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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 –

6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 6, June (2014), pp. 67-74 © IAEME

67

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE IN

HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS USING OPNET MODELLER

Vijay Verma1, Silki Baghla

2

1Research Scholar, JCD Department, JCDM College of Engineering, Sirsa, INDIA

2Asst. Prof., JCD Department, JCDM College of Engineering, Sirsa, INDIA

ABSTRACT

The aim of next generation wireless network (NGWN) is to integrate different wireless

access technologies such as WLAN, WiMAX, UMTS etc., each with its own characteristics, into a

common IP-based core network to provide mobile user with seamless connectivity. One of the major

issues for the converged heterogeneous networks is to provide seamless connectivity with QoS

support. In this paper we simulated various wireless networks (WLAN, WiMAX and UMTS) for

various applications and evaluated their performance as individual as well as in integrated mode.

Keywords: WLAN, WiMAX, UMTS, QoS, NGWN.

INTRODUCTION

Now a days telecommunication services such as video on demand, music down- load, video

streaming, video conferencing and VoIP are becoming part of user’s daily activities. These

applications demand high quality service, particularly for voice and real time sessions. So it is very

important to increase the quality of data for telecommunication [2]. In wireless technologies such as

3G, WLAN, WiMAX etc. offer variety of services. They are developed with different standards and

provide different area of coverage and data rates [3]. VoIP applications are being widely used in

today's networks challenging their capabilities to provide a good quality of experience level to the

users [4]. Now days the heterogeneous networks are widely used in telecommunication. The

mobility in heterogeneous networks for any mobile device requires seamless connectivity using

vertical handover [6]. But the mobility management is the main issue in heterogeneous networks that

supports the roaming of users from one system to another [7]. The vertical handover involves

procedures of registration, binding, route optimization, and bi-directional tunnelling mode so that

transition between heterogeneous access technologies is transparent to user [5]. Consequently, many

wireless technologies, such as 3rd Generation (3G), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET)

ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print)

ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online)

Volume 5, Issue 6, June (2014), pp. 67-74

© IAEME: http://www.iaeme.com/IJECET.asp

Journal Impact Factor (2014): 7.2836 (Calculated by GISI)

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IJECET

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68

Access (WiMAX), Wireless LAN (WLAN), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

are emerging to satisfy the users’ growing requirements to provide anytime and anywhere access to

the Internet.

Even though, the wired network has benefits like less packet loss, more security and less

delay, it has its main drawback as immobility which makes the wireless network to be prominent

since it supports mobility. Nowadays, the voice and video transmission is widespread among the

mobile users. In this case, the effective quality of speech at the destination side is more essential. The

quality of speech in any network is determined by using Mean Opinion Score (MOS) value, delay,

jitter [1] while quality of service of any network can be determined in terms of load, delay and

throughput as well. In this paper we have integrated three wireless technologies (WLAN, WIMAX

and UMTS) in a network and analyzed its performance for voice application. The analysis is done on

the basis of MOS value, delay, jitter, load, throughput and mobility. As the mobile terminal moves in

such an integrated network its point of connectivity to access point may shift from one access point

to another. This process of change of access point is known as handover. In WLAN network

handover can be found through its AP connectivity while in Wimax handovers can be found by its

mobility. In UMTS, handovers can be found as active cell count in UMTS handover.

INTEGRATION OF VARIOUS WIRELESS NETWORKS

In this paper implementation of three wireless technologies WLAN, WIMAX and UMTS

have been implemented on OPNET Modeller. The simulation is done in 2 parts having seven

scenarios:

1) Network implementation using same wireless technology

• Implementation of WLAN network in 7- cell structure

• Implementation of WiMAX network in 7- cell structure

• Implementation of UMTS network in 7-cell structure

2) Network implementation using different wireless technologies

• Integration of WLAN- WiMAX

• Integration of WLAN-UMTS

• Integration of WiMAX-UMTS

• Integration of WLAN-WiMAX-UMTS

In scenarios of first part the simulation is performed with three applications Voice, Video and

FTP while for scenarios in second part voice application is used for performance application.

SIMULATION RESULTS FOR INDIVIDUAL NETWORKS

Fig. 1, 2 and 3 shows WLAN, WiMAX and UMTS network structure used in this work in 7-

cell structure. In WLAN each cell has four mobile workstations connected with one base staion while

in WiMAX network each cell has 5 mobile workstations with one access point. UMTS network 7

cell structure shown in figure 2. Each cell can have 1 or more NODE B.



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Figure 1: Implementation of WLAN

Figure 2: Implementation of WiMAX

Figure 3: Implementation of UMTS



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Figure 4: Voice jitter in WLAN, WiMAX and UMTS

Table no. 1

Parameters WLAN WiMAX UMTS

Voice Jitter -0.001 sec 0 sec 0.33 sec

Voice MOS value 2.4 3.7 1.6

Delay Max- 2.2 sec 0.3 sec 0.2 sec

Min- 0.4 sec

Voice jitter for WLAN, WiMAX and UMTS is shown in figure 4 and voice MOS value for

WLAN, WiMAX and UMTS is shown in figure 5. The value for voice jitter should be low and voice

MOS value should be high. MOS value is in between 1 to 5. MOS value five is excellent and 1 is

poor.

Figure 5: Voice MOS value in WLAN, WiMAX and UMTS



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SIMULATION RESULTS FOR HETROGENEOUS NETWORKS

In scenarios 4, 5, 6 and 7 the simulation is done by using voice application. In this integrated network, the users can get signal from WiMAX or WLAN (depends on

signal strength).

Figure 6: Implementation of WLAN-WiMAX

In this scenario, four UMTS architectures are integrated with the WLAN architecture. So the

users can utilize either UMTS or WLAN which depends on the signal strength.

Figure 7: Implementation of WLAN-UMTS

In this scenario user equipment can use UMTS or WiMAX, which depends on the signal strength.

Figure 8: Implementation of WiMAX-UMTS



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Figure 9: Voice jitter in WLAN-WiMAX, WLAN-UMTS, WiMAX-UMTS

Figure 10: MOS value in WLAN-WiMAX, WLAN-UMTS, WiMAX-UMTS

Table no. 2

Parameters WLAN-WiMAX WLAN-UMTS WIMAX-UMTS

Voice Jitter 0 sec 0 sec 0.09 sec

MOS value 3.6 Max-3.1

Min-1.5

1



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A combination of all three networks WLAN, WiMAX and UMTS is shown in the figure.

Figure 11: WLAN-WiMAX-UMTS implementation

Figure 12: Voice jitter and MOS value for WLAN-WiMAX-UMTS

Figure 13: Load in WLAN-WiMAX-UMTS



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Table no. 3

Parameters WLAN-WiMAX-UMTS

Voice Jitter Max-0.0036 sec

Min-0.0001 sec

Voice MOS value 3.4

Load 130 bps (WiMAX)

68,000 bps (WLAN)

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

In this paper, we present a performance analysis of various types of wireless networks with

many applications using OPNET simulator. The simulation results show that the WiMAX

performance is good as compared with WLAN and UMTS for voice application and in

heterogeneous networks, WLAN-WiMAX network gives the best results among all heterogeneous

networks with 0 sec of jitter and maximum value of MOS. For future work number of networks in a

structure can be increased and simulated with different applications. The simulation time can also be

increased for performance evaluation.

REFERENCES

1. Dheyaa Jasim Kadhim, Sanaa Shaker Abed, “Performance and handoff evaluation of

hetrogeneous wireless networks (HWNS) using OPNET Simulator”, International Journal of

Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology (IJECET), Vol. 4, Issue 2,

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2. Karthika A L, Sumithra M G, Shanmugam, “ Performance of voice in integrated WiMAX-

WLAN and UMTS-WLAN” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, Issue 4, April 2013.

3. L. Nithyanandan and I. Parthiban, “Vertical Handoff in WLAN-WiMAX-LTE Heterogeneous

Networks through Gateway Relocation” International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks

(IJWMN) Vol. 4, No. 4, August 2012.

4. Mohamed A. Mohamed, Fayez W. Zaki, Ahmed M. Elfeki, “Implementation of VoIP over

WiMAX networks” International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering &

Technology (IJECET), Vol. 3, Issue 2, September 2012, pp. 310-320.

5. Nadia Qasim, “Vertical Handover in Wireless Overlay Networks with Quality of Service

Factors” the World Congress on Engineering (WCE) Vol. 2, July, 2011, London, U.K.

6. Iyad Alkhayat, Anup Kumar, Salim Hariri, “End-to-End Mobility Solution for Vertical

Handoff between Heterogeneous Wireless Networks” Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE), 2009.

7. Meriem kassar, Brigitte kervella, Guy pujolle, “An overview of vertical handover decision

strategies in heterogeneous wireless networks” ELSEVIER, computer communication, 2008.

8. LI MA, FEI YU, and Victor C. M. Leung, “A new method to support UMTS/WLAN vertical

handover using SCT” Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2004.

9. www.opnet.com.

10. http://en.wikipedia.org/.

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