GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 46

May 1949

INTERPRETING GROUND CONDITIONS

FROM GEOLOGIC MAPS

Prepared by the

Geologic Division eVetCe

ge 10 bull o CO

e09 e-ci)eoyNso

QE

U58c No46 1949

75

LiSRARrj Bureau of Reclamation

Denver Colorado

e QE 75 u58c 46

US Geological Survey Circular 46

UNITED ERIOR

WASHINGTON D C

Free on application to the Director Geological Survey Washington 26 D C

GPO D FS0 92249 250 BOOKS

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION DENVER LIBRARY

1 1M11111111111111 92026537

INTERPRETING GROUND CONDITIONS

FROM GEOLOGIC MAPS

Prepared by the Geologic Division

Intelligent planning for heavy construction water supply or other land utilization requires advance knowledge of ground conditions in the area It is essential to know

1) the topography that is the configuration of the land surface

2) the geology and soils that is the deposits that compose the land and its weathered surface and

3) the hydrology that is the occurrence of water whether under or on the ground

These elements usually are considered in planning land developshyments that involve much investment detailed surveys generally are made of the topography geology soils and hydrology at the site selected for development Such detailed surveys are essential but equally essential and often overlooked is the need for general surveys prior to site selection

Only if the general surveys have been made is it possible to know that a particular site is most suitable for the purpose and that no situashytions in the tributary areas that might affect the project have been overshylooked Moreover the general regional relations must be known in order to properly interpret the geology soils and hydrology at a particular locality In brief both the general and the specific are needed in order to avoid costly mistakes either during or after development

The accompanying maps illustrate how a general geologic map can be used for interpreting grc d conditions during a planning stage prior to site selection The topographic and geologic maps which provide the basic data have been simplified from some existing ones The intershypretive sheets are intended to provide some examples of the kinds of information that trained persons can read from such basic maps

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

0 9 RG W

4i

-_mdash -

4500- 41

0 I_ I_ I_ I_

5 Miles I

Topographic maps show quantitatively the configuration of the land surface This is accomplished by drawing contours that represent level lines on the earths surface Irregularities in the contour lines reflect the ground plan shape of the land forms the spacing between the contours measures the amount of slope In addition topographic maps show the works of man such as roads railroads and buildings and drainage features such as perrenial streams intermittent streams springs and marshes

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

CC

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLEGEOLOGICAL SURVEY

N N_ N -k bulljdegbullI

c szbull-bullbull

4h11111111112140 l

cPr 1 A r QbsV

1

cc74rclfft4cl A07

1302t444-4

IAMIAt1117 44 ftJ_

-bullbullbullbullbullbullbull re fr

A i

41(0401atoow_promitwocer

A Z

5 Miles0 L_ 21c3i 4ic

EXPLANATION

Young fan deposits gravel with admixed sand silt and clay

Ple

isto

cene

La

ke B

onn

eville

de

pos

its

____

__

dbull__

___-

-

Q bsi Qbc

Gravel member Sand member Silt member Clay somber gravel and sand clean sand forms lake bottom lake bottom in delta deposits offshore bars and deposit deposit Ccdelta deposits op 4 50 1F-ci74C1 CO3 = SO3 Cldeg3 5deg3 3 3

CO3gtS0 iLci 3

Old fan deposits bouldery gravel with admixed sand silt clay Considerable caliche in upper layers

U

CL

BedroCk mostly limestone some quartzite

Fault dotted where concealed

GEOLOGIC MAP

UNITID STATES DEPARTMENT OF THI INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N WVAlsquo OtOLOOICAL SORVIV

bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull N14NbullNN$amp

bullbullbull lsquolsquobull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullsv

bull bullNbullbull

FIRST EVENT These ancient rocks folded and faulted upward to form mountains

THIRD EVENT This fault became active 5-10 feet of movement before Lake Bonneville time fault extends under lake beds and

FIFTH EVENT This fault again active 20 feet of displacement

may have recurrent movement anytime

SIXTH EVENT This fan and the small one 3 miles west were built on

SECOND EVENT This fan built of gravel etc eroded from mountain

top of Lake Bonneville deposits after the lake had disappeared These poet Bonneville fans are still being built

FOURTH EVENT Valley inundated by glacial Lake Bonneville Delta of gravel (Qbg) built at mouth of Alpine Canyon Shore currents moved sand (Qbs) westshyward on delta and in bars in front of delta Silt (Qbsi) deposited near-shore clay (Qbc) deposited offshore These lake deposits are underlain by the pre-Bonneville fans which represent the second event

READING GEOLOGIC HISTORY FROM THE GEOLOGIC MAP

UNITED STATICS DEPARTMENT OP INS INTERIOR OKOLOMDAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N410AN

Qbsi

v a RG W

iii AQbc bdquobdquo

lsquo114 0 bdquo

bdquobdquobdquo 7oc)

04 1A

4=411=iN4IMM bdquobdquobdquobdquo bdquobdquobdquobdquov

Miles I 1 0

Hard rocks Good source for limestone or quartzite for building stone riprap Quarry operations would require drilling and blasting Limestone suitable for cement

2 This gravel is angular but silty poorly graded and contains considerable secondary line not suitable for concrete aggregate poor source for road metal

3 This gravel well rounded and well graded but contains considerable line not suitable for concrete aggregate excellent road metal

4 This gravel poorly graded fragments in part angular and in part well rounded deposit is free of secondary lime best source for concrete aggregate

Clay deposit contains lime and other water-soluble salts fair source for structural clay good source for seal clay not suitable for high grade ceramic purposes

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

5

_

UNITED STATEreg DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

010LOGIOAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

bullW bull s UIRdegVlsquo_5 _ _bdquo bdquo__I _ ilk _ -_ __bdquotbdquobull _ N oqI_ N I _k N srcIIIt N __ cbull ii

bull 1_ bull

bull bullbullbullbullbull 1bullbullbullbull bull bull Y Dbull(5 04_-_ - lelbullbull-bullbullbull bull bull bull1_ bull bull 4 Alsdeg bull __ _ - bull4i i bullbullbullbullbull_ li bullbullbullbull1bullbullF _ 4bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull 7 i F i bull N)

iffI bullbull-iqiiiiQfgEf 001

0 ibullAo p )_bullbull-i-_ _-

si 1 _bullbull_ bull_ bull_ 0 bull_bull_ibull_1bullbull__ 0

bull e bullbull 55deg _bullbull_ _ iiiII_ bull bull__

bull I bull-2k_ __ xbullwk_10bullbull ___ bull --------_ b

QbsiA IIP7 rof

bull-----bull

ie-vrAzI 40c--Jbullbull _ AA AIAQ bdquo __ _er__it A_ __ r fir 7 gr Pi

rbdpl oi1111111111111deg Ae _ _ __ 10 i _41 __44 _ 4 _

Qbsi---- rrAo4070ore4r bull IPVIr4t1dc1dr9jvir

ii 41 ii c _ c7 3 0 1-9f7OR 0 2 _ _00p1-1- lsquo AV bull

i 2 Je ` _ 0 a R 0 r AlAralAffej 0 A

_ -- 4-f44ipeopir_ r bdquobdquo iii bdquo 00 bdquobullobc bull obic f bull04 bdquobdquo _ 40 gt bdquobdquobdquo bdquo bdquo bdquo 4_ 55bull A i 5 z _ _i iti lsquo -r _44bull oii J47)_ 40 40e W1

414 4

i1 3 o iiiiN

_ Z V iii i Oiii iii - _ iii

K Miles s

A Clay ground poor surface drainage no subsurface drainage road metal and fill for subgrades must be hauled from area B or C Ground easily excavated by power shovel or dozer operation Will require aubdrains

Gravelly and silty ground fairly adequate surface and subsurface drainage Good foundation

for roads or buildings Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intersecting the groundshywater perched on the underlying impermeable Lake Bonneville beds This area lies across the projection of one of the recently active faults (see E)

Gravelly ground with excellent subsurface drainage ground easily excavated by power shovelC or dozer Excellent road foundation the deposit rests against one of the recently active

faults so buildings should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale (see E)

Sandy ground underlain by silt at depths less than 8 feet good surface drainage down to theD silt Easily excavated by hand tools Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intershysecting groundwater perched on the silt Good foundation for roads but clay is needed for binding sand

Two recently active faults Movement on either one may be renewed at any time causing earth-E quakes Buildings within a mile or so of the faults or their projection should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale Five miles from the faults the shocks would not be expected to exceed intensity 5

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO FOUNDATION AND EXCAVATION CONDITIONS

LiSRARrj Bureau of Reclamation

Denver Colorado

e QE 75 u58c 46

US Geological Survey Circular 46

UNITED ERIOR

WASHINGTON D C

Free on application to the Director Geological Survey Washington 26 D C

GPO D FS0 92249 250 BOOKS

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION DENVER LIBRARY

1 1M11111111111111 92026537

INTERPRETING GROUND CONDITIONS

FROM GEOLOGIC MAPS

Prepared by the Geologic Division

Intelligent planning for heavy construction water supply or other land utilization requires advance knowledge of ground conditions in the area It is essential to know

1) the topography that is the configuration of the land surface

2) the geology and soils that is the deposits that compose the land and its weathered surface and

3) the hydrology that is the occurrence of water whether under or on the ground

These elements usually are considered in planning land developshyments that involve much investment detailed surveys generally are made of the topography geology soils and hydrology at the site selected for development Such detailed surveys are essential but equally essential and often overlooked is the need for general surveys prior to site selection

Only if the general surveys have been made is it possible to know that a particular site is most suitable for the purpose and that no situashytions in the tributary areas that might affect the project have been overshylooked Moreover the general regional relations must be known in order to properly interpret the geology soils and hydrology at a particular locality In brief both the general and the specific are needed in order to avoid costly mistakes either during or after development

The accompanying maps illustrate how a general geologic map can be used for interpreting grc d conditions during a planning stage prior to site selection The topographic and geologic maps which provide the basic data have been simplified from some existing ones The intershypretive sheets are intended to provide some examples of the kinds of information that trained persons can read from such basic maps

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

0 9 RG W

4i

-_mdash -

4500- 41

0 I_ I_ I_ I_

5 Miles I

Topographic maps show quantitatively the configuration of the land surface This is accomplished by drawing contours that represent level lines on the earths surface Irregularities in the contour lines reflect the ground plan shape of the land forms the spacing between the contours measures the amount of slope In addition topographic maps show the works of man such as roads railroads and buildings and drainage features such as perrenial streams intermittent streams springs and marshes

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

CC

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLEGEOLOGICAL SURVEY

N N_ N -k bulljdegbullI

c szbull-bullbull

4h11111111112140 l

cPr 1 A r QbsV

1

cc74rclfft4cl A07

1302t444-4

IAMIAt1117 44 ftJ_

-bullbullbullbullbullbullbull re fr

A i

41(0401atoow_promitwocer

A Z

5 Miles0 L_ 21c3i 4ic

EXPLANATION

Young fan deposits gravel with admixed sand silt and clay

Ple

isto

cene

La

ke B

onn

eville

de

pos

its

____

__

dbull__

___-

-

Q bsi Qbc

Gravel member Sand member Silt member Clay somber gravel and sand clean sand forms lake bottom lake bottom in delta deposits offshore bars and deposit deposit Ccdelta deposits op 4 50 1F-ci74C1 CO3 = SO3 Cldeg3 5deg3 3 3

CO3gtS0 iLci 3

Old fan deposits bouldery gravel with admixed sand silt clay Considerable caliche in upper layers

U

CL

BedroCk mostly limestone some quartzite

Fault dotted where concealed

GEOLOGIC MAP

UNITID STATES DEPARTMENT OF THI INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N WVAlsquo OtOLOOICAL SORVIV

bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull N14NbullNN$amp

bullbullbull lsquolsquobull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullsv

bull bullNbullbull

FIRST EVENT These ancient rocks folded and faulted upward to form mountains

THIRD EVENT This fault became active 5-10 feet of movement before Lake Bonneville time fault extends under lake beds and

FIFTH EVENT This fault again active 20 feet of displacement

may have recurrent movement anytime

SIXTH EVENT This fan and the small one 3 miles west were built on

SECOND EVENT This fan built of gravel etc eroded from mountain

top of Lake Bonneville deposits after the lake had disappeared These poet Bonneville fans are still being built

FOURTH EVENT Valley inundated by glacial Lake Bonneville Delta of gravel (Qbg) built at mouth of Alpine Canyon Shore currents moved sand (Qbs) westshyward on delta and in bars in front of delta Silt (Qbsi) deposited near-shore clay (Qbc) deposited offshore These lake deposits are underlain by the pre-Bonneville fans which represent the second event

READING GEOLOGIC HISTORY FROM THE GEOLOGIC MAP

UNITED STATICS DEPARTMENT OP INS INTERIOR OKOLOMDAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N410AN

Qbsi

v a RG W

iii AQbc bdquobdquo

lsquo114 0 bdquo

bdquobdquobdquo 7oc)

04 1A

4=411=iN4IMM bdquobdquobdquobdquo bdquobdquobdquobdquov

Miles I 1 0

Hard rocks Good source for limestone or quartzite for building stone riprap Quarry operations would require drilling and blasting Limestone suitable for cement

2 This gravel is angular but silty poorly graded and contains considerable secondary line not suitable for concrete aggregate poor source for road metal

3 This gravel well rounded and well graded but contains considerable line not suitable for concrete aggregate excellent road metal

4 This gravel poorly graded fragments in part angular and in part well rounded deposit is free of secondary lime best source for concrete aggregate

Clay deposit contains lime and other water-soluble salts fair source for structural clay good source for seal clay not suitable for high grade ceramic purposes

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

5

_

UNITED STATEreg DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

010LOGIOAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

bullW bull s UIRdegVlsquo_5 _ _bdquo bdquo__I _ ilk _ -_ __bdquotbdquobull _ N oqI_ N I _k N srcIIIt N __ cbull ii

bull 1_ bull

bull bullbullbullbullbull 1bullbullbullbull bull bull Y Dbull(5 04_-_ - lelbullbull-bullbullbull bull bull bull1_ bull bull 4 Alsdeg bull __ _ - bull4i i bullbullbullbullbull_ li bullbullbullbull1bullbullF _ 4bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull 7 i F i bull N)

iffI bullbull-iqiiiiQfgEf 001

0 ibullAo p )_bullbull-i-_ _-

si 1 _bullbull_ bull_ bull_ 0 bull_bull_ibull_1bullbull__ 0

bull e bullbull 55deg _bullbull_ _ iiiII_ bull bull__

bull I bull-2k_ __ xbullwk_10bullbull ___ bull --------_ b

QbsiA IIP7 rof

bull-----bull

ie-vrAzI 40c--Jbullbull _ AA AIAQ bdquo __ _er__it A_ __ r fir 7 gr Pi

rbdpl oi1111111111111deg Ae _ _ __ 10 i _41 __44 _ 4 _

Qbsi---- rrAo4070ore4r bull IPVIr4t1dc1dr9jvir

ii 41 ii c _ c7 3 0 1-9f7OR 0 2 _ _00p1-1- lsquo AV bull

i 2 Je ` _ 0 a R 0 r AlAralAffej 0 A

_ -- 4-f44ipeopir_ r bdquobdquo iii bdquo 00 bdquobullobc bull obic f bull04 bdquobdquo _ 40 gt bdquobdquobdquo bdquo bdquo bdquo 4_ 55bull A i 5 z _ _i iti lsquo -r _44bull oii J47)_ 40 40e W1

414 4

i1 3 o iiiiN

_ Z V iii i Oiii iii - _ iii

K Miles s

A Clay ground poor surface drainage no subsurface drainage road metal and fill for subgrades must be hauled from area B or C Ground easily excavated by power shovel or dozer operation Will require aubdrains

Gravelly and silty ground fairly adequate surface and subsurface drainage Good foundation

for roads or buildings Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intersecting the groundshywater perched on the underlying impermeable Lake Bonneville beds This area lies across the projection of one of the recently active faults (see E)

Gravelly ground with excellent subsurface drainage ground easily excavated by power shovelC or dozer Excellent road foundation the deposit rests against one of the recently active

faults so buildings should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale (see E)

Sandy ground underlain by silt at depths less than 8 feet good surface drainage down to theD silt Easily excavated by hand tools Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intershysecting groundwater perched on the silt Good foundation for roads but clay is needed for binding sand

Two recently active faults Movement on either one may be renewed at any time causing earth-E quakes Buildings within a mile or so of the faults or their projection should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale Five miles from the faults the shocks would not be expected to exceed intensity 5

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO FOUNDATION AND EXCAVATION CONDITIONS

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION DENVER LIBRARY

1 1M11111111111111 92026537

INTERPRETING GROUND CONDITIONS

FROM GEOLOGIC MAPS

Prepared by the Geologic Division

Intelligent planning for heavy construction water supply or other land utilization requires advance knowledge of ground conditions in the area It is essential to know

1) the topography that is the configuration of the land surface

2) the geology and soils that is the deposits that compose the land and its weathered surface and

3) the hydrology that is the occurrence of water whether under or on the ground

These elements usually are considered in planning land developshyments that involve much investment detailed surveys generally are made of the topography geology soils and hydrology at the site selected for development Such detailed surveys are essential but equally essential and often overlooked is the need for general surveys prior to site selection

Only if the general surveys have been made is it possible to know that a particular site is most suitable for the purpose and that no situashytions in the tributary areas that might affect the project have been overshylooked Moreover the general regional relations must be known in order to properly interpret the geology soils and hydrology at a particular locality In brief both the general and the specific are needed in order to avoid costly mistakes either during or after development

The accompanying maps illustrate how a general geologic map can be used for interpreting grc d conditions during a planning stage prior to site selection The topographic and geologic maps which provide the basic data have been simplified from some existing ones The intershypretive sheets are intended to provide some examples of the kinds of information that trained persons can read from such basic maps

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

0 9 RG W

4i

-_mdash -

4500- 41

0 I_ I_ I_ I_

5 Miles I

Topographic maps show quantitatively the configuration of the land surface This is accomplished by drawing contours that represent level lines on the earths surface Irregularities in the contour lines reflect the ground plan shape of the land forms the spacing between the contours measures the amount of slope In addition topographic maps show the works of man such as roads railroads and buildings and drainage features such as perrenial streams intermittent streams springs and marshes

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

CC

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLEGEOLOGICAL SURVEY

N N_ N -k bulljdegbullI

c szbull-bullbull

4h11111111112140 l

cPr 1 A r QbsV

1

cc74rclfft4cl A07

1302t444-4

IAMIAt1117 44 ftJ_

-bullbullbullbullbullbullbull re fr

A i

41(0401atoow_promitwocer

A Z

5 Miles0 L_ 21c3i 4ic

EXPLANATION

Young fan deposits gravel with admixed sand silt and clay

Ple

isto

cene

La

ke B

onn

eville

de

pos

its

____

__

dbull__

___-

-

Q bsi Qbc

Gravel member Sand member Silt member Clay somber gravel and sand clean sand forms lake bottom lake bottom in delta deposits offshore bars and deposit deposit Ccdelta deposits op 4 50 1F-ci74C1 CO3 = SO3 Cldeg3 5deg3 3 3

CO3gtS0 iLci 3

Old fan deposits bouldery gravel with admixed sand silt clay Considerable caliche in upper layers

U

CL

BedroCk mostly limestone some quartzite

Fault dotted where concealed

GEOLOGIC MAP

UNITID STATES DEPARTMENT OF THI INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N WVAlsquo OtOLOOICAL SORVIV

bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull N14NbullNN$amp

bullbullbull lsquolsquobull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullsv

bull bullNbullbull

FIRST EVENT These ancient rocks folded and faulted upward to form mountains

THIRD EVENT This fault became active 5-10 feet of movement before Lake Bonneville time fault extends under lake beds and

FIFTH EVENT This fault again active 20 feet of displacement

may have recurrent movement anytime

SIXTH EVENT This fan and the small one 3 miles west were built on

SECOND EVENT This fan built of gravel etc eroded from mountain

top of Lake Bonneville deposits after the lake had disappeared These poet Bonneville fans are still being built

FOURTH EVENT Valley inundated by glacial Lake Bonneville Delta of gravel (Qbg) built at mouth of Alpine Canyon Shore currents moved sand (Qbs) westshyward on delta and in bars in front of delta Silt (Qbsi) deposited near-shore clay (Qbc) deposited offshore These lake deposits are underlain by the pre-Bonneville fans which represent the second event

READING GEOLOGIC HISTORY FROM THE GEOLOGIC MAP

UNITED STATICS DEPARTMENT OP INS INTERIOR OKOLOMDAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N410AN

Qbsi

v a RG W

iii AQbc bdquobdquo

lsquo114 0 bdquo

bdquobdquobdquo 7oc)

04 1A

4=411=iN4IMM bdquobdquobdquobdquo bdquobdquobdquobdquov

Miles I 1 0

Hard rocks Good source for limestone or quartzite for building stone riprap Quarry operations would require drilling and blasting Limestone suitable for cement

2 This gravel is angular but silty poorly graded and contains considerable secondary line not suitable for concrete aggregate poor source for road metal

3 This gravel well rounded and well graded but contains considerable line not suitable for concrete aggregate excellent road metal

4 This gravel poorly graded fragments in part angular and in part well rounded deposit is free of secondary lime best source for concrete aggregate

Clay deposit contains lime and other water-soluble salts fair source for structural clay good source for seal clay not suitable for high grade ceramic purposes

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

5

_

UNITED STATEreg DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

010LOGIOAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

bullW bull s UIRdegVlsquo_5 _ _bdquo bdquo__I _ ilk _ -_ __bdquotbdquobull _ N oqI_ N I _k N srcIIIt N __ cbull ii

bull 1_ bull

bull bullbullbullbullbull 1bullbullbullbull bull bull Y Dbull(5 04_-_ - lelbullbull-bullbullbull bull bull bull1_ bull bull 4 Alsdeg bull __ _ - bull4i i bullbullbullbullbull_ li bullbullbullbull1bullbullF _ 4bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull 7 i F i bull N)

iffI bullbull-iqiiiiQfgEf 001

0 ibullAo p )_bullbull-i-_ _-

si 1 _bullbull_ bull_ bull_ 0 bull_bull_ibull_1bullbull__ 0

bull e bullbull 55deg _bullbull_ _ iiiII_ bull bull__

bull I bull-2k_ __ xbullwk_10bullbull ___ bull --------_ b

QbsiA IIP7 rof

bull-----bull

ie-vrAzI 40c--Jbullbull _ AA AIAQ bdquo __ _er__it A_ __ r fir 7 gr Pi

rbdpl oi1111111111111deg Ae _ _ __ 10 i _41 __44 _ 4 _

Qbsi---- rrAo4070ore4r bull IPVIr4t1dc1dr9jvir

ii 41 ii c _ c7 3 0 1-9f7OR 0 2 _ _00p1-1- lsquo AV bull

i 2 Je ` _ 0 a R 0 r AlAralAffej 0 A

_ -- 4-f44ipeopir_ r bdquobdquo iii bdquo 00 bdquobullobc bull obic f bull04 bdquobdquo _ 40 gt bdquobdquobdquo bdquo bdquo bdquo 4_ 55bull A i 5 z _ _i iti lsquo -r _44bull oii J47)_ 40 40e W1

414 4

i1 3 o iiiiN

_ Z V iii i Oiii iii - _ iii

K Miles s

A Clay ground poor surface drainage no subsurface drainage road metal and fill for subgrades must be hauled from area B or C Ground easily excavated by power shovel or dozer operation Will require aubdrains

Gravelly and silty ground fairly adequate surface and subsurface drainage Good foundation

for roads or buildings Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intersecting the groundshywater perched on the underlying impermeable Lake Bonneville beds This area lies across the projection of one of the recently active faults (see E)

Gravelly ground with excellent subsurface drainage ground easily excavated by power shovelC or dozer Excellent road foundation the deposit rests against one of the recently active

faults so buildings should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale (see E)

Sandy ground underlain by silt at depths less than 8 feet good surface drainage down to theD silt Easily excavated by hand tools Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intershysecting groundwater perched on the silt Good foundation for roads but clay is needed for binding sand

Two recently active faults Movement on either one may be renewed at any time causing earth-E quakes Buildings within a mile or so of the faults or their projection should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale Five miles from the faults the shocks would not be expected to exceed intensity 5

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO FOUNDATION AND EXCAVATION CONDITIONS

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

0 9 RG W

4i

-_mdash -

4500- 41

0 I_ I_ I_ I_

5 Miles I

Topographic maps show quantitatively the configuration of the land surface This is accomplished by drawing contours that represent level lines on the earths surface Irregularities in the contour lines reflect the ground plan shape of the land forms the spacing between the contours measures the amount of slope In addition topographic maps show the works of man such as roads railroads and buildings and drainage features such as perrenial streams intermittent streams springs and marshes

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

CC

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLEGEOLOGICAL SURVEY

N N_ N -k bulljdegbullI

c szbull-bullbull

4h11111111112140 l

cPr 1 A r QbsV

1

cc74rclfft4cl A07

1302t444-4

IAMIAt1117 44 ftJ_

-bullbullbullbullbullbullbull re fr

A i

41(0401atoow_promitwocer

A Z

5 Miles0 L_ 21c3i 4ic

EXPLANATION

Young fan deposits gravel with admixed sand silt and clay

Ple

isto

cene

La

ke B

onn

eville

de

pos

its

____

__

dbull__

___-

-

Q bsi Qbc

Gravel member Sand member Silt member Clay somber gravel and sand clean sand forms lake bottom lake bottom in delta deposits offshore bars and deposit deposit Ccdelta deposits op 4 50 1F-ci74C1 CO3 = SO3 Cldeg3 5deg3 3 3

CO3gtS0 iLci 3

Old fan deposits bouldery gravel with admixed sand silt clay Considerable caliche in upper layers

U

CL

BedroCk mostly limestone some quartzite

Fault dotted where concealed

GEOLOGIC MAP

UNITID STATES DEPARTMENT OF THI INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N WVAlsquo OtOLOOICAL SORVIV

bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull N14NbullNN$amp

bullbullbull lsquolsquobull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullsv

bull bullNbullbull

FIRST EVENT These ancient rocks folded and faulted upward to form mountains

THIRD EVENT This fault became active 5-10 feet of movement before Lake Bonneville time fault extends under lake beds and

FIFTH EVENT This fault again active 20 feet of displacement

may have recurrent movement anytime

SIXTH EVENT This fan and the small one 3 miles west were built on

SECOND EVENT This fan built of gravel etc eroded from mountain

top of Lake Bonneville deposits after the lake had disappeared These poet Bonneville fans are still being built

FOURTH EVENT Valley inundated by glacial Lake Bonneville Delta of gravel (Qbg) built at mouth of Alpine Canyon Shore currents moved sand (Qbs) westshyward on delta and in bars in front of delta Silt (Qbsi) deposited near-shore clay (Qbc) deposited offshore These lake deposits are underlain by the pre-Bonneville fans which represent the second event

READING GEOLOGIC HISTORY FROM THE GEOLOGIC MAP

UNITED STATICS DEPARTMENT OP INS INTERIOR OKOLOMDAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N410AN

Qbsi

v a RG W

iii AQbc bdquobdquo

lsquo114 0 bdquo

bdquobdquobdquo 7oc)

04 1A

4=411=iN4IMM bdquobdquobdquobdquo bdquobdquobdquobdquov

Miles I 1 0

Hard rocks Good source for limestone or quartzite for building stone riprap Quarry operations would require drilling and blasting Limestone suitable for cement

2 This gravel is angular but silty poorly graded and contains considerable secondary line not suitable for concrete aggregate poor source for road metal

3 This gravel well rounded and well graded but contains considerable line not suitable for concrete aggregate excellent road metal

4 This gravel poorly graded fragments in part angular and in part well rounded deposit is free of secondary lime best source for concrete aggregate

Clay deposit contains lime and other water-soluble salts fair source for structural clay good source for seal clay not suitable for high grade ceramic purposes

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

5

_

UNITED STATEreg DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

010LOGIOAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

bullW bull s UIRdegVlsquo_5 _ _bdquo bdquo__I _ ilk _ -_ __bdquotbdquobull _ N oqI_ N I _k N srcIIIt N __ cbull ii

bull 1_ bull

bull bullbullbullbullbull 1bullbullbullbull bull bull Y Dbull(5 04_-_ - lelbullbull-bullbullbull bull bull bull1_ bull bull 4 Alsdeg bull __ _ - bull4i i bullbullbullbullbull_ li bullbullbullbull1bullbullF _ 4bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull 7 i F i bull N)

iffI bullbull-iqiiiiQfgEf 001

0 ibullAo p )_bullbull-i-_ _-

si 1 _bullbull_ bull_ bull_ 0 bull_bull_ibull_1bullbull__ 0

bull e bullbull 55deg _bullbull_ _ iiiII_ bull bull__

bull I bull-2k_ __ xbullwk_10bullbull ___ bull --------_ b

QbsiA IIP7 rof

bull-----bull

ie-vrAzI 40c--Jbullbull _ AA AIAQ bdquo __ _er__it A_ __ r fir 7 gr Pi

rbdpl oi1111111111111deg Ae _ _ __ 10 i _41 __44 _ 4 _

Qbsi---- rrAo4070ore4r bull IPVIr4t1dc1dr9jvir

ii 41 ii c _ c7 3 0 1-9f7OR 0 2 _ _00p1-1- lsquo AV bull

i 2 Je ` _ 0 a R 0 r AlAralAffej 0 A

_ -- 4-f44ipeopir_ r bdquobdquo iii bdquo 00 bdquobullobc bull obic f bull04 bdquobdquo _ 40 gt bdquobdquobdquo bdquo bdquo bdquo 4_ 55bull A i 5 z _ _i iti lsquo -r _44bull oii J47)_ 40 40e W1

414 4

i1 3 o iiiiN

_ Z V iii i Oiii iii - _ iii

K Miles s

A Clay ground poor surface drainage no subsurface drainage road metal and fill for subgrades must be hauled from area B or C Ground easily excavated by power shovel or dozer operation Will require aubdrains

Gravelly and silty ground fairly adequate surface and subsurface drainage Good foundation

for roads or buildings Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intersecting the groundshywater perched on the underlying impermeable Lake Bonneville beds This area lies across the projection of one of the recently active faults (see E)

Gravelly ground with excellent subsurface drainage ground easily excavated by power shovelC or dozer Excellent road foundation the deposit rests against one of the recently active

faults so buildings should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale (see E)

Sandy ground underlain by silt at depths less than 8 feet good surface drainage down to theD silt Easily excavated by hand tools Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intershysecting groundwater perched on the silt Good foundation for roads but clay is needed for binding sand

Two recently active faults Movement on either one may be renewed at any time causing earth-E quakes Buildings within a mile or so of the faults or their projection should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale Five miles from the faults the shocks would not be expected to exceed intensity 5

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO FOUNDATION AND EXCAVATION CONDITIONS

CC

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLEGEOLOGICAL SURVEY

N N_ N -k bulljdegbullI

c szbull-bullbull

4h11111111112140 l

cPr 1 A r QbsV

1

cc74rclfft4cl A07

1302t444-4

IAMIAt1117 44 ftJ_

-bullbullbullbullbullbullbull re fr

A i

41(0401atoow_promitwocer

A Z

5 Miles0 L_ 21c3i 4ic

EXPLANATION

Young fan deposits gravel with admixed sand silt and clay

Ple

isto

cene

La

ke B

onn

eville

de

pos

its

____

__

dbull__

___-

-

Q bsi Qbc

Gravel member Sand member Silt member Clay somber gravel and sand clean sand forms lake bottom lake bottom in delta deposits offshore bars and deposit deposit Ccdelta deposits op 4 50 1F-ci74C1 CO3 = SO3 Cldeg3 5deg3 3 3

CO3gtS0 iLci 3

Old fan deposits bouldery gravel with admixed sand silt clay Considerable caliche in upper layers

U

CL

BedroCk mostly limestone some quartzite

Fault dotted where concealed

GEOLOGIC MAP

UNITID STATES DEPARTMENT OF THI INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N WVAlsquo OtOLOOICAL SORVIV

bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull N14NbullNN$amp

bullbullbull lsquolsquobull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullsv

bull bullNbullbull

FIRST EVENT These ancient rocks folded and faulted upward to form mountains

THIRD EVENT This fault became active 5-10 feet of movement before Lake Bonneville time fault extends under lake beds and

FIFTH EVENT This fault again active 20 feet of displacement

may have recurrent movement anytime

SIXTH EVENT This fan and the small one 3 miles west were built on

SECOND EVENT This fan built of gravel etc eroded from mountain

top of Lake Bonneville deposits after the lake had disappeared These poet Bonneville fans are still being built

FOURTH EVENT Valley inundated by glacial Lake Bonneville Delta of gravel (Qbg) built at mouth of Alpine Canyon Shore currents moved sand (Qbs) westshyward on delta and in bars in front of delta Silt (Qbsi) deposited near-shore clay (Qbc) deposited offshore These lake deposits are underlain by the pre-Bonneville fans which represent the second event

READING GEOLOGIC HISTORY FROM THE GEOLOGIC MAP

UNITED STATICS DEPARTMENT OP INS INTERIOR OKOLOMDAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N410AN

Qbsi

v a RG W

iii AQbc bdquobdquo

lsquo114 0 bdquo

bdquobdquobdquo 7oc)

04 1A

4=411=iN4IMM bdquobdquobdquobdquo bdquobdquobdquobdquov

Miles I 1 0

Hard rocks Good source for limestone or quartzite for building stone riprap Quarry operations would require drilling and blasting Limestone suitable for cement

2 This gravel is angular but silty poorly graded and contains considerable secondary line not suitable for concrete aggregate poor source for road metal

3 This gravel well rounded and well graded but contains considerable line not suitable for concrete aggregate excellent road metal

4 This gravel poorly graded fragments in part angular and in part well rounded deposit is free of secondary lime best source for concrete aggregate

Clay deposit contains lime and other water-soluble salts fair source for structural clay good source for seal clay not suitable for high grade ceramic purposes

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

5

_

UNITED STATEreg DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

010LOGIOAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

bullW bull s UIRdegVlsquo_5 _ _bdquo bdquo__I _ ilk _ -_ __bdquotbdquobull _ N oqI_ N I _k N srcIIIt N __ cbull ii

bull 1_ bull

bull bullbullbullbullbull 1bullbullbullbull bull bull Y Dbull(5 04_-_ - lelbullbull-bullbullbull bull bull bull1_ bull bull 4 Alsdeg bull __ _ - bull4i i bullbullbullbullbull_ li bullbullbullbull1bullbullF _ 4bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull 7 i F i bull N)

iffI bullbull-iqiiiiQfgEf 001

0 ibullAo p )_bullbull-i-_ _-

si 1 _bullbull_ bull_ bull_ 0 bull_bull_ibull_1bullbull__ 0

bull e bullbull 55deg _bullbull_ _ iiiII_ bull bull__

bull I bull-2k_ __ xbullwk_10bullbull ___ bull --------_ b

QbsiA IIP7 rof

bull-----bull

ie-vrAzI 40c--Jbullbull _ AA AIAQ bdquo __ _er__it A_ __ r fir 7 gr Pi

rbdpl oi1111111111111deg Ae _ _ __ 10 i _41 __44 _ 4 _

Qbsi---- rrAo4070ore4r bull IPVIr4t1dc1dr9jvir

ii 41 ii c _ c7 3 0 1-9f7OR 0 2 _ _00p1-1- lsquo AV bull

i 2 Je ` _ 0 a R 0 r AlAralAffej 0 A

_ -- 4-f44ipeopir_ r bdquobdquo iii bdquo 00 bdquobullobc bull obic f bull04 bdquobdquo _ 40 gt bdquobdquobdquo bdquo bdquo bdquo 4_ 55bull A i 5 z _ _i iti lsquo -r _44bull oii J47)_ 40 40e W1

414 4

i1 3 o iiiiN

_ Z V iii i Oiii iii - _ iii

K Miles s

A Clay ground poor surface drainage no subsurface drainage road metal and fill for subgrades must be hauled from area B or C Ground easily excavated by power shovel or dozer operation Will require aubdrains

Gravelly and silty ground fairly adequate surface and subsurface drainage Good foundation

for roads or buildings Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intersecting the groundshywater perched on the underlying impermeable Lake Bonneville beds This area lies across the projection of one of the recently active faults (see E)

Gravelly ground with excellent subsurface drainage ground easily excavated by power shovelC or dozer Excellent road foundation the deposit rests against one of the recently active

faults so buildings should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale (see E)

Sandy ground underlain by silt at depths less than 8 feet good surface drainage down to theD silt Easily excavated by hand tools Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intershysecting groundwater perched on the silt Good foundation for roads but clay is needed for binding sand

Two recently active faults Movement on either one may be renewed at any time causing earth-E quakes Buildings within a mile or so of the faults or their projection should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale Five miles from the faults the shocks would not be expected to exceed intensity 5

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO FOUNDATION AND EXCAVATION CONDITIONS

UNITID STATES DEPARTMENT OF THI INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N WVAlsquo OtOLOOICAL SORVIV

bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull N14NbullNN$amp

bullbullbull lsquolsquobull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullsv

bull bullNbullbull

FIRST EVENT These ancient rocks folded and faulted upward to form mountains

THIRD EVENT This fault became active 5-10 feet of movement before Lake Bonneville time fault extends under lake beds and

FIFTH EVENT This fault again active 20 feet of displacement

may have recurrent movement anytime

SIXTH EVENT This fan and the small one 3 miles west were built on

SECOND EVENT This fan built of gravel etc eroded from mountain

top of Lake Bonneville deposits after the lake had disappeared These poet Bonneville fans are still being built

FOURTH EVENT Valley inundated by glacial Lake Bonneville Delta of gravel (Qbg) built at mouth of Alpine Canyon Shore currents moved sand (Qbs) westshyward on delta and in bars in front of delta Silt (Qbsi) deposited near-shore clay (Qbc) deposited offshore These lake deposits are underlain by the pre-Bonneville fans which represent the second event

READING GEOLOGIC HISTORY FROM THE GEOLOGIC MAP

UNITED STATICS DEPARTMENT OP INS INTERIOR OKOLOMDAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N410AN

Qbsi

v a RG W

iii AQbc bdquobdquo

lsquo114 0 bdquo

bdquobdquobdquo 7oc)

04 1A

4=411=iN4IMM bdquobdquobdquobdquo bdquobdquobdquobdquov

Miles I 1 0

Hard rocks Good source for limestone or quartzite for building stone riprap Quarry operations would require drilling and blasting Limestone suitable for cement

2 This gravel is angular but silty poorly graded and contains considerable secondary line not suitable for concrete aggregate poor source for road metal

3 This gravel well rounded and well graded but contains considerable line not suitable for concrete aggregate excellent road metal

4 This gravel poorly graded fragments in part angular and in part well rounded deposit is free of secondary lime best source for concrete aggregate

Clay deposit contains lime and other water-soluble salts fair source for structural clay good source for seal clay not suitable for high grade ceramic purposes

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

5

_

UNITED STATEreg DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

010LOGIOAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

bullW bull s UIRdegVlsquo_5 _ _bdquo bdquo__I _ ilk _ -_ __bdquotbdquobull _ N oqI_ N I _k N srcIIIt N __ cbull ii

bull 1_ bull

bull bullbullbullbullbull 1bullbullbullbull bull bull Y Dbull(5 04_-_ - lelbullbull-bullbullbull bull bull bull1_ bull bull 4 Alsdeg bull __ _ - bull4i i bullbullbullbullbull_ li bullbullbullbull1bullbullF _ 4bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull 7 i F i bull N)

iffI bullbull-iqiiiiQfgEf 001

0 ibullAo p )_bullbull-i-_ _-

si 1 _bullbull_ bull_ bull_ 0 bull_bull_ibull_1bullbull__ 0

bull e bullbull 55deg _bullbull_ _ iiiII_ bull bull__

bull I bull-2k_ __ xbullwk_10bullbull ___ bull --------_ b

QbsiA IIP7 rof

bull-----bull

ie-vrAzI 40c--Jbullbull _ AA AIAQ bdquo __ _er__it A_ __ r fir 7 gr Pi

rbdpl oi1111111111111deg Ae _ _ __ 10 i _41 __44 _ 4 _

Qbsi---- rrAo4070ore4r bull IPVIr4t1dc1dr9jvir

ii 41 ii c _ c7 3 0 1-9f7OR 0 2 _ _00p1-1- lsquo AV bull

i 2 Je ` _ 0 a R 0 r AlAralAffej 0 A

_ -- 4-f44ipeopir_ r bdquobdquo iii bdquo 00 bdquobullobc bull obic f bull04 bdquobdquo _ 40 gt bdquobdquobdquo bdquo bdquo bdquo 4_ 55bull A i 5 z _ _i iti lsquo -r _44bull oii J47)_ 40 40e W1

414 4

i1 3 o iiiiN

_ Z V iii i Oiii iii - _ iii

K Miles s

A Clay ground poor surface drainage no subsurface drainage road metal and fill for subgrades must be hauled from area B or C Ground easily excavated by power shovel or dozer operation Will require aubdrains

Gravelly and silty ground fairly adequate surface and subsurface drainage Good foundation

for roads or buildings Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intersecting the groundshywater perched on the underlying impermeable Lake Bonneville beds This area lies across the projection of one of the recently active faults (see E)

Gravelly ground with excellent subsurface drainage ground easily excavated by power shovelC or dozer Excellent road foundation the deposit rests against one of the recently active

faults so buildings should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale (see E)

Sandy ground underlain by silt at depths less than 8 feet good surface drainage down to theD silt Easily excavated by hand tools Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intershysecting groundwater perched on the silt Good foundation for roads but clay is needed for binding sand

Two recently active faults Movement on either one may be renewed at any time causing earth-E quakes Buildings within a mile or so of the faults or their projection should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale Five miles from the faults the shocks would not be expected to exceed intensity 5

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO FOUNDATION AND EXCAVATION CONDITIONS

UNITED STATICS DEPARTMENT OP INS INTERIOR OKOLOMDAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

N410AN

Qbsi

v a RG W

iii AQbc bdquobdquo

lsquo114 0 bdquo

bdquobdquobdquo 7oc)

04 1A

4=411=iN4IMM bdquobdquobdquobdquo bdquobdquobdquobdquov

Miles I 1 0

Hard rocks Good source for limestone or quartzite for building stone riprap Quarry operations would require drilling and blasting Limestone suitable for cement

2 This gravel is angular but silty poorly graded and contains considerable secondary line not suitable for concrete aggregate poor source for road metal

3 This gravel well rounded and well graded but contains considerable line not suitable for concrete aggregate excellent road metal

4 This gravel poorly graded fragments in part angular and in part well rounded deposit is free of secondary lime best source for concrete aggregate

Clay deposit contains lime and other water-soluble salts fair source for structural clay good source for seal clay not suitable for high grade ceramic purposes

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

5

_

UNITED STATEreg DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

010LOGIOAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

bullW bull s UIRdegVlsquo_5 _ _bdquo bdquo__I _ ilk _ -_ __bdquotbdquobull _ N oqI_ N I _k N srcIIIt N __ cbull ii

bull 1_ bull

bull bullbullbullbullbull 1bullbullbullbull bull bull Y Dbull(5 04_-_ - lelbullbull-bullbullbull bull bull bull1_ bull bull 4 Alsdeg bull __ _ - bull4i i bullbullbullbullbull_ li bullbullbullbull1bullbullF _ 4bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull 7 i F i bull N)

iffI bullbull-iqiiiiQfgEf 001

0 ibullAo p )_bullbull-i-_ _-

si 1 _bullbull_ bull_ bull_ 0 bull_bull_ibull_1bullbull__ 0

bull e bullbull 55deg _bullbull_ _ iiiII_ bull bull__

bull I bull-2k_ __ xbullwk_10bullbull ___ bull --------_ b

QbsiA IIP7 rof

bull-----bull

ie-vrAzI 40c--Jbullbull _ AA AIAQ bdquo __ _er__it A_ __ r fir 7 gr Pi

rbdpl oi1111111111111deg Ae _ _ __ 10 i _41 __44 _ 4 _

Qbsi---- rrAo4070ore4r bull IPVIr4t1dc1dr9jvir

ii 41 ii c _ c7 3 0 1-9f7OR 0 2 _ _00p1-1- lsquo AV bull

i 2 Je ` _ 0 a R 0 r AlAralAffej 0 A

_ -- 4-f44ipeopir_ r bdquobdquo iii bdquo 00 bdquobullobc bull obic f bull04 bdquobdquo _ 40 gt bdquobdquobdquo bdquo bdquo bdquo 4_ 55bull A i 5 z _ _i iti lsquo -r _44bull oii J47)_ 40 40e W1

414 4

i1 3 o iiiiN

_ Z V iii i Oiii iii - _ iii

K Miles s

A Clay ground poor surface drainage no subsurface drainage road metal and fill for subgrades must be hauled from area B or C Ground easily excavated by power shovel or dozer operation Will require aubdrains

Gravelly and silty ground fairly adequate surface and subsurface drainage Good foundation

for roads or buildings Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intersecting the groundshywater perched on the underlying impermeable Lake Bonneville beds This area lies across the projection of one of the recently active faults (see E)

Gravelly ground with excellent subsurface drainage ground easily excavated by power shovelC or dozer Excellent road foundation the deposit rests against one of the recently active

faults so buildings should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale (see E)

Sandy ground underlain by silt at depths less than 8 feet good surface drainage down to theD silt Easily excavated by hand tools Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intershysecting groundwater perched on the silt Good foundation for roads but clay is needed for binding sand

Two recently active faults Movement on either one may be renewed at any time causing earth-E quakes Buildings within a mile or so of the faults or their projection should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale Five miles from the faults the shocks would not be expected to exceed intensity 5

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO FOUNDATION AND EXCAVATION CONDITIONS

_

UNITED STATEreg DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

010LOGIOAL SURVEY ALPINE QUADRANGLE

bullW bull s UIRdegVlsquo_5 _ _bdquo bdquo__I _ ilk _ -_ __bdquotbdquobull _ N oqI_ N I _k N srcIIIt N __ cbull ii

bull 1_ bull

bull bullbullbullbullbull 1bullbullbullbull bull bull Y Dbull(5 04_-_ - lelbullbull-bullbullbull bull bull bull1_ bull bull 4 Alsdeg bull __ _ - bull4i i bullbullbullbullbull_ li bullbullbullbull1bullbullF _ 4bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull 7 i F i bull N)

iffI bullbull-iqiiiiQfgEf 001

0 ibullAo p )_bullbull-i-_ _-

si 1 _bullbull_ bull_ bull_ 0 bull_bull_ibull_1bullbull__ 0

bull e bullbull 55deg _bullbull_ _ iiiII_ bull bull__

bull I bull-2k_ __ xbullwk_10bullbull ___ bull --------_ b

QbsiA IIP7 rof

bull-----bull

ie-vrAzI 40c--Jbullbull _ AA AIAQ bdquo __ _er__it A_ __ r fir 7 gr Pi

rbdpl oi1111111111111deg Ae _ _ __ 10 i _41 __44 _ 4 _

Qbsi---- rrAo4070ore4r bull IPVIr4t1dc1dr9jvir

ii 41 ii c _ c7 3 0 1-9f7OR 0 2 _ _00p1-1- lsquo AV bull

i 2 Je ` _ 0 a R 0 r AlAralAffej 0 A

_ -- 4-f44ipeopir_ r bdquobdquo iii bdquo 00 bdquobullobc bull obic f bull04 bdquobdquo _ 40 gt bdquobdquobdquo bdquo bdquo bdquo 4_ 55bull A i 5 z _ _i iti lsquo -r _44bull oii J47)_ 40 40e W1

414 4

i1 3 o iiiiN

_ Z V iii i Oiii iii - _ iii

K Miles s

A Clay ground poor surface drainage no subsurface drainage road metal and fill for subgrades must be hauled from area B or C Ground easily excavated by power shovel or dozer operation Will require aubdrains

Gravelly and silty ground fairly adequate surface and subsurface drainage Good foundation

for roads or buildings Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intersecting the groundshywater perched on the underlying impermeable Lake Bonneville beds This area lies across the projection of one of the recently active faults (see E)

Gravelly ground with excellent subsurface drainage ground easily excavated by power shovelC or dozer Excellent road foundation the deposit rests against one of the recently active

faults so buildings should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale (see E)

Sandy ground underlain by silt at depths less than 8 feet good surface drainage down to theD silt Easily excavated by hand tools Basement excavations must be shallow to avoid intershysecting groundwater perched on the silt Good foundation for roads but clay is needed for binding sand

Two recently active faults Movement on either one may be renewed at any time causing earth-E quakes Buildings within a mile or so of the faults or their projection should be constructed to withstand shocks of intensity 8 R-F scale Five miles from the faults the shocks would not be expected to exceed intensity 5

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO FOUNDATION AND EXCAVATION CONDITIONS

UNITED lams ogrARTIAINT OF THE INTERIOR

OKOLOW0AL SURVEY

0

A B This old fan Groundwater is deposit under- perched on the lies all Lake impermeable lake Bonneville beds 10-15 feet deposits It below the surshyis an aquifer face of this that can be young fan reached by deposit This drilling in groundwater the south part however is of the area subject to

pollution by town sewage

oworexspwo I rAbull410 7070740X bullbullbull r

5 Miles

C Zone of seeps at edge of young fan deposits where shallow groundshywater (see box B) emerges at surface Seeps polluted

ALPINE QUADRANGLE

Moderate quantities of good quality groundwater available at base of this delta deposit about 40 feet below surface

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO PROBLEMS OF UNDERGROUND WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY ENGINEERING

UNITED STATES IMPARTMENT OP THE PRI1r1111011

GEOLOOMAL SURVEY ALPINE OfiALYRARELE

Vi

0 k

144bulliv 4 40ZOWOZ13011

1 VV

O

Permeability and Area elope of

Impermeable I elopes steep

Moderately permeable

2 elopes moderate

Nigbly permeable gentle slopes

3

Moderately permeable

4 low slopes

Impermeable and ground

5 nearly flat

bull I i lel) bdquo4iZiiZ ii0lsquo17 400 -

bull

Swat condition

Maximum coefficient of runoff

Little runoff during moderate storms considerable runoff during severe storms

Practically no runoff even following most severe stores

Moderate runoff during severe storms

Inter steads in pools for long periods after rains

II i

4

5 Miles

4W __J 41ty OA Wood control drainage and

canal problems

Principal source of floods that would be hazardous in valley

Subject to floods from canyon during severe storms may discharge floods from surface runoff Moderate seepage losses can be expected from canals

Mo flood control problem Reservoirs and canals require sealing to avoid excessive seepage losses

Subject to flash floods from canyoncModerate seepage losses can be expected from reservoirs and canals

Ground readily flooded and difficult to draincMo seepage losses from reservoirs or canals

X Lewer limit of perennial flow in streams draining mountain

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO SURFACE WATER PROBLEMS SUCH AS FLOOD CONTROL DRAINAGE CANAL CONSTRUCTION ETC

4

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLEGEOLOGICAL SURVEY

alb

Qbs

bull bull fffi lat

ijr Mlsquoleii5TOP7 472r

4i i = =bdquo_

Are7 70

= 404W 11 1Mlsquo9

4 5 Miles0 L 1 J

Mountainous area soil generally thin and stoney Locally there is a fossil soil having 10 foot of leached clay (an excellent source of structural clay) Principal watershed supplying valley area Forested

2 Stoney and in part bouldery ground In places covered by fossil soil (See 1) locally the leached clay has been eroded exposing strongly lime-enriched gravel and silt

Stoney ground Top foot is brown windblown silt containing well rounded gravel common large3 size 1 - 2 inches diameter Five to ten feet of lime-enriched gravel beginning a foot below the surface

4 Clean quarts sand grains -114 mm diameter well rounded stained by iron-oxide No silt matrix some lime carbonate cement Locally blown into low dunes

5 Stoney ground silt matrix Slightly lime-enriched sone less than a foot thick nadir surface layer of leached silt and gravel 6 inches thick

6 Silt ground Contains about 3 of water-soluble salts -- 15 of calcium carbonate and 15 of sulfates and chlorides of sodium and potassium These salts leached from top 6 inches and redeposited in next foot

Clay ground Contains about 4 of water-soluble salts -- 1 of calcium carbonate and 3 of7 sulfates and chlorides of sodium and potassium These salts locally form surface crusts around moist depressions

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO SOILS AND LAND UTILIZATION PROBLEMS

DATE DUE

GAYLORD PRINTED IN USA

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3
• Page 4
• Page 5
• Page 6
• Page 7
• Page 8
• Page 9
• Page 10
• Page 11
• Page 12
• Page 13
• Page 14

UNITED STATES IMPARTMENT OP THE PRI1r1111011

GEOLOOMAL SURVEY ALPINE OfiALYRARELE

Vi

0 k

144bulliv 4 40ZOWOZ13011

1 VV

O

Permeability and Area elope of

Impermeable I elopes steep

Moderately permeable

2 elopes moderate

Nigbly permeable gentle slopes

3

Moderately permeable

4 low slopes

Impermeable and ground

5 nearly flat

bull I i lel) bdquo4iZiiZ ii0lsquo17 400 -

bull

Swat condition

Maximum coefficient of runoff

Little runoff during moderate storms considerable runoff during severe storms

Practically no runoff even following most severe stores

Moderate runoff during severe storms

Inter steads in pools for long periods after rains

II i

4

5 Miles

4W __J 41ty OA Wood control drainage and

canal problems

Principal source of floods that would be hazardous in valley

Subject to floods from canyon during severe storms may discharge floods from surface runoff Moderate seepage losses can be expected from canals

Mo flood control problem Reservoirs and canals require sealing to avoid excessive seepage losses

Subject to flash floods from canyoncModerate seepage losses can be expected from reservoirs and canals

Ground readily flooded and difficult to draincMo seepage losses from reservoirs or canals

X Lewer limit of perennial flow in streams draining mountain

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO SURFACE WATER PROBLEMS SUCH AS FLOOD CONTROL DRAINAGE CANAL CONSTRUCTION ETC

4

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLEGEOLOGICAL SURVEY

alb

Qbs

bull bull fffi lat

ijr Mlsquoleii5TOP7 472r

4i i = =bdquo_

Are7 70

= 404W 11 1Mlsquo9

4 5 Miles0 L 1 J

Mountainous area soil generally thin and stoney Locally there is a fossil soil having 10 foot of leached clay (an excellent source of structural clay) Principal watershed supplying valley area Forested

2 Stoney and in part bouldery ground In places covered by fossil soil (See 1) locally the leached clay has been eroded exposing strongly lime-enriched gravel and silt

Stoney ground Top foot is brown windblown silt containing well rounded gravel common large3 size 1 - 2 inches diameter Five to ten feet of lime-enriched gravel beginning a foot below the surface

4 Clean quarts sand grains -114 mm diameter well rounded stained by iron-oxide No silt matrix some lime carbonate cement Locally blown into low dunes

5 Stoney ground silt matrix Slightly lime-enriched sone less than a foot thick nadir surface layer of leached silt and gravel 6 inches thick

6 Silt ground Contains about 3 of water-soluble salts -- 15 of calcium carbonate and 15 of sulfates and chlorides of sodium and potassium These salts leached from top 6 inches and redeposited in next foot

Clay ground Contains about 4 of water-soluble salts -- 1 of calcium carbonate and 3 of7 sulfates and chlorides of sodium and potassium These salts locally form surface crusts around moist depressions

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO SOILS AND LAND UTILIZATION PROBLEMS

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALPINE QUADRANGLEGEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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Mountainous area soil generally thin and stoney Locally there is a fossil soil having 10 foot of leached clay (an excellent source of structural clay) Principal watershed supplying valley area Forested

2 Stoney and in part bouldery ground In places covered by fossil soil (See 1) locally the leached clay has been eroded exposing strongly lime-enriched gravel and silt

Stoney ground Top foot is brown windblown silt containing well rounded gravel common large3 size 1 - 2 inches diameter Five to ten feet of lime-enriched gravel beginning a foot below the surface

4 Clean quarts sand grains -114 mm diameter well rounded stained by iron-oxide No silt matrix some lime carbonate cement Locally blown into low dunes

5 Stoney ground silt matrix Slightly lime-enriched sone less than a foot thick nadir surface layer of leached silt and gravel 6 inches thick

6 Silt ground Contains about 3 of water-soluble salts -- 15 of calcium carbonate and 15 of sulfates and chlorides of sodium and potassium These salts leached from top 6 inches and redeposited in next foot

Clay ground Contains about 4 of water-soluble salts -- 1 of calcium carbonate and 3 of7 sulfates and chlorides of sodium and potassium These salts locally form surface crusts around moist depressions

THE GEOLOGIC MAP AS A GUIDE TO SOILS AND LAND UTILIZATION PROBLEMS

DATE DUE

GAYLORD PRINTED IN USA

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