international relations theories: globalism/ dependency and the capitalist world system dr....
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INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORIES: GLOBALISM/ DEPENDENCY AND THE CAPITALIST WORLD SYSTEM
Dr. MARGARITA SESELGYTEInstitute of International Relations and Political Science, Vilnius university, 2010
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DEFINITION OF GLOBALISM Political scientist Joseph Nye co-founder of the neo-
liberalism argues that globalism refers to any description and explanation of a world which is characterized by networks of connections that span multi-continental distances
Globalization refers to the increase or decline in the degree of globalism
Globalism may be contrasted with individualism, localism, nationalism, regionalism or internationalism
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GLOBALISM
Overall structure of the international system is a starting point of analysis
Historical development of the World capitalist system enables to understand current inter-state relations
Particularly interested in the mechanisms of domination
The destiny of the country is pre-determined Economic factors matter most
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COMPARISON BETWEEN REALISM, PLURALISM AND GLOBALISM Realism – how stability in anarchic world
could be maintained Pluralism – how peaceful change can be
promoted in a interdependent world Globalism – why so many third world states
have been unable to develop
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WORLD –SYSTEMS THEORY
The world-systems theory (also known as the world-systems analysis is a multidisciplinary, macro-scale approach to world history and social change
The founder – Immanuel Wallerstein
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ORIGINS OF WORLD SYSTEM THEORY World-system theory emerged in the 1970s World-system was aiming to replace the
modernization theory Three major predecessors of world-system
theory are: the Annales school, Marxist, and dependence theory
Samir Amin, Giovanni Arrighi, Andre Gunder fFrank, Immanuel Wallerstein, Christopher Chase – Dunn, Janet Abu Lughod, Kunibert Raffer
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IMMANUEL WALLERSTEIN
The most well-known version of the world-system approach has been developed by Immanuel Wallerstein
World-systems analysis calls for an uni-disciplinary historical social science
Definition of world system Temporal features of the world
system Types of world systems
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MARXISM
Karl Heinrich Marx (5 May 1818—14 March 1883) Marxism is a political philosophy, economic
and sociological worldview based upon materialist interpretations of history
Three primary aspects of Marxism: The dialectic and materialist concept of
history The critique of capitalism Advocacy of proletarian revolution
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NEO -MARXISM
Various twentieth-century approaches that amend or extend Marxism
Incorporating elements from other intellectual traditions, such as: critical theory, psychoanalysis, Existentialism
Many prominent neo-Marxists, such as Herbert Marcuse and other members of the Frankfurt School, were sociologists and psychologists.
Neo-Marxism comes under the broader framework of the New Left
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DEPENDENCY THEORY
Fernando Henrique Cardoso Division of labour and inequality Two level picture of domination Criticized by World – system theorists
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JOHN A. HOBSON (1858 – 1940). Theory of imperialism Capitalist societies were faced with 3 basic
interrelated problems: overproduction, under-consumption, over-savings
Investment in the less developed countries
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LENIN (1870 – 1924)
Theory that explained the necessity of capitalist exploitation of less developed countries
Under-consumption and overproduction caused capitalists to scramble for foreign markets
Proletarian class would grow leading ultimately to revolution in all capitalist countries
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ROSA LUXEMBURG (1870- 1919) Revolution vs. Reform Revolution as the only effective means of
transformation of society Reformism abandoned marxism principles Imperialism has negative impact on colonies
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ANTONIO GRAMSCI (1891 – 1937) Not a hard liner Offered constructivist approach to both
theory and practice Prison notebooks Historical and ideological bloc may bloch
the change and retain status quo
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DEPENDENCY
Dependency is bad One – way advantage is inherent to capitalist
system and is necessary to sustain it Transnational class relations are more important
than those among states Multinational organizations are tools for exploitation Comprador class aids in exploitation of its own
society
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WORLD-SYSTEM
System contains core, periphery and semi-periphery and is organized according the principle of labor division
Labor division increases inequalities between regions
Anarchy makes it impossible to legislate the general will of the world
States and politics must be analyzed in the context of capitalist world system
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CHANGE
Changes in actors’ positions Economic cycles Structural transformation Radical transformation
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GLOBALISMAN IMAGE OF A ‘LAYERED PIE’
Dependency
World system
Economic factors
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CRITIQUE OF GLOBALISM
Question of causality Reliance on economics Downplay of domestic variables Lack of unified theory Anomalies
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RESEARCH PROSPECTS AND PROGRAM Reasons of underdevelopment in ‘Third
World’ Anti – globalization movements Economic programs of international
organizations in ‘Third World’
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QUESTIONS