www.intertek.com 1

International Small

Wind Certification

March 28, 2012

Troy Hewitt

Global Wind Energy Business Leader

Intertek

www.intertek.com 2

Intertek

• Provider of Quality and Safety

Services throughout our

worldwide network

• FTSE 100 company in the

Support Services sector

• Market capitalization at £3.3

billion

• Revenue generation of over

£1.3bn in 2010

100 More than

countries

1,000 More than

laboratories

and offices

30,000 people

www.intertek.com 3

What Does Certification Cover?

Types of Requirements

• Mechanical design

• Performance

• Durability

• Safety and control functions

• Electrical safety (fire, shock, energy)

• Mechanical safety (moving parts, sharp edges, etc.)

AWEA, BWEA,

Type Certification

NEC, CEC, EU Directives

and product standards

www.intertek.com 4

AWEA 9.1 / BWEA / IEC 61400 Series

• IEC 61400 series are the base standards

• AWEA and BWEA refer to the IEC standard and modify or change the

requirements

• Requirements are similar, so certification to all three is possible

• Tests reference IEC standards and are modified in some cases

What are the Requirements?

www.intertek.com 5

How do the requirements compare?

Analysis Design load cases • Simplified calculations (IEC 61400-2)

• Aeroelastic modeling (IEC 61400-2)

• Mechanical load measurement

(IEC 61400-13)

Safety and function evaluation (IEC 61400-2)

Reliability (IEC 61400-2)

• Operational availability

• Power degradation

• Dynamic behavior

Tower (or other support structure) (IEC 61400-2)

Testing Power performance • Power curve (IEC 61400-12-1)

• Annual energy production (AEP)

(IEC 61400-2)

Acoustic • Sound level (IEC 61400-11)

• Tonality (IEC 61400-14)

Mechanical load (IEC 61400-13)

Blade • Static load (IEC 61400-23)

AWEA

(Based on design)

BWEA

FPC Audit

Type Certification

(Optional)

www.intertek.com 6

Power Performance Test

• Wire run length from tower base to connection of load for power measurement:

• AWEA 9.1 and BWEA require a distance of at least 8 rotor diameters

• IEC 61400-12-1 requires a distance of no more than 3 times tower height in IEC 61400-12-1

• AWEA 9.1 and BWEA standards expand on the database requirements to extend beyond 14 m/s as specified in IEC 61400-12-1

Duration Test

• AWEA 9.1 and BWEA require a minimum of 25 hours in wind speeds of 15 m/s and above

Safety and Function Test is identical for AWEA 9.1, BWEA, and IEC 61400-2

How do the requirements compare?

www.intertek.com 7

Acoustic Noise Measurements

• Measurement procedure:

• Direct measurement of wind speed in AWEA 9.1 and BWEA versus determination of wind speed from the power curve in IEC 61400-11

• AWEA 9.1, BWEA and IEC standards each have different averaging periods.

• Post processing of data:

• BWEA Immission map and Noise Label – additional ways to characterize wind turbine noise

• IEC TS 61400-14 declared apparent sound power level

How do the requirements compare?

www.intertek.com 8

Electrical Requirements

US National Electric Code •Articles 694 and 705

Canadian Electric Code •Requires approved components

European Directives •CE Marking

•Type Certification

www.intertek.com 9

Electrical Requirements

US National Electric Code (NEC) Article for Small Wind Turbines • Articles 694 and 705 of 2011 NEC require wind turbine equipment to

be approved for its intended use.

Components requiring evaluation include:

Certification by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL)

demonstrates compliance with the appropriate product standard.

• Inverter

• Generator

• Diversion load

• Disconnect

• Controller

• Slip ring

• Other electrical

components

www.intertek.com 10

Electrical Requirements

Canadian Electric Code

• No specific article yet for small wind turbines. Code requires all

electrical equipment to be approved.

• Same components are subject to approval as in the US

• Canadian and US standards are often similar and sometimes

harmonized

• Approvals must be to Canadian standards

Certification by an accredited Certification Organization and

testing by an accredited Testing Organization demonstrates

compliance with the appropriate product standard.

www.intertek.com 11

Existing standards

• UL Subject 6140 - Outline Of Investigation For Wind Turbine Generating Systems (WTGS)

• UL Subject 6141 - Outline Of Investigation For Wind Turbine Converters And Interconnection Systems Equipment

New standards in development:

• STP UL 6142 – Small Wind Turbine Generating Systems

• STP UL 6171 – Wind Turbine Converters and Interconnection Systems Equipment

Electrical Requirements

www.intertek.com 12

Electrical Requirements

• Generators – UL 1004-1, 1004-4; C22.2 No 100

• Insulation systems – UL 1446 or IEEE 1776

• Power Conversion Equipment – UL Subject 6141, UL 508C; C22.2 No 14

• Control Cabinets – UL 508A, UL 60950; C22.2 No 14

• Busways – UL 857; C22.2 No 27

• Circuit Breakers – UL 489; C22.2 No 5

• Transfer switches – UL 1008; C22.2 No 178

• Electrical Equipment, Enclosures for – UL 50E; C22.2 No 60529

• Heating Appliances, Electric – UL 499 ; C22.2 No 88

• Hoists – UL 1340; C22.2 No 33

• Motors – UL 1004-1, UL 1004-2, UL 1004-3; C22.2 No 100

• Industrial Control Equipment – UL 508;

C22.2 No 14

• Switchboards UL 891; C22.2 No 244

• Industrial Control Equipment, High Voltage – UL 347

• EIS coordination UL 840

• Lightning Protection Components – UL 96, UL 96A

• Surge Protection UL 1449

• Marking and Labeling Systems – UL 969

• Plastic / Polymeric Materials – UL 94, UL 746C; C22.2 No 0.17

• Software in Programmable Components – UL 1998

• Transformers, Distribution, UL 1561, 1562, Low Voltage - UL 5085-1, -2, -3; C22.2 No 66.1, .2, .3

• Uninterruptible Power Systems – UL 1778; C22.2 No 107.3

• Wire Connectors – UL 486A-486B; C22.2 No 65

www.intertek.com 13

EU Requirements:

• CE Marking – self certification

• Typically accomplished by sourcing CE marked components

• Applicable Directives:

• Low Voltage Directive

• Machinery Directive

• EMC Directive

• Requirement to place the product on the market in the EU

Electrical Requirements

www.intertek.com 14

Valued Quality. Delivered.