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Interoperable provision of geodata and services according to the INSPIRE Directive in German geoportal sites

ICA Commission on Geoinformation Infrastructures and StandardsSDI-Open 2015

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Outline

• Part 1: Overview about INSPIRE

• Part 2: Some findings about INSPIRE‘s implementation and adoption

– regarding Gemany‘s federal SDI– Regarding Baden-Württemberg ( a Germen state)

• Summary

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Part 1: Overview about INSPIRE

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Rationale

• 20% of the EU citizens (115 million) live within 50 km from a border.• 70% of all fresh water bodies in Europe are part of a trans-boundary river basin.

• But: Environmental phenomena (polutions and disasters) do not stop at national borders!

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• Goals regarding the environment: – Support high level of protection of the environment across national borders– Enhance sensitivity of the citizens regarding environmental information and

policy making/decisions

+• Added economic value --> promotion of the (geospatial) business

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• General rules to establish an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe for Community environmental policies and policies

• Policies or activities with impact on the environment

• INSPIRE is built on the SDIs established and operated by the Member States + European INSPIRE portal (JRC)

• Spatial data held by/on behalf of public authorities

• Does not require collection of new data

INSPIRE Directive (2007)

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Common principles

• Efficiency: Data should be collected only once and kept where it can be maintained most effectively.

• Ability of combination and sharing: It should be possible to combine seamless spatial information from different sources across Europe and share it with many users and applications.

• Scale independency: It should be possible for information collected at one level/scale to be shared with all levels/scales; detailed for thorough investigations, general for strategic purposes.

• Transparency: Geographic information needed for good governance at all levels should be readily and transparently available.

• Accessibility: Easy to find what geographic information is available, how it can be used to meet a particular need, and under which conditions it can be acquired and used.

After: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/index.cfm/pageid/48

Concerning 34 geodata themes

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INSPIRE is a Framework Directive

• Implementing Rules (IR): legal acts for1. Metadata2. Data Themes and their Specifications3. Network based Services (discovery, view, download, transform, invoke)4. Data and Service Sharing5. Monitoring and Reporting

• To achieve and to assure interoperability of 1) spatial data sets and 2) Services

• Supported/Detailed by Technical Guidelines (TG)

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1. Metadata

• metadata for spatial data– For discovery, evaluation and use– keywords– simple search criteria about key characteristics about the data set– Spatial and temporal extent– Must be kept consistent with the actual resource

and • metadata for services (ISO19139)

– enables the discovery of spatial data services. – service type – operations parameters– geographic information

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34 Spatial Data Themes laid down in 3 Annexes – (required to successfully build environmental information systems)

2. Data themes

1. Coordinate reference systems

2. Geographical grid systems3. Geographical names4. Administrative units5. Addresses6. Cadastral parcels7. Transport networks (Road,

rail, air and water, ...)8. Hydrography (marine areas

and all other water bodies, ...)

9. Protected sites

10. Elevation11. Land cover12. Orthoimagery (from either

satellite or airborne sensors)13. Geology (bedrock, aquifers

and geomorphology)

Annex I Annex II

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:L:2007:108:FULL&from=EN

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Annex III

14. Statistical units15. Buildings16. Soil17. Land use18. Human health and safety19. Utility and governmental services20. Environmental monitoring facilities21. Production and industrial facilities22. Agricultural and aquaculture facilities23. Population distribution — demography24. Area management/restriction/regulation

zones and reporting units (dumping sites, restricted areas, …)

25. Natural risk zones26. Atmospheric conditions27. Meteorological geographical features28. Oceanographic geographical features29. Sea regions30. Bio-geographical regions31. Habitats and biotopes32. Species distribution33. Energy 34. Mineral resources

2. Data themes (cont‘d

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Data Sets according to Data Specifications• Required: Semantic Interoperability

– possibility to combine harmonized spatial data (and services) from different sources across the European Community in a consistent manner:• Interoperable spatial feature types (attributes, data types, code lists,

relationships) • common system of unique identifiers

• As well required: – a common encoding (GML application schemas)– common portrayal rules

• Public bodies can transform their spatial data into the relevant INSPIRE Data Specification schema

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3. Services

"… are necessary for sharing spatial data between the various levels of public authority in the Community." [DIRECTIVE 2007/2/EC (17)]

• Network services: service oriented architecture (SOA)– Metadata allow the description, discovery, and automatic usage of services– Services can be combined– Support by additional services and functionalities (i.e. Authentication,

Authorisation, DRM, eCommerce)

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3. Service categories

• Discovery services: search for spatial data sets and services on the basis of the content of corresponding metadata, and display the metadata content;

• View services: as a minimum, display, navigate, zoom in/out, pan, or overlay spatial data sets and display legend information and any relevant content of metadata;

• Download services: enabling copies of complete spatial data sets, or of parts of such sets, to be downloaded and where practicable, accessed directly;---> Download predefined data sets (atom) or data objects (WFS)

• Transformation services (for SRS and Data Models), enabling spatial data sets to be transformed with a view to achieving interoperability;

• Invoke SD services: allowing spatial data services to be invoked.

Registers Service Metadata

Data Set Metadata

Registry Service Discovery Service

Rights Management Layers

Applications and Geoportals

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2008

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Source: Technical Guidance for the implementation of INSPIRE Discovery Services. http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Network_Services/TechnicalGuidance_DiscoveryServices_v3.1.pdf [2015-08-11]

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Mapping INSPIRE to OGC Services

• View => WMS, WMTS, WTS

• Discovery => CSW, SWE

• Download ~ WFS and extensions, WCS, SOS

• Transformation, ~ CT OR Coordinate Transformation as WPS Profile + Schema Translation

• Invoke SD ~WPSService

After: INSPIRE Service Architecture, EuroGeographics Network Services Workshop, 5-6 February 2008, graham.vowles@ordnancesurvey.co.uk

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Specific requirementspartially extending / narrowing OGC‘s standards

• Integration of INSPIRE Service Metadata in the Capabilities documents?• Fulfilment of quality of service (QoS) requirements: Capacity > 30 request/s,

Availability: maximum unplanned downtime of 3.63 days per year (Service Availability is vital for SDIs!)

• Support of spatial reference systems EPSG:4326 and EPSG:4258 (ETRS89) (at least) including Bounding Box elements for the data layers?

• Support of cartographic projections: Lambert-Conformal-Conic (EPSG:4839) and for scales >1:500.000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

• Coupling of Services, data and metadata (LayerTags <Identifier> and <MetadataURL>)

• Cartographic legends for each style• Multi-language support, i.e. in the Capabilities document (LANGUAGE Parameter

extension)

OGC compliant products

INSPIREcompliant products

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4. Agreements on sharing, access and use• Member States shall adopt measures for the sharing of spatial data sets and

services between public authorities. • In addition those measures shall enable the relevant users, public and private, to

gain access to spatial data sets and services, and to exchange and use those sets and services.

Jes Ryttersgaard: Overview of INSPIRE. https://www.fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/cairo/papers/ts_42/ts42_02_ryttersgaard.pdf [2015-08-11]

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5. Monitoring & Reporting

• For member states: obligation to report on the setup and operation of their respective geodata infrastructure as well as on the state of implementation of the INSPIRE directive. – For this purpose key figures on the infrastructure elements and content, such

as geodatasets, network services and permanent descriptive metadata are every year collected, evaluated and published (Monitoring).

• Reporting: every three years

http://www.geoportal.de/EN/GDI-DE/INSPIRE/Directive/Monitoring-and-Reporting/monitoring-and-reporting.html?lang=en

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Part 2: Some findings about INSPIRE‘s implementation and adoptiona) Statisticsb) Emperical findings

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European Level

• Statistics• Usability experiences

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Percentage of high available services (>99%, August 2014)

http://servicemap.spatineo.com/

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Change in total number of services (August 2014

http://servicemap.spatineo.com/

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User experience in general:Feedback on the successful use of the INSPIRE geoportal

Source: Mid-term Evaluation Report on INSPIRE Implementation (Technical report No 17/2014 ), http://www.geodaten.niedersachsen.de/download/96290/Einzelergebnis_INSPIRE_Public_Consultation_2014_7-Jahres_Online-Konsultation_.pdf [2015-08-16]

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Discoverability and Accessibility of Spatial Datasets in EU Geoportal and National Geoportals

Source: Mid-term Evaluation Report on INSPIRE Implementation (Technical report No 17/2014 ), http://www.geodaten.niedersachsen.de/download/96290/Einzelergebnis_INSPIRE_Public_Consultation_2014_7-Jahres_Online-Konsultation_.pdf [2015-08-16]

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Main obstacles to INSPIRE implementation from 2014 INSPIRE Public Consultation

Technical complexity (MD, web services, transformations, data specs, UML.., bandwidth)

Coordination: Top-down only / national /regionals coordination - cooperation

Communication: Lack of awareness / capacity building/INSPIRE for managers

Data harmonisation / too wide scope/multi ways to implement/data identification

Access to data - Open data - PSI - licensing - 3rd party IPRs-data sharing

Lack of Human resources (IT/Domain experts)

INSPIRE in the organisation product. line/national requirements/motivation

Financing - EU/ National/local - implementation is too costly also for maintenance

Quality / completeness/ usefulness of MD / limited use of EU Geoportal

Use cases - demonstrations - concrete benefits

Senior level / political commitment

Constant IT/TG development - SW missing to implement/use(WFS) - procurement difficult

EU Directive requirements integration (reporting eGovernment, but also out of ENV)

International standards interactions (OGC mainly, but also IHO, WMO)

Relevance of INSPIRE, too complex, not demand - user based

Long term vision/maintenance EU-national

INSPIRE data not certified for decision making / conformance/service levels

Ambitious road map / too long for implementation

0 50 100 150 200

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Usability/Availablity - Emperical

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German Level

• Some statistics• Some usability experiences

Member States shall ensure that appropriate structures and mechanisms are designated.

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Monitoring 2009 - 2013 (Germany)

Modified after; Hogrebe D. (2014): INSPIRE-Monitoring: Identifizierung INSPIRE-relevanter Geodaten auf kommunaler Ebene. http://www.geoportal.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/GDI-DE/Vortraege/2014/140929_Dt_Staedtetag_Vortrag_Hogrebe.pdf?__blob=publicationFile

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Accessibility of metadata for the services through discovery services (Germany, 2013-2014)

Discover

servi

ces

View se

rvices

Download se

rvices

Transfo

rmati

on servi

ces

Servic

es to in

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0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

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Accessibility of metadata for the spatial data sets (Germany, 2013-2014)

All geodata themesThemes Appendix I

Themes Appendix IIThemes Appendix

III

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

2013

2014

20132014

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Usability experiences

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Geodata Access

• Discovery service is functional.• Is it useful?

https://www.govdata.de/

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WebAtlasDE – powered by the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy

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Java 1.6?

Current version: 8! (Release

date 14. Juli 2015)

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Gazetteer Service

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Coordinate transformation service

• Functional, but restricted to relevant SRS

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Meta Data Search

• Meta data of BKG & all Federal States: working

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From federal level to state level

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https

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Germ

any

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Land #inhabitants area (sqkm) #parcels (thousands)

#Federal Mapping agencies #regional offices legal surveyers

Baden-Württemberg 10.631.278 35.751 8.879 1 60 172

Bayern 12.604.244 70.550 10.713 1 51 —

Berlin 3.421.829 892 399 1 12 51

Brandenburg 2.449.193 29.654 3.113 1 17 149

Bremen 657.391 419 207 1 1 5

Hamburg 1.746.342 755 252 1 — 8

Hessen 6.045.425 21.115 4.985 1 7 82

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1.596.505 23.212 1.904 1 7 67

Niedersachsen 7.790.559 47.614 6.164 1 — 102

Nordrhein-Westfalen 17.571.856 34.110 9.283 1 53 448

Rheinland-Pfalz 3.994.366 19.854 6.338 1 6 80

Saarland 990.718 2.569 1.289 1 — 11

Sachsen 4.046.385 18.420 2.706 1 13 106

Sachsen-Anhalt 2.244.577 20.452 2.662 1 — 52

Schleswig-Holstein 2.815.955 15.800 1.889 1 — 42

Thüringen 2.160.840 16.173 3.125 1 — 68

Summe Deutschland 80.767.463 357.340 63.908 16 227 1.443

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Reported Geodata sets and services (2014)

Baden

-Württ

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burg

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GeodataServices

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State Level: Baden-Württemberg

• poor in natural resources• strong in technology and industrial production• among the most prosperous and wealthiest regions in Europe

• Some background• Some statistics• Some usability experiences

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Accessibility of metadata for services through discovery services (BW, 2013-2014)

Discover

servi

ces

View se

rvices

Download se

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Transfo

rmati

on servi

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2013

2014

Source: http://www.geoportal.de/monitoring2013/, http://www.geoportal.de/monitoring2014/

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Accessibility of metadata for Geodata themes (BW, 2013-2014)

All geodata themes Themes Appendix

I Themes Appendix II Themes Appendix

III

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2013

2014

20132014

Source: http://www.geoportal.de/monitoring2013/, http://www.geoportal.de/monitoring2014/

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Geodata Themes Baden-Württemberg (2013-2014)

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Reported Services of different Bodies on State level (BW, 2009-2014)

Source: http://www.geoportal-bw.de/geoportal/export/sites/default/galleries/downloads/Auswertung_INSPIRE-Monitoring_2015_GDI-BW_V01.pdf

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Usability experiences

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Baden-Württemberg

Geo-SearchGeodata Viewer

Geodata Base

GeoportalEntry page-> new page,no content

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Themes of GeodatabaseBaden-Württemberg

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Geodata Base (Geodatenbasis)Annex I

1. Coordinate reference systems2. Geographical grid systems3. Geographical names4. Administrative units5. Addresses6. Cadastral parcels7. Transport networks (Road, rail,

air and water, ...)8. Hydrography (marine areas and

all other water bodies, ...)9. Protected sitesNo data!

166 entries, listed according to the INSPIRE annexes.

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Metadata

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Another example: State „Hessen“

• August 2015!

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Conclusions (part II)

• Much work has been done in the last 8 years.• Basically many services and geodata themes can be discovered.• Implementation and usability however, at least in some cases, is quite poor.• Apparently the technical/personal infrastructure for fully functional SDIs is not

available everywhere.

• Widespread usage requires:– [EU and] Member States should ensure that appropriate structures and

mechanisms are designated. – The existence of these geodata and services must be communicated and

advertised more intensively to companies and private citizens. [Spatineo 2015]