interoperability of biometric information data format for the interchange of fingerprint, facial,...
TRANSCRIPT
INTEROPERABILITY OF
BIOMETRIC INFORMATION
Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial, & Scar Mark & Tattoo (SMT)
Information
ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000
NIST SP 500-245
R. M. McCabe
January 16-17, 2002
M1/02-0014
FINGERPRINTS FBI & NBS/NIST
1924 FBI Establishes ID Division - 810K cards 1966 FBI - Can’t Handle Work Volume 1967 AFIS Project started
Automatic Fingerprint Identification System NIST developed the 1st AFIS technology Developed tenprint matchers used by the FBI
All based on minutiae Compensated for stretching, shrinking, & distortion
Developed latent matchers
NEED FOR FINGERPRINT INTEROPERABILITY STANDARDS
Five Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) deployed at FBI by 1981
State, local, & federal agencies acquired AFIS Differences in minutiae metrics Live-scan technology developed in the 80s Process fingerprints from dissimilar systems Common fingerprint data interchange standard to
eliminate need for exchanging physical evidence Required for communication with the FBI’s IAFIS
Marked Minutiae
MINUTIA POSITION
CONSIDERATIONS
Manufacturers
Cogent Lockheed Martin NEC Printrak Sagem Tracker Eureka Sonda Papallone7 Founder Group
Scanning Parameters Resolution Grayscale Scan Order
Minutiae Metrics X/Y Location Units Angle Units Measurement Direction Origin Neighboring Minutiae Quality/Type
NIST DEVELOPED STANDARDS USING THE CANVASS METHOD
Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint Information
ANSI/NBS-ICST 1-1986 Minutiae-Based ANSI/NIST-CSL 1-1993 Image-Based ANSI/NIST-ITL 1a-1997 Facial & SMT ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000 Higher Resolution
RELATIONSHIPS
Law Enforcement CommunityFBI, Federal, State, Local
UsersVendors
Consultants
NIST ANSI
ISO
MINUTIAE STANDARDANSI/NBS-ICST 1-1986
Workshop held in 1985 Canvassee method - 43 organizations Primarily minutiae-based Four types of records defined Transaction / descriptor information Minutiae data Low-resolution & High-resolution Image data Pixel offset between the minutiae and image
data
IMAGE STANDARD ANSI/NIST-CSL 1-1993
NIST sponsored 3 workshops (90-92) Addressed resolution/quantization quality issues Two grayscale and two binary image records Up to 14 images using WSQ at 15:1 Retained the 1986 minutiae record for latent
exchanges
Approved by ANSI on 11/22/93
MUGSHOT ADDENDUMANSI/NIST-ITL 1a-1997
IDENTIFIED NEED TO EXPAND STANDARD TO ACCOMMODATE IMAGES OF SUBJECT PHOTOS, SCARS, MARKS, & TATTOOS (SMT)
NIST CONVENED WORKSHOP ON MUGSHOT STANDARDS (OCTOBER 1995)
ANSI/NIST-ITL 1a-1997 for MUGSHOTS SCARS MARKS & TATTOOS (SMT) DEVELOPED
IMAGE STANDARD ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000
Sept 22-24, 1998 - Workshop Held at NIST 180 Participants 10 Countries 35 Companies 9 Federal Agencies; 24 State; 11 Local
Main Features Provision for Higher Scan Resolution (1000ppi) Palm , Rolled, Latent Images Greater Emphasis on Latent Minutiae Data
Approved by ANSI July 27, 2000
FINAL CANVASSEE DISTRIBUTION
108 Canvassees
57%
7%6%
22%
2% 6%Users
Consult
Gen Int
Producer
Other
Sys Int
User Canvassee Distribution
62 Users
State49%
Int'l5%
Federal11%
Local25%
Other10%
State
Int'l
Federal
Local
Other
IMPACT
Descriptive Textual Data FBI’s EFTS used to exchange personal identification, rap sheet,
& other demographic information The UK & Interpol have developed implementations of the
ANSI/NIST-CSL 1-1993 standard.
Minutiae/Feature Data Development of a practical method for “lights-out”
searching of latent images.
Image Data Specifications for capturing and formatting fingerprint, palmprint,
and other information Compressed fingerprint images exchanged conform to the WSQ
specification at 15:1 factor.
STANDARD REFERENCE DATABASES
NIST Special Database 4: Fingerprint 2000 Pairs NIST Special Database 9: Fingerprint 27000 Pairs NIST Special Database 10: Fingerprint 5500 Images NIST Special Database 14: Fingerprint 27000 Pairs WSQ NIST Special Database 24: Live-Scan Digital Video NIST Special Database 27: Latent & Rolled 258 cases NIST Special Database 29: Flat & Rolled Cards (500 ppi) NIST Special Database 30: Flat & Rolled Cards (1K ppi)
THE FUTURE
The Patriot Act PL 107-56
Role of developed standards Role of available databases
PL 107-56 SEC. 1008 FEASIBILITY STUDY
The Attorney General shall conduct a study on the feasibility of utilizing a biometric identifier (fingerprint) scanning system, with access to the database of the FBI’s IAFIS, to identify aliens who may be wanted in connection with criminal or terrorist investigations prior to the issuance of visas or entry into the United States.
REPORT TO CONGRESS- Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall submit a report to Committees in the House and Senate. Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate.
PL 107-56 SEC. 403 c)S. 1749
The Attorney General and the Secretary of State jointly, through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), ….shall develop and certify a technology standard that can be used to verify the identity of persons applying for a US visa or such persons seeking to enter the US pursuant to a visa for the purposes of conducting background checks, confirming identity, and ensuring that a person has not received a visa under a different name…..
Use of Biometrics
Use of SD 14 to certify biometric technology standard
Tenprint submission to the FBI for establishing lack of criminal record ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000 for exchange of images/minutiae
Onsite verification using single finger biometric Use of SD 29 to establish performance accuracy of flats
against rolls
Onsite verification using face recognition Verified using FRVT 2000 Type tests
FACTORS TO CONSIDER
Daubert Requirements The test must be performed using an accepted
scientific methodology The test must have a measurable error rate
Condensed Time Schedule One year to certify a technology standard In 6 months report to Congress describing
development and implementation of the standard and the electronic database system
