international journal of photochemistry - vol 2_issue 2

International Journal of

Photochemistry

Jul–Dec 2016

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...2 more...

5 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

5 more... 4 more...

Subm

it

Your

Article 2

017

IJP

www.journalspub.com

International Journals Publisher

JournalsPub is a multi-disciplinary international journal boosting innovative & eminence research work

by Division of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. Launched in 2014 under the support and guidance by our

Honorable Editorial Board Members from renowned institutes.

Objectives of JournalsPub

JournalsPub is international scholarly journal that publishes peer reviewed journal in the frontier areas of

Applied Sciences, Medical and Engineering.

JournalsPub publishes Original Research Papers, Review Papers, Popular Articles, Short

Communications & Case Study.

Publishing special issues on Proceedings of Conferences, Seminars and Symposia.

JournalsPub Publishes issues twice a year (bi-annually) in English-language which is available online

(open access) and in printed version with a goal to promote an extensive academic awareness.

JournalsPub desires to set a good benchmark in the publishing industry by launching more than 100+

new International Journals to help the scientific community to enhance communication within the

research communities and maintain a balance between the existing and emerging interdisciplinary

technologies.

JournalsPub aims to provide quality research articles for Academic Researchers, Industrial

Professionals, Engineers, Scientists, Professors, etc. working in the areas of Applied Sciences, Medical

and Engineering to contribute and communicate innovative work.

Salient Features

An umbrella of 100+ journals that covers Applied Sciences, Medial and Engineering Arena.

The first and one of the rapidly emerging publication website in Country as well as overseas for its

excellence and exposure.

Universal transmission and reflectivity.

A Rigorous, Fast and Constructive Peer Review Process

Speedy Publication of Manuscripts

Eminent Editorial Board Members from renowned organizations.

Free Registration, Online Submission, Processing, Publication & Online Access of Manuscripts.

The journal publishes novel research articles with emphasis on theoretical and experimental work.

International Journal

of Photochemistry

JournalsPub (Division of Dhruv Infosystems Private Ltd.) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor,

CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journals. Statements and

opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the Author(s) and are not the opinion of JournalsPub unless so stated.

Subscription Information and Order

Cost of Journal

National Subscription

Rs. 3000/- per Journal (includes 2 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1800/copy

International Subscription

Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 2 print issues)

Online + Print-$199 (includes 2 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at [email protected]

Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India include speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without

notice.

Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. ltd.,

payable at Delhi/New Delhi.

Online Access Policy

A). For Authors:

In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, JournalsPub also have Open Access Policy;

Authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as

follows:

India, SARC and African Countries: INR 1500 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

B.) For Subscribers:

Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of correct

information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber.

The access will be blocked:

If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking due to technical issue. Misuse of the access rights

as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: JournalsPub with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media

for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These

journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue.

The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very

welcome.

Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues:

Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the next issue

as per the frequency.

Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will be

entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends.

Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored.

Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to JournalsPub at least 2 months prior to the dispatch schedule as per

the frequency by mentioning subscriber ID and the subscription ID.

Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes

All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only.

If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team:

[email protected]; Tel: +91 0120-4347644.

International Journal

of Photochemistry

International Journal of Photochemistry welcomes research papers and review articles concerning the

development in the field of Photochemistry. Photoelectrochemical cell, Photochemical and photobiological

sciences, Photochemistry and photobiology, Etiolated and de-etiolated growth pattern of plants, etc. are a

few topics that are included in the journal.

Focus and Scope of the Journal Photoelectrochemical cell

Photochemical and photobiological sciences

Photochemistry and photobiology

Photochemical logic gate

Photoreceptor systems in plants

Blue light systems

Etiolated and de-etiolated growth pattern of plants

Blue light photoreceptors

Phytochromobilin

Photomorphogenetic mutants

Chloroplast development

International Journal of Photochemistry is published twice a year (bi-annual) in India by JournalsPub – An

International Journals is an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. The outlooks stated in the articles do not

essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the

advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing

a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written

permission to the publisher.

To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English

reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub

([email protected]).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager

ChairmanMr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director,JournalsPub,

New Delhi

Hidam Renubala

Ankita Singh

Deepika Bhadauria

Rekha Rani

Commissioning Editors

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Manisha Dhoble

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Dr. Yee-Wen YenProfessor/Vice Dean of College of Engineering

Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of

Science and Technology, Taiwan

Dr. Lakhwinder SinghAssociate Professor and Head Department of

Applied Science, CGC College of Engineering Punjab, India

Dr.Rajesh Kumar SahuAssociate Professor Department of Chemistry

Vishwavidyalaya Engineering CollegeLakhanpur Sarguja University Ambikapur

Chattisgarh, India

Dr. Kakali PurkayasthaAll India Institute of medical Sciences,

India

Dr. Tanveer AlamM.Sc., Ph.D. Techno commercial DirectorUoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants &

Marine Natural Products University of Nizwa, Nizwa Sultanate of Oman, Oman

Dr Yogesh Kumar SharmaSwami Shraddhanand College, Dept. of

Chemistry University of Delhi, Alipur, New Delhi, India

Dr. Sharad M SontakkeInstitute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai,

Maharashtra, India

Dr. Pradipta Kumar BeheraSambhalpur University, India

Dr. Shubha JainSchool of Studies in Chemistry & Biochemistry,

Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

Ramakrishna RaoDepartment of Chemistry, GITAM School of Technology, GITAM University, Bangalore,

Karnataka, India

Dr. G Vijaya LakshmiDepartment of Chemistry, University College of

Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad,Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Satyabrata MohapatraEmami Ltd., India

Dr. Dinesh Nivrutti NavaleDepartment of Chemistry, Vivekanand Education

Society's College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Dr. Purav M. BadaniDepartment of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East),

Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Dr. J John Peter PaulDepartment of Botany, St.Xavier's College

Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Rajib Ghosh ChaudhuriDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani,

Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, UAE

From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

journal, International Journal of Photochemistry. This journal is part of the Applied

Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Photochemistry issues, from theoretical

aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Photochemistry as an

emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical

investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of Photochemistry, addressing researchers and practitioners

in this area.

The core vision of International Journal of Photochemistry in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness

and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to

industry practitioners in a range of topics in Photochemistry in general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder

for the scientific community to publish their papers at excellently, well-timed & successfully. International

Journal of Photochemistry focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Atmospheric

thermodynamics, Biological thermodynamics, Chemical thermodynamics, Equilibrium thermodynamics,

Maximum entropy thermodynamics, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Maximum entropy

thermodynamics, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Reaction's mechanism, Gas phase kinetics, Solution

kinetics etc.

The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of

Photochemistry and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation

and the success of Photochemistry. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported

the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others,

reporting new developments in the field of Photochemistry.

This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we

would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the

editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Photochemistry readers and

will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Photochemistry.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Development of Continuous Photocatalytic Reactor: Effect of Various Parameters Sharad M. Sontakke, Priyanka H. Kamble 1

2. Light Sensing PhotoreceptorsZeanut Akoijam 9

3. Plant Responses to Light StressAmit Agnihotri 11

4. Gibberellin and Seed GerminationVishal Jain 13

5. Light Dependent Processes in PlantsAmit Agnihotri 16

Contents

IJP (2016) 1-8 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Photochemistry Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

Development of Continuous Photocatalytic Reactor: Effect of

Various Parameters

Sharad M. Sontakke*, Priyanka H. Kamble Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India

ABSTRACT

Water purification by heterogeneous photocatalysis is one of the rapidly growing areas of

interest amongst the researchers. For mass application of the technology, efficient and

economic reactor design is necessary which should address two important parameters,

namely, light distribution inside the reactor and high surface area of irradiated catalyst per

unit volume of reactor. The present study reports design of a continuous photocatalytic

reactor using an easy-to-apply and economic TiO2 paste. TiO2 obtained by four different

sources were studied and based on photoactivity as well as economy a suitable material was

shortlisted. A paste of TiO2 was synthesized using the shortlisted material and coated on two

different substrates, namely, glass and acrylic. Effect of various parameters such as choice of

substrate, number of layers and number of coated slides on the photocatalytic degradation of

Methylene blue was investigated in a batch photocatalytic reactor. The optimum conditions

from the batch studies were used to design a continuous photocatalytic reactor. Degradation

of Methylene blue was investigated in the continuous mode and it was observed that the

reactor displayed same degradation efficiency for at least three cycles. Keywords: continuous reactor, Methylene blue, photocatalysis, titanium dioxide

INTRODUCTION

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as photocatalysis, have shown a great promise as an alternative to the conventional water treatment technologies. TiO2, due to its superior properties, is a preferred material in the photocatalytic degradation studies.[1] The catalyst can be used in two ways namely, suspended and immobilized. The advantage of suspended catalyst is the availability of large surface area for the reaction, however, the separation and reuse of the catalyst are the serious disadvantages associated with it.[1] On the other hand, the available surface area for the reaction in case of immobilized catalyst is less compared to the equivalent amount of slurry catalyst. Suspended catalyst (or in slurry form) is extensively studied in the literature however, a very

limited attention is given to the immobilized (or supported) catalyst. Several substrates have been used for immobilization of catalyst which includes glass beads, glass tubes, glass fiber, semipermeable membranes, ceramic membranes, porous filter pipes, stainless steel, etc.[1–3] The immobilization of the catalyst is reported by various techniques such as spray coating, dip coating, chemical vapor deposition, sol–gel and electrophoretic deposition.[3] However, most of the immobilization techniques reported in literature are costly and require use of a sophisticated instrument.



www.journalspub.com

Light Sensing Photoreceptors

Zeanut Akoijam* Department of Chemistry, Manipur University, Manipur, India

ABSTRACT

Light is a vital factor for plant growth and development. Plant responds to light in different

ways. Plants consist of special receptors that perform various mechanisms in multi-steps to

regulate different aspects of plant growth and development. Here, in this short article, an

overview of these light harvesting photoreceptors is given.

Keywords: COP1, phytochrome, photoreceptors, phototropin BACKGROUND

Light is undoubtedly a vital abiotic factor regulating plant growth and development throughout their life-cycle. Several light sensing mechanisms have been developed in plants for regulating their responses towards light quality, intensity, duration of exposure or periodicity, direction or movement, etc.[1] Plants contain several photoreceptors that play important role in mediating different developmental processes in response to light. These photoreceptors consist of multiple steps of transduction chains that regulate different aspects such as gene expression, interaction among the plant hormones, developmental changes in plant cell membrane etc. Some of the plant photoreceptors involved in regulation of these activities is briefed here. Phytochrome

It is a protein molecule consisting of covalently attached chromophore. Phytochrome may exist in two different based on absorption spectra from light. The active form is the Pfr that absorbs red light of the spectra. The other form, Pr absorbs red light. These two forms are interconvertible, i.e., absorbtion of red light converts Pr to Pfr while absorbtion of

far red converts Pfr to Pr.[2] Since, these forms of the phytochrome are interconvertible; the plant response is largely regulated by this red/far red reversibility. A typical example is the phenomenon of germination in lettuce. Germination is induced when the lettuce seeds are exposed to red light. However, if the red light is followed by even a short pulse of far red light, germination is inhibited. Since, phytochrome can exist in two forms depending on red or far-red light; this photoreceptor is often used as an indicator of light quality.[2–4] Besides germination, phytochrome also mediates other photomorphogenic phenomena such as leaf expansion and inhibition of stem elongation. Phytochrome also undergoes autophosphorylation, owing to the presence of protein kinase receptors. Phototropin

Phototropin is the blue light receptor of plants. Phototropism is controlled mainly by blue/UVA light. It brings directional growth of the stem. In other words, it causes shoots to grow towards light, referred as positively phototropic. Roots on the other show negative phototropism

IJP (2016) 11-12 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved


www.journalspub.com

Plant Responses to Light Stress

Amit Agnihotri* Department of Chemical Engineering, ITM Institute of Technology and Management, Gwalior,

Madhya Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT

Light is crucial for several physiological processes that control growth and development in

plants. However, though crucial, excessive light can be harmful and detrimental for the plant

causing photo-damage. Plants have adapted several mechanisms in order to respond against

the light stress. Such protective response adapted by the plant depends upon the intensity and

duration of the light stress.

Keywords: light stress, photo-inhibition, photosynthetic quantum conversion

Light is considered to be an essential ingredient for good plant growth. Inspite of being crucial for growth, exposure to excess levels of light can cause detrimental effects on plant function and development. Light is primarily required by plants to carry out photosynthesis, a process whereby plants turn the energy of light into their own building materials i.e., sugars. More the light is available, more energy is absorbed and consequently more sugars are formed. This enhances the overall plant growth including flowers growing bigger, fruits becoming sweeter, crops flourishing rapidly, etc. If plants are exposed to light intensities beyond their photosynthetic capacity, there is potential for photo-damage.[1–4] Light stress has been the least characterized and studied among the various types of abiotic stresses encountered by the plants. Plants being immobile cannot escape and have to face the light stress. In order to overcome the detrimental consequences of such hostile circumstances, plants have developed certain protective and adaptive stress responses such as[5]:

(1) Lowering the cross-sectional area of plant surface exposed to light, thereby reducing the amount of light absorbed.

(2) Increasing the rate of photosynthetic quantum conversion in chloroplasts.

(3) Increasing heat emission such as by de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin.

(4) Rise of non-photochemical de-excitation of absorbed light quantum.

(5) Photo-inhibition of the photosynthetic pigment apparatus.

During stress exposure, plants undergo through different phases which have been categorized into 4 parts viz. (1) Response phase (alarm reaction) (2) Resistance phase (3) Exhaustion stage

(4) Regeneration phase, in which the physiological function is gradually restored once the source of stress is removed

The length (hours, days) of the regeneration phase to take the plant back to a normal physiological function depends on the strength and duration of the stress. The light stress either directly or



www.journalspub.com

Gibberellin and Seed Germination

Vishal Jain MM College, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

Plants undergo several developmental processes throughout their life-cycle. Several plant hormones participate in these growth and developmental processes. Plant hormones are chemical signals that are produced by cells in one area such as leaves, stems or root, and transported to a different area of the plant, where it generates a specific response. In this way, hormones co-ordinate different parts of the plant and regulate various physiological activities. Five major plant hormones are known: auxin, ethylene, cytokinin, abscisic acid and gibberellin. Though required in very small quantities, all of these play countless important functions in plants. This review describes the importance of gibberellin hormone in plants with main emphasis on its role in seed germination. Gibberellin was first isolated in 1938 from the metabolite product of rice pathogenic fungus Gibberella fujikuroi; the causal agent of the ‘foolish-seedling’ disease of rice.[1,2] Gibberellins are synthesized from geranyldiphosphate by a specific pathway including several enzymes. Gibberellins regulate diverse developmental processes throughout the plant life cycle such as stem elongation, leaf expansion, influence transition from juvenile to mature stage, pollen maturation, induction of flowering, fruit ripening, trichome development, sex determination and various aspects of seed germination such as breaking dormancy, mobilization of endosperm reserves.[3–5] Seed germination, an important step in the plant life cycle, is a complex mechanism wherein physiological and morphological alterations take place resulting in activation of the embryo. The pathways

leading to seed germination is initiated with the release of coat dormancy, ‘weakening of endosperm’, and ‘expansion of embryo cell’. Many researchers have evaluated the processes involved in seed germination, and how they are affected by plant hormones in different plant families like Brassicaceae.[6,7] It has been indicated that there is an intimate interaction between gibberellins metabolism and gibberellins response pathways. This kind of interaction, along with other pathways in the plant, results in the regulation of plant growth and development. Some reports suggest that gibberellins stimulate the synthesis and production of hydrolases particularly α-amylase that leads to the germination of seeds. While there are some others that though confirms the role of gibberellin in seed germination, rule out the opinion that gibberellin promotes seed germination via amylase production.[8] Using proteomic analysis, Gallardo et al. (2002) indicated the way via which the germination of Arabidopsis seeds is regulated by gibberellins.[9] In a view to identify the proteins whose abundance depends on the action of gibberellin during different stages of seed germination, Gallardo et al. pointed out that the gibberellin do not directly participates in the processes leading to seed germination. Instead, the hormone is involved in controlling the accumulation level of proteins associated with radicle protrusion and post-germination processes. An example of such protein being the cytoskeleton component, α-2,4 tubulin.[9]



www.journalspub.com

Light Dependent Processes in Plants

Amit Agnihotri Department of Chemical Engineering, ITM Institute of Technology and Management,

Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Light is vital for the survival of all living organisms on Earth. It is hard to imagine life without light. The source of light, the Sun, is the universal source of energy for all life on Earth. It helps the human beings to carry out daily routine work very easily. It is also required for growth and development of plants; bacteria such as cyanobacteria, green sulfur bacteria. In plants, the solar energy or light is absorbed and converted into another useful form, i.e., chemical energy. This review gives a brief insight into the various growth and developmental processes in plant that are controlled or regulated by light. Plants show different responses in presence to light. This phenomenon is called phototropism. A classic example is the bending of a plant stem towards light. Anyone who has grown a plant near a window would have observed that the plant usually bends toward the window where the light is stronger than inside the room. Another commonly experienced example of tropic response is gravitropism, where the plant grows in such a way so as to stay oriented relative to the source of gravity (the earth). Thus, in case a plant is knocked down, the shoot will grow faster on the lower side until the shoot is more-or-less standing up again. Such phototropic responses are regulated by specific blue-light photoreceptors called phototropins. Gravitropism is dependent on the presence of starch-filled plastids called amyloplasts in specialized cells. When the orientation of cells change, the mass of amyloplasts causes them to sink and tumble towards lower end of the

cell. As a result, differential growth occurs causing curvature in the plant. Several reports are available in literature that have described in detail how light effects the movement and/or functioning of different plant parts/cellular organelles. Light-dependent changes in the leaflet movement rhythm of Desmodium gyrans, the Indian telegraph plant was studied in detail by Sharma et al.[1] The movements and oscillations of the lateral leaflets of this plant were analyzed in response to different chemicals, DC currents, and static magnetic fields. It showed that the frequency of oscillations was more and rapid in presence of bright light, while low light intensity slowed down the oscillations. short period oscillations of the lateral leaflets actually was an adaptive response of the plant in order to optimize the amount of light falling on the leaflets thereby facilitating transpiration of water through stomata. Mimosa pudica is a highly sensitive and unique plant that shows rapid leaf movement. In response to any physical disturbance, this species folds its leaves in a fraction of seconds. Under conditions of high light, the plant immediately closes its leaves. This action is opposite of what is expected from the principle of energetics, according to which, the plant in high light, having abundant energy available to them should more rapidly open its leaves to allow capturing of more and more solar energy.

International Journal of

Photochemistry

Jul–Dec 2016

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...2 more...

5 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

5 more... 4 more...

Subm

it

Your

Article 2

017

IJP

www.journalspub.com