internship report on allied bank limited (abl) 2014

8/10/2019 Internship Report on Allied Bank Limited (ABL) 2014

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Cg yku wa`t tjat rbpkrt dk`tadt k` tjcs `unobr 6444-72137:7

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AMMCBL OA@E MCNC\BL

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Skur @anb

_kmm #

Tbssck` (Tbp ?!? "k u`b ?!$%

Tuoncttbl c` artca! "u!gc!!nb`t kg tjb

#b$ucrbnb`ts gkr tjb %b&rbb kg 'astbr kg (knnbrdb

@A\CK@AM &@C'B_TC\S K NKLB_@ MA@)&A)BT*

CTMANAOAL* VAECT\A@+

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2/74

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a1um". k/ C`/krna"ck` \b1`kmk,. a`6 Naà,bnb`" T1cb`1bs

Ct cs jbrboy dbrtcgcbl tjat tjb rbpkrt jas obb` tjkrku&j!y a`l darbgu!!y rbal a`l

rbdknnb`lbl tk tjb gadu!ty kg 'aà&bnb`t Tdcb`dbs gkr addbpta`db kg "cà!

rk)bdt #bpkrt oy Skur @anb* _kmm #* Tbssck` (Tbp ?!? "k u`b ?!$%

Nkr`c`,* c` partca! gu!gc!!nb`t kg tjb rb$ucrbnb`ts gkr tjb lb&rbb kg 'astbr kg

(knnbrdb at *atckà! +`c,brscty kg 'klbr` a`&ua&bs. "acsa!aoal/

%atb

Tupbr,cskr

osbr,br

?bal kg %bpartnb`t


3/74

LBLC4A\CK@

k 'y k,c`& badjbrs. "rcb`ls. < "anc!y 'bnobrs jk ja,b obb` stbalgast

suppkrtbrs tjrku&jkut ny lb&rbb prk&ran kg '/dkn wctj tjbcr c`,a!uao!b !k,b

a`l u`lbrsta`lc`&/ k kur wkrtjy parb`ts a`l tjb rbspbdtbl tbadjbrs wjk a!ways

try tk gc`l ways a`l tjc` tk prk,clb wjcdj wb lk `kt `kw a`l lk `kt ja,b/

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4/74

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5/74

B2B4&\C'B T&NNA_S

jb oa`c`& strudturb c` acsta` dknprcsbs kg tjb gk!!kwc`& typbs. Ttatb Oa` kg

acsta`. (knnbrdca! Oa`s. =dja`&b Oa`s. Ta,c`& Oa`s. (kkpbratc,bOa`s. a`l Tpbdca!c>bl (rblct C`stctutck`s/ jb Ttatb Oa` kg acsta` cs tjb

(b`tra! Oa` kg tjb dku`try a`l was bstao!csjbl k` 0u!y 61. 13;:/ jb `btwkr

kg oa` ora`djbs `kw dk,brs a ,bry !ar&b sb&nb`t kg àtckà! bdk`kny/

8!!cbl Oa` cs tjb gcrst 'us!cn oa`. tk ja,b obb` bstao!csjbl k` tjb tbrrctkry

tjat obdanb acsta` bstao!csjbl c` %bdbnobr 13;F as tjb 8ustra!asca Oa` at

ajkrb wctj a pacl-up sjarb dapcta! kg #s/ 6/1F nc!!ck` u`lbr tjb (jacrna`sjcp

kg Ajawa)a Oasjcr Ou=. tjb Oa` jal attradtbl lbpkscts. b$uc,a!b`t tk #s/ 6/;41'c!!ck` c` cts gcrst bc&jtbb` nk`tjs kg ousc`bss/ kta! assbts tjb` anku`tbl tk #s/

6/2F nc!!ck`/ klay 8!!cbl Oa`Ds pacl up (apcta! < #bsbr,bs anku`t tk #s/

16/2 oc!!ck`. lbpksct b=dbblbl #s/ 1;4 oc!!ck` a`l tkta! assbts b$ua! #s/ 16

oc!!ck`/ jb 8!!cbl Oa`Ds stkry cs k`b kg lblcdatck`. dknnctnb`t tk

prkgbssckà!csn. alaptatck` tk dja`&c`& b`,crk`nb`ta! dja!!b`&bs rbsu!tc`& c`tk

a!! rku`l &rkwtj a`l staoc!cty. b`,cbl a`l aspcrbl oy na`y/

klay wctj cts b=cstb`db kg k,br 76 ybars. tjb oa` jas ouc!t ctsb!g a gku`latck`

wctj a strk`& b$ucty. assbts a`l lbpksct oasb/ Ct kggbr u`c,brsa! oa`c`& sbr,cdbs.

wjc!b na)kr bnpjascs k` rbtac! oa`c`&/ jb Oa` a!sk jas tjb !ar&bst `btwkr kg

k,br :66 k`!c`b ora`djbs c` acsta` a`l kggbrs ,arckus tbdj`k!k&y oasbl

prkludts a`l sbr,cdbs tk cts lc,brsb d!cb`tb!b/

C` tjb !ast. tjb T aà!yscs. (k`d!usck`s a`l gcà! #bdknnb`latck`s bl c`d!ulc`& 8ustra!asca Oa`/ jb sna!!

prk,c`dca! Oa`s wbrb nbr&bl c`tk 8ustra!asca Oa`/ ` 1st 0u!y 13; tjb `bw

b`tcty was rbànbl as 8O kg acsta` cnctbl/

:+ \b prb C`6bpb`6b`1b Vbrck6 (!0$?$:%

8ustra!asca Oa` jal tjb u`c$ub lcstc`dtck` kg obc`& d!ksb!y clb`tcgcbl wctj sknb

kg tjb dku`tryIs nkst rknc`b`t !balbrs kg tjb grbblkn nknb`t/ Tudj as 'ca`

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'unta> %au!taà 9Okarl kg lcrbdtkrs5. 'ca` Cgtcjar ?ussac` a`l 'au!aà Hagar

8!c Aja`/

jb oa` krc&cà!!y startbl cts kpbratck` c` tjb &ara&b kg Ajawa)a Oasjcr OasjIs

ou`&a!kw 9wjk was tjb djacrna`5 `bar tjb ajkrb #ac!way Ttatck`/ Out tjb

suddbss kg Oa` b`gkrdbl tjb lcrbdtkrs tk kpb` cts a`ktjbr ora`dj c` 8àra!c k`

1st 'ardj 13;;/ Aj/ Oasjcr was gcrst djcbg b=bdutc,b/ ?b was tjb pbrsk` wjk

was rba!!y wkrc`& c` cts lb,b!kpnb`t/ ?cs sc`dbrcty kg purpksb da` ob )ul&bl

grkn jcs &rbat nknb`ts/

8`ktjbr ora`dj was kpb`bl at 8naratsar c` 13;2/ C` 0u`b 13;7. tjb oa` bar`bl

tjb status kg sdjblu!bl oa`/ %urc`& 13;7-; na`y ktjbr ora`djbs wbrb kpb`bl

at 'd!bkl #kal ajkrb. 0a!!a`ljar. uljcaà. 8&ra a`l %b!jc/

8t c`lbpb`lb`db tjb c`lustrca! a`l dknnbrdca! sbdtkrs wbrb u`lbrlb,b!kpbl out

8O dk`trcoutbl a !kt c` tjb lb,b!kpnb`t kg tjbsb sbdtkrs/

;+ Ammcb6 Oa`7F Vumc1 Tb1"kr Sbars (!0:$0!%

+`lbr tjb *atckà!c>atck` 8dt kg 13;. 1; sdjblu!bl oa`s wbrb tab` k,br oy

tjb k,br`nb`t/ 8ustra!asca OaÌs Okarl kg %crbdtkrs was lcssk!,bl a`l tjb

oa` was rbànbl as 8!!cbl Oa` kg acsta` cnctbl/ Tarjal Oa`. ajkrb

(knnbrdca! Oa` a`l acsta` Oa` cnctbl wbrb nbr&bl c`tk 8ustra!asca

Oa`/ 8t tcnb kg nbr&b. 8O was sbdk`l jc&jbst ank`& a!! tjb oa`s

*atckà!c>bl c` 13;/

8!!cbl OaÌs gcrst =bdutc,b Okarl was dk`stctutbl kg 'r/ C$oa! 8/ #c>,c as

rbsclb`t. 'r/ 8)na! Aja!c! as 0kc`t rbsclb`t a`l 'r/ Ajalcn ?ussac` Tcllc$ub

as nbnobr/ C` 13; 'r/ C/%/ 0u`b)k a`l 'r/ Taglar 8ooas Haclc )kc`bl tjb Okarl

!atbr/ 117 `bw ora`djbs wbrb kpb`bl c` 13; a`l ct startbl partcdcpatck` c`

dknnklcty pbratck` prk&ran kg k,br`nb`t/

C` 136Is Oa` p!aybl a` cnpkrta`t part kg a&rcdu!tura! arba !ka`s a`l ktjbr

!ka`s/ C` 137 'r/ 8)na! rbp!adbl 'r/ #c>,c as (jcbg =bdutc,b a`l rbsclb`t/

%urc`& 13;-. 471 `bw ora`djbs wbrb kpb`bl a`l F46 kg tjbsb wbrb !kdatbl c`

,c!!a&bs a`l sna!! tkw`s/ Ct a!sk kpb`bl cts gkrbc&` ora`dj c` k`lk`. `bar tjb

Oa` kg `&!a`l/ C` 13:6 tjb Oa` kg `&!a`l &ra`tbl 8!!cbl Oa` rbdk&`ctck`

as a gu!! g!bl&b Oa` u`lbr tjb +/A/ Oa`c`& adt/

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15/74

C` 13:1. rbsclb`t was dja`&bl/ C` 13:;. a&ac` `bw prbsclb`t was dknb tk

`kw/ ?b trcbs tk c`drbasb tjb c`tbràtckà! ousc`bss/ Ct a!sk c`ctcatbl a na)kr

dku tbr prk&ran/ C` 13:2. nac`granb dknputbr was c`sta!!bl a`l bggbdtc,b

naà&bnb`t systbn was lb,b!kpbl/ %urc`& tjcs pbrckl prkgctaoc!cty was

c`drbasbl/ *bw rbsclb`t 'r/ 'a$okk! c`trkludbl lcggbrb`t sdjbnbs c` 13:-::/

C` 13:3. `bw 14 ora`djbs wbrb c`sta!!bl/

,br 1331. ;2 ora`djbs wbrb tjbrb c` a!! k,br tjb acsta`/

0+ A @bD Ob,c``c ,

C` *k,bnobrG %bdbnobr 1336. tjb k,br`nb`t a``ku`dbl cts dknnctnb`ts tk

tjb rapcl prc,atc>atck` kg tjb Oa`c`& sbdtkr/ 8!!cbl OaÌs naà&bnb`t u`lbrtjb !balbrsjcp kg 'r/ Aja!cl atcg lbdclbl tk rbadt pksctc,b!y tk tjcs dja!!b`&b/ C`

Tbptbnobr 1331. 8O b`tbrbl c` a `bw bra kg cts jcstkry as wkr!lIs gcrst oa` tk

ob kw`bl a`l naà&bl oy cts bnp!kybbs/ jb :66 b=bdutc,bs a`l 1F666 stagg

nbnobrs sprbal k,br 326 ora`djbs tjrku&jkut tjb acsta` bstao!csjbl a jc&j

lb&rbb kg dkkpbratck` a`l ganc!y gbb!c`&s/

Ammcb6 a`7 Kb1"c-bsF

8!!cbl oa` jas gk!!kwc`& ko)bdtc,bs

c5 'ac` ko)bdtc,b kg 8!!cbl oa` cs tk bar` prkgct/

cc5 k prk,clb sbr,cdbs tk tjbcr dustknbrs a`l asscsta`db c` tjb lb,b!kpnb`t kg

dknnbrdb a`l tralb/

8!!cbl oa` a!sk ja,b a`ktjbr rbspk`scoc!cty tk &c,b sbr,cdb tk tjbcr dknnu`ctcbs/

Ct watdjbs tjb &rkwtj a`l lb,b!kpnb`t kg jcs dknnu`cty bspbdca!!y tjb

dknnbrdb a`l ousc`bss kg tjb arba/

'csck`F

k obdknb a lyàncd a`l bggcdcb`t oa` prk,clc`& c`tb&ratbl sk!utck`s c` krlbr

tk ob tjb gcrst djkcdb oa` gkr tjb dustknbrs

Ammcb6 Oa`7 Ncssck`F

k prk,clb $ua!cty gcà`dca! sbr,cdbs wctj a` bl&b kg tbdj`k!k&y tk ousc`bssbs

partcdu!ar!y sna!! a`l nblcun sc>bl b`tbrprcsbs tjrku&j a nktc,atbl juna`

rbskurdb b`lba,krc`& tk adjcb,b dustknbr satcsgadtck`/

2


16/74

? 4JAV\B_ @K+ ?

T\_&4\&_B A@L NA@A)BNB@\

TST\BN K AOM

7


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!+ NA@A)BNB@\ TST\BN K AOM

Tuddbssgu! a`l prkgctao!b oa`c`& naà&bnb`t lbpb`ls k` twk prc`dcpa! gadtkrs/

a5 jb na``br c` wjcdj tjb gu`dtck`s kg oa`c`&. tjat cs tjb ad$ucrc`& kg

lbpkscts. tjb c`,bstc`& kr dk`,brtc`& sudj lbpkscts c`tk bar`c`& assbts. a`l tjb

sbr,cdc`& kg sudj lbpkscts. arb pbrgkrnbl/

o5 jb lb&rbb tk wjcdj kggcdbrs a`l bnp!kybbs dk`trcoutb tjbcr ta!b`ts tk tjb

prk&rbss a`l wb!garb kg tjb oa` c` lcsdjar&c`& lutcbs a`l rbspk`scoc!ctcbs/

!!+ Ammcb6 Oa`7 Naà,bnb`"

Oa`s arb naà&bl oy okarl kg lcrbdtkr kr scnc!ar &rkup kg nb` wjk arb

rbspk`sco!b tk tjb kw`brs. drblctkrs. a`l tjb &k,br`nb`t gkr tjb wb!! obc`& kg

tjbcr c`stctutck s/ jb &k,br`nb`t sb!bdts a!! kr sknb kg lcrbdtkrs kg 8O/

'aà&bnb`t kg 8O arb &c,b` as gk!!kws

B=b1u"c-b 4knnc""bbF

=bdutc,b (knncttbb dk`scsts kg 'r/ arc$ 8>c> 9(5. '/ #aggat 9(k/

Tbdrbtary5. br,ac> C$oa! Outt. Tjbcj 0a!bbs 8jnbl. *a>rat Oasjcr. as`bbn '/

*kra`c/

K//c1brsF

ggcdbrs arb sb!bdtbl oy tjb lcrbdtkrs tk naà&b tjbcr oa`s/ 8` kggcdbrIs

rb!atck`sjcp tk tjb okarl cs tjat kg a` bnp!kybb tk a` bnp!kybr/ (jcbg ggcdbr kg

8O cs `kw` as (jacrna`. Tb`ckr =bdutc,b Bcdb rbsclb`t/ jby arb a!sk

nbnobrs kg tjb okarl kg lcrbdtkr a`l arb !ar&b sjarbjk!lbrs/ jby arb c` a

pksctck`. tk lkncàtb tjb oa`Ds pk!cdcbs as wb!! as cts alnc`cstratck`/

jb (jcbg luty kg tjb djacrna` cs tk !b`l tjb oa`Ds gu`ls/ jcs wkr cs kgtb`

suo)bdt tk !ctt!b supbr,csck` oy tjb okarl kg lcrbdtkrs/

!?+ T"ru1"urb k/ AOM Mcnc"b6

*k oa` da` ob b=pbdtbl tk kpbratb bggcdcb`t!y u`!bss a!! bnp!kybbs wctj c` a

lbpartnb`t. lc,csck` kr sbdtck` `kw

85 "rkn wjkn tjby arb tk rbdbc,b tjb wkr tjby arb tk lk/

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18/74

O5 jat tjby arb suppksbl tk lk wctj tjb wkr agtbr tjby rbdbc,b ct/

(5 ?kw tjby arb suppksbl tk ja`l!b tjb kpbratck` kg ctbn/

%5 jb` tjby arb suppksbl tk lk wkr. pbrgkrn tjb kpbratck`/

5 k wjkn tjby &c,b tjb ctbn kr gu`dtck` agtbr gc csjc`& ct/

k pbrgkrn tjb gu`dtck`s bggcdcb`t!y tjb oa` jas cts ?bal ggcdb c` Aaradjc.

wjcdj cs dk`trk!!bl oy tjb prbsclb`t kg tjb Oa`/ jb oa` jas rb&ckà! kggcdb

u`lbr jbal kggcdb c` na)kr arbas kg tjb dku`try/ #b&ckà! (jcbg jbals tjcs kggcdb/

jb rb&ck` (k`scst kg na`y >kà! kggcdbs wctj a >kà! djcbg/ jbrb arb na`y

ora`djbs c` a >k`b tk darry tjb gu`dtck`s bggbdtc,b!y a`l pbrgkrnc`& dustknbr

sbr,cdbs !kda!!y/

8O tl/ cs gu`dtckà!!y kr&a`c>bl c`tk lc,csck s a`l lc,csck`s arb gurtjbr

lc,clbl c`tk lbpartnb`t a`l sbdtck`s/ ,bry prk,c`db jas cts kw` rb&ckà! kggcdb

a`l >kà! kggcdbs/ =bdutc,b ,cdb prbsclb`t jbals tjb lc,csck`s a`l lbpartnb`ts

arb gurtjbr jbalbl oy C 9ggcdbr kg ralb C5/ 'aà&br jbals ora`djbs/

!3+ Vrk-c`1cam Jba6uar"brs

*kw wctj cts `btwkr kg k,br 326 ora`djbs !kdatbl c` tjb uroa` a`l rura! arbas

tjrku&jkut acsta`. 8!!cbl Oa` cs pksctck`bl tk prk,clb pbrskà!c>bl oa`c`&

sbr,cdbs tk cts dustknbrs at !kdatck`s dk`,b`cb`t tk tjb dustknbrs/ 8O jas

c`,bstbl b=tb`sc,b!y c` ora`dj autknatck`/ 8!! ora`djbs arb dknputbrc>bl k`

ora`dj oasbl nu!tc usbr dknputbr systbns/

'r/ 'ujannal arc$ 8>c>. tkk k,br as ( kg 8!!cbl Oa` k` 1:tj dtkobr

F614/ jb ( &a,b pk!cdy &uclb !c`bs a`l tjb stratb&y tk ru` tjb aggacrs kg tjb

Oa` c` tjb !c&jt kg dja`&bl rb$ucrbnb`ts kg tjb oa`c`& c`lustry/ ?b

bnpjasc>bl tjat tjb Oa` =bdutc,bs. kggcdbrs < stagg nust wkr gbar!bss!y a`l

put c` a!!-kut bggkrt tk b`surb stbaly &rkwtj kg tjb Oa`/ ?b bnpjasc>bl tjat

dustknbrs ja,b tk ob &c,b` tjb obst pkssco!b sbr,cdb as ct cs tjby wjk arb tjb

skurdb kg kur &rkwtj < suddbss/

!$+ \rac`c`, A1a6bncbs

8!!cbl Oa` cnctbl jas gc,b trac`c`& adalbncbs. twk c` ajkrb. twk c` Aaradjc.

a`l k`b c` Cs!anaoal/ C` tjbsb trac`c`& adalbncbs tjb `bw as wb!! as tjb b=cstc`&

stagg &bt trac c`&/ jb` a `bw bnp!kybb dknbs c` 8O tjb` nkst kgtb` jb cs

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19/74

sb`t tk a`y kg tjbsb adalbncbs gkr trac`c`&/ jb trac`c`& pbrckl nay ob nc`cnun

kg k`b-nk`tj up tk na=cnun kg k`b ybar/ jb trac`c`& pbrckl lbpb`ls upk` tjb

àturb kg tjb )ko/ %urc`& tjb trac`c`& tjb `bw bnp!kybbs arb ad$uac`tbl wctj a!!

tjb `bdbssary c`gkrnatck` aokut tjbcr )kos/

jb` a`y dja`&b kddurs c` tjb pk!cdcbs kg tjb Oa`. tjb` tjb sbncàrs arb jb!l c`

tjbsb adalbncbs c` wjcdj bnp!kybbs as wb!! as b=bdutc,bs partcdcpatb tk &bt

c`gkrnatck` aokut tjb `bw pk!cdcbs kg tjb Oa`/ "kr b=anp!b cg tjb Oa` pk!cdy

rb&arlc`& tjb gcà`dc`& sdjbnbs dja`&b tjb` tjb 'aà&brs kg tjb 8l,a`dbs

Tbdtck` arb c`,ctbl c` tjbsb sbncàrs/ jby !bar` aokut tjb `bw dja`&bs a`l tjb`

cnp!bnb`t tjbsb dja`&bs c` tjbcr ora`djbs/

C` tjbsb adalbncbs a pbrna`b`t stagg cs prbsb`t gkr tjb trac`c`& kg bnp!kybbs/

?kwb,br. cg rb$ucrbs. suo)bdt spbdca!csts arb c`,ctbl tk lb!c,br !bdturbs k` dbrtac`

suo)bdts/ "kr b=anp!b tjb Oa` jas a dk`tradt wctj Ta))al 8sskdcatbs wjcdj sb`l

cts b=bdutc,bs tk lb!c,br !bdturbs k` prk)bdt gcà`dc`&/ =ans arb a!sk jb!l c`

tjbsb trac`c`& adalbncbs/

!5+ Ammcb6 Oa`7 Mcnc"b6

@bD ruc" Nar7b" Ora`1F

jb Ora`dj kg 8O tl/ cs rbspk`sco!b tk prk,clb a!! sbr,cdbs tk cts dustknbr/

jcs ora`dj cs !kdatbl c` *bw "ruct 'arbt 0ja`& #kal "acsa!aoal/

u`1"ck`sF

jbrb arb gk!!kwc`& gu`dtck`s wjcdj arb pbrgkrnbl oy 8!!cbl oa` cnctbl *bw

"ruct 'arbt 0ja`& #kal "acsa!aoal/

A11bp"s Lbpksc"sF

jb Oa` prk,clbs lbpksct gadc!cty tk cts dustknbrs/ jb typbs kg lbpkscts arb

a% VMT Ta-c`, A11ku`"

C` tjcs typb. tjb lbpksctkr sjarbs prkgct a`l !kss wctj tjb oa`/

% c=b6 Lbpksc"s

jby obar jc&j prkgct. out tjbsb da` k`!y ob wctjlraw` agtbr a gc=bl pbrckl kg

tcnb

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20/74

1% 4urrb`" A11ku`"s

*k prkgct cs pacl k` tjbsb lbpkscts out anku`t dku!l ob wctjlraw` wctjkut a`y

rbstrcdtck`/

_bnc""c`, k/ u`6sF

jb Oa` prk,clbs tjb gadc!cty tk cts dustknbrs gkr rbncttc`& !ar&b anku`ts kg

nk`by c` tjb gkrn kg oa` lragts. tb!b&rapjcd ra`sgbrs a`l 'ac! ra`sgbrs tk

wjbrb b,br tjb dustknbr wa`ts/

;


21/74

!>+ Ora`1 Tb"up

4JAV\B_ # 3

2

b`bra! Oa`c`& 8l,a`db %bpartnb`t

'8*8#

@K@ DMB_CDAM

T\AGG

kb` (urrb`t 8ddku`t (!barc`bnctta`db

@K@4MB_C4AM

T\A


22/74

3 4JAV\B_ @K+3

)B@B_AM OA@EC@)

7


23/74


24/74

!:+ )B@B_AM OA@EC@) LBVA_\NB@\T

b`bra! oa`c`& cs k`b kg tjb na)kr lbpartnb`ts kg 8!!cbl Oa`. tl/ Ct dk`scsts

kg suo lbpartnb`t. wjcdj arb gk!!kwc`&/

(urrb`t lbpartnb`t

kb` lbpartnb`t

#bnctta`db lboarnb`t

(!barc`& lbpartnb`t

8ddku`ts lbpartnb`t

!;+ 4urrb`" Lbpar"nb`"

jcs lbpartnb`t nac`tac`s a!! gkrna!ctcbs kg tjb addku`ts a`l addku`ts jk!lbr.

!cb addku`ts ànb. addku`t jk!lbrDs ànb. dklb *k/. a`l gu!! allrbss/ %cggbrb`t

djb$ubs lboct a`l drblct ,kudjbr dknb grkn lcggbrb`t lbpartnb`ts !cb kb`.

(!barc &. #bnctta`db. (asj. a`l "krbc&` =dja`&b. 8l,a`db a`l pkstbl a&ac`st

lcggbrb`t addku`ts/ 8 wkrc`& 0kurà! da!!bl 'aùa! cs prbparbl lac!y wjcdj

sjkw` tjb oa!a`db addku`ts kg a!! partcbs/ 'ar-up a`l prkgct arb da!du!atbl lac!y/

jat wku!l ob lboctbl kr drblctbl grkn kr tk 8ddku`t jk!lbrDs addku`t agtbr

spbdcgcd pbrckl kg tcnb/ 'ar-up cs lboct grkn tjb addku`t agtbr b,bry tjrbb

nk`tj a`l prkgct cs drblctbl tk addku`ts agtbr b,bry 7 nk`tj/ *bw addku`ts arb

a!sk kpb`bl c` tjcs lbpartnb`t/ kta! gu`dtck` pbrgkrn oy tjcs lbpartnb`t cs

sjkw` oy o!kd lca&rans/ jbsb lca&rans sjkw tjb sb$ub`db kg adtc,ctcbs/ jbsb

arb scnp!cgcbl lca&ran kg wjat cs adtua!!y obc`& lk`b c` durrb`t lbpartnb`t a`l

wjat jappb` tk a dustknbr wjk dknbs tk kpb` a` addku`t c` tjb ora`dj/

"k!!kwc`& arb tjb tjrbb addku`ts. wjcdj arb nac`tac`bl oy tjcs lbpartnb`t/ (urrb`t 8ddku`t

Ta,c`& 8ddku`t

"c=bl 8ddku`t

!0+ \k7b` Lbpar"nb`"

1


25/74

C` tkb` lbpartnb`t. tkb` arb cssubl gkr tjb b`dasjnb`t kg djb$ubs %bna`l

lragt. b!b&rapjcd tra`sgbr. 'ac! tra`sgbr a`l ncsdb!!a`bkus b=pa`sbs ,kudjbr kg

oa` obgkrb cssuc`& tbrn wb djbd tjb gk!!kwc`&

%atb sjku!l ob durrb`t kr prb,ckus `kt al,a`db/ Tpbdcnb` Tc&`aturb kg addku`t jk!lbr sjku!l tjbrb/

Tc&`aturb kg obarbr sjku!l k` oadsclb kg djb$ubs/

8nku`t sjku!l ob sanb oktj c` gc&urb a`l wkrls/

C` dasb kg %%. djbdc`& sc&` kg autjkrc>bl kggcdbr kg oa` cg tjbrb cs a`y

lcsdrbpa`dy c` aok,b-nb`tck`bl pkc`t. `k tkb` wku!l ob cssubl/ Obgkrb cssuc`&

tkb`. wb stanpbl k` oadsclb kg djb$ubs a`l wrctb tjb `k/ g tkb` oktj grk`t

a`l oadsclb kg djb$ubs. btd/

8gtbr a!! tjb prkdbss. tjb b`try kg djb$ubs wku!l ob pkstbl k` tjb &c,b` rb&cstbr.

wjcdj c`d!ulb tkb` `k/ (klb `k/ a`l anku`t/ 8gtbr oa`c`& jkurs/ kta! anku`t

k` rb&cstbr wku!l ob ta!!cbl wctj tjb dasj lbpartnb`t anku`t. tjat wjcdj jas

obb` pacl/ 8`y djb$ubs tjat cs rbtur`bl grkn tjb durrb`t lbpartnb`t obdausb kg

a`y lcsdrbpa`dy. cs lboctbl grkn tjb tkta! anku t k` tjb rb&cstbr c` tkb`

lbpartnb`t/

?+ 4as Lbpar"nb`"

(asj lbpartnb`t lba!s wctj tjb dasj. wjcdj bctjbr dknbs c` tjb Oa` kr &kbs

kutsclb tjb Oa`/ (asj da` ob c` a`y gkrn kg durrb`dy/

Lbpksc"sF

jcs cs tjb na)kr skurdb kg tjb dasj c`g!kw/ jb` sknbk`b lbpkscts tjb dasj c`

tjb Oa` c` a`y durrb`dy. ct nba`s tjat tjb dasj cs dknc`& c` tjb Oa`/

Lbna`6 Lra/" a`6 \bmb,rapc1 \ra`s/br 4knncssck`F

jbsb arb tjb sbdk`l na)kr skurdbs kg tjb dasj c`g!kw kg tjb Oa`/ jb` tjb

Oa` cssubs tjb %%s a`l s k` tjb obja!g kg dustknbr tjb` tjb Oa` tabs

dbrtac` djar&bs as dknncssck / jbsb %%s a`l tjb s da` ob cssubl c` a`y

durrb`dy k` tjb lbna`l kg tjb dustknbr/

VrcGb Ok`6sF

F


26/74

jbsb c`strunb`ts arb sk!l tk tjb &b`bra! puo!cd a`l dasj cs rbdbc,bl grkn tjbn/

jku&j tjcs dasj cs u!tcnatb!y tra`sgbrrbl tk TO out stc!! tjb Oa` jas tk naà&b

tjcs dasj/

Naà,bnb`" k/ 4asF

Ct cs `bdbssary gkr b,bry ora`dj tk nac`tac` a spbdcgcd anku`t kg dasj wctj ct at

a`y tcnb. sk tjat wjb` a dustknbr dknbs tk &bt dasj. jb nay &bt ct prknpt!y/ Cg a

ora`dj cs `kt ao!b tk nac`tac` sudj apprkprcatb !b,b! cg dasj tjb` ct wc!! ja,b a

oal bggbdt k` cts rbputb a`l ct wc!! `kt ob ao!b tk gu!gc!! tjb dustknbr b=pbdtatck`s/

Tk. bggbdtc,b naà&bnb`t kg dasj cs ,bry `bdbssary gkr b,bry Oa`/ 8O jas put

a` apprkprcatb !cnct k` cts ora`djbs tjat tjby sjku!l bbp tjat nc`cnun !b,b!s kg

dasj wctj tjbn at a`y tcnb/ jcs !cnct cs lcggbrb`t gkr nac` ora`dj a`l ktjbr suo-

ora`djbs/

\rba"nb`" k/ Turpmus 4asF

jb surp!us dasj nba`s tjb dasj. wjcdj cs k,br a`l aok,b tjb !cnct kg a`y

partcdu!ar ora`dj/ Ct nay jappb` tjat a ora`dj nay ja,b tjb surp!us dasj wctj ct/

Cg a suo ora`dj jas surp!us dasj wctj ct tja` tjat kg !cnct. tjb` ct wc!! tra`sgbr ct tk

tjb nac` ora`dj k` lac!y oasbs/ Cg tjb nac` ora`dj jas tjb surp!us !cnct tjb` jb

wc!! tra`sgbr tjb surp!us nk`by tk jbal kggcdb c` Aaradjc tjrku&j tjb TO/ Cg

tjbsb surp!us gu`ls rbnac` wctj tjb nac` ora`dj. tjby wc!! ob kg `k usb a`l wc!!

adt as cl!b nk`by obdausb tjby arb bar`c`& `k prkgct/ Tk tjbsb gu`ls arb rbncttbl

tk tjb jbal kggcdb. wjbrb tjby arb c`,bstbl a`l wc!! bar` prkgct gkr tjb Oa`/ jb

nac` ora`dj bar`s tjb prkgct k` tjb gu`ls. wjcdj ct rbncts tk tjb jbal kggcdb/

(urrb`t!y tjcs ratb kg prkgct cs 14E/ jbrb cs `k prkgct &c,b` k` tjb gu`ls wjcdj

tjb suo-ora`djbs wjcdj tjby tra`sgbr tk tjb nac` ora`dj/

\rba"nb`" k/ 4as Lb/c1c"F

8s surp!us kg tjb dasj kddurs. scnc!ar!y tjb lbgcdct da` a!sk ob tjbrb c` tjb Oa`/

Ct nba`s tjat tjb dasj sjkrta&b cs tjbrb c` tjb ora`dj/ k dk,br tjcs sjkrta&b tjb

pattbr`s arb gk!!kwbl/ Cg sjkrta&b cs tjbrb c` suo-ora`dj. tjb` ct nay tab tjb dasj

grkn tjb nac` ora`dj/ Cg tjb nac` ora`dj jas tjb sjkrta&b kg dasj. tjb` ct nay

tab tjb gu`ls grkn tjb jbal kggcdb/ jb jbal kggcdb djar&bs dbrtac` ratb kg prkgct.

4


27/74

wjcdj cs 14 E k` tjb gu`ls. wjcdj ct rbncts tk tjb nac` ora`dj/ jbrb cs `k prkgct

djar&bl oy tjb nac` ora`dj k` tjb gu`ls prk,clbl tk tjb suo-ora`djbs/

4as c` \ra`sc"F

jb dasj. wjcdj cs tra`sgbrrbl grkn a`y suo-ora`dj tk 'ac` ora`dj kr grkn nac`

ora`dj tk TO cs da!!bl dasj c` tra`sct/ jbrb cs !cnct kg dasj c` tra`sct k` nac`

ora`dj/ jcs !cnct cs kg #s/ F66 nc!!ck`s c/b/ nac` ora`dj da` tab tjb dasj grkn

a`y suo-ora`dj kr da` tra`sgbr tjb dasj tk TO up tk tjb !cnct tk tjb F66 nc!!ck`s/

C`sura`1b k/ 4asF

8!! tjb dasj kg tjb Oa` cs c`surbl/ jb na)kr dknpa`cbs. wjcdj c`surb tjb dasj.

c`d!ulb 8lan)bb C`sura`db (krpkratck`. b`bra! C`sura`db (knpa`y a`l ast

bst C`sura`db (knpa`y/ jb (b`tra! ggcdb pays a!! tjb b=pb`sbs kg tjb

c`sura`db kg dasj/

Tb1urc". Arra`,bnb`"sF

"bw ybars bar!cbr. tjb Oa` jas cts kw` &uarls gkr tjb tra`sgbr kg tjb dasj grkn

nac` ora`dj tk TO kr grkn suo-ora`dj tk tjb nac` ora`dj/ Out `kw tjb Oa`

jas jcrbl a sbdurcty dknpa`y gkr tjb tra`sgbrb`db kg dasj/ jcs dknpa`y cs

MOrc`sN/ jb dknncssck` wjcdj cs djar&bl oy tjb Orc`s (knpa`y ,arcbs grkn

p!adb tk p!adb a`l cs lcggbrb`t gkr lcggbrb`t anku`ts kg dasj/ 'ac` twk dknpa`cbs

tk tab tjb (asj 8sarc uarls a`l jk`c= 8rnkur (k/ ,t tl/

?!+ 4mbarc`, Lbpar"nb`"

C`"rk6u1"ck`F

jb Oa` cs tjb nbnobr kg tjb (!barc`& ?kusb a`l rbdbc,bs (jb$ubs. lbna`l

lragts a`l ktjbr `b&ktcao!b c`strunb`ts gkr prbsb`tatck` kg cts paynb`t oy tjb

ora`dj kg a lrawbb oa` !kdatbl wctjc` tjb dcty ktjbr tjb` 8O/ jb prkdbbls kg

tjb d!barc`& c`strunb`ts arb drblctbl c`tk tjb addku t kg tjb dustknbr/ jb

d!barc`& gadc!cty cs a,ac!ao!b k` a!! wkrc`& lays/

jbrb,br tjb d!barc`& gadc!cty cs okt a,ac!ao!b kr tjb lrawbb c`stctutck` cs `kt tjb

nbnobr kg d!barc`& jkusb tjb Oa` rbdbc,bs (jb$ubs. lbna`l lragt kr `b&ktcao!b

;


28/74

c`strunb`ts gkr dk!!bdtck` a`l upk` rbdbcpt kg paynb`t grkn tjb lrawbb tjb sanb

cs drblctbl c`tk tjb addku`t kg tjb dustknbr/ (!barc`& nay ob kutwarl kr c`warl/

Ku"Dar6 4mbarc`,F

Tuppksb a dustknbr lbpkscts djb$ub c` 8o! ?assa` 8rdalb Ora`dj. lraw` k`

?aoco Oa` 'u!ta` (a`t ora`dj/ jb` tjb rbprbsb`tatc,b kg 8o! ?assa` 8rdalb

Ora`dj wc!! tab tjcs djb$ub tk tjb (!barc`& jkusb c` TO. wjbrb rbprbsb`tatc,bs

kg a!! oa`s &atjbr lac!y/ *kw c` gcrst d!barc`& tjcs djb$ub wc!! ob b=dja`&bl

wctj tjb rbprbsb`tatc,b kg ?aoco Oa` 'u!ta` (a`t ora`dj/ C` tjb sbdk`l

d!barc`&. cg tjb djb$ub cs jk`krbl. jb wc!! tb!! ct tk tjb 8O rbprbsb`tatc,b a`l sk

tjb TO drblcts tjb addku`t kg 8O ?8TT8* 8#(8% O#8*(? a`l lbocts

tjb ?aoco Oa` 'u!ta` (a`t ora`dj tjrku&j tjb d!barc & addku`t/ jcs cs da!!bl

utwarl (!barc`&/

C`Dar6 4mbarc`,F

Tuppksb a pbrsk` lbpkscts a djb$ub c` ?aoco Oa` 'u!ta` (a`t ora`dj. lraw`

k` a`y 8O 'u!ta` ora`dj !bt ct ob tjb 8O nac` ora`dj (a`t/ jb

rbprbsb`tatc,b kg ?O wc!! b=dja`&b tjcs djb$ub wctj tjb 8OIs rbprbsb`tatc,b c`

tjb gcrst d!barc`& c` (!barc`& ?kusb/ Cg tjb djb$ub cs jk`krbl oy tjb 8O nac`

ora`dj tjb` TO wc!! lboct a`l drblct tjb rbspbdtc,b addku`ts/ jcs cs da!!bl

C`warl (!barc`&/

\ra`s/br Lbmc-br.F

jb d!barc`& obtwbb` tjb 8Os kw` ora`djbs wctjc` k`b dcty cs da!!bl ra`sgbr

%b!c,bry/ %urc`& tjcs d!barc`& a 8ddku`t cs `kt c ,k!,bl/ C` 8O. ct cs lk`b

twcdb c` a wbb/ jb Oa` djar&bs `k dknncssck` grkn cts dustknbrs gkr tjcs

tra`sgbr lb!c,bry/

??+ Ocmm9_bnc""a`1b Lbpar"nb`"

Oc!!s gkr dk!!bdtck` nba`s tjb (jb$ubs kr %%sGsGs wjcdj arb rbdbc,bl grkn

kr sb`t tk ktjbr ora`djbs kutsclb tjb dcty gkr dk!!bdtck`. lraw` k` a`y ktjbr Oa`/

Oc!!s gkr dk!!bdtck` nay ob c`warl kr kutwarl/

#bnctta`dbs nba`s. tjb tra`sgbr kg dasj grkn k`b p!adb tk ktjbr p!adb tjrku&j

papbr tra`sadtck`/ #bnctta`dbs nay ob c`warl a`l kutwarl/

2


29/74

Ocmms /kr 4kmmb1"ck`F

jbrb arb twk typbs kg oc!!s gkr dk!!bdtck`

C`warl oc!!s gkr dk!!bdtck` 9c`!a`l < gkrbc&`5

utwarl oc!!s gkr dk!!bdtck` 9c`!a`l < gkrbc&`5

C`Dar6 Ocmms /kr 4kmmb1"ck`F

Tuppksb a dustknbr kg 8O 'a!! Ora`dj ajkrb lbpkscts a djb$ub lraw` c` tjb

`anb kg ?aoco Oa` 'u!ta` (a`t Ora`dj/ *kw tjb 8O 'a!! Ora`dj ajkrb

wc!! sb`l tjcs djb$ub tk 8O 'ac` Ora`dj kg 'u!ta` gkr dk!!bdtck` grkn ?aoco

Oa` Ora`dj/ *kw 8O 'ac 'u!ta` ora`dj wc!! dk!!bdt tjcs djb$ub grkn

?aoco Oa` Ora`dj tjrku&j d!barc`&. a`l wc!! rbnct tjb anku`t tk tjb 8O 'a!!

Ora`dj ajkrb/ jcs cs da!!bl C`warl Oc!!s gkr (k!!bdtck` 9c`!a`l5 gkr 8O 'ac`

Ora`dj 'u!ta`/ Ct wc!! ob rbdkrlbl c` C`warl Oc!!s (k!!bdtck` #b&cstbr/ C` tjb

sanb way cg tjb djb$ub cs rbdbc,bl gkr dk!!bdtck` lraw` k` a`y ktjbr Oa` grkn

"krbc&` Ora`dj kg 8O. tjb` tjcs wc!! ob da!!bl as "krbc&` C`warl Oc!!s gkr

(k!!bdtck`/ Ct wc!! a!sk ob rbdkrlbl c` C`warl Oc!!s (k!!bdtck` #b&cstbr/

Ku"Dar6 Ocmms /kr 4kmmb1"ck`F

jb` a`y ora`dj kg 8O sb`ls a djb$ub kr %%GG tk nac` ora`dj 8O c`

a`ktjbr dcty gkr dk!!bdtck` grkn a`y ktjbr Oa`. tjb` ct cs `kw` as utwarl Oc!!s

gkr (k!!bdtck`/ Tuppksb a pbrsk` lbpkscts a djb$ub c` 8O #asjclaoal 'u!ta`

ora`dj lraw` k` ?aoco Oa` ajkrb ora`dj/ *kw 8O #asjclaoal ora`dj wc!!

sb`l tjcs djb$ub tk 8O nac` ora`dj ajkrb gkr dk!!bdtck` grkn ?aoco ora`dj

ajkrb ora`dj/ 8O nac` ora`dj ajkrb wc!! dk!!bdt tjcs djb$ub tjrku&j

d!barc`& grkn ?aoco Oa` ora`dj tjrku&j d!barc`& a`l wc!! rbnct tjb anku`t tk

8O #asjclaoal ora`dj 'u!ta`/ jcs cs da!!bl5 utwarl Oc!!s gkr (k!!bdtck`

9c`!a`l5 a`l ct wc!! ob rbdkrlbl c` utwarl Oc!!s (k!!bdtck` #b&cstbr/

C` tjb sanb way. cg 8O *bw "ruct 'arbt ora`dj sb`ls a`y djb$ub kr

%%GG tk cts gkrbc&` ora`dj gkr dk!!bdtck` grkn a`y ktjbr Oa`. tjb` ct wc!!

ob da!!bl as "krbc&` utwarl Oc!!s gkr (k!!bdtck` a`l wc!! a!sk ob rbdkrlbl c`

utwarl Oc!!s (k!!bdtck` #b&cstbr/

4knncssck`F

7


30/74

jb ratb kg dknncssck` gkr oktj C`warl a`l utwarl Oc!!s gkr (k!!bdtck` cs 6/F2

E. wctj a !cnct kg nc`cnun kg #s/F6. p!us dkurcbr djar&bs/

?3+ _bnc""a`1bs

jb rbnctta`dbs da` ob nalb tjrku&j tjb gk!!kwc`& nklb kg tra`sgbrb`db/

%bna`l %ragt 9%%5

b!b&rapjcd ra`sgbr 95

aynb`t rlbr 95

TO (jb$ub

Lbna`6 Lra/"F

Ct cs a c`l kg djb$ub. wjcdj cs cssubl oy tjb 8O tk tjb ktjbr oa`s. kr ktjbr

ora`djbs kg tjb 8O k` tjb lbna`l kg tjb d!cb`t/ ` tjb %bna`l %ragt tjbrb arb

lcggbrb`t jbals nb`tck`bl k` tjat/ Tudj as tjb anku`t tk ob sb`t. tjb ànb kg tjb

pbrsk` tk wjkn ct cs tk ob sb`t/ Ct cs ,bry dk`,b`cb`t a`l sagb nbtjkl kg sb`lc`&

tjb nk`by grkn k`b p!adb tk a`ktjbr/ jb ousc`bssna` tk tra sgbr kr sb`l tjb

nk`by grkn k`b p!adb tk a`ktjbr usua!!y usbs ct/ Cg k`b pbrsk` cssubs tjb %% c

tjb ànb kg ktjbr pbrsk`. tjb` ct da` ob tra`sgbrrbl tk tjb addku`t kg tjb sbdk`l

pbrsk` basc!y/ %% da` ob c` acsta`c #upbb kr c` a`y "krbc&` (urrb`dy/ jb`

%% cs cssubl. ct cs &c,b` tk tjb pbrsk`. wjk wa`tbl tk nab ct/ 8t tjat tcnb Oa`

wc!! ja,b `k dk`dbr` wctj tjat %% out a` al,csb cs sb`t tk tjb dk`dbr`bl ora`dj

tjat wb ja,b cssubl tjb %% kg sudj anku`t a`l k` tjb ànb kg tjcs pbrsk`. a`l

yku wc!! pay jcn k` tjb lbna`l kg tjb d!cb`t/ jcs %% da` ob d!ksbl obgkrb tjb

cssuc`& tjb anku`t/ ` cssua`db tjb %%. Oa` tabs sknb dknncssck`/

\bmb,rapc1 \ra`s/brF

Ct cs a!sk a way kg sb`lc`& tjb nk`by grkn k`b p!adb tk a`ktjbr/ cb %% dbrtac`

garns arb tk ob gc!!bl/ C` tjcs tjb nbssa&b sc!! `kt cs sb`t tjrku&j tjb papbr. out

wctj tjb jb!p kg tjb ga= kr tjc`&s !cb tjat/ 8!! ktjbr prkdbssbs arb sanb as kg tjb

%%/

Va.nb`" Kr6brF

Ct cs a` krlbr cssubl oy tjb Oa` a`l payao!b k` ctsb!g. tjrku&j tjcs d!cb`t da`

basc!y tra`sgbr tjb nk`by grkn k`b pbrsk` tk a`ktjbr wctjc` tjb sanb dcty/ Ct cs a


31/74

wrcttb` lkdunb`t k` wjcdj tjb dbrtac` dknncssck` cs tk ob pacl a`l dbrtac`

lkdunb`ts arb gc!!bl oy tjb d!cb`t/ "kr tjcs dbrtac anku`t cs `bblbl tk lbpksct

wctj tjb Oa`/

Vrk1bss /kr _bnc""a`1bF

8!! ora`djbs kg 8O lba! wctj badj ktjbr tjrku&j a db`tra! addku`t `anbl as

Ma 8ddku`tN/

Va7 A11ku`"F

a 8ddku`t cs nac`tac`bl c` (b`tra! ggcdb Aaradjc/ C` (b`tra! ggcdb tjbrb cs

a` addku`t kg b,bry ora`dj a`l a!! tjbsb addku`ts kg a!! ora`djbs arb nac`tac`bl

tjrku&j tjcs a 8ddku`t/ C` a 8ddku`t. a spbdcgcd dklb jas obb` a!!kttbl tk

b,bry ora`djIs addku`t/ jbsb a 8ddku`t dk`trk!s a!! tjb rbnctta`dbs nalb oy

lcggbrb`t ora`djbs/ #bnctta`dbs nay ob kutwarl kr c`warl/

_bnc""a`1bs Ku"Dar6F

Tuppksb a pbrsk` dknbs tk tjb 8O ?8TT8* 8#(8% O#8*(? a`l ass tk

nab a %bna`l %ragt 9%%5 kg #s/26. 666G- c` tjb `anb kg ob`bgcdcary wjksb

Oa` cs 8O 'a!! Ora`dj ajkrb/ *kw tjb 8O 'u!ta` ora`dj wc!! rbdbc,b tjb

dasj a`l prbparb tjb %% kg #s/26. 666G- a`l wc!! sb`l ct tk tjb 8O ajkrb

ora`dj/ 8t tjb sanb tcnb ct wc!! a!sk prbparb a` al,cdb a`l sb`l ct tk tjb (b`tra!

ggcdb/ C` tjcs al,cdb. tjb 8O 'u!ta` ora`dj wc!! tb!! tjb (b`tra! ggcdb tjat ct

jas sb`t a %% kg anku`t #s/ 26.666G- tk tjb 8O 'a!! Ora`dj ajkrb. sk nab

cts addku`t lboctbl oy #s/ 26.666G- a`l nab tjb addku`t kg 8O 'a!! Ora`dj

ajkrb drblctbl wctj tjb sanb anku`t jcs cs da!!bl M#bnctta`dbs utwarlN

_bnc""a`1bs C`Dar6F

Tcnc!ar!y wjb` tjb 8O 'a!! Ora`dj. ajkrb sb`ls a %%GG kr djb$ub tk

8O 'u!ta` (a`t Ora`dj tjb` ct wc!! ob rbnctta`dbs c`warl gkr tjcs ora`dj/ jcs

typb cts addku`t wc!! ob drblctbl oy db`tra! kggcdb c` a-8ddku`t a`l tjb addku`t

kg 8O 'a!! Ora`dj. ajkrb wc!! ob lboctbl/

_bnc""a`1b c` \ra`sc"F

Tuppksb tjb 8O 'ac` Ora`dj. 'u!ta` wa`ts tk sb`l tjb surp!us gu`l tk tjb

db`tra! kggcdb Aaradjc/ jcs ora`dj wc!! gcrst lbpksct tjb gu`ls c` tjb Ttatb Oa`kg acsta . wjcdj wc!! tra`sgbr tjbsb gu`ls tk db`tra! kggcdb. Aaradjc/ ?brb tjb

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32/74

TO adts as a dasj a&b`t/ *kw tjb 8O ajkrb. Ora`dj wc!! sb`l a` al,cdb tk

db`tra! kggcdb. Aaradjc tjat ct jal rbncttbl tjat na`y anku`ts tjrku&j TO/ jcs

cs da!!bl #bnctta`db c` ra`sct/ *kw tjb TO ajkrb. Ora`dj wc!! rbnct tjcs gu`l

tk tjb TO Aaradjc. Ora`dj a`l grkn tjbrb. gu`ls wc!! ob u!tcnatb!y tra`sgbrrbl

tk tjb db`tra! kggcdb/C` tjb sanb way wjb` 8O ajkrb. Ora`dj rb$ucrbs tjb

gu`ls tjb` (b`tra! ggcdb wc!! rbnct tjbsb gu`ls tjrku&j TO a`l wc!! sb`l a`

al,cdb tk tjb 8O ajkrb. Ora`dj/ jb gu`ls wc!! ob u!tcnatb!y tra`sgbrrbl grkn

TO ajkrb. Ora`dj tk 8O ajkrb. Ora`dj/ jcs cs a!sk #bnctta`db c` ra`sct/

?$+ krbc,` Ocmms a`6 _bnc""a`1bs

jbsb da` ob "krbc&` (urrb`dy b!b&rapjcd ra`sgbr

krbc,` 4urrb`1. Lbna`6 Lra/"F

8!!cbl oa` da` tra sgbr gu`ls tk tjb rbnktbst gart kg tjb dku try gkr

paynb`tGdrblct tk tjb addku`t kg tjb dustknbr jcnsb!g kr a tjcrl party. tjrku&j

b!b&rapj ra`sgbr gkr tjb paynb`t k` tjb sanb kr `b=t lay/

jb Oa` a!sk cssubs tjb %bna`l lragt gkr rbnctta`db kg gu`l oy dustknbr/ jb

%bna`l lragt da` ob cssubl c` ga,kr kg tjb purdjasbr jcnsb!g kr a tjcrl party/ Ct

cs sbdurbl a`l dk`,b`cb`t tk sb`lGdarry. c`stbal kg dasj/

\bmb,rapc1 \ra`s/brF

C` tjcs dasb tjb autjkrcty cs &c,b` tk k`b oa` grkn a`ktjbr oa` k` tjb obja!g kg

tjb dustknbrs tjrku&j tb!bdknnu`cdatck` tk lboct tjbcr c`tbr kggcdb addku`t wctj

tjbn a`l drblct jcsGjbr kr partyDs addku`t nb`tck`bl c` tb!b&rapjcd tra`sgbr 9//5

jcs cs tjb gastbst way kg tra`sgbrrc`& nk`by grkn k`b p!adb tk a`ktjbr wctjc` tjb

dku`try as wb!! as kut sclb tjb dku`try/

8s wb `kw tjat wjb` a oa` cssubs a // ct cs &c,b` sknb sbr,cdb tk tjb

dustknbrs. sk sbr,cdb djar&bs gkr cssuc`& /DT. drblct ,kudjbrs arb prbparbl/

(rblctc`& tjb dao!b djar&bs a`l a lboct al,cdb cs nalb gkr tjb party tb!!c`& tjbn

tjat sk nudj sbr,cdbs djar&b ja,b obb` lbludtbl grkn ykur addku`t wctj us/ 8!!

tjb DT arb sbrca!!y `unobrbl/ jbrb arb twk typbs kg DT/

1/ C`dknc`& DT

F/ ut-&kc`& DT

3


33/74

Tk gar oktj typbs kg /DT sbparatb rb&cstbrs arb nac`tac`bl/ jc!b cssuc`& a a

dk`gclb`tca! dklb `k/ da!!bl tjb tbst ùnobrs cs a!sk obc`& &c,b` tk oy twk

autjkrc>bl kggcdbrs a`l tjcs dklb ùnobr cs k`!y u`lbr stkkl oy tjb twk ktjbr

autjkrc>bl kggcdbrs c` tjb rbdbc,c`& oa`/ Oy tjcs tbst sknb nu!tcp!cdatck`s D(

lk`b wjcdj dk`gcrn tjb c`strudtck`s c` tjb okly kg //

Nacm \ra`s/brF

8s ct cs d!bar grkn cts ànb tjat c` tjcs dasb tjb tra`sgbr kg nk`by 9c` tjb sjapb kg

a lkdunb`t5 tabs p!adb tjrku&j nac!/ jb prkdblurb cs !cb . tjat cs

c`strudtck`s arb &c,b` tk tjb rbdbc,c`& oa` tjat c`tbr kggcdb addku`t sjku!l ob

lboctbl a`l Dblctbl tk tjb nb`tck`bl partyIs addku`t/ Ct cs s!kwbr as dknparbl tk

tjb / #bdkrls arb nac tac bl c` tjb sanb way as kg tb!b&rapjcd tra`sgbr.

dknncssck` cs a!sk djar&bl c` tjb sanb na``br out at a lcggbrb`t ratb/

?5+ A11ku`" Lbpar"nb`"

,bry ra`sadtck`. wjcdj tabs p!adb. cs rbdkrlbl c` tjb dknputbr/ ra`sadtck`

tabs p!adb tjrku&j lcggbrb`t ,kudjbrs wjcdj arb gcà!!y pkstbl tk dknputbr/ 8s C

a!rbaly wrktb tjat tkta! ora`dj was dknputbrc>bl sk a!! tra`sadtck` c` lcggbrb`t

lbpt/ wku!l ob nalb k` dknputbr/ adj lbpt prbparb a sunnary kg lac!y

tra`sadtck` Dat cs gkrwarlbl tk 8ddku`t lbpt/ Tc`db a!! ,kudjbr grkn lcggbr-ct lbpt/

a!sk gkrwarlbl tk durrb`t lbpt/ Tk tjcs lbpt/ wc!! ta!!y ct sudj tra`sadtck` wctj

durrb`t lbpt agtbr nac`tac`c`& tjb !bl&br badj lbpt/

jb lbpt tab darb aokut okkbbpc`&. nac`tac`s !bl&br a`l durrb`t addku`ts kg

lcggbrb`t lbpt/

"k!!kwc`& arb tjb lcggbrb`t gu`dtck`s pbrgkrnbl oy tjcs lbpartnb`t/

1/ rbparatck` kg nk`tj!y. $uartbr!y. sbnca`ùa!!y a`l ybar!y oa!a`db sjbbt kg tjb

ora`dj/

F/ k nac`tac` a!! addku`ts kg lcggbrb`t lbpartnb`t/

4/ (a!du!atck` kg prkgct kg lcggbrb`t c`,bstnb`t sdjbnbs/

;/ (a!du!atck` kg nar-up kg lcggbrb`t al,a`dbs/

2/ rbparatck` kg lcggbrb`t typb kg rbpkrts gkr statb oa` kg acsta`/

7/ rbparatck` kg lac!y pksctck` rbpkrt kg dasj a`l b,bry addku`t/

16


34/74

/ jb nkst cnpkrta`t gu`dtck` cs tjb djbdc`& a`l ta!!yc`& lac!y sunnarcbs kg

lcggbrb`t lbpartnb`ts wctj !bl&brDs oa!a`db

?>+ Lbpksc"s T1bnb

%bpkscts tk tjb oa` arb as tjb oadok`b tk tjb okly kg na` ct cs !cgbo!kkl kg a

oa`/ jb oa` okrrkws nk`by grkn &b`bra! puo!cd oy addbptc`& kr oy a`

kggbrc`& suctao!b ratb kg !ct k` tjbn. kr scnp!y prkncsb tk rbpay k` lbna`l/ jb`

tjb oa` rbdbc,bs tjb lbpkscts. ct obdknbs tjb lbotkr a`l d!cb`t assunbs pksctck`

kg drblctkr/

8t 8O tjb nac` tjrust cs k` dustknbr satcsgadtck`/ jb Oa` prk,clbs na`y

kppkrtu`ctcbs tk p!adb tjb gu`ls c` ,arcbty kg lbpksct addku`ts c`d!ulc`& gkrbc&`durrb`dy lbpksct addku`t a`l kggbr a wclb ra`&b kg gadc!ctcbs a`l sbr,cdbs tac!krbl

tk suct tjb pbrsk`a! as wb!! as lknbstcd a`l gkrbc&` ousc`bss rb$ucrbnb`ts kg cts

dustknbrs/ jb lcggbrb`t lbpksct sdjbnbs kggbrbl oy 8O arb as gk!!kws

4urrb`" Lbpksc" T1bnb

Vurpksb

jb purpksb kg tjcs addku`t cs tk prk,clb tjb gadc!cty tk tjb addku`t jk!lbr tjat jb

da` lbpksct kr wctjlraw a`y anku`t kg nk`by grkn jcs oa!a`db at a`y tcnb/

Lbpksc" k/ u`6s

"u`ls da` ob drblctbl c`tk tjb durrb`t lbpksct addku`t c` tjb gkrn kg dasj.

(jb$ubs a`l ktjbr gc`a`dca! c`strunb`ts lraw` k` a`y ktjbr Oa` kr a`y ktjbr

ora`dj kg 8O/

Nc`cnun H Na=cnun Oama`1b

jcs addku`t da` ob kpb`bl wctj a nc`cnun oa!a`db kg #s/ 166 a`l tjbrb arb `k

na=cnun !cncts k` oa!a`db/

Nar7&p

*k 'ar-up cs &c,b` tk tjb durrb`t lbpksct addku`t jk!lbrs/ "urtjbrnkrb tjb

durrb`t addku`ts arb b=bnptbl grkn Haat/

VMT Ta-c`, Oa`7 Lbpksc"

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Nc`cnun H Na=cnun Oama`1b

rkgct a`l kss sjarc`& Oa` addku`t da` ob kpb`bl wctj a nc`cnun kg #s/ 166/

jbrb arb `k !cncts k` tjb na=cnun oa!a`db/

Lbpksc" k/ u`6s

"u`ls da` ob lbpksctbl c`tk tjcs addku`t tjrku&j (asj. (jb$ubs a`l ktjbr

gcà`dc`& c`strunb`ts lraw` k` a`y Oa` kr a`y ktjbr ora`dj kg 8O/ jb Oa`

wc!! tab darb kg tk sbb tjat tjb drblct a`l lboct b`trcbs arb dkrrbdt!y rbdkrlbl c`

tjb addku`ts kg tjb addku`t jk!lbrs out c` dasb kg a`y brrkr. tjb Oa` sja!! ob

rbspk`sco!b nab tjb dkrrbdt al)ustc`& b`trcbs wctjkut `ktcdc`& tjb addku`t jk!lbr

a`l rbdk,br a`y anku`t lub grkn tjb addku`t jk!lbrs/

Vrk/c"

jb prkgct cs &c,b` agtbr b,bry sc= nk`tjs a`l tjb ratb kg prkgct cs a``ku`dbl sbnc

a`ùa!!y/ jb k,bra!! prkgct kg Oa` gkr sc= nk`tjs cs lbtbrnc`bl a`l k` tjat

oascs tjb ratb kg prkgct k` tjcs addku`t cs da!du!atbl/ jb prkgct cs &c,b` tk tjb

addku`t jk!lbr k` tjb nk`tj wcsb prkludt/ Ct cs lbtbrnc`bl k` tjb nc`cnun

oa!a`db kg addku`t grkn tj tk 41st kg b,bry nk`tj/ jb T sa,c`& ratb

a``ku`dbl oy TO gkr tjb `b=t sc= nk`tjs cs E/

Bmc,ccmc". /kr Tarc`, Vrk/c"9Mkss k/ "b Oa`7

T sa,c`& addku`t ja,c`& a ru``c`& nc`cnun drblct oa!a`db kg #s/ 166. wku!l

ob b!c&co!b gkr sjarc`& prkgctG!kss kg tjb Oa` tjb prkpkrtck` kg tjb prkgct kr !kss

k` T Ta,c`& 8ddku`t sja!! ob lbtbrnc`bl oy tjb Oa` c` cts sk!b lcsdrbtck` a`l

tjb Oa` lbdcsck` sja!! ob gcà! a`l oc`lc`& k` tjb T 8ddku`t jk!lbr/

jb Oa` sja!! ob wctjc` cts rc&jts tk nab c`,bstnb`t kg drblct oa!a`dbsGlbpkscts

c` T Ta,c`& 8ddku`t c` a`y na``br at cts sk!b lcsdrbtck` a`l tk nab usb kg

tjb gu`ls tk tjb obst kg cts )ul&bnb`t c` tjb oa`c`& ousc`bss u`lbr tjb T

systbn/


36/74

a!tbratck` c` tjb sc&àturb kg tjb lrawbr. tjb` ct nust ob autjb`tcdatbl oy tjb

lrawbrIs gu!! sc&àturbs/

kst latbl a`l sta!b (jb$ubs sja!! `kt ob pacl/ ctjlrawa!s grkn T sa,c`&

addku`ts arb a!!kwbl `kt nkrb tja` bc&jt tcnbs c` a nk`tj a`l a tkta! anku`t `kt

b=dbblc`& #s/ F2.666/ "kr wctjlrawa! kg !ar&br anku`t. sb,b` lays `ktcdb cs

rb$ucrbl tk ob &c,b`/

4br"ac` K"br ba"urbs

,bry addku`t jk!lbr wc!! ob rb$ucrbl tk &c,b a spbdcnb` kg jcs sc&àturb gkr

rbdkrl/ Cg tjbrb cs a`y s!c&jtbst lkuot rba!c>bl oy tjb Oa` rb&arlc`& tjb

sc&àturb kg tjb addku`t jk!lbr. Oa` cs b`tct!bl tk rbgusb paynb`t kg djb$ub

lraw` oy tjb addku`t jk!lbr/ adj addku`t wc!! ob &c,b` a ùnobr a`l addku`t

jk!lbr sjku!l a!ways $uktb tjcs ùnobr wjb` wrctc`& tk tjb Oa` rb&arlc`& jcs

addku`t kr wjb` nac`& lbpkscts kr wctjlrawa!s/ 8`y dja`&b c` allrbss kg

addku`t jk!lbr sjku!l ob cnnblcatb!y dknnu`cdatbl tk tjb Oa`/

8ddku`t nay ob tra`sgbr grkn k`b ora`dj tk a`ktjbr ora`dj kg tjb Oa` grbb kg

djar&b. wctjkut aggbdtc`& tjb prkgctG!kss addruc`& pksctck` kg tjb addku`t/ jb

addku`t jk!lbr wcsjc`& tk d!ksb tjb addku`t nust prbsb`t tjb passokk a`l

uùsbl (jb$ubs tk tjb Oa`. c` krlbr tk lraw tjb oa!a`db anku t/ C` dasb kg

addku`t jk!lbr wcsjc`& tk d!ksb tjb addku`t wctjc` a pbrckl kg sc= nk`tj grkn tjb

latb kg cts kpb`c`& a djar&b kg #s/466 k` addku`t kg dkst kg passokk wc!! ob

nalb/

*k drblct gadc!ctcbs wc!! ob a!!kwbl a&ac`st tjb oa!a`dbs c` T Ta,c`& 8ddku`ts/

jb Oa` jas a rc&jt tk d!ksb a`y addku`t wctjkut &c,c`& a`y prb,ckus `ktcdb tktjb addku`t jk!lbr. wjcdj c` cts kpc`ck` cs `kt obc`& satcsgadtkry. kpbratbl upk`/

Ammcb6 \brn pmus Lbpksc" A11ku`"F

jcs addku`t da` ob kpb`bl wctj tjb nc`cnun kg #s/ F. 26.666 a`l tjbrb cs `k

!cnct k` tjb na=cnun oa!a`db/

Vrk/c"

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37/74

jb prkgct cs pacl k` tjb lac!y prkludt. c/b/. tjb nc`cnun oa!a`db grkn 1 sttk 41st

cs da!du!atbl a`l k` tjat oa!a`db tjb prkgct ratb cs app!cbl/ jb ratb kg prkgct k`

tjcs addku`t as a``ku`dbl k` 41st0u`b F61; cs 16E/

K-brsbas VMT A11ku`"

,brsbas acsta`cs da` kpb` tjcs addku`t oy rbncttc`& tjbcr anku`t c`tk tjcs

addku`t/ jcs addku`t da` ob kpb`bl k`!y wjb` tjb (!cb t rbncts jcs anku t

jbrb grkn aorkal/

Lbpksc" k/ u`6s

"u`ls da` ob lbpksctbl c`tk tjcs addku`t tjrku&j (jb$ubs. %%s. s a`l ktjbr

gcà`dca! c`strunb`ts lraw` k` a`y Oa` kr a`y ktjbrs ora`dj kg 8O/

Vrk/c"

k attradt tjb k,brsbas acsta`cs. 8O kggbrs :E jc&jbr ratb kg prkgct tja` tjb

T tbrn lbpkscts gkr acsta c rbsclb ts/ jb durrb`t ratb kg prkgct k` tjcs

addku`t as a``ku`dbl oy Oa` k` 41st%bd/ F61; cs 3/2 E/

Ammcb6 _bDar6c`, \brn Lbpksc" 4br"c/c1a"bsF

jb nc`cnun oa!a`db gkr tjcs addku`t cs #s/ 1.66.666 a`l `k na=cnun !cnct/

?kwb,br tjb oa!a`db sjku!l ob c` nu!tcp!bs kg #s/ 1.66.666/

Na"urc". Vbrck6

jb naturcty pbrckl kg 8!!cbl tbrn lbpksct dbrtcgcdatbs cs gc=bl a`l ct cs tjrbb

ybars/

Vrk/c"

jbrb arb tjrbb lcggbrb`t datb&krcbs gkr tjb paynb`t kg prkgct/ "kr badj datb&kry

tjb prkgct ratb cs lcggbrb`t/ *krna!!y tjb prkgct ra`&bs grkn 3E tk 11E/ jb

prkgct nay ob pacl $uartbr!y. sbnc a`ùa!!y kr a`ùa!!y/ jb ratbs kg prkgct gkr

tjbsb datb&krcbs arb as gk!!kws

@uartbr!y ratb kg prkgct 3 E

1;


38/74

Tbnc a`ùa!!y ratb kg prkgct 3/2E

8`ùa!!y ratb kg prkgct 11 E

jb` tjbsb (brtcgcdatbs arb cssubl tk tjb dustknbrs. lcggbrb`t prkgct dkupk` cs

attadjbl wctj tjbn/ jb` tjb dustknbr sjkws tjb dkupk`. tjb prkgct cs pacl tk

jcn/ Cg tjb tbrn dbrtcgcdatb darrcbs a`ùa!!y paynb`t kg prkgct tjb` ct wc!! obar

tjrbb dkupk`s. k`b gkr badj ybar!y paynb`t/ Tcnc!ar!y. a sbnc a`ùa!!y prkgct

paynb`t dbrtcgcdatbs wc!! ja,b sc= dkupk`s a`l a`ùa!!y prkgct paynb`t

dbrtcgcdatb wc!! ja,b twb!,b dkupk`s/ Tuppksb a d!cb`t jas ybar!y prkgct tbrn

dbrtcgcdatb a`l jb lkbs `kt tab jcs gcrst ybar prkgct. tjb` tjcs prkgct wc!! rbnac`

wctj tjb Oa` a`l jb da` tab ct c` tjb `b=t c` tjb `b=t ybar wctj tjb sbdk`lpaynb`t/ Out `k narup wc!! ob &c,b` k` jcs prb,ckus prkgct/

\a= a`6 a7a" Lb6u1"ck`F

aynb`t kg prkgct cs suo)bdt tk lbludtck` kg ctjjk!lc`& a= a`l Haat as pbr

ru!bs/

=bnptck` k` Haat cs a,ac!ao!b as pbr !aw/

Nk6b k/ Va.nb`"

(!cb`t wc!! b`)ky tjb gadc!cty kg rbdbc,c`& tjb prkgct tjrku&j aynb`t rlbr

G%bna`l %ragtGksta! 'k`by rlbr. b,bry nk`tj at jcs lkkrstbp/ 8t (!cb`tIs

lcsdrbtck` jb kr jcs autjkrc>bl rbprbsb`tatc,b da` a!sk rbdbc,b tjb prkgct tjrku&j

(asjGay rlbrG%bna`l %ragt/ Tc`db tjb prkgct sja!! ob payao!b oy tjb Ora`dj

wjbrb (!cb`t wc!! kpb` jcs addku`t u`lbr tjb K8!!cbl 'ajaà 8nal`c TdjbnbsI ct

da` a!sk ob drblctbl tk jcs addku`t b,bry nk`tj/

Ammcb6 Sku`, Ta-br 4br"c/c1a"bsF

jcs sdjbnb jas obb` kggbrbl spbdca!!y gkr tjb djc!lrb / jcs sdjbnb jas tjb

naturcty pbrckl kg tb` ybars/ jcs sdjbnb was c`trkludbl. k` tjb sanb gkktc`&s

as tjat kg *atckà! sa,c & dbrtcgcdatbs. wjcdj arb cssubl oy *atckà! sa,c &

db`tbrs/ jb anku`t lbpksctbl c` tjbsb (brtcgcdatbs obdknbs gkur tcnbs agtbr tjb

naturcty pbrckl kg 12 ybars/ "kr b=anp!b. cg a pbrsk` lbpkscts 2.666 #s c` tjcs

addku`t. tjb` agtbr naturcty pbrckl tjcs anku`t wc!! ob F6.666/

T"a`6c`, C`s"ru1"ck s

12


39/74

jb Oa` b=tb`ls tjb gadc!cty tk cts dustknbr tk &c,b sta`lc`& c`strudtck`s tk nbbt

gc`a`dca! ko!c&atck`s kr dknnctnb`t. sudj as paynb`t kg !ka` c`sta!!nb`t kg

?O"(. paynb`t kg c`sura`db prbncun. btd/ jb Oa` prk,clbl tjbrb cs a

oa!a`db c` tjb addku`t kr sknb ktjbr arra`&bnb`ts ja,b obb` a&rbbl upk`

obtwbb` tjb Oa` a`l tjb dustknbr darrcbs kut tjb sta`lc`& c`strudtck`s/

T"a`6c`, C`s"ru1"ck` bb

Tta`lc`& c`strudtck` gbb wc!! ob rbdk,brbl c` allctck` tk tjb usua! djar&bs k`

rbnctta`dbs. cg a`y/ jb sta`lc`& c`strudtck` gbb cs #s/ 46 pbr tra`sadtck`/

T"kp pa.nb`" c`s"ru1"ck`s

Cg a d!cb`t wa`ts tk stkp tjb paynb`t k` tjb cssubl djb$ub. wjb` ct wc!! dknb gkr

d!barc`& tk tjb oa`. tjb` jb jas tk &c,b a` app!cdatck`/ c` tjcs app!cdatck` tjb

d!cb`t jas tk &c,b sknb rbask`s obdausb kg wjcdj jb wa`ts tk stkp tjb paynb`t k`

tjb cssubl djb$ub/ jcs stkp paynb`t app!cdatck` cs rbdkrlbl c` tjb stkp paynb`t

rb&cstbr a`l a dautck` cs narbl k` tjb addku`t kg tjb d!cb`t sk tjat. wjb` tjb

cssubl djb$ub dknbs gkr d!barc`& ct nay `kt ob d!barbl/

Ammcb6 OaC7"car Lbpksc" T1bnbF

Orc`&s yku u`para!!b!bl !cgb c`sura`db dk,br a!k`& wctj attradtc,b nk`tj!y prkgct/

'c`cnun %bpksct anku`t - #s/ 26.666G- kr nu!tcp!bs tjbrbkg/ C`sura`db dk,br up

tk - #s/ 2.666.666G-/ (knpbtctc,b ratb kg prkgct/

aynb`t kg prkgct k` nk`tj!y oascs/ 8utknatcd rb`bwa! k` gadb ,a!ub/

cgb C`sura`db up tk 2 tcnbs kg ykur lbpksct anku`t wctj `k b=tra dkst/

rbncun sja!! ob pacl oy tjb oa`

"u!! paynb`t kg d!acn c` dasb kg - %batj - brna`b`t kta! %csaoc!cty

!c&coc!cty 8&b - 1: tk 7; ybars/

*k nblcda! b=anc`atck` gkr

- %bpksct up tk #s/ 266.666G- < a&b up tk 76/

- %bpksct up tk #s/ 166.666G- < a&b aok,b 76 < uptk 71/

8!!cbl ajaggu> %bpksct (brtcgcdatb addbptao!b as dk!!atbra!/

17


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$ 4JAV\B_ @K+ $

AL'A@4BT94_BLC\ LBVA_\NB@\

1


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1:


42/74

?:+ AL'A@4C@) LBVA_\NB@\

8l,a`dbs lbpartnb`t kg a oa` prk,clbs na`y gadc!ctcbs tk ,arckus c`lc,clua!s

a`l ousc`bssnb` a&ac`st djar&c`& tjb c`tbrbst grkn tjbn/

Ct cs tjb usua! pradtcdb kg tjb oad !b,b! ct b=anc`bs tjb pbrusa! djaradtbrcstcds kg

tjb okrrkwbr a`l tjb rbputatck` a`l sdkpb kg tjb ousc`bss jb cs lkc`& kr &kc`& tk

start/

?kwb,br. tjbrb arb tjrbb ways `krna!!y usbl tk sbbn tjb addku`t/

Vmb6,b

!bl&b cs a dk`tradt obtwbb` tjb okrrkwbr a`l tjb oad wjbrboy tjb &kkls arb

tra`sgbrrbl c`tk tjb oa`brDs pkssbssck` wjc!b tjb kw`brsjcp rbnac`s c` tjb

pkssbssck` kg tjb okrrkwbr/ jcs pkssbssck` rbnac`s wctj tjb oa` u`tc! tjb

paynb`t kg !ka` cs lu!!y nalb/ C` dasb kg lbgau!t. tjb oad da` sa!b tjb &kkls

agtbr &c,c`& tjb `ktcdb/

Nkr",a,b

'krt&a&b cs a dk`tradt wjbrboy tjb c`tbrbst c` a`y spbdcgcbl cnnk,ao!b prkpbrty

cs tra`sgbrrbl tk tjb oa`br c` krlbr tk &c,b tjb sbdurcty gkr tjb paynb`t kg lbots/

J.pk"b1a"ck`

?ypktjbdatck` cs a tbrn wjbrb &kkls arb djar&bl gkr tjb purpksb kg sbdurcty/ Out

tjb pkssbssck` a`l kw`brsjcp rbnac`s wctj tjb kw`br kg tjb &kkls/

?;+ 4a"b,krcbs k/ A6-a`1bs

jb oa` da` nab tjb al,a`dbs c` tjb gk!!kwc`& tjrbb ways/

,brlragt

ka`

(asj (rblct

K-br6ra/"F

+`lbr sudj arra`&bnb`t tjb dustknbr cs a!!kwbl tk wctjlraw tjb anku t

b=dbssc,b grkn jcs oa!a`db/ Out tjb !cnct kg anku`t cs sa`dtck`bl oy tjb na`a&bra`l &c,b` gkr a gc=bl pbrckl/

1


43/74

Mka`F

jb` tjb oa` nabs tjb al,a`dbs c` a !unp sun. tk ob rbpacl c` !unp sun kr c`

gkrns kg c`sta!!nb`ts wctj c`tbrbst at a`y guturb latb. cs `kw` as !ka`/ jbsb

!ka`s nay ob kg sjkrt a`l !k`& tbrn/

4as 4rb6c"F

jbsb al,a`dbs arb nalb a&ac`st tjb sbdurcty kg tjb &kkls wjcdj nay ob nalb

!cb c` tjb gkrn p!bl&b kr jypktjbdatck`/ jb oa` drblcts tjb okrrkwbrDs addku`t

wctj tjb anku`t nac`& as !ka`/ jb anku`t da` `kt ob wctjlraw` c` !unp sun/

jc!b c`tbrbst cs pacl k` tjb anku`t wctjlraw` grkn tjb oa`/

?0+ \.pbs k/ Mka`s

jb Oa` prk,clbs tjb gadc!cty kg twk typbs kg gcà`dc`&/

"u`ls oasbl "cà`dc`&

*k` "u`ls oasbl "cà`dc`&

u`6s Oasb6 cà`1c`,F

jb typb kg "cà`dc`& c` wjcdj tjb gu`ls kg tjb Oa` arb lcrbdt!y c`,k!,bl cs

da!!bl "u`ls oasbl "cà`dc`&/

jbrb arb gk!!kwc`& typbs kg "u`ls oasbl "cà`dc`&/

#u``c`& "cà`db

(asj "cà`db

%bna`l "cà`db

%bna`l "cà`db a&ac`st "krbc&` (urrb`dy 8ddku`t

%bna`l "cà`db tk Ttagg

"cà`db 8&ac`st kda! 'aùgadturbl 'adjc`bry

8!!cbl $ucty Ouc!lc`& !a`

+`kr&a`c>bl Tbdtkr "cà`dc`& Tdjbnb

?kusc`& "cà`db

8&rcdu!tura! "cà`db

"cà`db +`lbr Tna!! Ousc`bss a`l Tna!! C`lustrcbs

,brsbas np!kynb`t "cà`dc`& Tdjbnb

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44/74

"cà`db 8&ac`st rust #bdbcpt

brn "cà`db (brtcgcdatbs

"cà`db gkr k,br`nb`t pbratck`s

@kù`6 Oasb6 cà`1c`,F

jb typb kg gcà`dc`& c` wjcdj tjb gu`ls kg tjb Oa` arb `kt c`,k!,bl cs da!!bl

J*k`-"u`l Oasbl "cà`dc`&J/ +`lbr `k`-gu`l oasbl gcà`dc`&. tjb gk!!kwc`&

sdjbnbs arb a,ac!ao!b c` 8!!cbl Oa` cnctbl/

bttbr kg uara`tbb

brgkrna`db Ok`ls

Ocl Ok`ls

bttbr g (rblct 9C`!a`l5

4


45/74

5 4JAV\B_ @K+5

K_BC)@ B24JA@)B LBVA_\NB@\

;


46/74

3+ AOM K_BC)@ B24JA@)B

C` tjb ,bry ob&c``c`& kg tjcs bra pbkp!b wbrb `kt awarb kg gkrbc&` b=dja`&b/ 8!!

tjb gkrbc&` nk`by was bpt at ja`l a`l tjcs cl!b nk`by lcl `kt dk`trcoutbl c` tjb

acsta` bdk`kny at tjat tcnb/ Out c` 1331 gkrbc&` lbpartnb`t c`trkludbl was

c`trkludbl oy tjb &k,br`nb`t kg tjat tcnb/ 8gtbr obc`& c`trkludbl pbkp!b

lbpksctbl tjbcr durrb`dy c tjb Oa`/ Ct was tjb anku`t b$ua! tk tjb tkta! a

#upbbs tjat wbrb c` tjb dcrdu!atck` c` tjb bdk`kny kg acsta`/

8gtbr tjb gkrbc&` durrb`dy addku ts wbrb kpb`bl. tjb bdk`kny &ralua!!y

cnprk,bl obdausb gkrbc&` durrb`dy dk`trcoutbl a !kt/ Obgkrb tjb gadc!cty kg

gkrbc&` durrb`dy addku`ts. `bar!y 76E gkrbc&` durrb`dy was jb!l oy tjb pbkp!bas cl!b/

3!+ AOM krbc,` 4urrb`1. A11ku`"s

C` 8!!cbl Oa` cnctbl. "krbc&` (urrb`dy addku`t da` ob kpb`bl c` gkur na)kr

durrb`dcbs/

+T %k!!ar

Ttbr!c`& ku`l

0apa`bsb Sb`

%butsdjb 'ar

4rc"brca /kr Kpb`c`, krbc,` 4urrb`1. A11ku`"F

jbrb arb `kt jarl a`l gast ru!bs gkr obdknc`& tjb "krbc&` (urrb`dy 8ddku`t

jk!lbr/ Oa` wa`ts k`!y c`trkludtck` kg tjb (!cb`t a`l ,bry !ctt!b aokut tjb

oad&rku`l/ C/% darl cs a!sk `kt `bdbssary. cg sknbk`b jas wb!! a`l &kkl.ktjbrwcsb `k rbstrcdtck` wc!! ob tjbrb gkr jcn/ 'c`cnun rb$ucrbnb`ts arb `kt

a!sk gc=bl "/(/ 8ddku`ts/ Ct da` ob kpbratbl oy 16V k`!y/ Out ktjbr Oa`s nay

ja,b sknb !cncts k` nc`cnun rb$ucrbnb`t/

C`1b`"c-bs "k krbc,` 4urrb`1. A11ku`" Jkm6brsF

jb gk!!kwc`& c`db`tc,bs wc!! ob &ra`tbl tk tjb %bpksct ?k!lbrs wjk nac`tac` a

"krbc&` (urrb`dy %bpksct wctj nc`cnun oa!a`db kg +T/ V26.666G- kr 0apa`bsb

Sb 2.666.666G- pr / Tt&/42. 666G-kr %/' 2.666G-

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47/74

jb ora`djbs 8utjkrc>bl tk lba! c` "krbc&` =dja`&b a`l nac`tac` "krbc&`

(urrb`dy 8ddku`ts wc!! b`surb tjat tjb gk!!kwc`& sbr,cdbs wc!! ob rb`lbrbl oy tjb

oa` tk tjb "krbc&` (urrb`dy 8ddku`t ?k!lbrs c` aok,b datb&kry. grbb kg

djar&bGkr rbludc`& tjb dknncssck` c` dbrtac` tra`sadtck`s as nb`tck`bl a&ac`st

badj ctbn/

Cssua`db kg "krbc&` tra,b!br (jb$ubs tk tjb 8ddku`t-jk!lbrs tk tjb lboct kg tjbrb

"krbc&` (urrb`dy 8ddku`ts/

Cssua`db kg Oa!a`db (k`gcrnatck` (brtcgcdatbs 9grbb kg djar&b5

%b!c,bry kg (jb$ub Okks #b&cstbrbl 'ac! 9grbb kg djar&b5

Cssua`db kg rkdbbls #ba!c>atck` (brtcgcdatbs 9grbb kg djar&b5

ba"urbs k/ krbc,` 4urrb`1. A11ku`"sF

jbrb wc!! ob !b&a! prktbdtck` gkr tjb addku`t jk!lbrs/

8ddkrlc`& tk gkrbc&` b=dja`&b ru!bs a`l rb&u!atck` b,bry dctc>b` kg acsta`.

bctjbr wctjc` tjb acsta` kr kutsclb tjb acsta`. da` kpb` tjb gkrbc&` durrb`dy

addku`t/ #bsclb`t gcrns a`l #bsclb`t (knpa`cbs c`d!ulc`& c`,bstnb`t Oa`s da`

kpb` "krbc&` (urrb`dy 8ddku`ts/

8!! gkrbc&` àtckà!s a`l gkrbc&` (knpa`cbs c` acsta` kr aorkal da` kpb`

"krbc&` (urrb`dy 8ddku`ts/pb`c`& kg "krbc&` (urrb`dy 8ddku ts c` tjb )kc t ànbs kg rbsclb`tsG`k`-

rbsclb`ts cs pbrncssco!b/ "krbc&` (urrb`dy da` ob lbpksctbl oy-

#bnctta`db rbdbc,bl grkn aorkal

ra,b!br (jb$ubs

"krbc&` (urrb`dy *ktbs

"krbc&` durrb`dy obarbr (brtcgcdatbs

jbrb wc!! ob `k rbstrcdtck` a`l $ubstck`c & tk jcn aokut tjb durrb`dy. wjcdj jb

wa`ts tk lbpksct tjat grkn wjbrb jb &kt tjat nk`by/

*k Haat wc!! ob lbludtbl k` tjbsb addku`ts `k C`dknb a= lbludtck`. `k

ba!tj a= lbludtck` wc!! ob tjbrb/

jbsb c`db`tc,bs rbc`gkrdb a`l nktc,atbl tjb pbkp!b tk c`,bst c` gkrbc&` durrb`dy

addku`ts ratjbr tk bbp tjb gkrbc&` durrb`dy cl!b/

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4urrb`" Lbpksc"sF

'u!tcp!b wctjlrawa!s kg a`y part kg oa!a`db da` ob nalb k` lbna`l/ "u`ls da`

ob drblctbl c`tk tjb durrb`t lbpksct addku`t c` tjb gkrn kg dasj. (jb$ubs a`l

ktjbr gc`a`dca! c`strunb ts lraw` k` a`y oa` kr ktjbr ora`dj kg 8O/ jb

durrb`t addku`t cs suctbl tk nbbt oktj lknbstcd a`l ousc`bss rb$ucrbnb`ts kg tjb

dustknbr/

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50/74

> 4JAV\B_ @K+ >

V_KL&4\ A@L TB_'C4BT K AOM

2


51/74

33+ OA@E KB_C@)T

jb oa` prk,clbs cts dustknbr ,arckus prkludts < sbr,cdbs. tk datbr tjbrb `bbl

kg c`,bstnb`ts a`l ktjbr skdca! kr ousc bss rb$ucrbnb`ts/ jbsb rkludt atck` a`l 8utknatck` rbnac`bl k`b kg tjb tkp prckrcty arbas kg tjb

naà&bnb`t/ %urc`& tjb ybar 133:. allctckà! sb,b` 8's wbrb c`sta!!bl a`l ct

obdknbs tkta! kg F: 8's a,ac!ao!b c` a!nkst a!! na)kr dctcbs kg acsta` at tjat

tcnb/ *kw 8O cs dk``bdtbl wctj 1* tjb oc&&bst (jac` kg 8' nadjc`bs

c`sta!!bl wctj tjb )kc`t dkkpbratck` kg tjb na)kr Oa`s c` acsta`/

Oy tjb b`l kg %bdbnobr 1337. dknputbrc>bl ora`djbs wbrb ;: wjbrbas wkr k`

33 ora`djbs tk ob dknputbrc>bl kgg-!c`b was u`lbrway/ C` 133: a`l 1333. na`y

ktjbr ora`djbs ja,b a!sk obb` dknputbrc>bl c` tjb dku`tryIs na)kr dctcbs/ jby

acn tk dknputbrc>b a!! ora`djbs wctjc` ybars/

*kw `bar aokut 6E kg tjb 8O Ora`djbs arb dknputbrc>bl a`l wjbrbas 72 kut

kg tjbn arb k`!c`b k` b=pbrcnb`ta! oascs/ Ct cs b=pbdtbl tjat wctjc` 7 nk`tjs a!!

dknputbrc>bl Ora`djbs wc!! obdknb k`!c`b oa`c`&/

C` allctck` 8!!cbl b!b-oa`c`& Tbr,cdb was nalb a,ac!ao!b c` "cà`db < ralb

(b`tbr Ora`dj. Aaradjc a`l O!ub 8rba Ora`dj. Cs!anaoal/

AOM A\N Amm\cnb Oa`7c`,F

8!!cbl Oa` cs `kw c`trkludc`& tjb 8!!cbl(asj_ a!sk rbgbrrbl tk as 8' darl/

Sku wc!! `kw ja,b tjb dk`,b`cb`db kg wctjlrawc`& dasj grkn a`y kg kur nu!tcp!b8's 9J8!!-cnb Oa`c`&J !kdatck` dk`,b`cb`t!y !kdatbl c` na)kr dctcbs at a`y

tcnb kg tjb lay kr `c&jt b,b` k` d!ksbl laysGjk!clays/ tjbr sbr,cdbs c`d!ulb

dustknbr obc`& ao!b tk c`$ucrb aokut tjb oa!a`db kg jcsGjbr addku`t kr prc`tc`& a`

aoorb,catbl 9nc`c5 statbnb`t sjkwc`& tjb nkst rbdb`t bc&jt tra`sadtck`s up tk tjb

prb,ckus wkrc`& lay/

JkD "k K"ac`F

C` krlbr tk kotac` a` 8!!cbl(asj_ (arl. yku scnp!y ja,b tk gc!! kut tjb prbsdrcobl

8pp!cdatck` gkrn a,ac!ao!b at sb!bdtbl 8!!cbl Oa` Ora`djbs c` Aaradjc a`l

ajkrb/ jb lu!y gc!!bl gkrn sjku!l ob ja`lbl k,br tk tjb 'aà&br kg tjb Ora`dj

wjbrb yku arb nac`tac`c`& ykur addku`t/ *k`-addku`t jk!lbrs wku!l gcrst ja,b tk

kpb` a` addku`t wctj 8!!cbl Oa` tk ja,b addbss tk tjcs gadc!cty/ Sku da` gbb!

aosk!utb!y sagb aokut ykur 8!!cbl(asj(arl obdausb ct da` k`!y ob usbl wctj tjb

brskà! Clb`tcgcdatck` *unobr 9C*5 wjcdj cs &c,b` tk yku oy tjb oa`/ 8s a

sbdurcty nbasurb. yku sjku!l bbp tjcs ùnobr aosk!utb!y (k`gclb`tca!/

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56/74

AOM K//br K`mc`b Oa`7c`,F

8O kggbr k`!c`b oa`c`& gadc!ctcbs tk cts dustknbrs tjrku&j c`tbr-ora`dj

dk``bdtc,cty at sb!bdtbl ora`djbs/ C`ctca!!y 72 ora`djbs wc!! ob ao!b tk kggbr tjcs

gadc!cty tjrku&j a lata dknnu`cdatck` `btwkr obc`& bstao!csjbl gkr tjcs purpksb/

Tuosb$ub`t!y. tjcs ùnobr wc!! c`drbasb as allctckà! ora`djbs &bt dk``bdtbl tk

tjb `btwkr/ Ora`djbs dk``bdtbl tk tjb `btwkr wc!! ob rbgbrrbl tk as Jk`!c`bJ

ora`djbs/

+`lbr k`!c`b oa`c`& gadc!ctcbs. dustknbrs nac`tac c`& addku ts c` k`!c`b

ora`djbs wku!l ob ao!b tk kpbratb tjbcr addku`ts grkn a`y kg tjb k`!c`b ora`djbs

spbdcgcda!!y. a` k`!c`b ora`dj wc!! kggbr tjb gk!!kwc`& tra`sadtck`s tk addku`t

jk!lbrs kg ktjbr k`!c`b ora`djbs

Oa!a`db `$ucry

Ttatbnb`t kg 8ddku`t

(asj %bpksct

(asj wctjlrawa!

Ammcb6 EarsaG T1bnb (@k C`"brbs"9Nar7up%F

8!!cbl Oa` nk,bs a stbp gkrwarl tkwarls c`tbrbst grbb oa`c`& oy c`trkludc`&

8!!cbl Aarsa> Tdjbnb/ jb acn kg tjcs sdjbnb cs tk prk,clb a` kppkrtu`cty tk tjb

lbpksctkrs tk tab al,a`ta&b kg a rba! #coa "rbb bdk`kncd b`,crk`nb`t a`l a,ac!

C`tbrbst "rbb a`l 'ar-up "rbb "cà`db at tjb tcnb kg `bbl tk nbbt tjbcr ousc`bss.

tralb a`l a&rcdu!tura! gcà`dca! ko!c&atck`s/

rkspbdtc,b d!cb`t wjk wc!! nac`tac` a rbtur` grbb lbpksct gkr at !bast 4

nk`tjs sja!! ob b!c&co!b tk a,ac! c`tbrbst grbbGnar-up grbb gcà`db/

%bpksct anku`t. #s/166.666G- a`l nu!tcp!bs tjbrbkg/

'c`cnun lbpksct pbrckl. 4 nk`tjs wctj autknatcd rk!!k,br gadc!cty/

rbnaturb b`dasjnb`t a!!kwbl. wctjkut a`y pbà!tyGdjar&b/

!c&co!b lbpksctkrs nay a,ac! gcà`db c`lc,clua!!y kr gkr tjb dknpa`cbs

wjbrbc` tjby ja,b gcà`dca! c`tbrbstGstab/

'c`cnun lbpksct pbrckl gkr b!c&coc!cty kg gcà`db. 4 nk`tjs/

'a=cnun pbrckl kg gcà`db. 7 nk`tjs/

'a=cnun pbrckl tk a,ac! gcà`db. 1F nk`tjs grkn tjb naturcty kg lbpksct/

7


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,bry nk`tj 946 lays5 dknp!btbl oy tjb lbpksct sja!! ob tab` c`tk addku`t

gkr da!du!atck` kg b`tct!bnb`t kg gcà`db/

"cà`db wc!! ob a!!kwbl tk tjb b!c&co!b d!cb`ts. k`!y k` prk,clc`& alb$uatb

sbdurctcbs addbptao!b tk tjb oa` a`l gu!gc!!nb`t kg ktjbr rb$ucrbnb`ts/ "c a`db prkpksa! prkdbssc & gbb #s/ 166G- 9`k`-rbgu`lao!b5 p!us

lkdunb`tatck` dkst k` adtua! oascs/

C` dasb kg lbgau!tGlb!ay c` rbpaynb`ts. pbà!ty Q 6/622E pbr lay 9F6/62E

p/a/5 tk ob p!adbl c` djarcty 8G(/

"krnu!ab gkr da!du!atck` kg b`tct!bnb`t kg gcà`db/

- Tanb anku`t kg gcà`db gkr ja!g tjb pbrckl kg lbpksct kr

- Tanb pbrckl kg gcà`db gkr ja!g tjb anku t kg lbpksct/


58/74

: 4JAV\B_ @K+ :

K@MC@B 9 A\N 9 C@\B_@B\ OA@EC@)

:


59/74

3;+ K@MC@B OA@EC@)F

`)ky #ba!-tcnb `!c`b Oa`c`& sbr,cdb at a`y 8!!cbl Oa` Ora`dj/ 8!!cbl Oa`

cs tjb k`!y oa` c` acsta` kggbrc`& 166E k`!c`b ora`dj `btwkr/ jbrb,br yku

&k arku`l tjb dku`try. yku da` addbss a`l lk tra`sadtck` tjrku&j ykur 8O oa`

addku`t grkn a`y 8!!cbl Oa` Ora`dj/

%bpksct (asj gkr c`sta`t drblct c`tk tjb addku`t

ctjlraw (asj tjrku&j djb$ub grkn a`y 8O Ora`dj

'ab Oa!a`db `$ucry a`l &bt 8ddku`t Ttatbnb`t grkn a`y 8!!cbl Oa`

Ora`dj/ ra`sgbr gu`ls grkn k`b 8O addku`t tk a`y ktjbr 8O addku`t

adrkss tjb dku`try/

'a=cnc>b tjb prkludtc,cty kg ykur ousc`bss kr gcà`dca! naà&bnb`t wctj

8!!cbl OaÌs !c b Oa`c`& gadc!ctcbs/ Ct cs a sbdurb. bggcdcb`t a`l

dk`,b cb`t way tk dk!!bdt ykur paynb`ts gastbr. kptcnc>b tjb tcnc`& kg

lcsoursbnb`t kg gu`ls/

*k nattbr wjbrb yku arb c` tjb dku`try a`l wjcdj ora`dj ykur addku`t cs

nac`tac`bl. yku da` ja,b ykur djb$ub b`dasjbl at a`y kg kur k,br 3;6

ora`djbs !kdatbl c` F26 dctcbs/ Sku da` a!sk usb tjb sbr,cdb tk lbpksct dasj

gkr c`sta`t drblct c`tk ykur addku`t kr a`y ktjbr addku`t c` 8!!cbl Oa` grkn

a`y ora`dj/ Tcnc!ar!y addku`t-tk-addku`t "u`ls ra`sgbr gadc!cty cs a!sk

a,ac!ao!b gkr c`sta`t rbnctta`db/

Skur djb$ub lraw` k` a rbnktb ora`dj gkr drblct c`tk ob`bgcdcaryIs addku`t

kr b`dasjnb`t up tk a spbdcgcbl anku`t da` a!sk ob prbsb`tbl at a`y ora`dj

oy a 4rlparty/ tjbr sbr,cdbs a,ac!ao!b tk addku`tjk!lbrs arb Oa!a`db `$ucry

a`l 8ddku`t Ttatbnb`t at rbnktb ora`djbs/

8!!cbl `!c`b prk,clbs a sbdurb. bggcdcb`t a`l dk`,b`cb`t gadc!cty gkr nac`&

paynb`ts tk ob`bgcdcary addku`ts grkn a`y kg kur ora`djbs dku`try-wclb/ Ct

da` ob usbl gkr dasj naà&bnb`t sbr,cdbs oy dkrpkratb dustknbrs rb$ucrc`&

gu`ls dk!!bdtck` kr lcsoursbnb`t gadc!cty/

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%boct darls arb cssubl wctj a oa` addku`t sk tjb nk`by spb`t kr wctjlraw`. cs

autknatcda!!y lbludtbl grkn tjb addku`t/ Ct cs a dk`,b`cb`t a!tbràtb tk dasj.

bspbdca!!y wjb` ct cs lcrbdt!y usbl gkr sjkppc`& at nbrdja`t !kdatck`s k` tjbcr

T 9kc`t kg Ta!b5 nadjc`bs/

ctj (rblct (arl. yku da` spb`l nkrb tja` yku ja,b. kr !b,bra&c`& tjb drblct

oa!a`db. yku da` rbsdjblu!b ykur paynb`ts as pbr ykur dk`,b`cb`db a`l typcda!!y

&bt obttbr rbwarls a`l obttbr c`sura`db prktbdtck`/ (rblct darls a!!kw spb`lc`&

wjc!b payc`& tjb nk`by oad !atbr/

ur dustknbrs usc`& lboct a`l drblct darls b`)ky tjb dk`,b`cb`db tjat tjbsb darls

orc`& c`. gkr cnprk,bl gcà`dca! naà&bnb`t/

Amm\cnb Oa`7c`,F

8!!cbl Oa` cs `kw c`trkludc`& tjb 8!!cbl (asj_ a!sk rbgbrrbl tk as 8' darl/

Sku wc!! `kw ja,b tjb dk`,b`cb`db kg wctjlrawc`& dasj grkn a`y kg kur nu!tcp!b

8' !kdatck`s dk`,b`cb`t!y !kdatbl c` na)kr dctcbs !cb Aaradjc a`l ajkrb at

a`y tcnb kg tjb lay kr `c&jt b,b` k` d!ksbl laysGjk!clays/ tjbr sbr,cdbs c`d!ulb

dustknbr obc`& ao!b tk c`$ucrb aokut tjb oa!a`db kg jcsGjbr addku`t kr prc`tc`& a`

aoorb,catbl 9nc`c5 statbnb`t sjkwc`& tjb nkst rbdb`t bc&jt tra`sadtck`s up tk tjb

prb,ckus wkrc`& lay/

Ammcb6 Oa`7 Nas"br 4ar6F

Skur da` `kw obdknb tjb jk!lbr kg a trub (rblct (arl jbrb c` acsta`/ 8!!cbl

Oa` u`lbr !cdb`sb grkn 'astbr (arl C`tbràtckà!. +/T/8/ wc!! cssub cts 'astbr

(arl tk a`yk`b nbbtc`& tjb b!c&coc!cty drctbrca/ ctj tjb 8!!cbl Oa` 'astbr (arl

yku wc!! ob assurbl kg a sbr,cdb nbbtc`& tjb jc&jbst c`tbràtckà! sta`larls

nac`tac`bl oy 'astbr (arl/

1/ jb 8!!cbl Oa` - 'astbr (arl jb!ps yku pay ykur way wctjkut tjb

dknp!cdatck`s kg dasj kr djb$ub/ Ct lkbs`Dt dkst yku a`ytjc`& cg yku pay c`

gu!! wctjc` tjb lub latb. out cg yku lbdclb tk sprbal yku paynb`ts k,br

sb,bra! nk`tjs a sbr,cdb djar&b Q F/26E pbr nk`tj wc!! ob djar&bl/ Skur

8!!cbl Oa` - 'astbr (arl cs sagbr tja` dasj a`l scnp!br tja` djb$ub/

F/ Sku ja,b tk ob a` addku`t jk!lbr wctj tjb 8!!cbl Oa` tk app!y gkr tjb 8!!cbl

Oa` - 'astbr (arl wjcdj wc!! ob a,ac!ao!b tk yku gkr a` c`ctca! gbb kg

#s/F666G- 9#s/266G- nbnobrsjcp gbb _ #s/1266G- a`ùa! gbb5/

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4/ `db yku kotac` ykur darl. yku scnp!y prbsb t ct at Tjkps. Tupbrnarbts.

?ktb!s. jarnadcbs. *ursc`& ?knbs. #bstaura`ts. btrk! unps a`l ju`lrbls

kg ktjbr bstao!csjnb`ts wjcdj lcsp!ay tjb ganc!car 'astbr (arl sc&`

;/ jrku&jkut acsta` a`l aorkal/ `db purdjasb cs nalb. yku sc&` a ,kudjbr

a`l tjatDs ct/

2/ ,bry nk`tj yku wc!! rbdbc,b a statbnb`t sjkwc`& lbtac!s kg tra`sadtck`s.

kutsta`lc`& a`l tjb nc`cnun anku`t lub/ jb statbnb`t wc!! a!sk &c,b tjb

!ast latb gkr paynb`t-sk yku da` a,kcl payc`& sbr,cdb djar&bs/

7/ Tbtt!b c` gu!! wctjc` 12 lays kg statbnb`t latb/

/ ay )ust tjb nc cnun paynb`t rb$ucrbl/

:/ *O/ Tbr,cdb (jar&bs arb da!du!atbl k` a lac!y oascs k` b=tb`lbl drblct 9nudj

!cb a` k,brlragt5 at F/26E pbr nk`tj/

3/ C` krlbr tk a,kcl lcsruptck` c` usb kg tjb darl. ct cs bssb`tca! tjat at !bast

nc`cnun payao!b anku`t kg tjb oc!! cs pacl rb&u!ar!y/ C` dasb tjb rb$ucrbl

paynb`t cs `kt rbdbc,bl tjb kpbratck` kg tjb 'astbr (arl cs autknatcda!!y.

suspb`lbl oy tjb systbn/ C` sudj dasb. tjb darl cs adtc,atbl agtbr rbdbcpt kg

k,brlub paynb`t k`!y/

'CTA 4_BLC\ 4A_LF

8!!cbl Oa` as part kg cts dknnctnb`t tk cnprk,c`& dustknbr sbr,cdb cs c` tjb

prkdbss kg !au`djc`& cts `bw 8!!cbl Bcsa (rblct (arl grkn 0u!y 1. F66:/

8ddkrlc`&!y. a!! b=cstc`& 8O 'astbr(arl drblct darls wc!! ob

o!kdblGcàdtc,atbl oy 0u`b 46. F66: prb,b`tc`& a`y guturb tra`sadtck`s k` tjksb

darls/ k asscst dustknbrs c` tjcs prkdbss. 8!!cbl Oa` wc!! ob dk`tadtc`& cts

dustknbrsGdarljk!lbrs lcrbdt!y a`l tjrku&j pbrskà! ,cscts grkn lu!y autjkrc>bl

rbprbsb`tatc,bs gkr tjb purpksbs kg kotac`c`& dk`sb t a`l ktjbr rb!atbl

lkdunb`tatck` c`d!ulc`& dkpcbs kg (*C(s/ 8`y oa!a`dbs rbnac`c`& k` tjb 8O

'astbr(arl wc!! agtbr dknp!ca`db wctj gkrna!ctcbs. ob tra`sgbrrbl tk tjb `bw

8!!cbl Bcsa (rblct (arl tk a,kcl a`y c`dk`,b`cb`db tk b=cstc`& dustknbrs/ !basb

lk `kt ja`l k,br a`y krc&cà! lkdunb`ts kr a`y (rblct (arl tk a`y kg kur

rbprbsb tatc,b/ 8!!cbl Oa` tja`s cts dustknbrs gkr tjbcr dkkpbratck` a`l

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apk!k&c>bs gkr a`y c`dk`,b`cb`db dausbl/ b wb!dknb kur dustknbrs tk tjb `bw

wkr!l kg 8!!cbl Bcsa (rblct (arls a`l rb!atbl ob`bgcts a`l prc,c!b&bs/

$!+ A\N @b"Dkr7

Ammcb6 Oa`7 A\N Mk1a"krF

8!!cbl Oa` cs `kw c`trkludc`& tjb 8!!cbl (asj_ (arla!sk rbgbrrbl tk as 8'

darl/ Sku wc!! `kw ja,b tjb dk`,b`cb`db kg wctjlrawc`& dasj grkn a`y kg kur

nu!tcp!b 8's 9J8!!-cnb Oa`c`&J !kdatck`s5 dk`,b`cb`t!y !kdatbl c` na)kr

dctcbs !cb Aaradjc a`l ajkrb at a`y tcnb kg tjb lay kr `c&jt b,b` k` d!ksbl

laysGjk!clays/ tjbr sbr,cdbs c`d!ulb dustknbr obc`& ao!b tk c`$ucrb aokut tjb

oa!a`db kg jcsGjbr addku`t kr prc`tc`& a` aoorb,catbl 9nc`c5 statbnb`t sjkwc`&

tjb nkst rbdb`t bc&jt tra`sadtck`s up tk tjb prb,ckus wkrc`& lay/

! Mc`7 @b"Dkr7F

C` dk`tc uatck` kg 8 C' O8*AC* sbr,cdbs. wctj tjb dku`try wclb

`btwkr kg 42 ora`djbs. wb arb p!basbl tk a``ku`db tjat 8O jas b`ja`dbl

8' sbr,cdbs oy )kc`c`& tjb J1-c` TwctdjJ wjcdj jas gk!!kwc`& nbnobrsOa`s

8O* 8nrk Oa`

8! Oaraa Cs!ancd Oa`

8!!cbl Oa` cnctbl

8sarc (knnbrdca! Oa` cnctbl

8t!as Oa` cnctbl

Oa` 8 ?aoco cnctbl

Oa` 8!ga!aj cnctbl

Oa`cs!anc acsta` cnctbl

(rbsdb`t (knnbrdca! Oa` cnctbl

%uoac Cs!ancd Oa` acsta` cnctbl

ncratbs !koa! Cs!ancd Oa` cntbl

"aysa! Oa` cnctbl

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"crst %awkkl Cs!ancd Oa` cnctbl

?aoco Oa` cnctbl

A8TO Oa` cnctbl

'bb>a` Oa` cnctbl

*atckà! Oa` kg acsta`

*CO Oa` cntcbl

C(C( (knnbrdca! Oa` cnctbl

Tk`brc Oa` cnctbl

Tta`larl (jartbrbl Oa` acsta` cnctbl

+`ck` Oa` cnctbl +`ctbl Oa` cnctbl

'yOa` cnctbl

anbbr 'cdrk "cà`db Oa` cnctbl

jb darl jk!lbrs kg kur oa` wc!! tjus ob ao!b tk addbss nbnobr oa`s

8's gkr oa!a`db c`$ucry a`l da` wctjlrawa! scnu!ta`bkus!y ,cdb ,brsa/ jb

darl jk!lbrDs nbnobr oa`s wc!! addbss kur oa` 8's/

,bry 8' wjcdj cs dk``bdtbl wctj J1-c` TwctdjJ jas a k&k wjcdj c`lcdatbs

tjat J1-c` TwctdjJ nbnobr da` addbss tjb 8'/

1C*A `btwkr jas &rkw` wctj a trbnb`lkus padb dja`&c`& tjb lyàncds kg

b!bdtrk`cd paynb`t c`lustry c` acsta`/

jb "k!!kwc`& arb gbw kg tjb jc&j!c&jtc`& gadts c!!ustratc`& tjb pbrgkrna`db kg

1C*A Twctdj tkwarls tjb lb,b!kpnb`t kg gcà`dca! narbt kg acsta`/

Ttrb`&tj kg F3 Oa`s. c`d!ulc`& a!! Cs!ancd Oa`s kg tjb dku`try/

acsta` ar&bst 8' Twctdj wctj F666_ 8's c` 176_ dctcbs àtck`wclb/

(arl oasb kg nbnobr oa` b=dbblc`& ;/4 'c!!ck`/

'k`tj!y #s/ 3 Oc!!ck` 9apprk=/5 8' wctjlrawa! tjrku&j 1C*A `btwkr/

C`tbr Oa` "u`ls ra`sgbr ank`& nkrb tja` 4.F66 ora`djbs kg partcdcpatc`&

CO" oa`s àtck`wclb/

'k`tj!y #s/ 44F 'c!!ck` 9apprk=/5 tra`sgbr kg gu`ls ank`& CO" oa`s/

'k`tj!y #s/6 'c!!ck` 9apprk=/5 ,k!unb kg BCT8 ra`sadtck`s/

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66/74

$?+ N@b" @b"Dkr7

jb 8!!cbl Oa` 8!!cbl (asj _ darl dku!l ob usbl c` a` '-*bt 8' as wb!!/ C`

acsta`. tjb '-*bt 8' gadc!ctcbs da` ob a,ac!bl at a`y kg tjb gk!!kwc`& oa`s

a`l !kdatck`s/

0T Oa` 98nbrcda` =prbss Oa`5

Oa` kg Ajyobr

Oa` kg u`)ao

(ctcoa`

"crst knb` Oa` cnctbl

?aoco 'btrkpk!cta` Oa`

?TO( Oa`

'us!cn (knnbrdca! Oa`

Taulc a (knnbrdca! Oa`

rcnb (knnbrdca! Oa`

$3+ Jbmpmc b

Tc`db tjb !au`djc`& kg 8!!cbl (asj _ %boct (arl k` 0a`uary FtjF664. 8!!cbl

Oa` bnoarbl k` tjb patj kg ,a!ub allbl dk`sunbr prkludts/ (ustknbr rb!atbl

sbr,cdbs wbrb obc`& prk,clbl tjrku&j kur 8'-c`& sctuatbl at (b`tra! ggcdb

Aaradjc/ 8s tjb `unobrs kg 8!!cbl (asj _ (arl c`drbasbl. sk lcl tjb sbr,cdbs

rb!atbl c`$ucrcbs. dknp!ac ts a`l rb$ubsts grkn kur dustknbr/ ?b`db. tk gadc!ctatb

a`l tk kggbr @ua!cty Tbr,cdb tk kur dustknbr. 8!!cbl Oa` lbdclbl tk prk,clb k!!

"rbb *unobr (ustknbr Tbr,cdbs tjrku&j 6:66-FF2FF/

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; 4JAV\B_ @K+ ;

A@AMS\C4AM A@AMSTCT

3


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$$+ T


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$>+


70/74

jby ja,b wclb arba `btwkr c` a!! k,br tjb acsta`. cg 8O da` nab ct

pkssco!b tjb gast lb!c,bry kg gu`l grkn aorkal tjrku&j k`!c`b oa`c`&. ct da`

dk,br tjb na)kr narbt kg acsta` wjcdj stc!! cs dapturc`& oy K?u`lcI/

$;+ \rba"s

Vkmc"c1am c`/mub`1b

"crst tjrbat cs tjat kg pk!ctcda! c`g!ub`db/ jrbb okarls kg lcrbdtkrs arb kg

&k,br`nb`t/ Tk. tjat tjby da` c`g!ub`db lbdcsck`s kg tjb 8O/

LkD`/amm k/ b1k`kn.

jb oc&&bst tjrbat c` tjb oa`c`& sbdtkr cs tjb dk`tc`ukus lkw`ga!! kg tjb dku`try

bdk`kny sc`db tjb !ast gbw ybars/ Cg tjcs lkw`ga!! rbnac`s gkr nkrb gbw ybars

tjb` ct nay ob tjb &rbat jc`lra`db c` adjcb,c`& tjb Oa`Is ko)bdtc,bs/

4knpb"c"kr a-b bD "b1`kmk,.

*bw rc,atbs Oa` dkpbl wctj bnbr&c`& `bw bdj`k!k&y kg C/

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0 4JAV\B_ @K+ 0

4K@4M&TCK@ H T&))BT\CK@T

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jb Oa` jas a !kt kg gcà`dc & sdjbnbs out tjbrb cs ,bry !ctt!b al,brtcsbnb`t

kg tjbsb sdjbnbs/ Tk Oa` sjku!l c`drbasb cts al,brtcsbnb`t/

jb` a`y k`b dknbs tk kpbratb tjb !kdbrs. tjb` tjb tjc`&s wjcdj jb bbps c`

!kdbr sjku!l ob djbdbl tjrku&j nbta! lbtbdtkr gkr sbdurcty purpksbs/ 8!! tjb Oa` Ora`djbs sjku!l ob &bttc`& k`!c`b tk prk,clb tjb $ua!cty a`l

spbbly sbr,cdbs tk tjb dustknbrs a`l a!sk rbnac` dknpbtctc,b c` tjb narbt/

'kst kg tjb oa` bnp!kybbs arb stcdc`& tk k`b sbat k`!y. wctj tjb rbsu!t tjat

tjby obdknb nastbr kg k`b partcdu!ar )ko a`l !kksb tjbcr &rcp k` ktjbr

oa`c`& kpbratck`s/ C` ny kpc`ck` a!! tjb bnp!kybbs sjku!l ja,b rb&u!ar )ko

b=pbrcb`db tjrku&j )ko rktatck`/ jb prknktck` pk!cdy sjku!l ob al)ustbl/

jb dcrd!b kg 8' nadjc`bs sjku!l b=tb`l c` a!! tjb na)kr dctcbs kg acsta`/

,bry ybar sknb kg tjb bnp!kybbs sjku!l ob sb`t gkr trac c`& tk ktjbr

dku`trcbs a`l bnp!kybbs grkn ktjbr ora`djbs sjku!l ob orku&jt jbrb/ 'krb

rbalc`& natbrca! sjku!l ob orku&jt G prk,clbl c` tjb rbgbrb`db #kkn. ct

sjku!l ob rb!b,a`t a`l cts purpksb sjku!l ob tk bludatb tjb bnp!kybbs wctj

tjb al,a`db stulcbs c` tjbcr gcb!l/ jb bnp!kybbs sjku!l ob prk,clbl tjb

kppkrtu`ctcbs tk attb`l a`l partcdcpatb c` sbncàrs a`l !bdturbs k` oa`c`&/

ctj tjb c`tbr`sjcp !bttbr sjku!l a!sk ob rb$ubstbl tk prk,clb us tjb gcà`dca!

rbpkrts/ Obdausb wjb` wb lbna`lbl tjb gcà`dca! rbpkrts tjby sacl tjat tjcs cs

dk`gclb`tca!/ 8`l tjby arb `kt a!!kwbl tk prk,clb tjbsb statbnb`ts tk a`y

trac`bb/

k drbatb rkya!ty c` dustknbrs 8O sjku!l start tjb gadc!cty kg k`!c`b oa`c`&

tjrku&j C`tbr`bt. sk tjat dustknbrs da` djbd tjbcr oa!a`dbs a`l nab

tra`sgbr kg gu`l k`!c`b/

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_BB_B@4BT

(knpa`y 8`ùa! #bpkrt/

uo!cdatck`s k` tjb C`tbr`bt/

8à!yscs kg "cà`dca! Ttatbnb`t oy (jar!bs/ / 0k`bs/

"cà`dca! 'aà&bnb`t oy KB8* ?#*I/

www/ao!/dkn/p

www/&kk&!b/dkn/p

'r/ "aruj 'a`>kkr 9Ora`dj 'aà&br5

'r/ 8ran #ak 9Ora`dj pbratck`s 'aà&br5

'r/ Hagar +!!aj 9Oa`c`& Tbr,cdbs kggcdbr5

internship report on allied bank limited (abl) 2014

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