TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006

Internet and Mobile Networks

It’s about the people and a little bit about the technologies

Timo Ali-Vehmastimo.ali-vehmas@Nokia.com

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 20062

Flow

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 20063

What is Really New ?

There have been only very few major discontinuities in the history of information processing and distribution

1. Genetic information process 2000 000 000 ..4000 000 000 years ago2. Non Voice process 500 000 000…1000 000 000 years ago3. Voice based process 300 000 000 years ago4. Speech based process 1 000 000 years ago5. Process based on Writing 10 000 years ago6. Process based on Printing 500 years ago7. Process based on p2p TeleCommunications 150 years ago8. Process based on MassCommunications 100 years ago9. Process based on Unlimited Connectivity less than 10 years ago

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 20064

Observations….

Social interactions of the people are the driving the use of information processing and communications

For the first time in the history, we have a platform, which can extend the face to face social interactions over the globe, in practice uncompromised, Supporting the power law distribution of links between people.

Separation of technology (connectivity) and social interaction (functional)

Mobility is one of the main elements of post-modern society

10

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 20065

Long Waves of History

Centralized and Distributed Double Helix

Ref. Mark GaynorJarkko Vesa

Local TelephoneCompaniesA Bell

National PTTsAT&T

PBXAT&TNortel

CentrexNortelSiemens

InternetVoiP, SkypeIP PBX, Cisco, Lucent, Siemens,NEC...

Google TalkMobile VoIP

Standardize

Differentiate

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 20066

What is What ?

Innovation and Differentiation Utility, Value

Applications Value Social networks Reed

Interconnection More the same Business networks Metcalfe

System model Centralized, on System

component level, System design of devices

Performance and cost Utilization of standard

components

Standardization Value Capture, Cost

Applications Social Compatibility Application, Technology Service

Diffusion Dominant design

Interconnection Inter business system

compatibility Global compatibility of services

System model Centralized on system level Intra System Compatibility Multi vendor Performance cost

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 20067

How to define a System ?

System (= Dependencies)

Input/Processing/Output SISO model

Complex System MIMO Pan-Causality

Perception is Reality Clock Cycle based System

identification

Standardization, a system between regulation and commercial operations

RefHeikki HyötyniemiKybernetiikan Alkeet

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 20068

Some Characteristics of the Internet and Mobile Systems

Internet Applications

End to End between peers Individual innovation

Interconnection Common protocol set Peering, Volume based

System model Flat horizontal “dumb” network Low value, Low cost Simple but efficient transport Mainly best effort (Good enough)

Regulative requirements Low

Standardization Strong de Facto models (IETF,

W3C, IEEE,..) Approved directly or indirectly later

by some SDO’s (ANSI, ITU.....) Applications and Protocols stand-

alone or as part of products and components

Mobile networks Applications

Centralized (Core Network) control Centralized standardized innovation

Interconnection Dedicated interconnection protocols Clearing house, Value based

System model Vertical, application sensitive network High value of guaranteed service High complexity and cost Guaranteed level of Service

Regulative requirements Quite strong

Standardization National and regional SDO’s (ETSI,

ANSI, ARIB, ETRI, ITU) delegating power to

International projects, (3GPP, 3GPP2, OMA,..)

Interworking Systems, Systems and Compatible products and services

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 20069

Focus on Mobile Standardization

Applications based exiting non-mobile applications Mobile specific applications technologies

WAP Forum, Wireless Village, Liberty Alliance,.. OMA consolidating and further developing application related technologies for Mobile domain

Device Management, Browsing, Push Over Cellular, Location... Mobile operators’ proprietary Innovation

I-Mode, Vodafone Live,...

Interconnection standardization has a long history ITU recommendations, SS7, E164,... Mobile system specific Interconnection based on the experience of GSM MAP/CAMEL 3GPP and 3GPP2 maintain and develop further mobile domain specific protocols

System modules, Vertically optimized Radio and Network technologies for 100% Compatibility 3GPP

Core network evolution, Circuit core, GPRS, IMS GSM, GERAN (EDGE) evolution, almost completed WCDMA, UTRAN evolution, gaining strength, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ OFDMA Packet only technology emerging, LTE

3GPP2 Core network evolution, Circuit core, PDSN/PDGN, IMS CDMA2000 evolution based on the narrow band CDMA (originally IS-95) CDMA2000 DO packet optimized radio CDMA2000 Long term evolution just emerging

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 200610

Focus on Internet Standardization

Applications based on open technologies but a lot of proprietary extensions Basic application technologies

W3C, Web 2.0, XML, HTML, IETF, POP, IMAP,

Utilized by Individual innovation, Proprietary specifications Skype, Microsoft, Cisco, ...

Open source implementation challenge IBM, RedHat, MontaVista, ...Mozilla, Apache,...

Interconnection based on the open IETF protocols with semi-open extension TCP/IP is the corner stone

IPv4 and IPv6, Mobile IP Tunneling, Low Intelligence in the Network

Routing, MPLS Security

System modules, Transparent Radio technologies from IEEE with semi-open extensions IEEE802 Industry Forums

.11 WLAN, WiFi .15 UWB .16 WiMax .21 Interworking

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 200611

Stories of technology leveraging, IMS

IMS, Internet Multimedia Subsystem 3GPP initiative to allow significant net services to evolve in the mobile

operators’ networks Collaboration of IETF and 3GPP (Technology leveraging of SIP

technologies) Transport and Access independent service system

Interworking with the legacy Control functions of all the IMS services

VoIP.. CoIP Online services, Games Group services, Chat, presence

Access independence WCDMA CDMA2000 WLAN WIMAX DSL

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 200612

IMS Adoption status

IMS idea is adopted broadly IMS has many names

IMS business is now emerging IMS maintains the mobile operators’ value chain model

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 200613

Stories of technology leveraging, UMA

Unlicensed Mobile Access Initiative in 3GPP to support Mobile operators’ customers where the

cellular network is not competitive Collaboration of 3GPP and IEEE

Tunneling though WLAN and BT access Improved coverage Service continuation Cost savings for the operator !

Cost savings for the end user ? Single terminal

Application portability Terminal services Operator services

UMA Follows and Mobile operators’ value system model

Access to Internet ?

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 200614

Stories of technology leveraging, Skype

Skype to work in the 3G networks of 3 and ePlus Standard 3G GPRS Packet bearer Flat rate charging model ?

Community Compatibility Transparent 3G network

Skype on Mobile networks follow the Internet model

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 200615

Convergence start with Technology

Technology itself is neutral Competition based on the laws of physics Competition based on the regulative acceptance (spectrum..) Competition based on the adoption by standardization bodies Competition based on the adoption by value systems Competition based on the adoption of operators within value systems Competition based on the adoption of the end users

Competition based on the inter-working Competition based on the price ( cost ) of the primary service Competition based on the innovation and re-use

Good Ideas and Technologies will be re-used

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

Ref Rogers

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 200616

Consolidating, Converging, Diverging

Technology is neutral Technologies may be developed further forever

Value systems converge and merge and emerge, based on the factors that are much broader and deeper than just technologies

Regulation should be neutral for between value systems Between value systems there is little need for compatibility anyway

Regulation should not be neutral inside each value system Harmonization of technologies for each purpose is needed Competition between technologies in the same value system does not

provide added value for the end user but increases costs of the vendors and operators

Competition between operators and technologies (vendors) may increase innovation

Standardization is value system sensitive Driven by people Driven by companies Driven by value system players

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 200617

Richness of the End User Experience

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 200618

Success of Innovation – Failure of Standardization or Regulation ?

Radio Convergence First it was only GSM 900 Then it became GSM900/1800 and later 1900 IMT2000 family was launched but it included

UMTS (WCDMA, GERAN, TDSCDMA), UWC136, DECT, CDMA2000,.. All evolution ITU Stamp

Internet radio’s WLAN WIMAX .20

Cable replacement Bluetooth UWB

Broadcast DVBH MBMS Media FLO

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 200619

Some Observations

Traditional Internet and Mobile service will be available through many Value Systems, isolated “pipes”

Each value system includes internal and external competitive elements

Compatibility is crucial within each value system Value systems gain and loose when merging together Do not look at the symptoms only, Look at the deep structures

Value is created by Innovation but innovation leads to fragmentation Value can be made better usable, utility is increased, by

standardization

Harmonized solutions (technologies) add value only when directly visible to the end users

Unharmonized solutions (technologies) reduce value when applied within one value system

Unharmonized solutions (technologies) are natural in different value systems due to different regulative and end user requirements

Introduction

Intuition

Case1 Case2

Example1 Example2

Observations

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 200620

"Whoever in debate quotes authority uses not intellect, but memory." (Leonardo Da Vinci)

TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 200621

References

Nadvi/Wältring http://inef.uni-due.de/page/documents/report58.pdf

Kauffman et al http://misrc.umn.edu/workshops/2003/fall/Angsana_102403.pdf

Park http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2004/295/SIM_tprc.pdf

Allen http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abs_free.jsp?arNumber=968564

Vesa http://www.irma-international.org/irmpress/details.asp?id=4583

Gaynor http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0471214752/qid=1042595511/sr=8-1/ref=sr_8_1/104-114675

0-5826346?n=507846&s=books&v=glance

Hyötyniemi http://www.control.hut.fi/Kurssit/AS-74.4192/

Rogers http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0029266718/102-1430326-1391347?v=glance&n=283155