Internship report

Kokab Jabeen1140727-0129/24/2012

Sr # Content

1. Introduction

o Personal Biography

o Session

o Taught courses

o Motivation/Reason for Internship

2. Host Organization/ Institute

Introduction

Ongoing programs

Specialties

Working mechanism

Goals/ Target

Salient Achievements

3. Focal Person/Immediate Boss/Senior

Name

Behavior towards Internee

Level of Cooperation during work

Guidance to complete tasks

Table of content

4. Field Work

Name of the Assignment

Introduction

Objectives

Targets

Working Mechanism

Working hours

Visited vicinities/ Locations

Detailed Interventions

Obstacles

Rectifications

Communication with host Department

Salient Learning

Conclusion

5. Office work/Institution Based Work

Introduction

Name of the Assignment

Nature of office work

Objectives

Working Mechanism

Working Hours

Obstacles

Rectifications

Communication with seniors

Salient learning

Conclusion

6. Relationship of internship with Taught Courses

7. Individual benefit gained from Internship

8. Host organization/ Institute gained benefit from internship

9. Lesson learned from internship

10. Conclusion from internship

Email:kokabjabeen@ymail.com

PERSONAL PARTICULARS

Father’s Name : Muhammad Tariq

Date Of Birth : 28-03-1990

Marital Status : Single

Domicile : Gujrat (PUNJAB)

Health : Excellent

Nationality : Pakistan

Academic qualification

Year Class Subjects Board

ongoing M.A Population science UOG

2010 B.com Business PU

2008 F.A Arts BISE GRW

2005 Matriculation Science BISE GRW

Pure and applied mathematics

Statistics

Computer Applied

Web surfing.

Microsoft office.

English

Urdu

Punjabi

Playing games.

Book reading.

To work for the challenging position in an organization order to build professional

creditability through efficient performance for the long career development and growth.

Relevant Courses

Computer

Skills:

Good at Languages:

Interests:

Objective:

Able to work under pressure and meet deadlines.

Familiar how to work with team

Good leadership capability

Creative

Can play a meaningful role in the development programs.

Reference will be provide if required

Interpersonal Skills:

Semester I

Introduction to Population

Sciences

Social StatisticsI

Introduction to Computer

Application

Planning & Management

Introduction to techniques of

Population Program

Population & Development

Gender & Reproductive Health

Population & social Statistics ll

Introduction to social sciences

social and research method l

Taught Courses

2nd

Semester

My career interests:

I want to become a best population scientist under the supervision of my

respectable teachers.

Reason for internship:

My reason for internship is just to get a basic training for my practical life that I

can do best for my nation in future and major reason of internship is to get knowledge

and for learning.

Host organization

Introduction:

Sialkot Urban Resource Center working in Sialkot with the coordination of the

Pakistan Urban Observatory UN Habitat.

Ongoing Projects

1. Community based solid based managements program.

Funded by UN Habitat.

Technically assist by Akhtar Hammed Memorial Trust.

Supported by Urban Resource Center.

Govt. by Community Development Concerns (CDC).

2. Socio-economic survey.

3. Water Aid Program.

4. Tornado effected area rehabitation.

Specialties’:

Urban Affairs

Working Mechanism:

The main purpose of SURC is to create interaction among peoples, politicians,

and community in a positive sense in order to mobilization of all these for the establishment of a

progressive and peaceful society.

In this ways they highlight any social problem on the demand of society and include students of

civil society and other volunteer organization for the collection of data and compile these data

and find the final results that are beneficial for the society and individuals

Goals:

To create harmony among society.

To create equal opportunity for everyone.

To build up skills of individuals.

To make policies which are beneficiary for the society?

Achievement:

Solid waste management.

Water Aid Programs

Socio-economic survey

Focal Person/senior

Name:

Mr.Moeen Qadir.

Behavior toward internee:

Focal person’s behavior towards internee was very appreciative and kind.

All time, he encourages for work properly and in time.

Level of cooperation:

During work level of cooperation of focal person was well. He guides all the

time properly from all aspects of work that may be field work or office work. I

feel comfortable to work with them.

Guidance to complete Tasks:

It is pleasure to thank my focal person Mr. MOEEN QADIR whose

encouragement, supervision and great support from beginning to concluding level

enables me to bring this work to completion.

Field Work

Name of the Assignment:

Community Based Solid Waste Management.

Community Based Solid Waste Management

Introduction:

This topic is assigned by the Sialkot Urban Resource Center. The main purpose of this program

is to clean the society and make the society sustainable. Before talking about the solid waste

management firstly question raise in mind what is solid waste?

Definition of Wastes

“Substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be

disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of the law”

Disposal means

“Any operation which may lead to resource recovery, recycling, reclamation,

direct re-use or alternative uses is termed as disposal of anything”

Kinds of Wastes:

1. Solid wastes

2. Liquid waste

Now I explain the above types of wastes.

Solid wastes:

Waste in solid form is called as solid waste.

Examples: plastics, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash

3. Liquid Wastes:

Wastes in liquid form are termed as liquid waste.

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing

industries and other sources.

Solid Waste:

Definition:

“All wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and that are

discarded as useless or unwanted.” Solid waste is a byproduct and discarded material of different

activities at household, offices, colleges, schools, universities, hospitals, hotels, shops and other

such institutions.

Composition of solid waste:

Paper, packing material, metals, glass, electronic wastes, and

plastic and polythene bags are the major contributors of municipal solid waste.

Solid waste is unavoidable by product of human activity. Economic development and a rising

living standards in the ASIAN and specific region have led to increases in the quantity and

complexity of generated waste. Industrial devastation and the provision of expanded health care

facilities have added substantial quantities of industrial hazardous waste and biomedical waste

into the waste stream with potentially sever environmental and human health consequences.

Type of solid waste:

Solid waste can be classified in to different types depending upon their resources.

1. Municipal solid waste (MSW)

2. Industrial waste.

3. Agricultural waste.

4. Hazardous waste.

Municipal solid waste:

MSW is generated from household, offices, hospital, shops,

schools, and other institutions. The major components are food waste, plastic,

rags, metal and glass, although domination and construction debris also included

collection waste.

Industrial Waste:

Typically this range would included paper, packing materials, waste from food

processing, oils, solvents, reins, paints and sledges, glass, ceramics, stones,

metals, plastics, rubber, leather, wood, cloth, straw etc.

Agriculture Waste:

Expanding agricultural production has naturally resulted in increase quantities of

livestock waste, agricultural crop residues and agro industrial by-product.

Hazardous Waste:

It including the lack of qualified personnel to undertake the necessary assessment,

the reluctance of industries to provide process information (including waste

arising data) and a poor appreciation of the extent to which generated waste is

hazardous.

Hospital Wastes:

Hospital waste is generated during the diagnosis, or immunization of human

beings to animals or in research activities in these fields or in the production or

testing of biological. It may include waste like solid waste, disposal, anatomical

waste, cultures, discarded medicines, chemical wastes, etc. These are in the form

of disposable syringes, swabs, bandages, body fluids, human excreta, etc. This

waste is highly infectious and can be a serious threat to human health if not

managed in a specific and discriminate manner. It has been roughly estimated that

of the 4kg of waste generated in a hospital at least 1 kg would be infected.

Solid Waste Management

Definition:

“Interrelated system of appropriate technologies and mechanisms involves in the

generation, collection, storage and processing, transfer and transport and dispoal

of solid waste at the lowest possible cost and risk to the health of the people and

their environment.” Waste management is the collection, transport, processing,

recycling, or disposal and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually related

to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce

their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics.

Solid Waste Management in Pakistan:

Unfortunately, none of the cities in Pakistan has a proper solid waste management

system right from collection of solid waste up to its proper disposal. Much of the

uncollected waste poses serious risk to public health through clogging of drains,

formation of stagnant ponds and providing breeding ground for mosquitoes and

flies with consequent risk of malaria and cholera. In addition, because of lack of

adequate disposal sites, much of the collected waste finds its way in dumping

grounds, open pits, ponds, rives, and agricultural land. Solid waste collection,

transfer and disposal have become a major problem in cities of Pakistan. Pakistan

suffers losses to the tune of Rs. 343.7 billion each year due to the economic

impact of the inadequate sanitation, resulting in 4% loss to the country’s GDP.

Over half if Pakistan’s population, 91 million people lack access to adequate

sanitation facilities, out of 25 billion people globally. 1.1 billion people who still

defecate in the open 40 million live in Pakistan the third highest number in the

world. These reports also suggest that hygiene related interventions can mitigate

52% of the economic impact. Majority of the economic cost related to inadequate

sanitation were health and 71% of the health related costs were due to

productivity lost because of diarrhea. The urban centers of Pakistan are

developing rapidly, which are putting the environment under stress. In Pakistan

about 80% of the solid waste is openly dumped along the road side, agriculture

land, in drains causing blockages in sewage system and In streams as only

51-69% waste is collected by the inadequate waste collection system presently.

This waste collection costs represent 80-90% of the municipal solid waste

management budget.

Due to lack of financial, human and technical resources, municipalities are not

able to provide basic services to entire city. Especially the low income areas are

deprived of the basic facilities. Open sewerage lines pose a serious health hazard.

Sialkot Urban Resource Center is one of the few organizations working on

sanitation at grass root level through community contribution.

Sialkot Urban Resource Center:

Before discussing about SURC. I want to tell you about the Sialkot. Sialkot is

situated 125 km away from Lahore in North West direction. Sialkot was well

organized and clean city in past many decades. Sialkot is famous city of Pakistan

and all over the world for its own leather garments, surgical instrument and sports

good production and export. During last three decades it make tremendous

progress in development of small and medium industry, which created income

generating activities and job opportunity that improve the living standard of focal

people. This situation is favorable for Urbanization. This higher population

growth rate and higher rate of immigrants put the existing municipal system under

stress and worsen day by day.

According to official of Tehsil Muncipal Administartion (TMA), there are about

1600 sanitary workers in Sialkot city during 1990 but now this number is reduced

to700 people, creating a big gap b/w disposal and solid waste generation. It is

factual situation that working force and resource of TMA are not enough to fulfill

the requirements for the solid waste disposal and sewerage system. TMA is fully

functional and operative in some relict areas often deprived from this service. The

peripheral part of the city not only face the improper solid waste management but

also countenance the open dumping site of solid waste along the school, roads and

railway tract.

There is a big gap b/w the solid waste generation and disposal capacity of TMA.

That’s why people throw solid waste on nearest place. A lot of hump of solid

waste can be observed in the peripheral and poor populated areas.

During heavy rain fall openly dumped solid waste on the roads is flushed away in

sewerage system, which not only blocks the drain but makes the roads the

stagnant pools of sewerage water.

Sialkot’s solid waste management (SWM) system is in a state of disarray. Out of

the 125,000 tons per year of municipal solid waste generated, 25% enters in

municipal waste system and remaining 75% of the population without waste

collection.

All municipal waste is either burned, dumped or buried illicitly on vacant land

throughout the city, causing significant environmental damage and threatening

human health, sanitation and pollution problems. Sialkot’s municipal waste

generation is designed to accelerate to 300,000 tons per year by 2030, resulting in

an estimated total of 4.3 million tons of municipal waste being generated during

2010-2030

Sialkot solid waste %age of wastes

Food and organic wastes 40%

Plastic and Paper 13%

Glass 08%

Leather, metal and wood 3-4%

Electronic wastes 02%

75% population without waste collection

25%enters MWS

Other wastes 14%

Survey indicate there is little variation in the composition of waste from Sialkot’s high, medium

and low income residential communities; variation are generally less than 2% for given waste

component.

Composition of municipal wastes from commercial and institutional establishment is more

difficult to estimate, sample indicate that they are so also high.

Municipal wastes from commercial and institutional %age

Food wastes 40%

Paper and cardboard 16%

Plastic 13%

Smaller fraction of wood 04%

Glass 03%

Metal 02%

Leather 01%

Existing Municipal System:

The responsibility for Sialkot’s municipal SWM collection, transfer, treatment and disposal rests

with infrastructure and deppt. Of the Sialkot TMA. Currently the solid waste management unit of

I & S department has a staff of about 1,156 employees, of whom about 470 are full time regular

employees, the balance being hired on a daily, as-needed basis.Tehsil officer I&S and Chief

Office HQ are in charge of overall sanitation services. A Chief Sanitary Inspector, with the help

of sanitary inspector, with the help of sanitary inspectors, and sanitary supervisors implement the

overall SWM operations.

The balance of staff includes machine drivers; with the balance being unskilled and semi-skilled

waste collectors, road sweepers and laborers.

Municipal waste collection method:

The department’s existing therefore is limited to supporting its large manual labour pool, and

operating a few basic piece of equipment. It operates only 28 rudimentary trailer vehicles for its

waste collection which traverse parts of the city to pick up waste piled daily at 146 designated

collection points. As there is no properly designed disposal site, these waste are dumped in open

areas and waste ground on the outskirts of the city. Currently, the SWM Department only

collects about 25% of Sialkot’s municipal waste. The balance, which is a startling three quarters

of the city’s waste is therefore being dumped, burned or buried illicitly by private individuals and

haulers throughout Sialkot.

25%

75%

disposal25% 75%

Solid waste management establishment

Chief sanitary inspector

Sanitary inspector Sanitary supervisors Tractor drivers Mashki cum

sanitary worker

Burning Wastes at a Sialkot Dumpsite:

All the municipal waste, whether being collected by the SWM Department,self disoposed, or

picked up by private waste workers, ends up filling old depressions, river banks, drainage

channels, flood plains, vacant lots or other such areas throughout Sialkot urbanized area. Many

of the dumping grounds utilized are not that noticeable to most people, due to their small size,

and hidden and dissipated locations. The damage that they cause to the environment and to

nearby communities however is serious. A Sialkot dumping site, which in this case includes

waste which has been set on fire, releasing harmful contaminations into the atmosphere.

Sialkot Waste Incinerator:

Sialkot currently lacks any industrial solid waste collection, treatment and disposal systems.

Virtually all industrial solid wastes are being commingled with general municipal waste and

dumped in the same manner throughout the city’s outer lying areas. Sialkot has over 5,000

business registered with the Sialkot Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI), and many of

them generate significant quantities of industrial waste. The SCCI and many of its members are

keen to address their industrial waste issues.

Regarding medical waste management (MWM), the Sialkot TMA has installed a medical waste

incinerator at one of the Govt. hospital, the Allama Iqbal Hospital. The incinerator is supposed to

accept the medical waste of all of Sialkot’s Government and private medical facilities for thermal

destruction. Site inspection however revealed that the incinerator was not functioning, and

according to local reports, had not functioned for some time.

Objectives:

1. To investigate the major problem of solid waste management with the help of my focal

person

2. To investigate how the Sialkot Urban Resource Center utilize the solid waste material.

3. To evaluate the minimization of environmental impact and measure the pollution.

4. Effectively link domestic waste disposal with private sector recycling operations at fair

price.

5. Access the composition and characteristics of municipal waste in Sialkot.

Method:

Quantitative research design is used in this context.

Research design:

Descriptive study design is used in this research project.

Research method:

Survey research method is used.

Tool for data collection:

A well designed and authenticated questionnaire is used as

tool for data collection.

Target population:

125 households from the rural area of Sialkot selected as target

population.

Sampling frame:

All households of Muslim colony were included in sampling frame.

Sampling technique:

Simple random sampling is used.

Sample:

Sample is consisted upon 125 households.

Pretesting:

Pretesting is also used to test the validity of questionnaire.

Interviewing media:

As the questionnaire was in English but it was translated into Urdu

and Punjabi for convince of interviewer

General Findings:

Problems:

Tehsil municipal administration (TMA) solid waste management is poorly

resourced

TMA is unable to meet its responsibilities.

It is basically understaffed so collect only 25% of municipal solid waste.

All municipal waste is dumped off in vacant places, plots, along the road sides,

drainage channels, river banks and other open areas of city.

There is no industrial waste management in Sialkot.

Medical waste management in Sialkot is working any how a little bit.

Valuable recycled material is thrown away just because of lack of coordination

and knowledge.

Public awareness about solid waste management is low.

The primary segregation of recycled material in Sialkot is largely undeveloped.

In short current practices cannot meet even basic level of solid waste

management.

Solution:

To make aware the people about the disadvantages of improper solid waste

disposal.

Recycle the material in useful way to consume that material in meaningful form.

Solid waste management program established to facilitate the public.

Switch to reusable transport containers.

more efficient collection

construction of storage bins where recyclable and reusable materials are stored by

each household

construction of storage centers where recyclable and reusable materials collected

by the street sweepers are stored prior to selling to junk dealers

maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets

greening of their respective areas

Encouraging others to join.

Targets:

1. Primary collection of 500 Households.

2. Strengthen Municipal capacity.

3. Awareness about the solid waste collection.

4. Reduce health costs of beneficiary household.

5. Reduce drain blockages and clean up vacant plots.

6. Celebrate the weak in remember of clean, from 1st Sep to 6th Sep

7. Collection of household’s wastes and their disposal into Municipal bins. Also

Municipal sweepers will clean drains weekly or fortnightly.

8. Collection of waste from bins to final disposal site daily by the Municipality.

Working Mechanism:

1. The working mechanisms of field work are door to door interview.

2. We work in field from 9: am to 5: pm.

3. We work in community, and interact with people, politician, and community in

positive sense.

4. During that time we highlight the issue and after that we collect the data through

door to door interview after collecting data we compile that data and find the

result, what is beneficial for society.

5. I followed some rules during field work given to me by my host organization

6. I do not permit to eat during fieldwork.

7. I do not permit to take anything from interviewer

8. I do not permit to drink even water from the field area.

9. Working mechanism is just as that I have done numeration of this program and

marking of the households as for the remembrance that data has been collected

from this household.

10. During numeration there I was not allowed to enter in the households to get the

data.

11. For data collection from households it was necessary to display my UOG ID card.

12. During working in field it was mechanism to work with sincerity and in serious

mood.

Working Hours:

We work in field 8 hours daily, 9: am -5: pm. So working hours were 6 hours because from 2-3

PM was lunch break.

Visited Vicinities/ Locations:

We visited Muslim colony Sialkot in which 625 household overall visited. Out of 625

household 125 households per person visited.

Obstacles:

There are some obstacles comes during field work

During field work I face the bitter behavior of the people.

Some people do not co-operate with me to give their information.

Some people even use rubbish language with me.

Sometimes the weather becomes very unsuitable to work in field properly.

Sometimes the behavior of people was so rude that they even close their doors just

to see that someone standing outside to take their some information.

Interviewer behavior is very big problem in collecting data during field work.

I travel more than 5 hours daily to reach my numeration place i.e. from Lalamusa to

Sialkot.

During this traveling I also suffered lot of problems in which not only behavior of

people include as well as my physical tiredness also contributed.

Rectifications:

Through awareness and education it can be rectify

I do not lose my temper during the fieldwork despite the harsh words of people.

At that time I do not care about the rude behavior of people with me, Because I was over

there just to get the training and during training lot of problems a person must faced. I

also faced but I remained determined on my passion of work.

The problem of weather does not affect me as such because may that is not suitable to

work in field but anyhow the weather was pleasant.

I never feel tiredness at all to avoid from work but I motivate myself from daily traveling

that it is the real training which will be beneficial for me in my practical life.

Communication with Host Department:

Communication with host department are well, the focal person fully communicate and guide to

us. And guide us appropriately in those two hours. And after field work we go to the office and

submit the daily report. So over all communication was very strong and that organization

members not show any discrimination between us. And not behave us like the internee but we

feel comfortable and full satisfaction by working in that organization.

Salient Learning:

There is some salient learning that is followings

I learn there during fieldwork that first of all how to deal with the different

people.

How to communicate in field

How to make Map?

How to mark household number?

How to marking household numbering into Map?

Field work enhances the confidence level of mine.

I travel more than 5 hours a day during fieldwork to reach my place of numeration

during that timing I also learned lot of things.

Conclusion:

There is limited focus on control mechanism which is affecting safety, health and

environment. Solid waste management is not the priority for some people but

some warmly welcomed this project initiative. Open burning and open disposal is

a common practice. So open burning of plastic waste increasing the air pollution

and depleting the ozone layer. But our host organization work on this program can

improve the efficiency of the solid waste management. House to house collection

is made available. And this project has taken its first initiative. In short by

working on this project along with Sialkot Urban Resource Center we not only

learn much more knowledge for practical life but also see the situation of people

very closely and feel their feelings from heart.

Office work

Name of assignment:

After collecting data reedit

Enter the data into excel

Interpret the data into meaningful form for final presentation.

Introduction:

As the assignment name is indicating that what of work which I have to done.

Edit the data to remove all kind of possible mistakes and to make it ready for the final

presentation. Reconstruct it in meaningful form. So that when this data presented as final work

so that hard working done on this project should be seemed.

Nature of the office work:

The nature of office is that all work would be done on the computer. Microsoft Office is used for

this purpose. As this project assigned to us by our host organization so our main work is just up

till data base entry. SPSS working never done by us as the program was not as own it was

recommended by our host organization.

Objectives:

To keep complete command on office work.

To get basic training for professional life.

To learn the basic skills of computer.

Working mechanism:

Working mechanism of office work is to just edit the data on papers

and then enter this data to make a record in computer. To enter the data in micro soft excel and

then just sum up the some necessary columns and find average of some data to make the results

clear and easy to find.

Working hours:

We work in office approximately 8 hours (9: am to 5: pm)

Obstacles:

There are no as much obstacles comes during office work. Because I have

already some basic skills of computer. So there was no difficulty which I

faced during office work. During office work was the load shedding problem.

Communication with seniors:

During office work my communication with my seniors

was continuous, as my Coordinator Mr. Moeen Qadir guides me all the time properly that how to

work in office.

Salient learning:

I already have basic skills of computer but I command on the Microsoft

office by working on Microsoft excels. Because I never work on excel before this office work.

So it improves my skills on computer not little bit but largely

Conclusion:

Office work is necessary to make the final conclusion about the data collected from

the households. So this basic office work helps out the organization to draw their conclusion

easily.

Relationship of internship with Taught Courses:

Internship has strongly related with taught courses except

major ones. The relationship with that of taught courses is as following.

Social statistics l:

In this course we have studied the basic statistics techniques.

In this course we have studied about normal distribution.

Social statistics II:

In this subject I also have learned about the statistical tests which are most

important part of the internship to find out final results

In this subject we have learned about the types of sampling

In which we are being taught which the basic key to start the research project

is.

Social research method I:

In this subject we read about the social research methods and techniques,

different paradigms and basic tools to do better outcomes of research.

This course also helps a lot during internship.

Introduction to social sciences:

In this course I have studied about the behavior of the people.

introduction to social sci

social statistics l

social statistics llintroduction to computer

application

social research method l

What kind of gestures they show in different conditions and how we can

identify such kind of behavior.

Introduction to Computer Application:

In this course I taught about the basic computer skills, windows,

installation and MS office.

Individual Benefit Gained from Internship:

The following benefit I have gained from the internship program as individual:

It strengthens my computer skills.

I have a little grip on my talking style.

It helps me to increase my confidential level.

Due to it I come to know that how people different in different situations.

It also helps me out that how to faced the difficulties in life bravely.

Host organization gained from Internship:

They take a step towards completing the

project on which they are working day and night. So my internship over there helps them a little

bit to complete their project. So my internship over there helps them a little bit to complete

their project

Lesson learned from Internship:

I have learned the following lesson from the internship;

This program improves my skills for a better future.

I am also able to discover my hidden skills as well as faults due to internship

In short it enhances the confidence level of mine.

Conclusion of Internship:

Over all conclusion of my internship is as follows.

When I start first day I did not think that I was going to be able all such difficult

task in the field for six hours a day and six days a week. Once I realized that what

I have to do I organized my day and work so that I was not wasting my time but

in every new moment I was learning something better.

In review this internship has been an excellent and rewarding experience. I have

been able to meet with so many people that will be able to help me with

opportunities in the future.

I have learned from this internship is time management skills.

I have learned from internship to self motivation.

I enjoy this line of work. This was an excellent experience and I hope that other

interns got as much out of it as I did!

In conclusion, my internship at Sialkot Urban Resource Center was an

outstanding experience. I got a deep and inspiring insight in the office as well as

in field work.