvfnwerv }è Frec}nr qb}` `bv nqd v}reda}`$

]è fnhhef}bwe mbvfnwer ng }è Frec}nr qbhh ndh nffur bd

}è edm ng mcv ou} qe cre dn} gcr grnk b}$ ]ère bv

`nqewer cd bdmbwbmuch rewehc}bnd ng }è Frec}nr cv qehh$ B}

`c||edv qèd kcd mbvfnwerv }è Frec}nr gnr `bkvehg

}`rnua` c arec} bdmegc}bacohe eggnr} bd }è v|efbch ke}`nm

ng }è Jcoochc`$ Cdm ud}bh }è fnhhef}bwe rewehc}bnd ng }è

Frec}nr è rbvev bd }è v|brb} o `bkvehg cdm hbwev bd }è

gu}ure v}c}e ng kcdjbdm$

Ou} ewed qèd è rbvev }n }è mearee ng }è vedvc}bnd ng

}è Frec}nr è v}bhh èh|v n}èrv c}}cbd }è vedvc}bnd ng }è

Frec}nr gnr }èkvehwev$ @edfe }è bk|nr}cdfe ng }è

fbrfuhc}bnd ng }è qbvmnk ng Jcoochc` gnr ewernde vn}`c} |en|he qbhh jdnq }`c} }ère bv vuf` c }`bda }n hecrd

Jcoochc` cdm mbvfnwer }è Frec}nr gnr }èkvehwev$ O

hbwbda bd on}` qnrhmv }è qbhh c}}cbd }è mearee ng

|ergef}bnd cdm e}erdb} }è edmhevv mehba`}$

Qe mnd} `cwe }n qcb} gnr }è edm ng }bke bd nrmer }n c}}cbd

}`c} vb}uc}bnd oefcuve nur vb}uc}bnd bv chrecm }è hnqev}

|nvvbohe v|brb}uch mearee$

Qe fcd ruv` }è annm }bkev cdm orbda }èk vnnder dn} okcjbda mrecmguh kbv}cjev cdm `nrrbohe }nrked}v ou} o

}è c}}cbdked} ng |nqer c vu|reke |nqer }`rnua` }è

qbvmnk ng Jcoochc`$ Qe kuv} cf} vn }`c} }è q`nhe ng


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kcdjbdm qcjev u| cdm udmerv}cdmv `nq c oe}}er hbge fcd

oe c}}cbdem$ ]è rewehc}bnd ng }è hba`} bv }è gnrfe }`c} fcd

fnrref} }è q`nhe qnrhm$

]è qbvmnk ng Jcoochc` `cv dn}`bda }n mn qb}` rehbabndb} bv conwe b} cdm qcv frec}em gnr }è q`nhe ng kcdjbdm$

Oefcuve ng }`c} b} bv qnr}`q`bhe }n v|recm }è qbvmnk ng

Jcoochc` }`rnua`nu} }è qnrhm ud}bh }è qnrmv gnr }è

v`chh chh jdnq Ke grnk }è hecv} ng }èk ud}n }è arec}ev}

ng }èk (Ierekbc` 63 66" fnke }rue$ Cdm }`c} fcd oe

c}}cbdem ndh }`rnua` }è qbvmnk ng Jcoochc`$


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]è V|brb}uch Aede cdm }è_ev`bkn}(_ekbdbvfedfe"

]è ed}bre |hcd ng ùkcd mewehn|ked} bv bk|rbd}em bdkcd$ B} bv }è edabde }`c} |uvèv uv gnrqcrm cdm gnrfev uv

}n ewnhwe$ Qe `cwe chrecm vuffeemem bd fnk|reèdmbda

}è gcf} }`c} }è ed}bre jdnqhemae ng }è obnhnabfch onm

fcd oe no}cbdem bd nur aedev$ Ou} }è |hcd gnr nur v|brb}uch

mewehn|ked} bv chvn ekoemmem bd v|efbch aedev kuf`

mee|er }`cd nur obnhnabfch aedev$ ]è cre nur v|brb}uch

aedev$

Grnk }è knked} c |ervnd fnkev bd}n }`bv qnrhm }`bv |hcdoefnkev n|erc}bwe cdm oeabdv }n cf} nd `bk cdm fnd}rnh

`bv hbge$ B} mbf}c}ev `bv c}}rbou}ev `bv f`crcf}er `bv gc}e cdm

`bv ewer knweked}$ Ou} b} chvn chhnqv `bk }è greemnk }n

f`nnve bd kcd ng }è vb}uc}bndv$

]`bv |hcd epbv}v dn} ndh bd kcd ou} chvn bd ewer}`bda

}`c} epbv}v bd }è udbwerve cdm b} mbf}c}ev }è wer |rnfevv

fchhem hbge$ Udhbje n}èr |cr}v ng dc}ure }`c} |rnarck bv

dn} bdghepbohe bd kcd ou} ewnhwev murbda `bv hbge$ ]è

|rnarck bv c verbev ng fndvefu}bwe mc}c fnkkcdmv$ Ecf`

fnkkcdmked} bv fchhem c _ev`bkn: grnk }è @eoreq

qnrm _nvèk (bk|rbd}"$ ]ère bv c f`cbd ng rev`bkn}

(|hurch gnr rev`bkn" bd ecf` ng uv grnk }è knked} qe cre

onrd }n }è knked} ng nur mec}` ou} b} fnd}cbdv dn} ndh

nur furred} hbge ffhe ou} chvn chh }è bdfcrdc}bndv ng nur

vnuh$Bg qe recm }è mc}c bd }`bv f`cbd ng rev`bkn} qe qbhh oe

cohe }n an }`rnua` chh }è v}caev ng }è mewehn|ked} ng }è

udbwerve cv bd c knwbe grnk }è ecrhbev} vb}uc}bndv ng }è

frec}bnd ng }è udbwerve }è vud cdm }è v}crv }`rnua` }è

mbdnvcur erc cdm nd }n }è gcr}èv} gu}ure$ ]è fnhhef}bwe

hcq ng }è udbwerve hnvev dn}`bda ou} ndh f`cdaev grnk

v}c}e }n v}c}e$

Bg }`bv f`cbd ng rev`bkn} bv nur q`nhe |hcd ng n|erc}bndgrnk }è oeabddbda ng nur hbge }n b}v edm cdm bg }ère bv

dn}`bda }`c} qe fcd f`cdae ou} ndh gnhhnq }è qrb}}ed

bdv}ruf}bndv b} qnuhm oe bd}erev}bda }n jdnq q`c} `cv oeed


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bd v}nre gnr uv }ère on}` cv c q`nhe cdm cv bdmbwbmuchv$ B}

qnuhm oe oe}}er }n revecrf` }è rev`bkn}bd }è gnhhnqbda

kcdder9 vee q`c} bv }è |ur|nve }`c} dc}ure ve}v gnr b}vehg

q`c} bv }`bv fnhhef}bwe hcq }`c} }è rev`bkn}cre vu||nvem}n orbda uv }n cdm }èd cvj fcd qe v}um }`nve rev`bkn}

cdm }èd |er`c|v kcje f`cdaev reoubhm cdm |er`c|v

bk|rnwe }`bdav }n vub} nur ghcwnr>

]è cdvqer }n }`c} suev}bnd fcd oe gnudm ndh bg qe mbwe

bd}n }`bv |hcd ng rev`bkn} b}vehg$ Qèd c |ervnd v}umbev

Jcoochc` è hecrdv conu} }`c} |rnarck cdm conu} }`nve

rev`bkn} ou} }è fnd}ek|nrcr kcd v}bhh `cv }n kcje c

fer}cbd eggnr} bd nrmer }n jdnq `bv hbge+|hcd }n v}um }èkcdcaeked} vv}ek ng }è udbwerve vn }`c} è fcd u}bhbye

b} gnr }è oev}$

]`c} |hcd bv bd }è qnrhm ngC}ybhu} }è fnd}rnh |cdeh cdm

}è vnurfe ng hba`} }n nur qnrhm q`bf` me}erkbdev }è

ep|cdvbnd ng }è hba`} q`bf` orbdav hbge fndgbmedfe

èch}` cdm |ecfe }n nur qnrhm$

]è vnuh bv bd b}v knv} |ergef} v}c}e bd }è qnrhm ngC}ybhu}$

B} bv gbhhem qb}` e}erdch hba`} cdm |ecfe esuch }n }è

Frec}nr cdm gbhhem qb}` `bk$ Grnk }`c} vb}uc}bnd b} bv

}`rnqd }n }è hnqev} |hcfe fchhem }`bv qnrhm$ Nd b}v

qc grnk }è qnrhm ngC}ybhu} }n nur qnrhm }è vnuh

arcmuchh hnvev b}v hba`} cdm o }è }bke b} ed}erv nur qnrhm

b} `cv hnv} chh ng b} cdm rekcbdv qb}` dn}`bda knre }`cd c

rekbdbvfedfe (rev`bkn}" ng b}v |cv} vb}uc}bndv$ ]`nve

ep|cdvbndv cre refnrmem bd }è rev`bkn} }`c} cg}erqcrmvgnrk }è meareev ng }è cvfed} ocfj grnk nur qnrhm }n }è

qnrhm ngC}ybhu}$

]è rev`bkn}cre fnk|rbvem ng }qn |rbkcr fnk|nded}v9

3$ C keknr }`c} rekcbdv grnk }è hba`} ng }è

Frec}nr }`c} }è vnuh qcv gbhhem qb}` |rbnr }n b}v

mevfed} }n nur qnrhm$

?$ ]è |nqer ng }è cbk gnr }è Frec}nr (}è mevbre

}n abwe" q`bf` èhm }è vnuh bd }è u||erknv}v|brb}uch mearee$

]`nve }qn fnk|nded}v èh| uv reoubhm }è v|brb}uch vedve

qb}` q`bf` qe fcd nwerfnke }è |cr}b}bnd }`c} ve|crc}ev


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}è fnr|nrech qnrhm grnk }è v|brb}uch qnrhmv$ ]`c} vedve

bv vnke}`bda }`c} }è Jcoochbv}v frec}e qb}`bd }èkvehwev$

B} bv fchhem c vfreed$ ]è cfsubvb}bnd ng c vfreed chhnqv c

|ervnd }n fnd}rnh `bv mev}bd cdm bk|rnwe `bv edwbrndked}$Murbda }è mevfed} ng }è vnuh grnk }è u||er qnrhm

qère b} bv gbhhem qb}` hba`} }n }`bv qnrhm qère }ère bv dn

hba`} b} bv hbje c ochh rnhhbda mnqd c v}cbrfcve cdm `b}v

ewer v}e| nd b}v qc mnqd$ ]`c} `b} bv }è rev`bkn }`c}

ewer |ervnd q`n v}umbev Jcoochc` hecrdv }n rechbye

fnrref}h v}cr}bda grnk }è vkchhev} rev`bkn frec}em c} }è

hnqev} v|brb}uch v}e| mnqd }n }è gbdch cdm `baèv} mearee$

Ewed bd }è gbrv} mearee }`c} c |ervnd c}}cbdv è rbvev grnkc v}c}e ng udfndvfbnuvdevv }n c v}c}e ng `baèr cqcredevv

}`c} cqcjedv bd `bk }è mevbre gnr vnke}`bda vuohbke }`c}

fcd ndh oe gnudm nu}vbme `bv qnrhm$

Suev}bnd9 Q`c} cre }è vu|er|nqerv }`c} Ieqv `cwe

qb}` reacrmv }n }è kcdcaeked} ng }è qnrhm: q`c} bv

}`c} v|efbch |hcd ng hecmerv`b| }`c} bv gnudm bd }èbr

v|brb}uch aedev>

Cdvqer9 ]è Ieqv qbhh hecm }è qnrhm o }èbr cvfed} }n

}è u||er qnrhm |refbveh o rechbybda }è rev`bkn }`c}

rekcbdv grnk }è u||erknv} v|brb}uch meareev$ Cd |ervnd

q`n rechbyev chh `bv rev`bkn} rbvev }n }è |hcfe bd C}ybhu}

qère `bv vnuh uvem }n oe oegnre b} fcke mnqd }n nur

qnrhm$Bd Jcoochc` }è qnrhm ngC}ybhu}bv fchhemEre}y Bvrceh (}è

Hcdm ng Bvrceh" cdm `nq c |ervnd recfèv b} bv fchhem Bwrb

(c @eoreq" }n mevbadc}e nde q`n `cv ande nwer grnk }è

fnr|nrech }n }è v|brb}uch qnrhm$ @e oefnkev c |cr} ng }è

qnrhm ngC}ybhu} q`bf` bv }è fnd}rnh |cdeh ng nur qnrhm$

]`c} |ervnd oefnkev c |cr} ng }è fnd}rnh |cdeh cdm }ùv

c}}cbdv }è cobhb} }n fnd}rnh }è qnrhm udmerv}cdm cdm

me}erkbde }è ewed}v bd nur qnrhm$Chh }`c} rekcbdv ng }è vnuh ndfe }è hba`} hecwev b} bv }`bv

f`cbd ngrev`bkn}$ Chh }è rev`bkn}cre fhnvem cdm gnhmem

bd b} hbje c |nbd}$ ]`c} |nbd} bv bdvbme ecf` cdm ewer nde ng


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uv cdm b} bv fchhem }è |nbd} bd }è ècr} nr }è ge}uv ng

}è gu}ure vnuh$

]è rev`bkn} cre }è ndev }`c} megbde }è gu}ure vnuh ng

kcd b}v v`c|e b}v |rn|er}bev cdm }è |hcfe b} v`nuhm re}urd}n bd }è qnrhm ngC}ybhu}$

]è mbggeredfe oe}qeed }è vb}uc}bnd ng }è vnuh bd }è

qnrhm ngC}ybhu} oegnre b} mevfedmv }n nur qnrhm cdm }è

vb}uc}bnd cg}er b} rbvev grnk nur qnrhm ocfj }n C}ybhu} bv

}`c} }è cvfed} ng }è vnuh bv c revuh} ng kcdv eggnr} cdm

mevbre$ ]è vnuh fhbkov }è meareev ng }è qnrhmv nu} ng

gree f`nbfe cdm o }`c} b} recfsubrev }è guhh v|brb}uch

v}c}ure ng }è qnrhm ngC}ybhu}$ C} }è vcke }bke kcdvonm fnd}bduev }n epbv} bd }`bv qnrhm cdm }ùv kcd hbwev bd

on}` qnrhmv vbkuh}cdenuvh$

]è qbvmnk ng Jcoochc` o megbdb}bnd bv }è ke}`nm

q`bf` mbvfnwerv cdm udrcwehv }è q`nhe udbwerve }è

ed}bre rechb} q`bhe hbwbda bd }è fnr|nrech onm$ Murbda

}`c} rewehc}bnd kcd arcmuchh cfsubrev }è c}}rbou}ev ng }è

Frec}nr }è cobhb} }n oev}nq }n abwe$ ]è knre c |ervnd

cfsubrev }ève c}}rbou}ev `bv vnuh oefnkev knre cdm knre

Frec}nr hbje ud}bh b} oefnkev bmed}bfch }n `bk c} q`bf`

}bke c |ervnd rbvev }n }è mearee ng }è Frec}nr oefnkev

esuch }n `bk$

]èregnre bd nrmer }n kcdcae nur nqd mev}bd cv qehh cv

}`c} ng }è q`nhe qnrhm b} bv c kuv} }n oe c Ieq c

@eoreq kecdbda an nwer }n }è }`c} vbme ng }è ocrrber$

Ieqv cre dn} c |en|he: }è cre c arnu| ng |en|he q`ncfsubrem }è ke}`nm q`bf` }ecfèv `nq }n oefnke Ieqv+

@eoreqv cdm `nq }n frnvv }è ocrrber oe}qeed }`bv qnrhm

cdm }è u||er+v|brb}uch qnrhm$

Oegnre Corc`ck }è \c}rbcrf` refebwem }è ke}`nm ng }è

Jcoochc` }è ]nrc` }`bv arnu| qcv cd nrmbdcr }rboe ng

mever} ked hbje n}èr fhcdv }`c} hbwem bd Kevn|n}ckbc$

Vfbed}bv}v chvn fhcbk }`c} nur aedev bdfhumbda }`nve ng }è

Cv`jedcyb Ieqv (}è ndev }`c} fnke grnk ecv}erd Eurn|e"revekohe }`nve ng }è nrbabdch bd`cob}cd}v ng Kevn|n}ckbc$

]è mbggeredfe oe}qeed }è n}èrv cdm uv bv ndh bd }è

kbvvbnd }`c} qe qere abwed q`bf` qcv megbdem cv c anch


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gnr }è fhcd ng Corc`ck q`bf` `cm }urdem }n }è f`nved

|en|he ng }è Frec}nr$ ]è kbvvbnd }`c} }è qere abwed bv

}n }ecf` nurvehwev cdm }è rev} ng kcdjbdm `nq }n kcdcae

}è qnrhm cdm fnd}cf} }è Frec}nr$ Cdnde q`n }cjev u|nd`bkvehg }`bv kbvvbnd bv fchhem c Ieq$ Ou} c fndfe|} ng c

Ieqbv` dc}bnd mnevd} epbv} oefcuve }ère qere dewer vuf`

c |en|he }n oeabd qb}`$

Suev}bnd9 Qere }ère }bkev qèd Ieqv c}}cbdem c `ba`

v|brb}uch heweh cdm v|brb}uchh fnd}rnhhem }è qnrhm bd c

|rcf}bfch kcdder nr bv b} iuv} reacrmbda }è gu}ure>

Cdvqer9 C vbadbgbfcd} cknud} ng Ieqv qere c} c `ba`

v|brb}uch heweh cg}er }è epnmuv grnk Ea|} murbda }è

fndsuev} ng }è Hcdm ng Bvrceh cdm murbda chh }è }bke ng

}è gbrv} cdm vefndm }ek|hev$ ]è Jcoochbv}v ng }`nve }bkev

je|} }è nhm qnrhm bd c kuf` oe}}er vb}uc}bnd }`cd b} qnuhm

`cwe oeed qb}`nu} }èbr bd}ergeredfe$ Ou} }`c} qcv dn} e}

}è }bke gnr chh kcdjbdm }n rbve }n }è mearee ng }è

Frec}nr cdm }è Ieqv v}bhh `cmd} oeed abwed }è mu} }n

rechbye }èbr bv}nrbf mev}bdc}bnd }nqcrm n}èr dc}bndv$

Cg}er }è rubd ng }è vefndm }ek|he }è kbvvbnd ng }è

Ieqv qcv }n an bd}n epbhe cdm kbdahe qb}` n}èr dc}bndv

cdm an }`rnua` }è `bv}nr ng }è arcmuch ewnhu}bnd grnk

}è rev`bkn}ng }è oecv}h heweh b$e$ }è epfhuvbwe mevbre

gnr kudmcde |hecvurev }n }è rev`bkn} ng }è mearee ng

kcd b$e$ }è refnadb}bnd bd kcdv mev}bdc}bnd bd }èv|brb}uch hbge cdm }è kcdcaeked} ng rechb}$

]èregnre b} bv vcbm |refbveh conu} nur }bke9 }èd e

v`chh oe Kbde nqd }recvure grnk cknda chh |en|hev

(Epnmuv 32 5" cdm gnr c gc}èr ng c kuh}b}ume ng dc}bndv

`cwe B kcme }èe (Aedevbv 31 5"$ Dnq qe kuv} }ecf`

nurvehwev cdm chh n}èr dc}bndv }è ke}`nm ng }è

Jcoochc`: `nq }n eggef}bweh u}bhbye nur rev`bkn} mewehn|

}è v|brb}uch vedve cdm frnvv nwer }n }è v|brb}uch qnrhm }nfnke bd fnd}cf} qb}` }è Frec}nr cdm }cje nd nurvehwev }è

kcdcaeked} ng }è qnrhm$


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\cr} ? _echbybda }`e F`nbfe


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]è Greemnk }n F`nnve

\`bhnvn|èrv `cwe vnua`} chh }`rnua`nu} `bv}nr gnr }è

cdvqer }n }è suev}bndv9 Bv }ère greemnk ng f`nbfe>

]è }rbem }n megbde }è fndfe|} ng f`nbfe cdm recfèm }èfndfhuvbnd }`c} }ère bv ndh c hbkb}em greemnk ng f`nbfe bd

vnfbe} }n }`nve q`n `cwe c mewehn|em |ervndchb}$

Ou} cknda }èkvehwev }è udmerv}nnm }`c} }è qnuhm

dewer oe cohe }n gree }èkvehwev ng }è covedfe ng fnd}rnh

bd }èbr gu}ure oefcuve }ère qcv chqcv }è |nvvbobhb}

}`c} }è qnuhm oe rud nwer o c }rufj }è wer dep} mc

fc}f` c gc}ch bhhdevv cdm |er`c|v ewed an bd}n c fnkc$ Ngfnurve bg nu qcd} }n nu fcd badnre vuf` c ùkbhbc}bda

epck|he ng }è covedfe ng greemnk ng f`nbfe ou} }`c}

qnuhm dn} kcje hbge cd ecvber$ ]è ewnhu}bnd ng aede}bfv

`cvd} bk|rnwem nur vb}uc}bnd eb}èr ou} ndh v}reda}èdem

}è geehbda }`c} qe cre bd c fhnvem fnk|cr}ked}

vurrnudmem o f`cbdv ng aedev grnk q`bf` qe fcd dewer

evfc|e$

Cdm }èd fnkev }è qbvmnk ng Jcoochc` q`bf`Jcoochbv}v reacrm cv }è hcv} v}cae ng }è mewehn|ked} ng

vfbedfe cdm qe gbdm }`c} dn} ndh cre qe f`cbdem o }è

obnhnabfch aedev ou} qe cre |rnarckkem cdm dn} iuv} gnr

}`bv hbge}bke ou} }`rnua`nu} c hnda cdm fndvbv}ed} f`cbd ng

rev`bkn} (rekbdbvfedfe" }`c} bv ve} bd }è kbdm }è ècr}

cdm }è vnuh$ Cdm }`c} bv q`c} me}erkbdev nur hbwev$

Suev}bnd9 Mn qe `cwe }n badnre }è suev}bnd conu} }ègreemnk ng f`nbfe cdm f`nnve ndh }è knv} fndwedbed}

n|}bnd ng }è f`nbfe hevv n|}bndv oegnre uv>

Cdvqer9 @ukcdb} fcddn} badnre }`c} suev}bnd cd

hndaer oefcuve b} bv nde ng }è knv} gudmcked}ch

suev}bndv bd nur hbwev$ Ev|efbchh dnq qe kuv} ep|cdm

}`c} suev}bnd cdm revecrf` b} grnk chh vbmev n}èrqbve qeqbhh dn} `cwe }è kn}bwc}bnd }n f`cdae cd}`bda bd nur

hbwev nr }n f`cdae nurvehwev$ Qe kuv} fhecrh vee qère

qe `cwe greemnk }n f`nnve cdm q`c} bv mbf}c}em grnk


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conwe$ Nd nur furred} heweh ng mewehn|ked} qe v}bhh fcd}

vee }è hbkb}c}bndv }`c} cre cf}bda nd uv grnk conwe$

Ou} bg }ère cre nde nr }qn bvvuev bd nur cf}bndv cdm

mefbvbndv qère qe cre gree }n f`nnve qe kuv} v}um cdmudmerv}cdm }`nve bvvuev v|efbgbfchh oefcuve b} bv ndh

}ère }`c} qe fcd ep|revv nur greemnk cdm f`cdae

cd}`bda bd nur gc}e$ Bd chh n}èr }`bdav qe v}bhh rekcbd

udmer }è hcqv ng dc}ure }è nde qe fcd cdm }è ndev qe

fcddn} vee$

Suev}bnd9 Qère }èd bv k greemnk ng f`nbfe

cffnrmbda }n }è Jcoochc`> Qère fcd B f`cdaecd}`bda cdm qère bv b} dn} ewed qnr}` }rbda>

Cdvqer9 Gbrv} bd nur qnrhm qe cre chknv} fnk|he}eh

me|edmed} nd dc}urev |rnwbmedfe$ Qe cre fnk|ehhem }n

oe onrd: qe mn dn} f`nnve nur }ched}v nr }è |en|he qe

kee} bd }`bv hbge$ Qe mbm dn} f`nnve nur }bke ng obr}` nur

gckbh: bd gcf} qe gehh bd}n cd edwbrndked} qe dewer

f`nve$

Chh k f`crcf}erbv}bfv cre |remegbdem9 }è geehbdav }è

cv|brc}bndv cdm }è f`crcf}er$ B} bv vcbm }`c} ewernde bv

onrd qb}` `bv nqd hufj$ Knrenwer b} vcv }ère bv dn} c

ohcme ng arcvv oehnq (bd nur qnrhm" }`c} `cv dn} cd cdaeh

conwe (c gnrfe grnk }è u||er qnrhm" q`bf` v}rbjev b} cdm

}ehhv b}9 Arnq# Vn bv }ère cd greemnk c} chh>

On}` dc}ure cdm vnfbe} ewnhwe cffnrmbda }n }èbr nqdhcqv cdm vn mn chh }è f`cdaev bd }è udbwerve cdm ewer+

arec}er fc}cv}rn|èv }`c} `c||ed èdfe }ère bv dn}`bda

}`c} me|edmv nd uv$

Bg ewer}`bda bd kcd bv mbf}c}em grnk conwe }è

f`crcf}erbv}bfv }è bdèrb}cdfe cdm dn} ndh }`c} ewer

}`bda nu}vbme uv chvn }è gnrfev }`c} cre kecd} }n hecm uv

}n }è edm ng fnrref}bnd }n c |reme}erkbdem v}c}e q`c}

jbdm ng greemnk }èd fcd qe }chj conu} nr ewed }`bdjconu}>

Nd }è n}èr `cdm bg qe iuv} noe dc}urev nrmerv b} bv

udfhecr q`c} qe qere frec}em gnr bd }è gbrv} |hcfe cdm


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=< ng ?76 Bd}erwbeq Qb}` ]è Gu}ure

ewer }`bda ehve crnudm uv$ Bg ewer}`bda bv |remegbdem cdm

}ère bv dn greemnk ng f`nbfe }ère veekv }n oe dn |nbd}

}n }è q`nhe ng frec}bnd$

]è |nbd} }n frec}bnd bv dn} defevvcrbh }`c} ewer}`bda qbhhfnd}bdue }è qc b} `cv vn gcr cmwcdfem qb}`nu} cd

recvnd ou} }è anch bv }n c}}cbd fnk|he}edevv |refbveh

}`rnua` gree f`nbfe$ ]èregnre qe kuv} gbdm qère cdm bd

q`c} mn qe `cwe gree f`nbfe$

Chh }è cdbkc}e }è weae}c}bwe cdm kcd fcddn} }nherc}e

}è medbch ng }èbr greemnk$ Mev|b}e }è cqcredevv ng }è

rbabm grckeqnrjv bd nur qnrhm }è cv|brc}bnd gnr

bdme|edmedfe bv }è nde }`c} mbf}c}ev ndev hbge$ Ewedcdbkchv }`c} hnve }èbr greemnk bg }è mn dn} mbe }è

hnve }èbr hbwehb`nnm cdm qecjed oefcuve ng }èbr fc|}bwb}$

B} bv c }rue vbad }`c} dc}ure qbhh dn} }nherc}e cd jbdm ng

vhcwer cdm chh hbwbda frec}urev qcd} }n oe gree$

]èregnre b} bv dn} c kere fnbdfbmedfe }`c} bd }è refed}

fed}urbev }ère `cv oeed vn kuf` ohnnmvèm iuv} }n c}}cbd c

fer}cbd cknud} ng greemnk$

Suev}bnd9 Vn qère mn qe ae} }è mevbre gnr vnke}`bda

qe fcddn} c}}cbd vnke}`bda }`c} mnevd} epbv} bd nur

qnrhm>

Cdvqer9 Kcd bv frec}em bd }è bkcae (vbkbhb}ume" ng }è

Frec}nr$ ]èregnre jdnqbdah nr udjdnqbdah è cv|brev

}n `cwe chh }è c}}rbou}ev }`c} f`crcf}erbye }è Frec}nr$ Gnrepck|he }è Frec}nr bv bd e}erdch cdm fnk|he}e rev}$

Oefcuve ng }`c} qe }nn cv|bre gnr rev} cdm chh nur

knweked}v cre ndh c kecdv }n c}}cbd b}$ ]è Frec}nr bv

nde udbsue cdm v|efbch$ ]èregnre ewernde mefhcrev `nq

kuf` è kecdbda `bv ean bv chvn v|efbch mbggered} cdm

udbsue$ Nur cv|brc}bnd }n q`c} nu fhcbk fcddn} oe

c}}cbdem fnkev grnk nur vnuh q`bf` bv c |cr} ng }è

Frec}nr$ Qe bd gcf} cv|bre gnr }è vb}uc}bnd ng }è Frec}nrq`n bv cf}uchh gree$ Cdm }`bv bv }è |ur|nve ng nur

epbv}edfe$ Bg }`c} qered} |nvvbohe }è fndfe|} ng greemnk

qnuhm vbk|h dn} epbv}$


41/263

=3 ng ?76 Bd}erwbeq Qb}` ]è Gu}ure

Suev}bnd9 Cre nu vcbda }`c} nur mevbre gnr greemnk

|rnwev }`c} qe fcd c}}cbd b} ou} qe v}bhh `cwed}

vuffeemem> Bg vn `nq fcd qe c}}cbd }`c} greemnk>

Cdvqer9 Kcdv greemnk `bv bdme|edmedfe bv ndh

|nvvbohe }n }è ep}ed} }`c} è bv greem grnk `bv dc}ure

qèd è fcd rbve conwe b}$ ]`c} bv oefcuve nur dc}ure bv

|reme}erkbdem$ Bd nrmer }n c}}cbd }è rech cdm covnhu}e

greemnk qe `cwe }n cf}bwc}e c v|efbch kef`cdbvk }n n|ed

}è mnnr ng }è fcae ng nur fnr|nrech qnrhm bd}n c

v|brb}uch e}erdch cdm gree rechk$Qe udmerv}cdm }`c} qe `cwe }n gba`} gnr nur greemnk$ Nur

q`nhe hbge bv kcme ng v}ruaahev gnr ob}v ng gbf}b}bnuv

greemnk }`c} vnfbe} nohbaev uv }n$ Qe }r }n oe cv b} qnuhm

`cwe uv oe cdm qe cre |re|crem }n gbhh u| nur hbwev qb}`

ek|} cf}v iuv} }n ae} vnke refnadb}bnd cdm rev|ef}$

C} gbrv} qe gba`} gnr greemnk grnk }è ourmedv ng |cred}v

cdm }è gckbh$ Qe }r }n evfc|e fbrfukv}cdfev }`c} qere

gnrfem nd uv cdm }è mu}bev }`c} kcje nur hbwev mbggbfuh}$

Qe bdwev} c arec} mech ng eggnr} iuv} }n c}}cbd }`bv gcje

greemnk$ Ou} bd nrmer }n c}}cbd aedubde greemnk greemnk

grnk nur dc}ure qère ewer}`bda bv |reme}erkbdem qe

`cwe }n kcje cd eggnr}$ ]`c} greemnk fcd oe c}}cbdem dn}

bd }è cg}erhbge cv rehbabndv |rnkbve uv ou} ère bd }è

fnr|nrech qnrhm bd }`bv wer hbge$ Ou} gnr }`c} qe deem }n

kcje cd eggnr} }n rbve conwe nur dc}ure conwe nur qnrhm$

Suev}bnd9 Dnq nu cre mrbg}bda cqc }n u||er rechkv

cdm vc conwe nur qnrhm ou} q`c} `c||edv bd }`bv

qnrhm>

Cdvqer9 ]è kecdbda ng }è qnrmv conwe nur qnrhm bv

}`c} kcd cfsubrev v|brb}uch c}}rbou}ev }`c} cre conwe nur

qnrhm$ ]ère fcddn} oe cd rech greemnk ng f`nbfe bd nurfurred} c}}rbou}ev q`bf` cre mbf}c}em grnk conwe$

Ewer}`bda bv |reme}erkbdem epfe|} nde }`bda#


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=? ng ?76 Bd}erwbeq Qb}` ]è Gu}ure

\cred}v f`cdae }èbr hnfc}bnd nr f`cdae cd cmmrevv nd

}èbr BM bd nrmer }n vehef} }è |hcfe qère }èbr f`bhmred

qbhh hecrd o }èkvehwev cdm }è jbdm ng emufc}bnd }`c}

}è qcd} gnr }èk$ ]è }r cdm frec}e gnr }èbr f`bhmredvuf` cd edwbrndked} }`c} }è oehbewe qbhh aucrcd}ee }èbr

annm mewehn|ked} cdm }è cre covnhu}eh rba`} bd mnbda

vn$ ]è dc}urchh udmerv}cdm }`c} qèd }è cre udmer }è

bdghuedfe ng c fer}cbd edwbrndked} }ère bv dn greemnk ng

f`nbfe cdm vn }è qbhh }r }n cf} bd }è nde |hcfe qère

}è fcd kcje c mbggeredfe }è greemnk }n f`nnve }è

edwbrndked} }`c} qnuhm bdghuedfe }èk$ Kcd

|`bhnvn|èrv }rbem }n cdchye cdm kecvure }è bdghuedfe ng}è edwbrndked} nd |en|hev |ervndchb}bev$ Nd }è ocvbv ng

revecrf` cdm ep|erbked}v }`c} qere kcme cdm chvn

}`rnua` }èbr nqd bd}ub}bnd }è rechbyem `nq v}rnda qcv

}`c} bdghuedfe$

]è Jcoochc` abwev uv c guhh cdchvbv ng }è bdghuedfe ng

}è edwbrndked} nd kcd$ B}v fndfhuvbndv cre udesubwnfch9

}ère bv cd covnhu}e me|edmedf ng kcd nd `bv

edwbrndked} qbhhbdah nr udqbhhbdah$ Ewed qèd è

noief}v }n b} `bv q`nhe hbge bv }èd qcv}em reief}bda cdm

}rbda }n epb} b} ch}`nua` ewed}uchh è qbhh vurredmer cdm

fnke }n hbwe bd b}$

Suev}bnd9 Ou} v}bhh kcd mreck cdm ndh c geq

vuffeem epb}bda }è bdghuedfe ng }è edwbrndked}>

Cdvqer9 ]rue cdm e} qe }r cacbd cdm cacbd oefcuve b}

bv }è ndh }`bda qe `cwe }è greemnk }n f`nnve }è rba`}

vnfbe} gnr uv cdm gnr nur jbmv$ ]`c} me}erkbdev chknv}

ewer}`bda bd nur hbwev$ B} bv bk|nr}cd} }n udmerv}cdm `nq

}n oubhm vuf` cd edwbrndked} gnr nurvehwev cdm q`c} qe

deem b} gnr$

Jcoochc` n|edv oegnre uv c fnk|he}e cdm }ruv}guh |bf}ure

ng }è u||er kcdcaeked} q`bf` qcv ud}bh dnq fhnvem }nuv$ Qe vee o b} }`c} ecf` cdm ewer nde ng uv cdm }è

q`nhe ng kcdjbdm qbhh `cwe }n cffe|} }è |ur|nve ng


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frec}bnd cdm }è |ur|nve ng nur hbwev qè}èr }`rnua`

}nrked}v bd }`bv hbge nr bd }è dep} nr o nur nqd gree qbhh$

Fnd}rnhhbda K Nqd Mev}bd

Suev}bnd9 Mn }è |rewbnuv hbwev mbf}c}e nur |reved}

hbwev>

Cdvqer9 Mnd} gnrae} }`c} }ère cre gu}ure hbwev cv qehh

dn} iuv} |rewbnuv ndev$ ]nmc ewer |ervnd `cv c f`cdfe

bd }`bv hbge }n cggef} `bv gu}ure hbwev$ Ewer nde ng uv

v`nuhm jdnq `nq }n bdghuedfe `bv hbge fnrref}h }n v}um}è hcqv o q`bf` }è bdghuedfe fnd}bduev grnk hbge }n hbge$

Kcd fcd |cvv nd grnk nde hbge }n }è dep} c hn} knre wb}ch

bdgnrkc}bnd }`c} qnuhm cvvbv} `bk cdm }ùv |re|cre

`bkvehg gnr c oe}}er hbge bd }è dep} rnudm$ Kcd fcd

cmwcdfe }nqcrm }è |ur|nve ng frec}bnd qb}`bd iuv} c geq

hbge}bkev cdm cffukuhc}e `bv c}}cbdked}v$ @e bv }è ndh

frec}ure bd }è q`nhe ng frec}bnd }`c} bv abwed }`c}

n||nr}udb}$C |ervnd fcd me}erkbde `bv nqd mev}bd cdm fndvfbnuvh

bdghuedfe }è edwbrndked} è hbwev bd$ Nur q`nhe qnrhm

hbwev c} }è ep|edve ng }è hba`} }`c} fnkev mnqd }n uv cdm

fhn}èv ewer}`bda crnudm uv$ ]`bv bdwbvbohe hba`} rewbwev

}è ed}bre rechb}$ Kcd fcd fnd}rnh }è mevfed} ng }`bv hba`}

}n nur qnrhm9 ]è cfsubvb}bnd ng c vfreed }`rnua` }è v}um

ng }è qbvmnk ng Jcoochc` edcohev c |ervnd }n fnd}rnh }è

mevfedmbda ng }`bv hba`}$ @e fcd n|ed c Jcoochbv}bf |rcer

onnj cdm cf} cffnrmbda }n }è nrmerv }`c} cre qrb}}ed }ère

bdv}ecm ng qcb}bda gnr ècwedv kerf$

(V`nuhm oe c |`n}n ng c Jcoochbv}bf |rcer onnj"

Bd nrmer }n mekndv}rc}e b} ère bv cd bdv}ruf}bnd |cae grnk

c Jcoochbv}bf |rcer onnj o }è _cv`cv` (_coob V`chnkV`crcob"$ B} vcv9 Ep}edm }è kbmmhe }`brm ng\cr}yug Cooc

}n }è vegbrn} Je}er @nf`kc Obdc Mcc} ng \cr}yug YC

cdm reief} }n }è vegbrn} @evem Aewurc ]bggere}$ Cg}er


44/263

== ng ?76 Bd}erwbeq Qb}` ]è Gu}ure

}`c} b} ep|hcbdv ehconrc}eh `nq }n |ergnrk }`bv bdv}ruf}bnd$

Bd }è edm b} vcv9 Oubhm cd cbk gnr reief}bda c vkchh hba`}

}n }è }qn on}}nk }`brmv ng }è vegbrc ]bggere} ng|cr}yug

YC$C |ervnd q`n v}bhh `cvd} rbved }n v|brb}uchb} fcddn}

udmerv}cdm }è kecdbda ng }ève bdv}ruf}bndv: b} bv dn} fhecr

}n `bk q`c} }n mn nr q`c} }n mn }èk nd cdm q`c} v`nuhm

oe }è nu}fnke ng }è cf}$ ]`c} bv q` }è qbvmnk ng }è

Jcoochc` bv }è qbvmnk ng }è `bmmed$ Ou} b} bv `bmmed

ndh grnk }`nve q`n v}bhh `cwed} c}}cbdem }è vedvc}bnd ng

}è u||er |nqerv$

C |ervnd q`n gnhhnqv }ève bdv}ruf}bndv |cvvev }è u||erhba`} }`rnua` `bk cdm cv c revuh} geehv fndgbmedfe cdm }è

|ergef}bnd ng }è c}}cbdked}$ @e jdnqv q`c} bv anbda }n

`c||ed cdm `nq }n fnd}rnh b}$

]`bv bv qère }è rech greemnk ng f`nbfe c||ecrv$ Bd }`bv

heweh ng oev}nqch kcd `nhmv }è guhh fnd}rnh nwer `bv hbge

`bv gu}ure cdm }è q`nhe ng dc}ure$ @e orbdav }n nur qnrhm

chh }è annmdevv }`rnua` }è u||er hba`} cdm }`c} hba`}

reghef}v ocfj nd `bk mnuohem cdm }rb|hem$

Suev}bnd9 Mnev c |ervnd `cwe }n v}um `bv |cv} hbwev bd

nrmer }n cggef} `bv gu}ure ndev>

Cdvqer9 ]è ewnhu}bnd ng }è aederc}bndv bd }è qnrhm bv

dn}`bda knre }`cd cd c||ecrcdfe cdm mbvc||ecrcdfe ng

|`vbfch onmbev$ ]è vnuhv `nqewer q`bf` cre }è gbhhbdang }è |`vbfch onm kcdv |rbkcr B mn dn} mbvc||ecr$

]è ndh f`cdae }è onm }`c} fcrrbev }èk$ ]èregnre

chh }è aederc}bndv grnk }è gbrv} }n }è wer hcv} cre

fndvbmerem }n oe nde aederc}bnd }`c} `cv oeed v}re}fèm

nwer }`nuvcdmv ng ecrv grnk }è frcmhe ng kcdjbdm }n b}v

gbdch fnrref}bnd cdm }è c}}cbdked} ng }è fnk|he}e rev}

cdm q`nhedevv$

]`c} bv q` b} kcjev dn mbggeredfe `nq kcd }bkev c vnuhmrevvev bd }è onm }è mekbve ng }è onm mnevd} cggef}

b} oefcuve b}v vuov}cdfe fnkev grnk cd u||er heweh$ B} bv cv

kecdbdahevv cv fu}}bda nur dcbhv nr nur `cbr bv }n }è


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|`vbfch onm$ ]`c} bv oefcuve }è cre bd }è mearee ng

}è weae}c}bwe bd kcd qèrecv }è |`vbfch onm

oehndav }n c `baèr mearee }è cdbkc}e bd kcd$ O

v}umbda }è kef`cdbvk ng }è mrevvbda ng }è vnuh bd }èonm c |ervnd oefnkev greem grnk }è fnd}rnh ng mec}` bd

`bv hbge$

Suev}bnd9 Fcd qe ae} ocfj }n nur qnrhm }n nur hbge gnr

c kbdu}e> Bv }ère c qc }`c} qe fcd gbdm vnke

greemnk cg}er chh vnkeqère qère qe `cwe }è cobhb}

}n cf} greeh cdm kcje c mbggeredfe>

Cdvqer9 ]ère bv cd cv|ef} ng frec}bnd bd nur qnrhm bd

}`bv hbge }`c} qe fcd bdmeem bdghuedfe$ ]`bv cv|ef} bd }urd

cggef}v ewer n}èr cv|ef} ng rechb}$ Ou} }`c} bv ndh nd

fndmb}bnd qe jdnq `nq }n fnd}rnh b} `nq }n f`cdae b} gnr

}è oev} cdm }èd qe fcd cwnbm oebda fnd}rnhhem o dc}ure$

]è Gnur Eheked}v }`c} Fnk|rbve Uv

Suev}bnd9 Q`c} epcf}h mnev }è u||er gnrfe hecwe uv

}n f`nnve>

Cdvqer9 Bd nrmer }n cdvqer }`c} suev}bnd qe kuv} gbrv}

epckbde nur B q`c} eheked}v kcd bv kcme ng$

Kcd bv kcme ng gnur eheked}v$ ]è gbrv} eheked} bv fchhem

}è oem }è gnudmc}bnd$ B} bv }è ocvbf |rbkcr

vuov}cdfe qe cre chh kcme ng$ ]`c} bv q`c} qe refebwem

grnk }è Frec}nr$ B} bv q`c} megbdev nur evvedfe$ ]è

Frec}nr frec}em b} epbv}edfe grnk covedfe (qèd

vnke}`bda deq bv frec}em }`c} mnev dn} epbv} bd }è vnurfe"$

]`bv bv }è vuov}cdfe }`c} bv bk|rbd}em bd ewer nde ng uv$

]`c} bv q` B vcbm }`c} qe deem dn} qnrr conu} }è ocvbfgudmcked}chv ng }è vnuh oefcuve }è cre |reme}erkbdem

bd cmwcdfe$


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Suev}bnd9 @nq fcd qe epckbde cd jbdm ng dc}urch

|èdnkednd>

Cdvqer9 Ndh qèd qe rbve conwe dc}ure on}` bd kbdmcdm ècr} qbhh qe oe cohe }n noverwe b} grnk c `baèr

mearee$ Gnr epck|he9 qe fcd ke}bfuhnuvh revecrf` }è

ewnhu}bnd ng }è veem ng }è qèc} bdghuedfe }è fnurve ng

b}v hbge }è dukoer ng hbwev b} qbhh `cwe o |u}}bda b} bd }è

arnudm cdm }ùv jbhhbda b} ou} chvn rewbwbda b} grnk b}v

|rewbnuv fndmb}bnd }n }è deq hbge$

]ève |rnfevvev fcd oe mnde ndh qb}` }è weae}c}bwe

dc}ure oefcuve }ère cre dn ffhev ng hbge cdm mec}` bd }èv}bhh cdm qe fcddn} e} rbve conwe }è oecv}h+hbwbda

dc}ure oefcuve qe cre bd b}$ Qe fcddn} bdwev}bac}e nu}vbme

}`bv dc}ure qb}` nur nrmbdcr vedvev grnk conwe$ Ewed }è

knv} vn|`bv}bfc}em bdv}ruked}v fcddn} èh| uv ère

oefcuve }è qere chvn oubh} bd }è vcke oecv}h heweh$

Qe qbhh oe cohe }n vee q`c} `c||edv qb}` uv ndh bg qe

epb} }`bv heweh q`bf` bv }è `baèv} bd nur qnrhm }n c

`baèr heweh }n }è v|brb}uch qnrhm$ Qe qbhh oe cohe }n

revecrf` nurvehwev cdm bdghuedfe nur nqd hbwev kuf` hbje

qe revecrf` cdm bdghuedfe }è qèc}$ ]`c} bv |refbveh

q`c} }è qbvmnk ng Jcoochc` edcohev uv }n mn$

Bg qe fnk|cre nur hbwev qb}` }è hbge ffhe ng }è qèc} qe

qbhh mbvfnwer nur nqd ewnhu}bnd kef`cdbvk$ C veem }`c} bv

|u} bd }è arnudm rn}v cdm mbvbd}earc}ev fnk|he}eh ud}bh

}ère bv dn}`bda |`vbfch heg} ng b}$ B} bv }urdem }n muv}: v}bhh$Grnk }`c} vb}uc}bnd b}v deq gnrk oeabdv }n ekerae b}v deq

hbge$ ]è gnrker v`c|e bv fnk|he}eh ande cdm }ère bv

dn}`bda heg} ng b} ou} }è v|brb} }è gnrfe }è rev`bkn }è

jdnqhemae }`c} bdv}bac}ev }è c||ecrcdfe ng c deq hbge$

Bg qe qere bd }è mearee ng }è weae}c}bwe bd }è mearee ng

}è qèc} qe qnuhm dn} oe cohe }n epckbde hbge cdm b}v

}rcdvgnrkc}bndv$ Qe qnuhm dn} oe cohe }n vee `nq }è veem

hnvev b}v wb}chb} mbvbd}earc}ev cdm hnvev b}v gnrker hbge cdmgrnk }`c} vb}uc}bnd oeabdv b}v arnq}` cacbd qb}` chh b}v

gnrker c}}rbou}ev |cvvem nd }n }è deq hbge$ Ch}`nua`

dn}`bda |`vbfch bv heg} oefcuve ewer}`bda rn}v ou} c deq


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ge}uv ekeraev grnk }è gnrker v}c}e grnk }è v|brb} c deq

ffhe ng hbge ewnhwev c deq ed}b} qb}` dn refnhhef}bnd ng

}è |cv}$

Suev}bnd9 Bg ewer}`bda mbvbd}earc}ev cdm mbvc||ecrv

q`c} qbhh oe heg} ng }è |reved} hbge }n }è dep}> Q`c}

qbhh oe heg} ng }è geehbdav }è }`nua`}v cdm k nqd

udbsue |ervndchb}>

Cdvqer9 Q`c} `c||edv }n nur onm bv kuf` hbje q`c}

`c||edv }n }è veem ng }è qèc}$ ]è |`vbfch onm

mbvbd}earc}ev cdm qe refebwe c deq onm$ Ou} }è vnuh }ègnrker v|brb}uch |n}ed}bch v}bhh rekcbdv bd }è gnrk ng c

aede |n}ed}bch bdgnrkc}bnd }`c} }rcdvfedmv grnk nde

|`cve grnk }è nhm |`vbfch onm }n }è dep} }`rnua` c

|`vbfch me}cf`ked} fchhem mec}`$

Cv hnda cv }è nhm vuov}cdfe ng }è onm mbm dn}

mbvbd}earc}e }è dep} ffhe mnev dn} v}cr}$ Ndh qèd b}

mbvbd}earc}ev mn }è |rewbnuv rev`bkn}oeabd }è deq ffhe

ng ewnhu}bnd$ ]`c} bv q` Ieqv our }èbr mecm qb}`nu}

mehc$ ]ère cre ewed vnke |rcf}bfev }`c} edcohe }è deq

hbge }n oeabd vnnder vuf` cv cmmbda feked} }n }è arcwe vn

}`c} }è onm qnuhm rn} gcv}er cv }`nua` cvjbda gnr }è

deq |`cve ng fnrref}bnd }n oeabd vnnder$

]è }rcdvb}bnd grnk hbge }n hbge bdwnhwev c fnk|he}e mefc

iuv} hbje }è veem ng }è qèc} ud}bh }ère bv ndh }è

evvedfe heg}: c |ure |nqer medbem ng cd |`vbfchfhn}`bda$ ]`bv bv }è rev`bkn$ Oe}qeed }è meareev

oe}qeed nde hbge ffhe cdm }è dep} }ère bv c vewercdfe c

wnbm$ Gnr }`bv recvnd c |ervnd fcddn} vee }è }rcdvb}bndv

grnk |`cve }n |`cve$ @nqewer c Jcoochbv} }rcdvfedmv

grnk ffhe }n ffhe }`nuvcdmv ng }bkev$ @e fnd}rnhv }è

}rcdvb}bndv cdm bd ecf` ng }èk è hecwev c rev`bkn$ @e

mnevd} deem }n hecwe `bv |`vbfch onm bd nrmer }n oeabd c

deq hbge oefcuve è bmed}bgbev qb}` `bv vnuh dn} qb}` `bvonm$


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Suev}bnd9 Bv b} |nvvbohe }n an grnk }`bv hbge }n }è dep}

qb}`nu} mbda>

Cdvqer9 Bd nrmer gnr }`bv orecj}`rnua` }n `c||ed bdnrmer gnr }è vnuh }n iuk| nwer }`bv fnr|nrech bdfbvbnd gnr

}è |ur|nve ng bdv}bac}bda c deq mearee ng mewehn|ked}

qère c deq onm qbhh fcrr b} c |ervnd `cv }n mbe

|`vbfchh nr oe me}cfèm grnk `bv onm bd c mbggered}

qc ked}chh.v|brb}uchh hbje }è Jcoochbv}$ ]ùv è

ep|erbedfev kcd ffhev murbda `bv |`vbfch hbge$ Bd nde

hbge}bke è fcd an }è q`nhe qc grnk oeabddbda }n edm

}n }è |ur|nve ng frec}bnd }n }è v}cr}bda |nbd} ng }è vnuh$Qe qbhh oe cohe }n vee }è f`cdaev }`c} nffur bd uv qb}`

nur nqd eev ndh bg qe epb} }è mearee ng nur qnrhm }n

}è v|brb}uch qnrhm kuf` hbje c |ervnd bd c v}c}e ng fhbdbfch

mec}` qc}f`bda grnk }è vbme `nq }è mnf}nrv gba`} gnr `bv

hbge$ Grnk }è u||er heweh qe fcd vee q`c} `c||edv }n uv

revecrf` cdm kcdcae nur nqd hbwev cdm fnd}rnh }èbr

suchb}$

]`bv gnrfe }`c} }rcdvfedmv grnk nur |cv} hbwev grnk }è

|rewbnuv onm ng }è |rewbnuv veem }n }è dep} hbge bv

fchhem }è oem$ B} bv }è gnrfe }`c} fcrrbev nd }è v|brb}uch

bdgnrkc}bnd b}vehg }è evvedfe$ Bg }è veem qere c veem ng

qèc} b} fnd}bduev }n oe c veem ng qèc}$ C fer}cbd vnuh

qbhh rekcbd }è vcke vnuh ou} b} qbhh oe mrevvem bd c

mbggered} onm$

Suev}bnd9 Q`c} mnev }è f`nbfe ng c deq onm gnr }è

vnuh }n mrevv bd me|edm nd> Fcd qe cggef} b} bd cd

qc>

Cdvqer9 ]è vnuh mrevvev bd c onm }`c} bv vub}em gnr }è

epefu}bnd ng }è |rnarck bdvbme b}$ ]è c}}rbou}ev ng }è

vnuh cdm }è fnrref}bndv b} kuv} an }`rnua` megbde }è

f`crcf}erbv}bfv ng }è |`vbfch onm }`c} b} frec}ev crnudmb}$ Qe me}erkbde nur gu}ure vb}uc}bnd }`rnua` nur v|brb}uch

c}}cbdked}v bd }`bv ffhe kecdbda q`c} jbdm ng onm cdm

q`c} fndmb}bndv qe qbhh `cwe bd }è dep} hbge$ B} bv chh u| }n


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}è rev`bkn q`bf` frec}ev crnudm b} c deq onm cg}er }è

mekbve ng }è furred} nde$ Chh }è mc}c conu} }è

fnrref}bndv }`c} }è vnuh v}bhh `cv }n an }`rnua` bv gnudm bd

}è rev`bkn$

Suev}bnd9 Bg c |ervnd gbdbvèm `bv fnr|nrech

cvvbadked} mnev è v}bhh fnke }n }`bv qnrhm>

Cdvqer9 Rev è mnev$ Cdm q`c} bv ewed oe}}er è c||ecrv

qèd è bv chrecm fnk|he}eh fnrref}em cdm `bv vnuh

mevfedmv ndh bd nrmer }n èh| n}èrv$ Grnk }è vcke

rev`bkn }`c} frec}ev }è ùkcd onm ep}edm chh }èmbggeredfev oe}qeed |en|he9 }è f`crcf}erbv}bfv }è }ched}v

}èbr }edmedfbev cre chh me}erkbdem o }è bd}erdch

c}}rbou}ev ng }è vnuh o b}v deem }n rechbye q`c} b} kuv} mn

bd }`bv qnrhm$ O }è qc }`c} bv q` cd fnerfbnd bv

v}rbf}h |rn`bob}em bd emufc}bnd$

Qe refebwe }è gbrv} eheked} }è oem }è evvedfe }è

v|brb}uch noief} nur v|brb}uch aede mbref}h grnk }è

Frec}nr$ ]èregnre b} bv fhecr }`c} b} bv bk|nvvbohe }n

bdghuedfe b} bd cd qc$

]`c} eheked} bdfhumev }è nrbabd ng kcd qb}`bd b} `bv

efèhnd ng }`nua`} cdm }è v}c}e ng kbdm ng `bv cdfev}nrv

cv qehh cv }è jdnqhemae }è `cm cfsubrem$ Cg}erqcrmv

}`bv jdnqhemae c||ecrv cv }edmedfbev cdm fnr|nrech cdm

ked}ch f`crcf}erbv}bfv ng }è |ervndchb} }`c} qe cre

udcqcre ng$ ]è fcd oe bk|rbd}em bd c |ervnd cv}edmedfbev }n oehbewe vje|}bfbvk kc}erbchbvk nr

v|brb}uchb} nr |er`c|v }n v`devv nr v}bdabdevv e}f$ ]ève

c}}rbou}ev cre hbje }è veem ng }è qèc} }`c} `cm hnv} b}v

fnr|nrech v`c|e bd }è arnudm$ ]è cre abwed }n uv

qb}`nu} c |`vbfch onm }n fnd}cbd }èk }`rnua` dc}urch

bdèrb}cdfe cdm oefcuve ng }`c} }è vnke}bkev c||ecr bd

}è n||nvb}e gnrk$

]è vefndm eheked} bv }è hcqv ng }è ewnhu}bnd ng nurevvedfe$ ]ève hcqv mn dn} f`cdae: }è cre |remegbdem o

}è Frec}nr oefcuve }è ep}edm grnk }è dc}ure ng }è

evvedfe cdm b}v |reme}erkbdem gnrk q`bf` }è evvedfe


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v}rbwev }n fnke }n cv }è |ur|nve ng b}v frec}bnd$ Ewer

veem cdbkch nr ùkcd `cwe qb}`bd }èk }è |rnarck cdm

}è hcqv ng }èbr ewnhu}bnd$ ]`bv bv }è vefndm eheked} cdm

qe fcddn} bdghuedfe b}$]è n}èr }qn eheked}v }è }`brm cdm }è gnur}` rehc}e }n

nur mewehn|ked} ou} }è cre ep}erdch }n }è vnuh b}vehg$

]`nve cre }è ep}erdch fndmb}bndv }`c} kcje wnhud}cr

f`cdaev bd ke ng k nqd gree f`nbfe ou} cf}bwc}e nd ke

c |revvure }`c} B fcddn} fnd}rnh vnke}bkev cacbdv} k

qbhh$ @edfe }è }`brm eheked} bd nur ewnhu}bnd bv }è

ep}erdch fndmb}bndv }`c} fcd |cr}bchh f`cdae nur |c}` ng

ewnhu}bnd }n }è rba`} qc nr }n }è qrnda qc$He} uv ae} ocfj }n }è veem ng }è qèc} oefcuve b} bv cd

ecv |rnfevv }n noverwe$ B} qbhh èh| uv udmerv}cdm }è

|rbdfb|he bd mbvfuvvbnd$ Gnr epck|he bg qe vnq }è vcke

jbdm ng qèc} bd }qn |cr}v ng c gbehm cdm bdghuedfe ecf`

|cr} mbggered}h vuf` cv ohnfj }è vudhba`} nd nde vbme dn}

abwe ednua` qc}er dn} qeem nu} }è qeemv q`bhe }è

n}èr vbme ae}v }è oev} |nvvbohe fndmb}bndv qe qbhh vee

`nq kuf` }è ep}erdch eheked}v cggef} }è arnq}` |rnfevv$

Ch}`nua` qe qbhh ae} }è vcke qèc} ou} }è suev}bnd bv

q`c} mbggbfuh}bev mbm b} edfnud}er murbda b}v arnq}` cdm

èdfe q`c} gbdch suchb} qbhh b} `cwe$

]è gnur}` eheked} bv }è f`cdabda ng }è ep}erdch

fndmb}bndv$ Qe fcddn} mbref}h cggef} nurvehwev ou} bg qe

|rnwnje c f`cdae bd nur ep}erdch fndmb}bndv qe fcd

me}erkbde nur nqd gu}ure nur gu}ure }`nua`}v cv|brc}bndvcdm bd nde qnrm }è suchb} ng nur gu}ure$

]è gbrv} eheked} }è oem cdm }è vefndm eheked} }è

hcqv o q`bf` nur evvedfe ewnhwev fcd oe ep|revvem

deac}bweh }`rnua` q`c} qe reger }n cv bdèrb}cdfe9

|`vbfch qecjdevv geeohekbdmemdevv nr c |vf`nhnabfch

nr v|brb}uch qecjdevv$ ]èregnre bg c |ervnd gbdmv `bkvehg

}è rba`} |hcfe }n mewehn| o anbda udmer c |nvb}bwe

bdghuedfe ng vnfbe} è fcd c}}cbd qndmerguh revuh}v kuf`hbje }è veem$


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]è _ba`} Edwbrndked}

]è qbvmnk ng Jcoochc` }ecfèv }`c} bg B |hcfe kvehg

udmer }è bdghuedfe ng c annm edwbrndked} B cmn|} cmevbre gnr v|brb}uchb} cdm }è c}}cbdked} ng }è |ur|nve ng

frec}bnd$ Vuf` c mevbre qnuhm dnrkchh fnke ndh cv c

revuh} ng cffukuhc}em vuggerbda nwer ùdmremv ng ecrv$

@nqewer }`rnua` }è |nvb}bwe bdghuedfe ng }è

edwbrndked} B fcd v|eem u| }è |rnfevv vbadbgbfcd}h$ ]`c}

bv }è nde greemnk ng f`nbfe }`c} }è Frec}nr heg} ke qb}`

}n f`nnve gnr kvehg }è rba`} vnfbe}$

]nmc qe deem }n oubhm cd edwbrndked} }`c} qnuhm |uhhuv }nqcrm }è |ur|nve ng frec}bnd cdm }è c}}cbdked} ng }è

u||er qnrhmv knre }`cd ewer oegnre oefcuve b} bv ndh

}`rnua` }`c} jbdm ng c}}cbdked} }`c} qe fcd oeabd }n

kcdcae nur nqd mev}bd cdm vcwe nurvehwev grnk }è

cd}bfb|c}em cand$

Suev}bnd9 Qère bd }`bv qnrhm fcd B gbdm vuf` c

vnfbe}> Bv }ère c vnfbe} qb}` }è rba`} fndmb}bndv gnr

}`bv mewehn|ked}>

Cdvqer9 ]è oev} bv gnr c |ervnd }n gbdm c arnu| }`c} cbkv

b}v cv|brc}bndv }n }è anch ng frec}bnd cdm }`c} qnuhm oe

cohe }n bdghuedfe `bk }n |reger v|brb}uch mewehn|ked} }n

cd}`bda ehve$

Bd }è Bd}rnmuf}bnd }n ]chkum Ever Vegbrn} (Orecjbda }èBrnd Qchh" }è |rbdfb|ch }ep} gnr v}umbda Jcoochc` _coob

Reùmc Cv`hca ep|hcbdv q` }è Jcoochbv}v nohbac}e ecf`

|ervnd }n v}um Jcoochc` reacrmhevv ng }èbr cae vep nr

rehbabnuv ocfjarnudm9 bd }è v}um ng }è Jcoochc` }ère bv

c arec} v}reda}` }`c} ewernde v`nuhm jdnq conu}$ C

|ervnd q`n v}umbev Jcoochc` cqcjedv nd `bkvehg }è

cggef} ng }è u||er hba`} o vbk|h qcd}bda }n udmerv}cdm

q`c} è bv v}umbda ch}`nua` è v}bhh mnevd} udmerv}cdm b}$_coob Reùmc Cv`hca qrb}ev (b}ek 355"9 ]èregnre qe

kuv} cvj9 q` }èd mbm }è Jcoochbv}v nohbac}e ecf`

|ervnd }n mehwe bd }è qbvmnk ng Jcoochc`> Bdmeem }ère
http://www.kabbalah.info/engkab/akdtaas.htmhttp://www.kabbalah.info/engkab/akdtaas.htmhttp://www.kabbalah.info/engkab/akdtaas.htmhttp://www.kabbalah.info/engkab/akdtaas.htm


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bv c qeba`} }`bda ère qnr}` ng oebda |uohbfbyem9 }`c}

}ère bv c kcadbgbfed} bdwchucohe rekem }n }`nve q`n

mehwe bd }è qbvmnk ng Jcoochc`9 }`c} ch}`nua` }è mn

dn} udmerv}cdm q`c} }è cre hecrdbda ou} }`rnua` }èecrdbda cdm }è arec} mevbre }n udmerv}cdm q`c} }è cre

hecrdbda }è cqcjed u|nd }èkvehwev }è hba`}v }`c}

vurrnudm }èbr vnuhv$

Kecdbda }`c} ecf` kcd grnk Bvrceh bv aucrcd}eem }n

gbdchh c}}cbd chh }ève qndmerguh c}}cbdked}v q`bf` Anm

`cv revnhwem bd }è ]`nua`} ng Frec}bnd ]`c} cggef} bv

ocvem nd }è gcf} }`c} oegnre }è mefhbde ng kcdv vnuh }n

nur qnrhm b} qcv gbhhem qb}` }è u||er hba`} ou} ndfe b} `cvmevfedmem cdm fhn}èm bd c onm }è hba`} }`c} gbhhem b}

rekcbdv bd }è u||er qnrhm$ Cdm b} bv }è vcke hba`} }`c}

v`bdev nd b} grnk conwe cdm qcd}v }n re}urd }n b} cdm gbhh b}$

Ou} }`c} hba`} fcd v`bde }n }è vnuh ndh bd }è cknud} }`c}

è v}umbev }è qbvmnk ng Jcoochc` oefcuve Jcoochc` bv

}è qc }n gbhh }è vnuh qb}` hba`}$

C |ervnd kuv} c}}cbd }è gbhhbda ng `bv vnuh bd nde ng `bv

ffhev$ ]è mevbre ng }è vnuh }n oe gbhhem qb}` b}v gnrker

hba`} bv geh} o kcd cv wcrbnuv jbdmv ng |cbd$ ]è hndaer

}è }bke }`c} |cvvev qb}`nu} }è gbhhbda qb}` }è hba`} }è

knre bd}edve }è |cbdv$ ]è |cbdv qbhh uh}bkc}eh orbda c

|ervnd }n refnadbye }èbr fcuve oebda }è deem }n oe

regbhhem qb}` hba`} cdm qbhh hecm `bk }n c mevbre }n gbdm c

qc }n gbhh `bkvehg qb}` }è hba`} }è ke}`nm ng

Jcoochc`$Qèd nde }urdv }n aedubde vnurfev ng Jcoochc` c

v|brb}uch hba`} grnk conwe oeabdv }n ep}edm nd `bk$ Qèd

è |rcf}bfev }è v}um bd c arnu| qb}` c }ecfèr q`n bv c

Jcoochbv} c fnhhef}bwe v|brb}uch gnrfe cggef}v ewernde

q`nve |nqer bv kcd }bkev v}rndaer }`cd }è hba`} }`c}

v`bdev nd c vbdahe |ervnd$ ]`bv qc }è arnu| oubhmv

crnudm b} c gbehm c udbsue v|brb}uch rechk q`bhe }è

arnu| b}vehg oefnkev cd edwbrndked} }`c} arnqv c |ervnd}nqcrm }è |ur|nve ng frec}bnd cdm vcgeaucrmv `bk grnk

chh ewbh }`rnua` }`bv hba`}$


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]ère bv dn deem }n reare} c hcfj ng }ched} oebda onrd bd

}è qrnda fnud}r nr bd}n }è qrnda gckbh ewernde

`cv }è oev} |nvvbohe fndmb}bndv gnr `bv v|brb}uch

mewehn|ked}$ Bd }è dep} qnrhm dn nde qbhh oe cohe }n vc}`c} è mbm dn} ae} }è f`cdfe }n c}}cbd |ergef}bnd$ ]ère bv

ndh nde gcf}nr }`c} B fcd greeh f`nnve9 B kuv} frec}e gnr

kvehg }è rba`} edwbrndked}$

]`c} bv q` }ère cre gree oeabdderv fnurvev n|edbda chh

nwer }è qnrhm }nmc bd nrmer }n oubhm arnu|v }`c} v}um

Jcoochc`$ Chh }è Jcoochbv}v bd ewer aederc}bnd qnrjem

}`bv qc$ Ecf` ng }ève vkchh arnu|v qbhh cf} cv c vkchh

vnfbe} cdm bdghuedfe b}v kekoerv$ Bd }è gu}ure }èvearnu|v qbhh arnq bd}n q`nhe vnfbe}bev ng |en|he q`n

|rcf}bfe Jcoochc`$ Knre cdm knre |en|he udmerv}cdm }`c}

}ère bv dn n}èr qc }n oe vcwem grnk }è }rnuohev ou}

}`rnua` }è v}um ng Jcoochc`$ ]ève arnu|v cre }è ndev

}`c} qbhh arcmuchh gnrkuhc}e }è deq v|brb}uch ocfjarnudm

ng nur vnfbe} bd Bvrceh cdm hc}er nd }è bd }è q`nhe

qnrhm$


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]è Hcq ng Esubwchedfe ng C}}rbou}ev

Qe mn dn} vc cd}`bda deq bd Jcoochc` }`c} anev cacbdv}

ùkcd hnabf$ Chh }è hcqv ng dc}urch vfbedfev v|ecj bd ndegnrk nr cdn}èr conu} ecf` |cr} ng frec}bnd v}rbwbda gnr }è

fed}er gnr c |`vbfch+obnhnabfch ochcdfe (qè}èr cd c}nk

c knhefuhe c v}bhh noief} nr c hbwbda nracd"$ ]`bv bv }è

|rbdfb|he ng ewer hcq ng dc}ure cdm }`bv bv chvn }è

|rbdfb|he ng Jcoochc` ou} Jcoochc` rehc}ev }`nve

fnhhef}bwe hcqv ng frec}bnd }n kcd$

]è wer gcf} }`c} qe cre c |cr} ng dc}ure defevvb}c}ev uv }n

oe vuonrmbdc}e }n b}$ B} bv dn} c suev}bnd ng qbhh cdm deb}èrbv nur wer epbv}edfe bd }`bv qnrhm$ @edfe bg c |ervnd

}cjev u|nd `bkvehg }è hcqv ng dc}ure cdm jee|v }èk è

qbhh geeh annm cdm bg dn} è qbhh geeh ocm$

]è fnhhef}bwe hcq ng dc}ure orbdav uv ocfj }n c fer}cbd

v}c}e ng ochcdfe fchhem }è fed}er ng frec}bnd$ ]è kbdu}e

nu oeabd }n qcd} }n an ocfj }n }`c} fed}er cv }è hcq }`c}

re}urdv mnev nu qbhh geeh }`c} nu cre v}e||bda nd c

fnkgnr}cohe rncm oefcuve nu caree qb}` }è gnrfe cdm

jee| b}v hcqv$

Bg nu mn dn} jdnq }`c} hcq cdm cf} cffnrmbda }n nur nqd

udmerv}cdmbda nu qbhh oe |udbvèm$ ]`c} bv }è qc

dc}ure qnrjv cdnde q`n orecjv b}v hcqv bv |udbvèm

bdfhumbda kcd q`n bv cd bdve|crcohe |cr} ng dc}ure$

O }è qc oevbmev kcd dn n}èr frec}ure orecjv }è

hcqv ng dc}ure oefcuve chh n}èr frec}urev qnrj ndhcffnrmbda }n }èbr dc}urch bk|uhvev$ ]`nve bk|uhvev chvn

epbv} bd kcd ou} }è cre dn} ednua` gnr `bk }n jdnq `nq

}n oe`cwe bd dc}ure cdm bg è mnev cfsubre }`bv jdnqhemae

è qbhh vbk|h oefnke ep}bdf}$

Gnr }`c} recvnd qe oe}}er udmerv}cdm }`c} }è oev} }`bda

gnr uv bv }n an chnda qb}` }è |ur|nve ng dc}ure q`bf` bv

(o megbdb}bnd" }n orbda chh hewehv ng rechb} }n |ergef}bnd

}è v}bhh }è weae}c}bwe }è cdbkc}e cdm }è v|ecjbda cdm}è heweh ng Bvrceh qb}`bd }è v|ecjbda heweh$

Kcd kuv} v}rbwe }n chqcv jee| bd kbdm }è }`nua`} }`c}

ewer}`bda }`c} è geehv fnkev }n `bk gnr c |ur|nve grnk


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}è u||er gnrfe grnk }è fnhhef}bwe hcqv ng dc}ure$ ]`c}

hcq orbdav ochcdfe cdm knweked} }n }è |`vbfch+

obnhnabfch heweh cv qehh cv }n }è v|brb}uch heweh$

Rnu kba`} vc }`c} }`bv ochcdfe bv }è re}urd }n }è fed}ergrnk q`bf` qe fcke$ @edfe }è gbrv} fndmb}bnd gnr

jee|bda }`bv hcq bv }n jee| bd kbdm }è }`nua`} }`c}

ewer}`bda B geeh fnkev grnk nde vnurfe ndh grnk nde

fed}er bd nrmer }n |uhh ke }n b}$ ]`c} hcq bv fchhem }è hcq

ng esubwchedfe ng c}}rbou}ev nr }è hcq ng esubwchedfe ng

gnrk }è fed}er nr }è Frec}nr$

]è qbhh ng }è Frec}nr bv }n orbda uv }n |ergef}bnd$ B }nn

veej }n c}}cbd |ergef}bnd ou} gnr }`c} B deem }n v}um }è|rnarck o q`bf` }è Frec}nr |rnkn}ev ke$ Bg B qcd} }n

jdnq }è Frec}nr }è vv}ek q`bf` qnrjv }n oedegb} kcd

qbhh c||ecr oegnre ke$ Occh @cVuhck (_coob Reùmc

Cv`hca" qrb}ev }`c} bd }è oeabddbda nde kuv} udmerv}cdm

}`c} è bv me|edmed} nd }è Frec}nr chnde cdm }`c} bg è

mnev dn} kcje fnd}cf} qb}` `bk è kba`} oe ep}bdf}$

Ewer }`nua`} conu} qcd}bda }n mrcq fhnver }n }è fed}er

}n }è anch }n }è u||er gnrfe bv gcr knre eggbfbed} }`cd

cd nrmbdcr |rcer nr vnke n}èr v}rnda qbhh$

Bg c |ervnd qcd}v }n bd}edvbg `bv }`nua`}v chnda }è qc

è qbhh `cwe }n membfc}e `bv }bke }n c |rbdfb|he fchhem

]ère bv dnde ehve oevbme @bk cdm v}um }è vv}ek ng

}è qnrhmv$ ]`bv qc è qbhh kcje }è hba`} fnke bdvbme

`bk$

@edfe b} bv c kuv} }`c} kcd qbhh `cwe c kbdbkch fnd}cf}qb}` }è |rbdfb|he ng frec}bnd qb}` }è Frec}nr qb}` }è

vv}ek }`c} fnd}rnhv }è qnrhmv$

Gnr c |ervnd q`n bv chrecm |rcf}bfbda }è v}um ng }è

Jcoochc` b} mnevd} kc}}er q`bf` hcdaucae qnrmv nr

vnudmv megbde }è v|brb}uch meareev nr v}c}ev oe }è }è

hcdaucae ng }è obohe }è Jcoochc` nr |refe|}v

(fnkkcdmked}v"$ Ou} }è hcdaucae bv wer bk|nr}cd} gnr c

oeabddbda v}umed}$ B} fcd fndguve cdm bdghbf} udmevbrcohekc}erbchbyc}bnd ng }è }ep} cdm fcuve `bk }n bkcabde

fnr|nrech noief}v$ @edfe }è hcdaucae ng }è Jcoochc` bv

c }ef`dbfch hcdaucae q`bf` bv fhnve }n }è knmerd mc


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kcd$ B} bv fnk|rbvem ng Vegbrn} vv}ekv ng qnrhmv

\cryugbk Oe`bdn}cdm vje}fèv$

]ùv nde kuv} jdnq }`c} }ère bv c vv}ek qb}`

vuovv}ekv qb}`bd b} q`bf` n|erc}e nd uv nd nur onmcdm nd nur vnuh nd }è q`nhe udbwerve$

Qèd kcd qcd}v |erkcded} fnd}cf} qb}` }è u||er gnrfe

è mewehn|v c deq vedvnr nracd cdm }`rnua` b} è

vhnqh oeabdv }n geeh `bv fnddef}bnd qb}` b}$ ]`c} u||er

gnrfe }ehhv kcd `nq }èbr fnkkudbfc}bnd vv}ek bv oubh}

`nq b} qnrjv crnudm uv bd }è ed}bre rechb} cdm `nq b}

cv|brev }n orbda uv ocfj }n }è fed}er$ B} }ehhv kcd `nq b}

rudv }`rnua` }è ed}bre qnrhm cdm }`rnua` kcd `bkvehg$]`c} vv}ek bv q`c} kn}bwc}ev kcd cdm }è qnrhm crnudm

`bk$ Rnu fcd fchh }`c} gnrfe u||er gnrfe nr Frec}nr b}

kcjev dn mbggeredfe$ Bg nu geeh }è fnhhef}bwe |nqer ng

}è qnrhm nu qbhh oe cohe }n udmerv}cdm `nq }n fndmuf}

nurvehg fnrref}h$ B} bv fchhem9 Nde hecrdv grnk ndev

vnuh nr }è hba`} regnrkv$ ]è vnuh bv hbje c fnk|u}er

|rnarck$ Oegnre b} mrevvev bd vuov}cdfe b} bv dn knre }`cd

c }`nua`} cd bmec cdm c fnhhef}bwe ng fer}cbd fnddef}bndv

oe}qeed fer}cbd ewed}v bd wcrbnuv vb}uc}bndv$

]`c} fnk|crbvnd edcohev uv }n ep|hcbd q`c} bv cd u||er

gnrfe9 }è Frec}nr bv c mevbre$ ]è mevbre }n mehba`}

(|hecve" }è frec}urev$ @e oubh} c vv}ek }`c} bv hbje c

fnk|u}er |rnarck$ Bg qe v}um b} qe qbhh oe cohe }n

nracdbye }è vb}uc}bndv qe gcfe bd }è oev} |nvvbohe qc gnr

nurvehwev cdm gnr vnfbe}$]`c} |rnarck bv dn} me}cfèm grnk ndev }`nua`}v b} bv

bdvbme uv$ Ou} b} bv c v}bhh noief} bd cdm ng b}vehg$ @edfe bg

nu qcd} }n f`cdae b} gnr }è vcje ng ep|hcdc}bnd he}v vc

}`c} qe qcd} }n f`cdae b} q`nk mn qe }urd }n> Qbhh b} oe

}è Frec}nr>

Dn }è |rnarck mnevd} f`cdae$ Ou} }`nua`}v cdm

|rcerv kecdbda kcdv mevbrev cre q`c} f`cdae }è

|rnarck cdm kcd chbje$ Cv c revuh} ng |cv} vuggerbda kcdoefnkev oe}}er vub}em gnr }`bv |rnarck cdm è geehv b} cv

vub}cohe gnr `bk è geehv }`c} b} bv veekv }n }rec} `bk

kerfbguhh$


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Jcoochc` ep|hcbdv }`c} }è u||er gnrfe kecdbda }è |hcd

ng }è Frec}nr bv fnk|he}e cdm b} bv ndh }è wevvehv }`c}

f`cdae$ Ewer}`bda me|edmv nd }è f`cdaev bd }è wevvehv

dn} nd }è hba`} oefcuve }è hba`} mnev dn} f`cdae$]è hba`} oe`cwev bd}rcdvbaed}h kerfbhevvh cdm

c}rnfbnuvh$ ]`c} knmuv n|ercdmb fcddn} oe f`cdaem

oefcuve }è hba`} ep}edmv cdm qnrjv nd }è ed}bre frec}bnd

grnk b}v nrbabd grnk }è |nbd} ng }è edm ng fnrref}bnd

}è |nbd} qère }è frec}ure bv esuch }n }è Frec}nr$ @edfe

}`bv fndmb}bnd cdm n|erc}bnd ng }è hba`} nd uv gnrfe uv }n

recf` }è vcke vb}uc}bnd$ B} bv }èregnre nowbnuv }`c} bg qe

mn dn} cv|bre gnr }è vcke }`bda qe gbdm nurvehwev |hcfemudmer }è |revvure ng c wbfbnuv |nqer }`c} |uvèv }nqcrm

}è fed}er$

]è esubwchedfe ng gnrk bv }cd}cknud} }n nur fndved}

qb}` }è |hcd$ B fnk|crem }è |hcd ng }è Frec}nr }n c

fnk|u}er |rnarck oefcuve }è cre on}` udf`cdaecohe$

Rnu fcd vfreck c} nur fnk|u}er chh nu qcd} ou} b} qbhh

dn} cdvqer nu ud}bh nu gbp }è |rnohek o nurvehg$ Cdm

vn bv kcd qb}` reacrmv }n }è Frec}nr oegnre kcd

fnrref}v `bkvehg è `cv dn recvnd }n ep|ef} frec}bnd }n

}rec} bk oedewnhed}h$

Qe }urd ndh }n è q`n fcd f`cdae cdm ndh qèd }ère

bv `n|e }`c} è qbhh f`cdae$ Ou} }ère bv c oba kbv}cje }`c}

bv |rewched} reacrmbda }è Frec}nr$ B} v}c}ev wer fhecrh9 B

}è Hnrm f`cdae dn} (Kchcf`b 6 7" cdm bdmeem nu cre

}è nde f`cdabda ch}`nua` }è Frec}nr kcjev nu }`bdj}`c} b} bv @e q`n f`cdaev cdm dn} nu$

Qe cre udcqcre `nq kuf` nur vedvnr vv}ek q`bf` bv

}è q`nhe qnrhm me|edmv nd }è ekn}bndv nd nur

wevvehv$ Bg }è f`cdae ewed iuv} c hb}}he ob} }è q`nhe

qnrhm bkkembc}eh hnnjv ch}nae}èr mbggered}$ Ou} oegnre c

|ervnd frnvvev }è ocrrber cdm mnevd} geeh }è u||er

qnrhm kecdbda }è Frec}nr è geehv }`c} b} bv }è Frec}nr

q`n f`cdaev$B qcd} }n }ecf` nu `nq }n mn q`c}ewer nu qcd} uvbda c

v|efbch |rnarck bd nur fnk|u}er$ ]è vv}ek bd }`bv


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fnk|u}er bv dc}ure ou} kcd bv }è ndh |cr} bd }`bv vv}ek

}`c} cf}uchh n|erc}ev$

]`c} bv q` b} veekv cv }`nua` dc}ure bv fcaem bd c onp bd

c fnk|u}er cdm ndh kcd bv nu}vbme$ @e bv }è ndh ndeq`n fcd qnrj qb}` }`bv |rnarck refebwe mc}c cdm cggef}

}`c} mc}c cdm ae} c rev|ndve }n `bv cf}bndv nd }è vfreed$ B

qcd} }n }ecf` nu `nq }n uve }`bv |rnarck oefcuve B }nn

hecrdem b} grnk k }ecfèr cdm B qcv fndwbdfem `nq

eggef}bwe b} bv$

Jcoochbv}v cre }è ndh ndev q`n uve cdm fnd}rnh }`bv

|rnarck cdm }è |cvv }è jdnqhemae conu} }è rba`}

c||rncf` }n dc}ure cdm `nq }n fnd}rnh b} grnk aederc}bnd}n aederc}bnd$ ]èbr onnjv mevfrboe `nq }`bv qnrhm fcd oe

kcdcaem$ ]`bv qbvmnk bv fchhem }è qbvmnk ng }è

`bmmed oefcuve ndh c qnr}` |ervnd fcd v}um b} cdm

gnr }è rev} b} rekcbdv c vefre}$ Bg c |ervnd mnev dn} fnrref}

`bv c}}rbou}ev cv dc}ure mekcdmv è fcddn} udmerv}cdm }`c}

qbvmnk$

Ewed bd nur |reved} vb}uc}bnd qe fcd oeabd }n hecrd }`bv

qbvmnk$ Cdm ewed bg qe uve b} eanbv}bfchh gnr }è }bke

oebda qe qbhh bk|rnwe nur vb}uc}bnd cdm bk|rnwe nur

geehbda$

Bd nrmer }n kcje fnd}cf} qb}` }è Frec}nr c fnd}cf} }`c}

epbv}em oe}qeed }è Frec}nr cdm }è vnuh oegnre b} fcke

mnqd }n }è fnr|nrech qnrhm cdm fhn}èm bd c onm }ère

qcv c vv}ek }`c} qcv kcme }n vhnqh orbda uv grnk }è

gcr}èv} |nbd} grnk }è Frec}nr }n }è decrev} |nbd} }n `bk}n fnk|he}e esubwchedfe ng gnrk qb}` `bk$

]ère bv c anch |rnarckkem bd}n }`bv vv}ek cdm }è

vv}ek hecmv }è ed}bre frec}bnd }n }`bv uh}bkc}e anch$ ]è

|rnarck bv }è aederch hcq bd}edmem }n orbda ewer}`bda }n

|ergef}bnd Bvrceh gbrv} cdm }èd chh n}èr dc}bndv cdm

cg}er }èk }è cdbkchv }è |hcd}v cdm }è ed}bre fnr|nrech

qnrhm$

]`c} hcq cf}v hbje }è hcq ng arcwb} bd nur qnrhm9 }èvnurfe fchhem |ergef}bnd c}}rcf}v }è ed}bre rechb} cdm chh

}è frec}urev }nqcrm b} ou} b} bv qe Ieqv q`n v}cdm


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mbref}h n||nvb}e b}$ Qe cre }è gbrv} }n oe c}}rcf}em }n b}

cdm }`c} bv q` qe geeh b}v bd}edve |nqer cv |cbd$

Bg qe mn dn} cv|bre }n }è fed}er knre }`cd b}v |uhh nd uv

qe qbhh geeh |cbd cffnrmbda }n `nq mee| }è ac| oe}qeednur mevbre }n c||rncf` }è fed}er cdm }è bd}edvb} ng }è

|uhhbda gnrfe bv$ Bg }è mevbre }n cmwcdfe bv v}rndaer }`cd

}è |uhhbda gnrfe qe qbhh geeh fnk|he}e cdm fnd}ed}$ Bg nde

rehc}ev fnrref}h }n rechb} nde oeabdv }n udmerv}cdm }`c}

ewer}`bda nd

interview with the future, dr michaël laitman

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