InternationalDecision-MakingintheAgeofGenocide:Srebrenica1993-1995

ConferenceinTheHague,June29–July1,2015

AnnexA-PersonsCited

A

FikretAbdić:Muslimpoliticianandbusinessman

SalmanAhmed:oneoftheauthorsofthe1999UNReportonSrebrenica

YasushiAkashi:SpecialRepresentativefortheUNSecretary-General(1993-1997)

MadeleineAlbright:USpermanentrepresentativetotheUNSecurityCouncil(1993-1997)

ViktorAndreev:HeadofUNPROFORCivilAffairs(1992-1995)

KofiAnnan:Under-Secretary-GeneralforPeacekeeping(1993-1995)

DiegoArria:VenezuelanrepresentativetotheUNSecurityCouncil(1991-1993)

LesAspin:USSecretaryofDefense(1993-1994)

B

JamesBaker:USSecretaryofState(1989-1992)

BertBakker:Srebrenicaresearcherandexpert,aidedinwritingNIODReportonSrebrenica

ReginaldBartholomew:USAmbassadortoItaly(1993-1997)

JamesBaxter:LieutenantColonel,militaryassistanttoRupertSmith

RamizBećirović:CommanderoftheArmyoftheRepublicofBosniaandHerzegovinainSrebrenicaenclave

SandyBerger:USDeputyNationalSecurityAdvisor(1993-1996)

CarlBildt:EuropeanUnionSpecialEnvoytotheformerYugoslavia(1995)

TonyBirtley:BritishjournalistinSrebrenicareportingforABC

RobertBlock:ReporterforTheIndependent

MateBoban:BosnianCroatpoliticianandpresidentoftheself-proclaimedCroatianRepublicofHerzeg-Bosnia(1991-1994)

UrsBoegli:HeadofICRCoperationsinBosniaandHerzegovina

JeremyBoorda:USAdmiral,CommanderinChief,NATOAlliedForcesSouthernEurope(February1993-April1994)

BoutrosBoutros-Ghali:UNSecretary-General(1992-1996)

JeremyBrade:BritishDiplomat,DavidOwen/ICFYRepresentativeinSarajevo

TaylorBranch:Americanauthorandhistorian

CharlieBrantz:DutchColonel,DeputyCommanderofSectorNorthEast

ToneBringa:NorwegiansocialanthropologistandUNofficialinZagreb

FrancisBriquemont:BelgianLieutenantGeneral,UNPROFORcommanderinBosnia(July1993–January1994)

FletcherBurton:DeputyChiefofMissionattheUSEmbassyinSarajevo(1995-1996)

C

JimmyCarter:PresidentoftheUnitedStates(1977-1981)

JacquesChirac:PresidentofFrance(1995-2007)

WarrenChristopher:USSecretaryofState(1993-1997)

VitalyChurkin:DeputyForeignMinisteroftheRussianFederation,SpecialRepresentativeofthePresidentoftheRussianFederationtothetalksontheformerYugoslavia(1992-1994)

WesleyClark:LieutenantGeneralintheUSArmy,DirectorforStrategicPlanandPolicyintheJointChiefsofStaff(1993-1996)

BillClinton:PresidentoftheUnitedStates(1993-2001)

EliotCohen:USPolicyPlanningStaffoftheOfficeoftheSecretaryofDefense,nowprofessor

RoddyCordy-Simpson:BritishLieutenantGeneral,ChiefofStaffofUNPROFOR(1992-1994)

JeanCot:FrenchGeneral,ForceCommanderofUNPROFOR(June1993-March1994)

HansCouzy:DutchGeneral,CommanderinChiefoftheRoyalNetherlandsArmy

D

HervédeCharette:FrenchMinisterofForeignAffairs(May1995-June1997)

HarmdeJonge:DutchLieutenantColonel,ChiefofOperationstoGeneralJanvier

BertranddeLaPresle:FrenchGeneral,ForceCommanderofUNPROFOR(March1994–February1995)

RasimDelić:ChiefofStaffoftheArmyoftheRepublicofBosniaandHerzegovina

NormanDixon:Britishpsychologistmostnotedforthis1976bookOnthePsychologyofMilitaryIncompetence

MiloradDodik:PresidentofRepublikaSrpska(2010-present)

TomDonilon:USAssistantSecretaryofStateforPublicAffairsandChiefofStafftotheSecretaryofState(1993-1996)

TerryDornbush:USAmbassadortotheNetherlands(1994-1998)

MuhamedDuraković:Srebrenicasurvivor,workedwithinternationalaidorganizationsduringandafterthefallofSrebrenica

E

LawrenceEagleburger:USSecretaryofState(1992-1993)

VincentEgbers:DutchLieutenantbasedinSrebrenicawithDutchbatIII

ManfredEisele:servedintheUNSecretary-General’soffice

ChristopherElliot:General,militaryaidetoGeneraldeLaPresle

AndréErdös:HungarianrepresentativetotheUNSecurityCouncil(1990-1993)

P.L.E.M.Everts:DutchLieutenant-Colonel,CommanderofDutchbatIIpriortoThomKarremans

F

AdrianFoster:BritishMajor,providedmilitaryplanningsupporttoUNDepartmentofPeacekeepingOperations

RobertFranken:MajorandDeputyCommanderofDutchbatIII(January-July1995)

RobertFrasure:USDeputyAssistantSecretaryofStateforEuropeanandCanadianAffairs(1994-1995)

LeonFuerth:NationalSecurityAdvisortoUSVicePresidentAlGore(1992-2000)

G

PeterGalbraith:USAmbassadortoCroatia(1993-1998)

EjupGanić:YugoslavmemberofPresidencyoftheRepublicofBosniaandHerzegovina(1990-1996)

TomGeburt:CanadianLieutenantColonel,headofCanadiancontingentinSrebrenica

ChinmayaGharekhan:SpecialPoliticalAdvisortotheSecretary-General

HervéGobilliard:FrenchGeneral,CommanderOfficerforUNtroopsinSarajevo

RichardGoldstone:firstchiefprosecutoroftheUNInternationalCriminalTribunalfortheformerYugoslaviaandforRwanda(1994-1996)

AlGore:VicePresidentoftheUnitedStates(1993-2001)

MarrackGoulding:Undersecretary-GeneralforPeacekeeping(1986-1993),Undersecretary-GeneralforPoliticalAffairs(1993-1997)

MateGranić:ForeignMinisterofCroatia(1993-2000)

HanneSophieGreve:Norwegianwarcrimesinvestigator

JelteGroen:Captain,CompanyCommanderofBravoCompany,Srebrenica

RoyGutman:journalist,authorofWitnesstoGenocide

MilanGvero:GeneralintheArmyofRepublikaSrpska

H

DavidHannay;UKpermanentrepresentativetotheUNSecurityCouncil(1990-1995)

SeferHalilovic:GeneralandCommandingOfficeroftheArmyoftheRepublicofBosniaandHerzegovina

DagHammarskjöld:Secretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations(April1953-September1961)

DavidHarland:HeadofUNCivilAffairs,Sarajevo(1993-1995),co-authorofUNreportonSrebrenica

PamelaHarriman:USAmbassadortoFrance(1993-1997)

VereHayes:BritishGeneral,ChiefofStafftoUNPROFOR(1993)

GeneralHauckland:NorwegiancommanderinUNPROFOR

AlexisHerman:AssistanttoUSPresidentBillClinton,headoftheWhiteHouseOfficeofPublicLiaison(1993-1997)

PeggyHicks:humanrightsadvisortotheUNSpecialRepresentativeoftheSecretary-GeneralintheformerYugoslavia

ChrisHill:Director,OfficeofSouth-CentralEuropeanAffairsattheUSDepartmentofState(1994-1996)

RichardHolbrooke:AssistantSecretaryofStateforEuropeanandCanadianAffairs(1994-1996)

LarryHollingworth:UNHCR,Sarajevo-Srebrenica

RobertHunter:USAmbassadortoNATO(1993-1998)

DouglasHurd:UKSecretaryofStateforForeignandCommonwealthAffairs(1989-1995)

I

Karl(Rick)Inderfurth:USspecialrepresentativeforpoliticalaffairstotheUN

AlijaIzetbegović:PresidentoftheRepublicofBosniaandHerzegovina(1990-1996)

J

VictorJackovich:USAmbassadortoBosniaandHerzegovina(1992-1995)

HenryJacolin:FrenchambassadortoBosnia(1993-1995)

BernardJanvier:LieutenantGeneralofFrance,ForceCommanderofUNPROFOR(March1995-January1996)

LaurensJolles:UNHCRrepresentativeintheformerYugoslavia

GeorgeJoulwan:AmericanGeneral,SupremeAlliedCommanderforEurope(October1993–July1997)

AlainJuppé:PrimeMinisterofFrance(1995-1997)

K

GraceKang:UNhumanrightsofficer

RadovanKaradzić:PresidentofBosnianSerbRepublic(1992-1996)

ThomKarremans:Colonel,CommanderofDutchbatIII(January–July1995)

ObradKesic:representativeofRepublikaSrpskainWashington

WimKok:Netherlandprimeminister(1994-2002)

PeterKooijmans:NetherlandsMinisterofForeignAffairs(January1993-August1994)

KarelKovanda:CzechAmbassadortotheUnitedNations(1993-1997)

MomčiloKrajišnik:BosnianSerbleader

RadislavKrstić:DeputyCommander,laterChiefofStaffoftheDrinaCorps

JudithKumin:UNHCRrepresentativeintheformerYugoslavia

L

ZlatkoLagumdžija:deputyprimeminister,BosniaandHerzegovina(1993-1996)

TonyLake:USNationalSecurityAdvisor(1993-1996)

JacquesLanxade:FrenchAdmiral,Armychiefofstaff(1991-1995)

RuudLubbers:PrimeMinisteroftheNetherlands(1982-1994)

VladimirLukic:PrimeMinisterofRepublikaSrpska

EdwardLuttwack:Americanmilitarystrategist,politicalscientistandhistorian

M

LewisMacKenzie:CanadianGeneral,establishedandcommandedSectorSarajevoaspartofUNPROFORin1992

RusmirMahmutćehajić:DeputyPrimeMinisterofBosniaandHerzegovina(1991-1992),MinisterforEnergy,MiningandIndustryofBosniaandHerzegovina(1992-1994)

JohnMajor:PrimeMinisterofGreatBritain(1990-1997)

NesibMandžić:BosnianMuslimhighschoolprincipalwhowaspulledintonegotiationswithMladicattheFontanaHotelafterthefallofSrebrenica

SimonMardel:WHOdoctorinBosnia

JamsheedMarker:PakistaniAmbassadortotheUnitedNations

KatiMarton:Hungarian-Americanauthorandjournalist,marriedtoRichardHolbrookein1995

KeesMatthijssen:DutchGeneral,companycommander,DutchbatIII,Srebrenica(1995)

TadeuszMazowiecki:SpecialRapporteuroftheCommissiononHumanRights

JoséMaríaMendiluce:HeadofUNHCRtotheconflictintheBalkans(1991-1993)

JohnMenzies:USAmbassadortoBosniaandHerzegovina(1996)

Jean-BernardMérimée:PermanentRepresentativeofFrancetotheUN(1991-1995)

JohnMcCain:USSenatorfromArizona(1987-present)

PeterMcCloskey:ICTYProsecutor

JohnMenzies:USAmbassadortoBosniaandHerzegovina

Jean-BernardMérimée:FrenchAmbassadortotheUN(1991-1995)

CharlesMillon:FrenchMinisterofDefense(1995-1997)

SlobodanMilošević:PresidentoftheRepublicofSerbia(1989-1997)

ManojloMilovanovic:LieutenantGeneralandChiefofStaffoftheArmyofRepublikaSrpska

FrançoisMitterrand:PresidentofFrance(1981-1995)

RatkoMladić:CommanderofBosnianSerbArmy(1992-1996)

AloisMock:ForeignMinisterofAustria(1987-1995)

PhilippeMorillon:FrenchLieutenantGeneral,UNPROFORcommanderinBosnia(September1992–July1993)

HasanMuratović:ministerforrelationswithUNPROFOR,BosniaandHerzegovina(1992-1995)

N

SatishNambiar:IndianLieutenantGeneral,ForceCommanderofUNPROFOR(March1992–March1993)

KeesNicolai:DutchGeneral,ChiefofStafftoGeneralSmith

MomirNikolić:intelligenceofficerintheBratunacBrigade

HasanNuhanovic:Dutchbatinterpreter,Srebrenicasurvivor

O

TerrenceO’Brien:PermanentRepresentativeofNewZealandtotheUN(1980-1983,1990-1993)

SadakoOgata:UNHighCommissionerforHumanRights(1991-2001)

NaserOrić:CommanderoftheARBiH28thDivisioninSrebrenica

DavidOwen:EUpeacenegotiatorintheformerYugoslavia(1992-1995)

StephenOxman:USAssistantSecretaryofStateforEuropeanandCanadianAffairs(1993-1994)

P

RudolphPerina:ChiefofMissionoftheUSEmbassyinBelgrade(1993-1996)

WilliamPerry:USSecretaryofDefense(1994-1997)

JacquesPoos:MinisterforForeignAffairsinLuxembourg(1984-1999)

VujadinPopović:BosnianSerbLeiutenantColonel,ChiefofSecurityoftheDrinaCorpsoftheBosnianSerbArmy

MichaelPortillo:UKSecretaryofStateforDefense(July1995-May1997)

ColinPowell:ChairmanoftheUSJointChiefsofStaff(October1989-September1993)

SamanthaPower:journalistcoveringtheYugoslavwars,currentlyUSAmbassadortotheUnitedNations

Q

R

JoséRamos-Horta:PresidentofTimor-Leste(2007-2012),ChairoftheUNHigh-levelIndependentPanelonPeaceOperations

DavidReiff:authorofSlaughterhouse:BosniaandtheFailureoftheWest

IqbalRiza:AssistantSecretary-General,DepartmentofPeacekeepingOperations(1993-1996)

DavidRohde:journalistandauthorEndgame:TheBetrayalandFallofSrebrenica

MichaelRose:BritishLieutenantGeneral,UNPROFORcommanderinBosnia(January1994–January1995)

JamesRubin:advisortoUSAmbassadortotheUN,MadeleineAlbright

S

MuhamedSacirbey:ForeignMinisteroftheRepublicofBosniaandHerzegovina,AmbassadortotheUN(1992-1997)

FahrudinSalihović:MayorofSrebrenica

PatriceSartre:FrenchColonel,wasinvolvedintheescortofBosnianDeputyPrimeMinisterTurajlićwhenhewasshot

DavidScheffer:SeniorAdvisortoUSAmbassadortotheUN

NormanSchindler:Chief,USBalkanTaskForce

JohnShalikashvili:ChairmanoftheJointChiefsofStaffandSupremeAlliedCommander(1993-1997)

JohnShattuck:AssistantSecretaryofStateforDemocracyandHumanRights

VasilySidorov:DeputyPermanentRepresentativeoftheRussianFederationtotheUN)

HarisSilajdzić:PrimeMinisterofBosniaandHerzegovina(1992-1996)

WalterSlocombe:USUndersecretaryofDefenseforPolicy(1993-2001)

Leighton“Snuffy”Smith:AdmiralintheUSNavy,CommanderofNATOforces,SouthernEurope(1994-1996)

RupertSmith:BritishGeneral,UNPROFORcommanderinBosnia(1995),AssistantChiefofDefenseOperations(1992-1994)

CornelioSommaruga:PresidentoftheICRC(1987-1999)

ThorvaldStoltenberg:SpecialRepresentativeoftheSecretary-General(May-December1993),UNRepresentativetotheInternationalConferenceontheFormerYugoslavia(1992-1995)

HuremSuljic:survivoroftheSrebrenicagenocide,oneofthefirstwitnessestosharehisstoryofsurvivalwithoutsideinvestigators

OsmanSuljić:Srebrenicawarpresident

GojkoŠušak:Croatiandefenseminister(1992-1998)

T

StrobeTalbott:USDeputySecretaryofState(1994-2001)

PeterTarnoff:USUndersecretaryofStateforPoliticalAffairs(1993-1997)

GeorgeTenet:DeputyDirectorofCentralIntelligence(July1995-July1997)

RelusterBeek:NetherlandsDefenseMinister(November1989-August1994)

ShashiTharoor:senioradvisortoKofiAnnan,UNUnder-Secretary-GeneralforPeacekeepingOperations

CedricThornberry:DirectorofUNPROFORCivilAffairs(1992-1994),DeputyChiefofMissionofUNPROFORandseniornegotiator

ZdravkoTolimir:General,BosnianSerbmilitarycommander

PiersTucker:BritishMajor,aidetoGeneralPhilippeMorillon

FranjoTudjman:PresidentofCroatia(1991-1999)

HakijaTurajlić:DeputyPrimeMinisterofBosniauntilhewasmurderedin1993insideofaFrenchAPCataSerbcheckpoint

U

V

HansvandenBroek:NetherlandsMinisterofForeignAffairs(November1982-January1993)

HansvanMierlo:DutchForeignMinister(1994-1998)

CyrusVance:formerUSSecretaryofState(1977-1980),SpecialEnvoyoftheUNSecretary-GeneralforCroatia,andUNSpecialEnvoytoBosnia

AlexanderVershbow:SeniorDirectorforEurope,USNationalSecurityCouncil(1994-1997)

RichardVincent:FieldMarshal,BaronofColeshill,ChairoftheMilitarycommitteeofNATO

PhilippvonRecklinghausen:GermanjournalistinSrebrenica

YorisVoorhoeve:Netherlandsdefenseminister(1994-1998)

YuliVorontsov:PermanentRepresentativeoftheRussianFederationtotheUN(1991-1994)

W

Lars-EricWahlgren:LieutenantGeneral,ForceCommanderofUNPROFOR(March–June1993)

JenonneWalker:Europedirector,NationalSecurityCouncil(1993-1995)

JohnWeston:UKPermanentRepresentativeontheNorthAtlanticCouncil(NATO)(1992-1995)

CeesWiebes:Dutchauthor,wroteIntelligenceandtheWarinBosnia:1992-1995

ManfredWörner:7thSecretary-GeneralofNATO(July1988-August1994)

X

Y

BorisYeltsin:PresidentoftheRussianFederation(1991-1999)

Z

JovanZametica:BosnianSerbspokesmanandpoliticalconsultant

ZeidRa’adal-Hussein:politicalofficer,UNPF1994-1996

MilenkoŽivanović:BosnianSerbMajor-General,CommanderinDrinaCorps

Acronyms

ABC:AmericanBroadcastingCompany

AK-47:selective-fireassaultrifleorKalashnikov

APC:armoredpersonnelcarrier

AWAC:airbornewarningandcontrolsystem(communicationsaircraft)

BBC:BritishBroadcastingCorporation

BH:Bosnia-Herzegovina

BSA:BosnianSerbArmy

CAS:CloseAirSupport

ChapterVI:termreferringto“classicpeacekeeping”asdescribedinChapterVIoftheUNCharter

ChapterVII:termreferringto“peaceenforcement”asdescribedinChapterVIIoftheUNCharter

CIA:USCentralIntelligenceAgency

CNN:CableNewsNetwork

CO:CommandingOfficer

DPKO:UNDepartmentofPeacekeepingOperations

DRC:DemocraticRepublicofCongo

Dutchbat:DutchbattalionofUNPROFOR

EA-6BProwler:twin-engine,four-seat,mid-wingelectronicwarfareaircraft

EBBSTREAMS:“MustbeaSerb”

EF-111:electronicwarfareaircraft

EU:EuropeanUnion

F-15:twin-engine,all-weathertacticalfighterjet

F-16:single-enginemultirolefighteraircraft

FNL:NationalForcesofLiberation,politicalpartyinBurundi

HQ:Headquarters

ICRC:InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross

ICTY:InternationalCriminalTribunalfortheformerYugoslavia

IFOR:NATO-ledImplementationForce,OperationJointEndeavour(December1995-December1996)

IMSM:InternationalMilitaryStaffMemorandum

Intel:militaryintelligence

JCO:JointCommissionObserver

MID:Netherlandsmilitaryintelligenceservice

MSF:MédecinsSansFrontières

NATO:NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization

NID:NationalIntelligenceDaily

NIOD:NetherlandsInstituteforWar,HolocaustandGenocideStudies

NSC:USNationalSecurityCouncil

OP:ObservationPost

PDB:President’sDailyBrief

PDD:PresidentialDecisionDirective

PTT:PostofficebuildinginSrebrenica(Postes,TélécommunicationsetTélédiffusion)

“recce”:reconnaissancemission

RRF:RapidReactionForce

RS:RepublikaSrpska

SA-7Launcher:man-portable,shoulder-fired,low-altitude,surface-to-airmisslesystem

SAS:SpecialAirService,Britishintelligenceunit

SectorNE:SectorNortheast,headquartersinTuzla

SFOR:NATO-ledStabilizationForceinBosniaandHerzegovina(Jan1996-December2005)

SG:UNSecretary-General

SRSG:UNSpecialRepresentativeoftheSecretary-General

UK:UnitedKingdom

UN:UnitedNations

UNCRO:UnitedNationsConfidenceRestorationOperationinCroatia

UNHCR:UNHighCommissionerforRefugees

UNMO:UNMilitaryObserver

UNPROFOR:UNProtectionForce

UNSC:UnitedNationsSecurityCouncil

US:UnitedStates

USUN:UnitedStatesMissiontotheUnitedNations

WEU:WesternEuropeanUnion

WFP:WorldFoodProgramme