international best practices in universal design
TRANSCRIPT
InternationalBest Practices inUniversal DesignA Global Review
March 2006
In Partnership with:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Human Resources and Social Development Canada
Treasury Board of Canada
Handisam, The Swedish Agency for Disability Policy
National Disability Authority of Ireland
Rehabilitation International
Revised EditionAugust 2007
InternationalBest Practices inUniversal DesignA Global Review
March 2006
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis project was funded by a number of Canadian Government organizations under the leadership of the Canadian Human Rights Commission. The Commission would like to thank the following for the financial and administrative support:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
The Office for Disability Issues, Human Resources and Social
Development Canada
Treasury Board of Canada
Other support was received from:
Handisam, The Swedish Agency for Disability Policy
National Disability Authority, Ireland
Rehabilitation International
This document has been prepared by:
Betty Dion Enterprises Ltd.
With assistance from:
Andrés Balcázar de la Cruz
David Rapson
Elisabet Svensson
and Marnie Peters
Art work courtesy of Philip Dion
DISCLAIMERThe consultants and contributors to this document have made every reasonable effort to make thisreference document accurate and authoritative, but do not warrant, and assume no liability for the accuracy or completeness of the information or its fitness for any particular purpose. It is theresponsibility of users to apply their professional knowledge in the use of the information containedin this document, in consultation with their architect or other professional.
Photos of design elements are shown as examples only and any products, services or organizations shownor indirectly implied in this document do not imply endorsement by Betty Dion Enterprises Ltd. (BDEL),the International Commission on Technology and Accessibility (ICTA), the Canadian Human RightsCommission (CHRC) or any of the other partners of the funding consortium.
CONTACT INFORMATION
Betty Dion Enterprises Limited458 Melbourne Ave.Ottawa, ON K2A 1W3CANADA
PERMISSION TO REPRODUCECopying for distribution of this document is restricted. For permission to reproduce the information inthis publication for commercial or advertising purposes, please email: [email protected]
© Canadian Human Rights Commission
Cat. No. HR21-64/2007EISBN 978-0-662-45717-6
Aussi offert en français sous le titre Pratiques exemplaires de conception universelle à l’échelleinternationale : Examen général – Mars 2006.
This publication is available upon request in alternative formats.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1] Introduction and background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Process and Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Expert Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Acronyms and Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2] Building Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Anthropometrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Access Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Auditorium, Arena and Assembly Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Bathtubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Benches and Picnic Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Cafeterias and Restaurants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Computer Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Curb Ramps, Crossings and Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Detectable Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Drinking Fountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Elevators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Entrances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Fire Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Handrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Kitchens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Lodging and Transient Accommodations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Meeting, Board and Training Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Passenger Drop-Off and Pickup Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Telephones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Washrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Individual Washrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Workstations (including Computer Rooms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
3] Best Practices: Examples and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
4] AppendixBibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
1] INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
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In 2000, the first comparative study of accessibility criteria in codes and standards from around the worldwas published. The International Best Practices in Universal Design: A Comparative Study was preparedby Betty Dion Enterprises Ltd. for Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The study compared the CanadianB651-M95 Barrier-Free Design Standard, the National Building Code of Canada with other internationalcodes and standards. This research compared accessibility codes and standards from the United Kingdom,the U.S., China, Japan, Australia, the Nordic countries and Fiji. The study examined selected nationalaccessibility codes and standards for both buildings and landscapes, in order to determine best practicesbased upon universal design principles. In addition, examples of best practices and product information,cost and availability was included.
This study has been widely distributed to organizations of people with disabilities, governments, codedevelopers and standards organizations in over 40 countries and has been well received. It has triggeredan interest in a second broader study of accessibility design codes, standards and practices.
The number of people worldwide living with at least one disability is exponentially increasing. Thisincrease is the result of a multitude of factors; national disasters, standards of health care are increasing,the survival rates of infants born with a disability and new medical procedures are saving peoplewith traumatic injuries. As the population is aging and medical technology improves, an increasingpercentage of the worldwide population are living independently with an accompanying growth in the number of people.
ICTA Global
The International Commission on Technology and Accessibility, or ICTA Global, is a commission under theauspices of Rehabilitation International, an international not for profit non-governmental organization.ICTA is concerned with all areas of accessibility: primarily habitat, transportation, and communications,assistive technologies and accessible web design. The International Commission on Technology and Accessibility (ICTA) Global plays a leadership role in supporting and promoting “Universal Design –Inclusive Design – Design for All” around the world.
Best Practices
Best practices in universal design is defined as building practices and procedures that comply withuniversal design principles and provide affordable design practices that meet the needs of the widestpossible range of people who use of facility.
Not all best practices apply in the same situation and therefore all technical specifications must becarefully considered and discussed together with local authorities, architects and building owners. Onebest practice cannot always be applicable to people in different countries around the world. That is the reason for the development of local standards that respect and recognize local conditions, bothgeographic and political. These “best practices” are only a guideline that should be used in conjunctionwith local expertise. These are provided to enhance public understanding of accessibility issues, andwhere relevant, they may be used as resources in the development of other national or local standards.
This document is not intended as an international standard but rather as a compilation of existingtechnical specifications. At the international level, the International Standards Organization (ISO) isworking to develop ISO TC 59/SC 16 Accessibility and Usability of the Built Environment.
Process and MethodologyThe ambitious goal of this document is to compare accessibility codes and standards from around theworld to provide a compendium of research data and insight into the latest trends in accessible design.
Building code specifications provide the mandatory minimum technical specifications for the builtenvironment. In some cases, the minimum code requirements are supplemented by comments andsuggestions and voluntary accessibility standards which provide a higher standard for architects andbuilders to achieve.
Universal Design, Design for All and Inclusive Design all provide guiding principles that promotedesign that considers the needs of everyone. These principles seek to create an environment that isusable by the greatest number of users, regardless of ability. Implementing these design principlesresults in a higher level of performance than the requirements found in building codes and standards.
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Code Selection and Review
Only half of the countries around the work have developed accessibility criteria in their building codesand standards, as reported by the Special Rapporteur to the United Nations. While some countrieshave well developed technical specifications, others are still introducing accessibility into theirbuilding codes.
To ensure that this document would be representative of all regions of the world, a geographicrepresentation of both developed and developing countries was selected.
In some jurisdictions there are multiple documents which cover accessibility requirements for the builtenvironment. Accessibility requirements may be integrated in the national building code of somecountries, while in others, there may be a separate accessibility standard which is a requirement inselected jurisdictions.
The most current accessibility code or standard available for the selected country was examined, utilizingthe mandatory code to facilitate a fair comparison of the minimum requirements for each country.Only the adopted standard or code was selected. All of the documents used in this comparison studyare available to the public, either through contacting the code or standard regulatory authority or via the internet.
Each code or standard was thoroughly reviewed and analyzed for inclusion in the tables representingthirty one design elements. If multiple dimensions were provided, the mandatory minimum was selectedto ensure a fair comparison of common elements.
The Expert Panel
The Expert Panel is comprised of leading internationally recognized experts in the field of universaldesign and the built environment. These individuals have participated in the development of bothdomestic and international accessibility codes and standards, and are experts in designing for thewide range of human functioning, including people with disabilities. They represent experts in boththe developed and developing regions of the world.
The raw data was sent to the Expert Panel for analysis and they were invited to select the bestpractice of the technical specifications from the selected countries. The best practice was not necessarilythe largest dimension, as considerations such as cost, construction and implementation were all considerations. Determination of best universal design practices was based upon a process of consensus.Results from the Expert Panel were aggregated and compiled to complete the task of determining best practices.
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Expert PanelEduardo Álvarez
Eduardo Álvarez is the Chair of the International Organization for StandardizationTechnical Committee ISO TC 59/SC 16 Accessibility and Usability of the BuiltEnvironment. The Technical Secretariat has been held by AENOR (Spain StandardsInstitute) since its creation in 2001.
He is the coordinator of the Technical Committee CT143 Accessibility of the PanAmerican Standards Commission (COPANT), Technical Secretariat held by UNIT (UruguayStandards Institute), since its creation in 1992. He is the past president of ICTA-LA (RIInternational Commission of Technology and Accessibility – Latin America) 2000-2004.
Eduardo is a professor and co-author of the Basic Course to Accessibility of the “Real Patronato sobreDiscapacidad de España” since 1989. He has presented courses on accessibility throughout South andCentral America (Brazil, Chile, México, Argentina, Venezuela and Uruguay among many others).
Eduardo is a Head Member of AyA (Accessibility and Architecture) International Consultant integratedby professionals from Spain, Brazil, Colombia and Uruguay. He is a consultant architect of theInter-American Development Bank and completed work with the World Bank and the Pan AmericanHealth Organization.
Andrés Balcázar de la Cruz
Andrés Balcázar de la Cruz is an architect who has been involved in the disabilitymovement since 1995. He is an independent accessibility consultant and has conductedaccessibility audits for several private and governmental facilities, includingMexico’s Congress Building.
His latest works include: A study of the situation of school accessibility in Mexicoand the development of accessibility guidelines for the Ministry of Public Education.He has also been working on a Diagnostic on the Situation and Monitoring ofHuman Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Mexico for the Japan InternationalCooperation Agency (JICA).
Andrés has collaborated with Tom Rickert from Access Exchange International translating the AEINewsletter, and translating into Spanish the accessibility guidelines for the Colombian Bus RapidTransit System. He has also been an international speaker about accessibility and universal design.
Pierre Legault
Pierre Legault is a registered engineer in several Canadian provinces. He has beeninvolved with accessibility and related activities for persons with disabilities since theearly 1990’s, and has extensive experience in institutional and industrial projects.
Pierre has considerable experience dealing with both policy development and thetechnical implementation of issues related to accessibility in the built environment.He was the Chair of the Canadian Federal Government’s Treasury Board Committeeresponsible for updating the 1993 edition of the Federal Accessibility Policy foremployees with disabilities and was the federal project lead in the development of the 2000 Best Practices Study on Universal Design.
Pierre is currently with the Canadian Department of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada as the coordinatorfor accessibility retrofits and universal design projects.
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Elisabet Svensson
Elisabet Svensson graduated as an architect from Lund Institute of Technology atLund University in 1970. She was employed from 1970 to 1975 as a consultingarchitect and from 1975 to 1977 at a governmental institute for building research.
She has worked with accessibility issues since 1977; from 1977 to 2001 at the SwedishHandicap Institute, from 2002 to 2005 at the National Accessibility Centre at theOffice of the Disability Ombudsman, and since 2006 at Handisam (the Agency forHandicap policy).
Elisabet is the author of several books and manuals about accessibility, includingthe handbook Bygg ikapp handikapp (published 1989, 2nd revision 2001) andMuseum för alla – I Norden (published 2000). She is the co-author to the Guidelines
for an Accessible Public Administration (published 2003) and participated in the European projectPRESCO (Practical Recommendation on Sustainable Constructions).
Elisabet is a member of EIDD Sweden (European Institute for design and disability), the network ECA(European Concept of Accessibility), and a member of ISO TC 59/SC 16 Standard on the Accessibilityand Usability of Built Environment.
Riadh R. Tappuni, Ph.D. Arch
Riadh Tappuni is currently the Chief, Social Development Division, UN Economic andSocial Commission for Western Asia. In 1994 he was delegated to advise on thereconstruction of downtown Beirut, which resulted in devising standards, applyingthem and publishing a manual on barrier free design. In 1999 he undertook a oneyear assignment as the housing reconstruction coordinator in Western Kosovo.
In addition to a long career in international development, Riadh Tappuni has sincethe early nineties, promoted the importance of the social dimension in urban planningand architecture, addressing the crucial link between social development and urbandesign. Leading a program on urban development at UN-ESCWA, Mr. Tappuni assistscountries of the region in devising policies for the development of cities.
Mr. Tappuni’s publications have recently focused on urban inclusion as a rationale for the developmentof cities, especially those suffering from conflict. He presently coordinates UNESCWA post conflictreconstruction projects. Published works include: The Reconstruction of South Lebanon, Assessing Needsand Defining Priorities, Planning for Accessibility for the Disabled in Palestine, in a monograph onUrban and Rural Reconstruction in Palestine: Issues, Options, Policies and Strategies, Access for theDisabled in the Urban Environment.
C. J. Walsh
By profession an architect, fire engineer and technical controller, C.J.Walsh is aConsultant Architect with Sustainable Design International Ltd. – a multi-disciplinarydesign, research and consultancy practice based in Ireland, Italy and Turkey.
In 2003, European Year of People with Disabilities, he was a Member of the EuropeanUnion Expert Group on Accessibility. The following year, 2004, he was a Member of the European Union Working Group of Experts on Urban Environment Research.He is an active and long-standing Member of International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) Working Commission 14: Fire.
He is author of the 1998 European Charter on Sustainable Design and Construction, and the 2004 Rio de Janeiro Declaration on Sustainable Social Development, Disability and Ageing.
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Glossary of termsAccess Aisle – Clear, level area parallel to a parking space for people with mobility disabilities to get in or out of a car or van.
Accessible Parking – Parking spaces which are useable by people with mobility and stamina limitations.
Accessible Route – A continuous, unobstructed path connecting all accessible elements and spaces of a building or facility.
Adaptable Design – Easily renovated to create a barrier-free environment.
Areas of Refuge – An area separate from the general floor area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating at least equal to that required for an exit, that is smoke protected andserved by an exit or a firefighters elevator. It should also be a size that allows a minimum floorspace of 850 x 1200 mm per non-ambulatory occupant, with no fewer than 2 such spaces.
Assistive Device – A device assists users in accomplishing day-to-day functions. For example: a wheelchair, walker, cane.
Assistive Listening Systems – Improves sound reception for persons with hearing disabilities by providing amplification while blocking out unwanted background noise.
Barrier Free-Design – Creating environments that are approachable and useable by people with disabilities.
Bollard – Usually a 900 mm high post to mark pedestrian path from vehicular traffic.
Clear Width – Horizontal opening with no obstructions.
Curb Ramps – Sloped area cut into curb.
Detectable Indicator/Directional Indicator – A tactile surface feature built in or applied to walkingsurfaces to act as a wayfinding guide or orientation cue for people who are visually impaired. (Often a paver insert composed of tactile raised lines applied in the direction of pedestrian travel.)
Detectable Warning – A standardized tactile surface feature built in or applied to walking surfaces orother elements to warn visually impaired people of upcoming hazards. (Often a paver insert composedof tactile raised truncated domes, applied perpendicular to the hazard.)
Edge Protection – To ensure that the wheels of a wheelchair do not veer off a ramp or landing whenthe sides of ramps and landings are not at grade or adjacent to a wall.
Flare – A sloped surface that flanks a curb ramp and provides a graded transition between the ramp andthe sidewalk. Flares bridge differences in elevation and are intended to prevent ambulatory pedestriansfrom tripping. Flares are not considered part of the accessible route.
Grade – The slope parallel to the direction of travel that is calculated by dividing the vertical changein elevation by the horizontal distance covered.
Guard – Protective barrier to prevent accidental falls at openings in floors and at the open sides of stairs, landings, balconies, mezzanines and ramps. Handrail supports often act as guards.
Infrared System – Specialized sound system that converts sound into infrared light; the light is reconverted into sound by a portable receiver.
Luminance Contrast – Occurs when there is not only a contrast in colour between a surface and it’sbackground, but there is a luminance factor to the surface which provides a slightly reflective quality,further highlighting an area from the background.
Multiple Leaf Doors – Two or more doors separated only by a door frame. Each door is called a leaf.
Nosing – Overhanging edge of a stair tread, usually half rounded.
Obstacle – An object that limits the vertical passage space, protrudes into the circulation route, or reduces the clearance width of a sidewalk or trail.
Principal Entrance – An entrance used most frequently by the public and building occupants.
Ramp – Any slope greater than 1:20 (5%).
Riser – Vertical portion of a step.
Run – Horizontal distance of a stair or ramp.
Roll-in Shower – To be used while staying in a wheelchair, standing, or sitting (by adding a seat to the shower stall).
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Slope – The slope of a ramp is expressed as the height to the length (i.e. 1:16 indicates for each 1 m in height, there is 16 m in length).
Tactile Cuing/Warning – A change in surface condition that provides a tactile cue to alert pedestriansof a hazardous situation.
Tactile Signs – Signs having raised letters which are interpreted or read by tracing with fingers overthe surfaces.
Text Telephone or Teletypewriter (TT/TTY) – Incorporates a keyboard that is connected to the telephoneto allow communication through typed messages.
Tread – Horizontal surface of a step.
Truncated Domes – Small domes with flattened tops that are used as tactile detectable warning indicators at transit platforms, vertical drops and curb edges.
Universal Design – Concept used to create environments that respond to the widest range of the population possible.
Visual Warnings – The use of contrasting surface colours to indicate a change in environment, such as at a curb ramp where the sidewalk changes to the street.
Wayfinding – Finding one’s way to a destination.
Winder – Tread wider at one end than the other, as in circular stairs.
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Acronyms and DocumentsADAAG – Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) and Architectural Barrier Act (ABA)Accessibility Guidelines. U.S. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board. (AccessBoard).
Australia – Design for Access and Mobility. Part 1: General Requirements for Access – New Building Work.AS 1428.1 – 2001. and Design for Access and Mobility. Part 2: Enhanced and Additional Requirements –Buildings and Facilities. AS 1428.2 – 1992. Council of Standards Australia.
Bangladesh – Bangladesh National Building Code. Housing and Building Research Institute andBangladesh Standards and Testing Institute.
CSA – CAN/CSA B651-04, Accessible Design for the Built Environment. Canadian Standards Association.
NBC – National Building Code of Canada. National Research Council.
Ireland – Building Regulations: Technical Guidance Document M – Access for People with Disabilities. Ireland.
Lebanon UN – Accessibility for the Disabled: A Design Manual for a Barrier Free Environment.Ministry of Social Affairs; National Committee for the Disabled and United Nations Economic andSocial Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA).
London AFG – Accessible Facilities Guidelines. City of London, ON, Canada.
Malaysia – Malaysian Code of Practice on the Accessibility and Mobility of Persons with Disabilities.Malaysia.
Mexico – Recomendaciones de Accesibilidad. Oficina de Representación para la Promoción eIntegración Social para Personas con Discapacidad, de la Presidencia de la República.
Philippines – Implementing Rules and Regulations as Amended of Batas Pambansa Bilang 344(Accessibility Law): An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain Buildings,Institutions, Establishments, and Other Public Utilities To Install Facilities and Other Devices”.Department of Public Works and Highways and the Department of Transportation and Communications.
Singapore – Code on Barrier-Free Accessibility in Buildings. (ver. 1.0). Building Plan Department,Building and Construction Authority.
Spain – Guía técnica de accesibilidad en la edificación 2001. Ministerio de Fomento, Centro dePublicaciones.
South Africa – South Africa Standard – Code of Practice – Accessibility of Buildings to Disabled Persons,SABS 0246 Edition 1, and South African Standard – Code of Practice for the Application of the NationalBuilding Regulations, SABS 0400-1990, first revision. The Council of the South African Bureau ofStandards.
Sweden – Building Regulation. Mandatory Provisions and General Recommendations. The Swedish Boardof Housing, Building and Planning.
Uruguay – GUIA UNIT 200:2004 Accesibilidad de las personas al entorno edificado – Niveles de accesibilidad recomendados. Instituto Uruguayo de Normas Técnicas, Comité Especializado deNormalización, sobre Accesibilidad al Medio Físico.
2] BUILDING ELEMENTS
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ANTHROPOMETRICSAnthropometrics provide a range of “building blocks” of specific dimensions detailed for people with various mobility devices. These building blocks vary considerably, for example, the specificationfor the eye level of persons seated in a wheelchair (3) ranges from 1000 mm (Spain) to 1330 mm(Lebanon), quite a wide range. Research is increasingly demonstrating the wide range in the lengthof different types of mobility devices.
The seat height of a person sitting in a wheelchair (5) is in the range of 450 - 500 mm (Lebanon) witharmrests (8) ranging between 660 to 760 mm. The length of a wheelchair (9) as specified by Canada,Spain and Singapore is 1200 mm with Mexico and the Philippines providing a longer dimension,while the Canada AFG Guideline specifies 1370 mm, as they include the length of both scootersand power wheelchairs in this dimension.
The minimum clear floor area of a manual wheelchair (10) ranges from 700 x 1200 mm in Spain to760 x 1370 mm in the AFG Guideline, while the Expert Panel judges the best practice to be 800 x1300 mm. The minimum clear floor area (11) to allow access for people using manual wheelchairs isconsistently reported at 1500 x 1500 mm.
The minimum diameter for turning a wheelchair (19) is generally 1500 mm with 2250 mm requiredfor turning a power wheelchair (20), and 1350 mm required for turning a scooter (21). Theselarger dimensions reflect the wide range of mobility devices that are increasingly posing a challengeto designers around the world.
Obstructions or protrusions (25) that could be hazardous to persons with visual impairments who usea white cane or guide dog for mobility should be avoided, although Canada, Singapore and Lebanonare the only countries that specify that protrusions are not permissible in the pedestrian path of travel.
The clear width for someone walking with crutches (14) ranges from 900 mm (Lebanon) to 1200 mm(Mexico), with 1200 mm accommodating the widest ranges. Similarly for a person walking with a guidedog (16), it is estimated to require a similar clear width of 1200 mm.
The maximum forward reach range (25) for a person seated in a wheelchair is 1200 mm, and theminimum forward reach (26) ranges in height from 250 mm specified by Australia to 700 mm specifiedby the Philippines. The maximum forward reach over an obstruction (28) is 500 mm.
The side reach above the floor (29) for someone seated in a wheelchair ranges from 1220 mmspecified by the U.S. to 1700 mm specified by Lebanon, with the minimum side reach (30) rangingfrom 230 to 450 mm. There is a great variety in anthropometric data for people seated inwheelchairs.
The height of controls at operating mechanisms (34) range from 400 - 1250 mm. An interesting additionto criteria for operating controls is the requirement for tactile and or auditory information (37) to ensure that the devices are universally accessible to all users now required by both Canada andSweden.
Counter height (41) ranges from 730 to 915 mm, with the Expert Panel selecting 730 - 850 mm to meetthe widest range of users. The clear floor area for a forward approach to a counter or table (46) or aside approach is 800 x 1300 mm.
A comment from CSA regarding the size of all of the larger mobility devices is a recommendation thata 1500 mm long footprint be used as a best practice.
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air
Dim
ensi
on1
Fold
ed w
heel
chai
r w
idth
300
300
300
2W
heel
chai
r op
en w
idth
660
600
700
600
- 75
068
060
0 -
750
760
600
- 75
0
3He
ight
of
eyes
of
pers
ons
sitt
ing
in a
whe
elch
air
1100
- 1
300
1090
- 1
290
1005
- 1
245
1100
- 1
300
1220
1160
- 1
330
1000
- 1
300
4La
p he
ight
of
a pe
rson
sitt
ing
in a
whe
elch
air
675
600
555
- 70
567
560
0 -
640
555
- 70
5
5Se
at h
eigh
t of
a p
erso
n si
ttin
g in
a w
heel
chai
r48
048
053
048
045
0 -
500
450
- 50
0
6To
e he
ight
of
a pe
rson
sitt
ing
in a
whe
elch
air
200
205
168
- 19
020
018
0 -
220
180
- 22
0
7Ha
ndle
hei
ght
of a
whe
elch
air
920
930
1090
920
900
- 11
0090
0 -
1100
8Ar
mre
st h
eigh
t of
a w
heel
chai
r76
073
0 -
760
700
760
660
- 69
070
0 -
760
9Le
ngth
of
whe
elch
air
1200
1030
- 1
220
1200
1100
- 1
300
1200
1100
1370
1100
- 1
300
Floo
r Ar
ea10
Min
imum
cle
ar f
loor
are
a to
ac
com
mod
ate
a si
ngle
sta
tiona
ry
man
ual w
heel
chai
r an
d oc
cupa
nt75
0 x
1200
760
x 12
2087
0 x
1220
700
x 12
0075
0 x
1300
900
x 12
0080
0 x
1300
700
x 12
5076
0 x
1370
800
x 13
00
11M
inim
um c
lear
flo
or a
rea
to
acco
mm
odat
e a
sing
le s
tatio
nary
m
anua
l whe
elch
air
and
occu
pant
fo
r a
U-tu
rn15
00 x
150
015
25 x
152
515
00 x
150
015
00 x
150
015
00 x
150
018
00 x
180
024
40 x
244
015
00 x
150
0
12M
inim
um c
lear
are
a to
allo
w
acce
ss fo
r bo
th fo
rwar
d an
d si
de
appr
oach
es12
00 x
120
012
20 x
122
013
00 x
130
012
00 x
120
013
00 x
130
013
70 x
137
013
70 x
137
0
13Th
e flo
or a
rea
for
an a
ppro
ach
may
incl
ude
part
of
the
knee
cl
eara
nce
unde
r an
ele
men
tye
sye
sye
sye
s
14Co
mfo
rtab
le w
alki
ng w
idth
for
pers
ons
usin
g cr
utch
es92
012
0012
9092
010
0090
012
00
15Co
mfo
rtab
le fo
rwar
d de
tect
ion
rang
e fo
r a
pers
on u
sing
a lo
ng
whi
te c
ane
900
- 15
0012
0017
7070
090
0 -
1500
Canadian human rights commission 11
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
16A
pers
on w
ho u
ses
a gu
ide
dog
requ
ires
a co
mfo
rtab
le c
lear
w
alkw
ay w
idth
of
1200
760
- 80
076
012
00
17M
inim
um c
lear
flo
or a
rea
to
acco
mm
odat
e a
sing
le s
tatio
nary
po
wer
chai
r or
sco
oter
and
oc
cupa
nt75
0 x
1500
660
x 13
7080
0 x
1300
18M
inim
um c
lear
flo
or a
rea
to
acco
mm
odat
e a
sing
le s
tatio
nary
w
alke
r an
d oc
cupa
nt63
5 x
710
635
x 71
0
Turn
ing
Diam
eter
19M
inim
um d
iam
eter
for
clea
r 20
70 x
154
0tu
rnin
g sp
ace
at t
oe le
vel
(180
tur
n),
for
a w
heel
chai
r to
tur
n
2250
x 2
250
180/
360˚
1500
1500
1525
1600
1300
1500
1500
1800
(360
tur
n)
1500
2440
1500
20M
inim
um d
iam
eter
for
clea
r
turn
ing
spac
e at
toe
leve
l for
a po
wer
whe
elch
air
to t
urn
180/
360˚
2250
1500
- 2
000
2250
21M
inim
um d
iam
eter
for
clea
r tu
rnin
g sp
ace
at t
oe le
vel f
or a
sc
oote
r to
tur
n 18
0/36
0˚31
5031
50
Obst
ruct
ion
22No
obs
truc
tion
shal
l pro
ject
into
th
e co
mfo
rtab
le w
alki
ng w
idth
no
no
for
a pe
rson
usi
ng a
whi
te c
ane
obst
ruct
ions
obst
ruct
ions
grea
ter
than
100
100
allo
wed
100
allo
wed
23Fo
r a
pers
on u
sing
cru
tche
s,
no o
bstr
uctio
n sh
all p
roje
ct in
to
nono
the
clea
r of
the
pat
h of
tra
vel
obst
ruct
ions
obst
ruct
ions
be
low
a m
inim
um h
eigh
t of
300
300
allo
wed
allo
wed
24To
be
cane
det
ecta
ble,
no
obst
ruct
ions
sha
ll be
no
high
er
obst
ruct
ions
off
the
floor
tha
n68
010
0 -
350
allo
wed
680
350
Reac
h 25
From
a w
heel
chai
r, th
e m
axim
um
forw
ard
reac
h he
ight
abo
ve t
he
floor
with
out
obst
ruct
ions
is12
0012
2012
0012
0012
2014
0012
0012
00
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
26Fr
om a
whe
elch
air,
the
min
imum
fo
rwar
d re
ach
heig
ht a
bove
the
flo
or w
ithou
t ob
stru
ctio
ns is
400
380
700
400
250
260
- 45
040
040
0
27Fr
om a
whe
elch
air,
the
max
imum
fo
rwar
d re
ach
over
an
obst
ruct
ion
for
touc
h is
600
635
500
710
- 92
063
550
0
28Fr
om a
whe
elch
air,
the
max
imum
fo
rwar
d re
ach
over
an
obst
ruct
ion
for
gras
p is
500
500
- 68
050
0
29Fr
om a
whe
elch
air,
the
max
imum
si
de re
ach
heig
ht a
bove
the
flo
or
with
out
an o
bstr
uctio
n is
1400
1220
1600
1350
1300
1350
1700
1370
1220
30Fr
om a
whe
elch
air,
the
min
imum
si
de re
ach
heig
ht a
bove
the
flo
or,
with
out
an o
bstr
uctio
n is
230
380
300
254
250
230
260
- 45
023
030
0
31Fr
om a
whe
elch
air,
the
max
imum
si
de re
ach
over
an
obst
ruct
ion
for
touc
h is
600
610
500
600
610
500
32Fr
om a
whe
elch
air,
the
max
imum
si
de re
ach
over
an
obst
ruct
ion
for
gras
p is
500
500
Cont
rols
33At
the
con
trol
s an
d op
erat
ing
mec
hani
sms
for
disp
ensi
ng
mac
hine
s th
e m
inim
um c
lear
le
vel f
loor
spa
ce s
hall
be75
0 x
1200
760
x 12
2090
0 x
1200
800
x 13
00
760
x 13
7080
0 x
1300
34Th
e ce
ntre
line
of o
pera
ting
900
- 11
00
cont
rols
sha
ll be
loca
ted
abov
e gr
asp/
turn
,th
e flo
or b
etw
een
900
- 12
00pu
sh,
suita
bly
900
- 12
50
400
- 12
0038
0 -
1220
1200
loca
ted
700
- 12
0050
0 -
1200
600
- 12
00to
uch
400
- 12
0040
0 -
1200
35Co
ntro
ls s
hall
be o
pera
ble
with
on
e ha
nd a
nd w
ithou
t tig
ht
gras
ping
, pin
chin
g or
tw
istin
g su
itabl
eof
the
wris
tye
sye
sde
sign
yes
yes
pref
erye
sye
s
36Co
ntro
ls s
hall
be o
pera
ble
with
a
forc
e of
no
mor
e th
an22
N22
.2 N
25.5
N22
N19
.5 N
22 N
19.5
N
ANTH
ROPO
MET
RICS
(fro
m p
age
11)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission12
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
37Co
ntro
l set
tings
sha
ll pr
ovid
e ta
ctile
and
/or
audi
tory
in
form
atio
n, in
clud
ing
func
tion
and
posi
tion
of c
ontr
ols
yes
yes
yes
38Op
erat
ing
cont
rols
sha
ll be
ill
umin
ated
to
a le
vel o
f at
leas
t10
0 lx
100
lx15
0 lx
100
lx15
0 lx
39Op
erat
ing
cont
rols
or
visu
al
disp
lays
whe
re re
adin
g is
ne
cess
ary
shal
l be
illum
inat
ed
to a
leve
l of
at le
ast
200
lx20
0 lx
20
0 lx
100
lx20
0 lx
40Th
e op
erat
ing
cont
rols
sha
ll be
co
lour
con
tras
ted
with
the
ir ba
ckgr
ound
yes
cont
rast
yes
yes
yes
yes
Foot
prin
t an
d Kn
eesp
ace
Requ
irem
ents
at
Coun
ters
, Ta
bles
, W
orks
tati
ons,
Lav
ator
ies
41Th
e to
p of
cou
nter
, tab
le a
nd
wor
k su
rface
or
sim
ilar
surfa
ce
heig
hts
are
betw
een
730
- 86
086
5 m
ax.
915
max
. 76
080
085
080
0 m
ax.
730
- 85
090
071
0 -
865
730
- 85
0
42W
here
a fo
rwar
d ap
proa
ch is
use
d at
a c
ount
er o
r ta
ble
ther
e sh
all
be a
cle
ar k
nee
heig
ht a
bove
the
flo
or o
f at
leas
t68
068
570
070
068
068
570
0
43W
here
a fo
rwar
d ap
proa
ch is
use
d at
a c
ount
er o
r ta
ble
ther
e sh
all
be a
cle
ar k
nee
wid
th o
f at
leas
t75
076
010
0080
080
075
076
080
0
44W
here
a fo
rwar
d ap
proa
ch is
use
d at
a c
ount
er o
r ta
ble
ther
e sh
all
be a
cle
ar k
nee
dept
h of
at
leas
t48
020
540
060
048
048
048
0
45W
here
a fo
rwar
d ap
proa
ch is
use
d at
a c
ount
er o
r ta
ble
the
clea
r kn
ee d
epth
may
ove
rlap
the
clea
r flo
or a
rea
by n
ot m
ore
than
480
480
480
480
46Th
e cl
ear
floor
are
a w
idth
and
de
pth
for
a fo
rwar
d ap
proa
ch
at a
cou
nter
or
tabl
e sh
all b
e at
leas
t75
0 x
1200
760
x 12
2075
0 x
1200
750
x 12
00
760
x 13
7080
0 x
1300
Canadian human rights commission 13
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
47Th
e cl
ear
floor
are
a w
idth
and
de
pth
for
a si
de a
ppro
ach
(the
lo
ng s
ide
para
llel t
o th
e co
unte
r or
tab
le)
at a
cou
nter
or
tabl
e sh
all b
e at
leas
t12
00 X
750
12
00 X
760
12
00 x
900
1370
x 7
6013
00 x
800
Othe
r 48
For
any
othe
r sp
atia
l re
quire
men
ts, s
ee s
ectio
n on
ACC
ESS
ROUT
ESye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
ANTH
ROPO
MET
RICS
(fro
m p
age
13)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission14
Canadian human rights commission 15
ACCESS ROUTESAccess routes include all pedestrian areas through a facility, areas serving the public as well as work areas. The degree to which access routes are required to be accessible is determined by the area having jurisdiction over the application of the codes and standards.
Canada and Singapore (3) specify that the ground surface should not be heavily patterned. Swedenspecifies that the accessible route should be even, and (5) free of any rise, but the Philippinesallows a rise up to 25 mm, and Malaysia allowing a maximum rise of 10 mm. Canada and the U.S.allow a rise of 13 mm, but require that it be beveled at a slope of 1:2. Carpeted areas (16) can createa tripping hazard if the pile is too high, thus the U.S., Sweden and Canada specify that the edge bebeveled, while Singapore allows a rise of 15 mm, with a bevel of 1:2.
The running slope is generally considered to be a ramp when it exceeds a slope of 1:20, althoughUruguay specifies 1:16 and Mexico specifies 1:12.
The illumination level (17) for the access route is specified by Spain, South Africa and Singaporeat 150 lux. This is considered a best practice.
An important consideration is to ensure that there are no protruding overhangs that might be hazardous to people who are blind or visually impaired as they make their way through abuilding interior. The height for clear headroom along the pedestrian route varies considerably with 2400 mm specified in South Africa, 2000 mm in the Philippines and Australia and 2200 mm in Uruguay.
The minimum clear width requirements also vary considerably with 900 mm in Lebanon, 1050 mm inSpain and 1300 mm in Sweden. The best practice was selected by the Expert Panel to be 1200 mmfor the clear width, however, in high traffic areas, it is recommended to be 1830 mm.
The clear floor area for a manual wheelchair varies slightly as building standards have begun tograpple with the increased size of some wheelchairs. The design of wheelchairs has evolved toaccommodate users who are increasingly taller, broader or are equipped with ventilators or otherequipment. The U.S. specified 760 x 1220 mm, Singapore 900 x 1200 mm and Australia 800 x 1300 mm.The size of wheelchairs varies from country to country, dependent of the human anthropometrics andthe various manufacturers.
Clear width requirement for line-up guides or queing guides have been introduced in various standards,specifying 900 to 1060 mm, with manoeuvring space of 1500 x 1500 mm (Canada) at the beginning,end and where there is a change in direction. Also noteworthy is the requirement that line-up guidesare required to be detectable by a blind person using a cane (41) with the requirement that thebottom edge should be at a cane detectable maximum height of 350 mm.
Detectable hazard indicators (a noticeable change in texture) are required at the edge of drop-offsin Canada, Sweden, and Singapore.
An interesting comment from Singapore relating to the Access Route includes the recommendationthat open jointed pavers or aeration concrete blocks be avoided in open areas as they may cause atripping hazard. Valuable wayfinding recommendations include the use of ceiling lights to orientpeople along walkways and the use of contrasting colour luminance at base boards, walls and doors. These recommendations assist everyone in delineating the access route and will beparticularly useful to people with limited vision and people with autism or cognitive disabilities.
Surf
aces
1Th
e flo
or a
nd g
roun
d su
rface
s sh
all b
e st
able
, firm
and
slip
re
sist
ant
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
2Th
e flo
or a
nd g
roun
d su
rface
s sh
all p
rodu
ce m
inim
al g
lare
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
3Th
e flo
or a
nd g
roun
d su
rface
s sh
all n
ot b
e he
avily
pat
tern
edye
sye
sye
s
4A
chan
ge in
leve
l or
rise
betw
een
0 -
6 m
m o
n ac
cess
ible
rout
es
may
be
vert
ical
. (Ex
cept
for
beve
l at
0 -
15, m
ax.
elev
ator
s, e
leva
ting
devi
ces,
sl
ope
of u
p sh
ould
be
grad
ient
and
curb
ram
ps)
yes
to 1
:2ye
sev
enbe
vel a
t 1:
2ye
s10
mm
max
. of
1:2
yes
yes
5A
vert
ical
ris
e be
twee
n up
to
25
7 -
13 m
m o
n ac
cess
ible
rout
es,
beve
lled
atbe
velle
d at
beve
lled
atpe
rmitt
ed,
0 -
15 b
evel
beve
lled
beve
lled
(exc
ept
for
elev
ator
s, e
leva
ting
slop
e of
slop
e of
slop
e of
shou
ld b
ew
ith ra
mp
at s
lope
of
at s
lope
of
at s
lope
of
devi
ces,
and
cur
b ra
mps
) s
hall
beup
to
1:2
up t
o 1:
2up
to
1:2
even
pref
erre
d10
mm
max
.up
to
1:2
up t
o 1:
2up
to
1:2
6Fo
r a
vert
ical
ris
e ov
er 1
3 m
m o
n ris
e 0
- 15
acce
ssib
le ro
utes
(ex
cept
for
chan
ges
ingr
ade
of 1
:2,
elev
ator
s, e
leva
ting
devi
ces,
and
le
vel g
reat
erris
e 15
- 5
0 cu
rb ra
mps
)th
an 2
5 ve
rtic
al r
ise
grad
e 1:
5,pe
rmitt
ed,
of u
p to
25
rise
50 -
200
trea
t as
ano
t st
eepe
rtr
eat
as a
trea
t as
aa
suita
ble
perm
itted
,gr
ade
1:10
,ra
mp,
not
th
an t
hera
mp
or c
urb
ram
p or
cur
b sh
ould
be
trea
t ra
mp
to b
e w
ith ra
mp
rise
200
+ sh
ould
be
trea
t as
ast
eepe
r th
an
ratio
of
1:12
ram
pra
mp
even
as ra
mp
prov
ided
pref
erre
dgr
ade
1:12
ram
ped
ram
p1:
12
7Cr
oss
slop
e of
an
acce
ssib
le ro
ute
not
to e
xcee
d th
e ra
tio o
f1:
50 (
2%)
1:48
1:50
1:50
1:50
1:40
1:10
01:
401:
501:
501:
50
8Ru
nnin
g sl
ope
of a
n ac
cess
ible
1:
12 in
terio
r, ro
ute
not
to e
xcee
d th
e ra
tio o
f 1:
20 (
5%)
1:20
1:12
1:16
1:20
ext
erio
r1:
201:
201:
201:
251:
20
9Th
e ru
nnin
g sl
ope
of a
n ac
cess
ible
rout
e be
com
es
desi
gnat
ed a
s a
ram
p or
cu
rb ra
mp
if st
eepe
r th
an1:
201:
201:
201:
201:
201:
201:
251:
20
10Gr
atin
gs in
a p
edes
tria
n ar
ea
shal
l be
in o
ne d
irect
ion,
an
d ha
ve s
paci
ng w
idth
s no
grea
ter
than
1313
1315
1013
1213
1313
10
ACCE
SS R
OUTE
S
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission16
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
11Gr
atin
gs s
hall
be p
lace
d so
th
at t
he lo
ng d
imen
sion
is
perp
endi
cula
r to
the
prim
ary
dire
ctio
n of
tra
vel
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
12Ca
rpet
or
carp
et t
ile a
re s
ecur
ely
not
be a
fast
ened
yes
yes
trip
ris
kye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
13Ca
rpet
or
carp
et t
iles
shal
l hav
e a
firm
cus
hion
, und
er p
addi
ng,
not
be a
or
bac
king
whe
re p
rovi
ded
yes
yes
trip
ris
kye
sye
sye
sye
s
14Ca
rpet
or
carp
et t
iles
shal
l hav
e 13
a
com
bine
d ca
rpet
and
pad
hei
ght
(car
pet
only,
of
no
mor
e th
an
pad
not
not
be a
av
oid
thic
k6
613
perm
itted
)tr
ip r
isk
pile
car
pets
(pile
hei
ght)
13(p
ile h
eigh
t)
15Ca
rpet
or
carp
et t
ile s
hall
have
le
vel l
oop,
leve
l loo
p,le
vel l
oop,
leve
l loo
p,a
low,
firm
, and
leve
l pile
or
loop
text
ured
te
xtur
ed
text
ured
te
xtur
ed
loop
, lev
elth
ick
pile
a fir
mlo
op, l
evel
lo
op, l
evel
loop
, lev
el
cut
pile
carp
ets
shal
lcu
shio
n,cu
t pi
lecu
t pi
le
cut
pile
or le
vel c
ut/
not
be a
be s
tric
tlypa
d or
or le
vel c
ut/
or le
vel c
ut/
or le
vel c
ut/
yes
uncu
t pi
letr
ip r
isk
avoi
ded
back
ing
uncu
t pi
leun
cut
pile
uncu
t pi
le
16Th
e ex
pose
d ed
ges
of c
arpe
t or
ca
rpet
tile
sha
ll ha
ve t
rim o
n th
e ye
s an
d if
expo
sed
edge
, whe
re t
rim;
betw
een
0 -
6 m
m m
ay b
e ve
rtic
al,
0 -
15 a
max
.7
- 13
mm
bev
elle
d bu
t no
t gr
adie
ntst
eepe
r th
an t
he ra
tio o
f 1:
2ye
sye
sye
sof
1:2
yes
yes
17Bu
ildin
g el
emen
ts s
uch
as
circ
ulat
ion
rout
es a
nd re
st a
reas
sh
all b
e ill
umin
ated
at
grou
nd
leve
l to
a le
vel o
f at
leas
t10
0 lx
150
lx15
0 lx
150
lx50
lx15
0 lx
Hea
d Ro
om18
The
clea
r he
adro
om h
eigh
t in
21
50 in
terio
r,pe
dest
rian
area
s su
ch a
s 25
00 e
xter
ior,
2000
, 195
0w
alkw
ays,
hal
ls, c
orrid
ors,
or
2200
, 200
021
00 s
tairs
,in
hig
hly
aisl
es s
hall
be a
t le
ast
stai
rs, e
scap
e22
00, 2
000
2400
, 200
020
30 s
ervi
ce
rest
ricte
d20
3019
8020
3018
0022
00ro
utes
stai
rs21
00es
cape
rout
esar
eas
2000
2000
2000
2000
spac
es21
0020
30
19W
here
hea
droo
m in
a p
edes
tria
n ar
ea is
less
tha
n 20
30 m
m f
rom
th
e flo
or, a
gua
rdra
il or
oth
er
barri
er s
hall
be p
rovi
ded
with
its
dete
ctab
lele
adin
g ed
ge n
o hi
gher
abo
ve
ther
e sh
all
by a
per
son
the
floor
tha
n68
068
068
5be
a b
arrie
r10
0 -
350
yes
usin
g a
cane
580
680
350
Canadian human rights commission 17
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
Prot
rudi
ng O
bjec
ts20
The
lead
ing
edge
of
a gu
ard,
ba
rrier
or
prot
rudi
ng o
bjec
t sh
all
prot
rusi
ons
be a
t a
heig
ht o
f68
068
068
510
0 -
350
not
allo
wed
580
680
350
21Fo
r a
prot
rudi
ng o
bjec
t at
a
heig
ht b
etw
een
680
- 20
30,
300,
with
the
max
imum
allo
wab
le
barri
er
prot
rusi
on in
to t
he a
cces
sibl
e at
300
rout
e sh
all b
e10
010
010
015
0fro
m f
loor
100
100
100
22Pr
otru
ding
obj
ects
at
a he
ight
be
low
680
sha
ll pr
otru
de in
to t
he
prot
rusi
ons
acce
ssib
le ro
ute
a m
axim
um o
fan
y am
ount
any
amou
ntan
y am
ount
150
not
allo
wed
any
amou
ntan
y am
ount
23Pr
otru
ding
obj
ects
sha
ll no
t re
duce
cle
ar w
idth
of
an
acce
ssib
le ro
ute
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
24M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th o
f in
terio
r ac
cess
ible
rout
es92
092
091
512
0090
013
0012
0010
5011
0012
0012
0012
0010
0090
010
6012
00
25M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th fo
r sh
ort
inde
ntat
ions
of
up t
o 60
0 m
m in
le
ngth
, (in
clud
ing
door
way
s)81
081
580
095
081
5
Clea
r W
idth
/Cle
ar A
rea
26M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th a
t U-
turn
s ar
ound
an
obst
acle
less
tha
n 10
65, 1
220
1200
mm
wid
e11
00du
ring
turn
1200
1200
1200
1220
1200
27M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th a
t tu
rns
arou
nd a
n ob
stac
le g
reat
er t
han
1200
mm
wid
e92
091
510
5010
6010
60
28M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th in
hig
h tr
affic
are
as s
hall
be a
t le
ast
1500
1100
1525
1200
1200
1500
1830
1830
29M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th o
n ex
terio
r 13
00, 2
000
1000
, 125
0ac
cess
ible
rout
es s
hall
be
exte
rior
if w
alls
on
at le
ast
1500
1500
900
path
way
sbo
th s
ides
1200
1200
1000
900
1060
1500
30M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th o
n ex
terio
r ac
cess
ible
rout
es t
hat
are
1300
, 200
0ad
jace
nt t
o a
curb
ram
p sh
all
exte
rior
be a
t le
ast
920
path
way
s12
0090
095
012
00
ACCE
SS R
OUTE
S(f
rom
pag
e 17
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission18
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
31Ex
terio
r ac
cess
ible
rout
es
adja
cent
to
a ve
hicu
lar
rout
e,
shal
l be
sepa
rate
d by
a c
urb
with
a c
urb
ram
p, a
raili
ng o
r ba
rrier
, or
a de
tect
able
haz
ard
yes,
or
indi
cato
rye
sye
sye
sye
sbo
llard
sye
s
32M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th re
quire
d
on a
cces
sibl
e ro
utes
for
two
1500
, 180
0w
heel
chai
rs t
o pa
ss15
0015
2518
0018
0015
0012
0018
0018
00pr
efer
red
1830
1800
33M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th re
quire
d on
acc
essi
ble
rout
es fo
r on
e w
heel
chai
r an
d on
e w
alki
ng
pers
on t
o pa
ss15
0015
0015
2515
0015
0012
0012
0015
0012
0013
7015
25
34M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th re
quire
d
for
a w
heel
chai
r an
d a
pers
on
usin
g a
whi
te c
ane
to p
ass
in
oppo
site
dire
ctio
ns
1500
1800
1200
1800
35Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
wid
th fo
r an
ac
cess
ible
rout
e ex
cept
for
shor
t in
dent
atio
ns o
f up
to
600
mm
in
leng
th81
091
513
0012
0095
012
00
36Th
e cl
ear
floor
are
a to
ac
com
mod
ate
a si
ngle
per
son
usin
g a
whe
elch
air
(inc
ludi
ng
area
in f
ront
of
oper
atin
g co
ntro
ls a
nd a
cces
sibl
e si
gnag
e)
shal
l hav
e a
wid
th b
y de
pth
of
at le
ast
750
x 12
0076
0 x
1220
750
x 13
0090
0 x
1200
800
x 13
0076
0 x
1370
800
x 13
00
37Fo
r lo
ng p
aths
of
trav
el, r
estin
g ar
eas
shal
l be
prov
ided
off
the
path
of
trav
el a
t ap
prox
imat
e in
terv
als
of30
000
30 0
0030
000
max
. 30
000
Cont
rols
38Fo
r ad
ditio
nal r
equi
rem
ents
on
con
trol
s, s
ee s
ectio
n on
AN
THRO
POM
ETRI
CSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Line
-up
Guid
es/Q
ueui
ng G
uide
s39
Line
-up
guid
es s
hall
have
a c
lear
w
idth
of
at le
ast
920
915
900
1060
920
Canadian human rights commission 19
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
40Li
ne-u
p gu
ides
sha
ll ha
ve a
cle
ar
floor
are
a w
here
line
-ups
cha
nge
dire
ctio
n, a
nd w
here
the
y be
gin
and
end,
of
at le
ast
1500
x 1
500
1065
x 1
220
1500
x 1
500
41Li
ne-u
p gu
ides
sha
ll be
can
e de
tect
able
fro
m t
he f
loor
at
or b
elow
680
100
- 35
035
0
42Li
ne-u
p gu
ides
sha
ll be
sta
ble
mou
nted
to
and
not
mov
e ea
sily
yes
the
floor
yes
43Li
ne-u
p gu
ides
sha
ll be
col
our
cont
rast
ed w
ith t
heir
surro
undi
ngs
yes
yes
yes
44Li
ne-u
p gu
ides
sha
ll ha
ve a
gl
are-
free
surfa
ceye
sye
sye
s
Othe
r Re
quir
emen
ts45
Dete
ctab
le h
azar
d in
dica
tors
sh
all b
e lo
cate
d at
cur
b ra
mps
(s
ee t
he s
ectio
n on
CUR
B RA
MPS
for
furt
her
requ
irem
ents
)ye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
46W
here
a c
urb
ram
p, a
ped
estr
ian
stre
et c
ross
ing,
or
a pe
dest
rian
cros
sing
at
a tr
affic
isla
nd/
med
ian
beco
mes
par
t of
an
acce
ssib
le p
ath
of t
rave
l, se
e se
ctio
n on
CUR
B RA
MPS
fo
r re
quire
men
tsye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
47De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs
shal
l be
loca
ted
at a
n un
prot
ecte
d dr
op-o
ff ed
ge
(suc
h as
a t
rans
it pl
atfo
rm)
whe
re t
here
whe
re t
here
is a
cha
nge
is a
ris
k of
in e
leva
tion
grea
ter
than
250
falli
ng d
own
yes
50
48De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs s
hall
be lo
cate
d at
an
unpr
otec
ted
drop
-off
edge
(su
ch a
s a
tran
sit
plat
form
) w
here
the
slo
pe is
st
eepe
r th
an t
he ra
tio o
f 1:
3 (3
3.3%
)ye
sye
s
49De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs s
hall
be lo
cate
d at
an
unpr
otec
ted
drop
-off
edge
of
a re
flect
ing
pool
yes
yes
yes
ACCE
SS R
OUTE
S(f
rom
pag
e 19
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission20
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
50De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs
shal
l be
loca
ted
at a
n en
try
into
a
vehi
cula
r ro
ute
or a
rea
whe
re
no c
urbs
or
othe
r el
emen
ts
sepa
rate
it f
rom
the
ped
estr
ian
rout
e of
tra
vel
yes
yes
yes
51Fo
r ad
ditio
nal r
equi
rem
ents
on
dete
ctab
le w
arni
ngs,
det
ecta
ble
haza
rds,
and
det
ecta
ble
dire
ctio
nal s
urfa
ces
alon
g an
ac
cess
rout
e, s
ee s
ectio
n on
DE
TECT
ABLE
WAR
NING
SUR
FACE
Sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
52Fo
r ad
ditio
nal r
equi
rem
ents
on
han
drai
ls, s
ee s
ectio
n on
HA
NDRA
ILS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
53Fo
r re
quire
men
ts o
n be
nche
s,
picn
ic t
able
s, s
ee s
ectio
n on
BE
NCHE
S an
d PI
CNIC
TAB
LES
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
54W
here
the
re a
re d
oors
alo
ng t
he
clea
r pa
th o
f tr
avel
, see
sec
tion
on D
OORS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
55W
here
the
re is
sig
nage
alo
ng a
n ac
cess
ible
rout
e, s
ee s
ectio
n on
SI
GNAG
E fo
r re
quire
men
tsye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
56W
here
a ra
mp
beco
mes
par
t of
an
acce
ssib
le p
ath
of t
rave
l, se
e se
ctio
n on
RAM
PS fo
r re
quire
men
tsye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Canadian human rights commission 21
ACCE
SS R
OUTE
S CO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1CS
ACu
ttin
g th
e co
rner
s of
an
obst
acle
gre
ater
tha
n 12
00 m
m w
ide
will
pro
vide
add
itio
nal m
anoe
uvri
ng s
pace
.
2CS
AW
alls
at
the
end
of c
orrid
ors
shou
ld b
e co
ntra
sted
in
colo
ur o
r br
ight
ness
fro
m t
he o
ther
wal
ls a
nd f
loor
.
3CS
AW
here
win
dow
s ar
e lo
cate
d at
the
end
of
a co
rrid
or,
mea
ns s
houl
d be
use
d to
min
imiz
e gl
are.
4CS
AUs
ing
a flo
or s
urfa
ce t
hat
cont
rast
s in
col
our
and
text
ure
wit
h th
e su
rrou
ndin
g ar
ea h
elps
to
defi
ne li
ne-u
p ar
eas.
5CS
ATh
ere
shou
ld b
e a
seat
ing
area
nea
r th
e lin
e-up
loca
tion
.
6CS
ACa
rpet
s w
itho
ut u
nder
pad
ding
are
pre
ferr
ed.
7CS
ANe
w c
arpe
ts c
an p
rodu
ce o
ff-g
assi
ng,
whi
ch c
an a
ffec
t ev
eryo
ne,
but
espe
cial
ly p
eopl
e w
ith
envi
ronm
enta
l sen
siti
viti
es.
Supp
liers
can
pro
vide
car
pets
tha
t ha
ve b
een
off-
gass
ed p
rior
to i
nsta
llati
on.
8CS
AIt
is
pref
erab
le t
hat
grat
ings
not
be
loca
ted
in t
he a
cces
sibl
e pa
th o
f tr
avel
, es
peci
ally
at
the
bott
om o
f th
e ra
mp.
9CS
AEx
terio
r w
alkw
ays
shou
ld h
ave
adeq
uate
dra
inag
e to
avo
id t
he a
ccum
ulat
ion
of w
ater
.
10CS
AIr
regu
lar
surf
aces
suc
h as
cob
bles
tone
and
larg
e ex
pose
d ag
greg
ate
pavi
ng m
ake
wal
king
or
whe
elin
g di
ffic
ult
and
shou
ld b
e av
oide
d.
11CS
AH
ighl
y re
flect
ive
surf
aces
can
res
ult
in g
lare
, w
hich
is
a pr
oble
m f
or m
any
peop
le a
nd s
houl
d be
avo
ided
.
12CS
ARe
cess
ing
an o
bjec
t in
to a
wal
l (ie
: dr
inki
ng f
ount
ains
, pu
blic
tel
epho
ne e
nclo
sure
s, f
ire e
xtin
guis
hers
) av
oids
cre
atin
g a
prot
rusi
on h
azar
d.
13CS
AGu
y w
ires,
aw
ning
s, a
nd v
eget
atio
n (i
e: t
ree
bran
ches
, et
c) s
houl
d no
t ob
stru
ct a
ny p
art
of t
he a
cces
sibl
e ro
ute.
14CS
ACo
lour
con
tras
ted
bolla
rds
or c
urbs
sho
uld
be u
sed
to p
reve
nt p
arke
d ve
hicl
es f
rom
ent
erin
g th
e ac
cess
ible
circ
ulat
ion
rout
e.
15CS
ATh
e di
stan
ce b
etw
een
bolla
rds
or p
arki
ng c
urbs
sho
uld
allo
w t
he p
assa
ge o
f a
whe
elch
air
user
.
16CS
ADe
tect
able
dire
ctio
n in
dica
tors
sho
uld
be lo
cate
d in
larg
e op
en f
loor
are
as (
such
as
shop
ping
mal
ls o
r tr
ansp
orta
tion
ter
min
als)
to
faci
litat
e w
ayfi
ndin
g by
ind
icat
ing
the
prim
ary
rout
es o
f tr
avel
.
17Sw
eden
Way
findi
ng c
an b
e fa
cilit
ated
in v
ario
us w
ays
such
as:
pla
nnin
g la
yout
s w
ith
a si
mpl
e an
d lo
gica
l circ
ulat
ion
plan
wit
h ea
sy a
cces
s to
info
rmat
ion.
Als
o th
roug
h or
ient
atio
n po
ints
, by
usi
ng c
olou
r, fo
rm o
r ex
tra
illum
inat
ion
that
sta
nd o
utag
ains
t th
eir
surr
ound
ings
, or
by
givi
ng f
loor
s on
dif
fere
nt le
vels
dif
fere
nt c
olou
rs o
r ch
arac
teri
zing
the
m b
y a
sym
bol t
hat
is s
how
n on
sig
ns,
lift
pane
ls,
orie
ntat
ion
map
s, e
tc.
18Sw
eden
Acce
ss r
oute
s ha
ve t
o be
wel
l illu
min
ated
wit
h no
gla
re,
no c
onfu
sing
sha
dow
s or
poo
ls o
f lig
ht,
and
no v
isib
le o
r in
visi
ble
flick
erin
g, s
ound
or
UV
radi
atio
n.
19Sw
eden
Larg
e gl
ass
area
s th
at c
ould
be
mis
take
n fo
r op
enin
gs c
lose
to
acce
ss r
oute
s sh
ould
be
mar
ked
wit
h ba
nds
or f
ram
es w
ith
diff
eren
t lu
min
ance
fro
m t
he b
ackg
roun
d.
20So
uth
Afric
aFo
r vi
sual
ly i
mpa
ired
peop
le a
nd t
hose
wit
h fi
nger
or
hand
dis
abili
ties
, ro
cker
act
ion,
tog
gle
or p
ush
pad
swit
ches
tha
t op
erat
e in
the
ver
tica
l pla
ne s
houl
d be
use
d. P
ush
butt
ons
of li
ght
swit
ches
sha
ll pr
ojec
t cl
ear
of t
he s
wit
ch p
late
and
sha
ll ha
ve a
wid
th o
f at
leas
t 10
mm
.
21So
uth
Afric
aW
indo
ws
and
door
s sh
all n
ot o
pen
acro
ss a
wal
kway
, co
rrid
or,
stai
r or
ram
p so
tha
t th
ey o
bstr
uct
circ
ulat
ion.
22Si
ngap
ore
Whe
reve
r po
ssib
le,
exte
rior
wal
kway
s sh
ould
be
prot
ecte
d fr
om t
he e
lem
ents
.
23Si
ngap
ore
An a
cces
sibl
e pa
th s
hall
not
inco
rpor
ate
any
step
, dr
op,
stai
rway
, tu
rnst
ile,
revo
lvin
g do
or,
esca
lato
r or
oth
er i
mpe
dim
ent
whi
ch w
ould
pre
vent
it
from
bei
ng s
afel
y ne
goti
ated
.
24Si
ngap
ore
The
wal
l fin
ish
shal
l be
smoo
th o
r in
the
cas
e of
rou
gh w
alls
hav
e ha
ndra
ils.
25Si
ngap
ore
On a
cces
sibl
e ro
utes
ligh
ting
sha
ll be
uni
form
. Ex
trem
e di
ffer
ence
s in
the
leve
l of
brig
htne
ss s
houl
d be
avo
ided
.
26Si
ngap
ore
Free
sta
ndin
g ob
ject
s pl
aced
bet
wee
n 58
0 -
2000
mm
fro
m t
he f
loor
leve
l, sh
all h
ave
an o
verh
ang
of n
ot m
ore
than
300
mm
.
27Si
ngap
ore
The
max
imum
hei
ght
of t
he b
otto
m e
dge
of f
ree
stan
ding
obj
ects
wit
h a
spac
e of
mor
e th
an 3
00 m
m b
etw
een
supp
orts
sha
ll be
580
mm
fro
m t
he f
loor
leve
l.
28Si
ngap
ore
Open
joi
nted
pav
ers
or a
erat
ion
conc
rete
blo
cks
shou
ld b
e av
oide
d in
ope
n sp
aces
or
vehi
cle
park
s w
here
use
rs m
ay p
ass.
The
voi
ds i
n ae
rati
on c
oncr
ete
bloc
ks c
an c
atch
the
foo
t or
wal
king
aid
s an
d ar
e di
ffic
ult
to t
rave
rse
for
whe
elch
air
user
s.
29Si
ngap
ore
Ligh
t sw
itch
es,
coat
hoo
ks a
nd s
imila
r it
ems
shou
ld c
ontr
ast
stro
ngly
wit
h th
eir
back
grou
nds.
30Si
ngap
ore
Wal
ls a
nd c
eilin
gs s
houl
d be
fin
ishe
d in
pla
in c
olou
rs o
f lig
ht t
ones
(to
hel
p di
ffus
e lig
ht a
roun
d th
e ro
om o
r ar
ea)
and
a m
atte
fin
ish
(to
avoi
d un
wan
ted
glar
e or
ref
lect
ion)
.
31IC
TAUs
e a
cont
rast
ing
surf
ace
to d
elin
eate
a s
afe
rout
e th
roug
h a
plaz
a or
par
king
lot.
32IC
TAH
igh
visu
al c
ontr
ast
betw
een
floor
s, w
alls
, co
rner
s an
d do
ors
are
reco
mm
ende
d.
33IC
TAPr
ovid
e te
xtur
ed p
ath
of t
rave
l for
bet
ter
way
find
ing
thro
ugho
ut t
he b
uild
ing.
34IC
TAUs
e ce
iling
ligh
ts t
o di
rect
peo
ple
alon
g w
alkw
ays
in o
pen
area
s.
Canadian human rights commission22
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
35IC
TAUs
e di
ffus
ed li
ghti
ng s
ourc
es t
o re
duce
gla
re.
36IC
TALi
ghti
ng t
rans
itio
ns s
houl
d be
use
d be
twee
n da
rk a
nd li
ght
area
s.
37IC
TATo
dis
ting
uish
pat
hway
s an
d lo
cati
ons,
use
clu
es t
hat
incl
ude
chan
ges
in i
llum
inat
ion
leve
ls,
brig
ht c
olou
rs,
uniq
ue f
loor
pat
tern
s an
d th
e lo
cati
on o
f sp
ecia
l equ
ipm
ent
and
othe
r ar
chit
ectu
ral f
eatu
res.
38IC
TAAc
cess
rou
tes
shou
ld c
onti
nue
to a
ll w
ork
stat
ions
and
inc
orpo
rate
whe
elch
air
turn
aro
und
poin
ts a
t al
l ent
ry p
oint
s to
wor
k ar
eas.
39IC
TAAv
oid
soun
d m
aski
ng a
s it
can
cau
se d
isor
ient
atio
n an
d m
ake
an a
rea
seem
mor
e un
iform
tha
n it
is.
40IC
TACo
ntra
stin
g ba
se b
oard
s he
lp d
efin
e th
e bo
unda
ries
of a
spa
ce.
41IC
TAPr
otec
t co
rner
s w
ith
rece
ssed
met
al o
r pl
asti
c co
rner
gua
rds.
42IC
TACo
ntra
st c
arpe
t w
ith
the
wal
l and
the
fur
nitu
re t
o di
stin
guis
h ed
ges
of t
he r
oom
and
fur
nitu
re.
43IC
TAAl
low
eno
ugh
man
oeuv
rabi
lity
in t
he d
esig
n fo
r sc
oote
r an
d po
wer
whe
elch
air
turn
s.
44U
NTh
e ed
ges
of a
n ou
tdoo
r pa
thw
ay s
houl
d be
bev
elle
d w
here
ver
chan
ges
in le
vel b
etw
een
6 -
13 m
m e
xist
bet
wee
n th
e pa
thw
ay a
nd t
he s
urro
undi
ng a
rea.
45U
NTh
orny
and
poi
sono
us p
lant
s sh
ould
not
be
used
im
med
iate
ly a
djac
ent
to p
edes
tria
n pa
ths.
46M
alay
sia
Isol
ated
pill
ars
shou
ld b
e av
oide
d, a
nd t
he c
orne
rs o
f w
alls
and
pill
ars
both
ins
ide
and
outs
ide
the
build
ing
shou
ld b
e ro
unde
d of
f to
red
uce
the
risk
of
inju
ry.
47M
alay
sia
Any
dang
er a
reas
(i.e
.: e
lect
rical
roo
ms)
not
pro
tect
ed b
y a
lock
ed d
oor
shou
ld b
e in
dica
ted
by a
war
ning
sig
n w
hich
is
tact
ile.
Canadian human rights commission 23
Canadian human rights commission24
AUDITORIUM, ARENA AND ASSEMBLY AREASAccessible seating areas in auditoriums, arenas and assembly areas are required in most codesand standards. Canada, Spain and South Africa require that the accessible viewing areas adjoin theaccessible circulation route. South Africa points out that accessible seating areas are not permitted to block any aisle or exit door (1).
The size of the viewing area for people who use wheelchairs (6) varies from 750 x 1300 mm inthe Philippines to 900 x 1400 mm in Ireland. For two adjacent wheelchairs, 1700 x 1900 mm wasselected as the best practice. Many countries mention the requirement that this space be level, animportant consideration, as it is most uncomfortable to stay seated on a sloped surface.
Many codes recognize that wheelchair viewing areas be an integral part (11) of the seating planand that wheelchair viewing areas be dispersed (12) throughout the seating area and at all levels.This is an important criteria to ensure that people who use wheelchairs are not relegated to the rearor front of the auditorium.
Australia, Lebanon, the U.S. and Canada all require that people seated in wheelchair viewing areashave lines of sight (17) that are comparable to those for all viewing positions. Many codesaddress the number of wheelchair viewing positions with 2 recommended where there are 4 - 25 seatsand Lebanon requires a minimum of 2, with 1 per 100 or part thereof for spaces of up to 600 seats.
To ensure that auditorium, arena and assembly areas are accessible to people who are hard of hearing,the U.S, Sweden, Ireland, Malaysia and Australia all require that an assistive listening device be provided, with the excellent recommendation that the stage area also be served by the assistivelistening system.
Additional comments to address accessibility include one from the CSA which recommends that accentlighting be provided along the edges of the aisle seats. Australia points out the importance of making the stage area accessible and ensuring that all controls can be operated by the speaker.The boundaries of the podium or stage should be defined by barriers or contrasting floor surface colour and texture. These are excellent requirements to ensure that everyone is able to use thestage area. Sweden emphasizes inclusiveness in mentioning that the stage, podium and spacesbehind the stage, dressing rooms and playing surface in sports facilities must all be accessible.
Canadian human rights commission 25
AUDI
TORI
UM
, AR
ENA
AND
ASSE
MBL
Y AR
EAS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Acce
ssib
le C
ircu
lati
on R
oute
s1
Acce
ssib
le ro
utes
sha
ll no
t ye
s an
d no
tov
erla
p w
heel
chai
r si
ttin
g/bl
ock
any
wai
ting
spac
esai
sle
or e
xit
yes
door
yes
yes
2Ac
cess
to
any
whe
elch
air
spac
e sh
all n
ot b
e th
roug
h an
othe
r m
ay b
ew
heel
chai
r sp
ace
yes
perm
itted
3W
heel
chai
r (s
ittin
g/w
aitin
g)
spac
es s
hall
not
over
lap
may
ove
rlap
may
ove
rlap
circ
ulat
ion
path
sye
sye
sye
sby
250
yes
by 2
50
4W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g ar
eas
shal
l ad
join
the
acc
essi
ble
circ
ulat
ion
yes,
nex
tye
s, n
ext
yes,
nex
tye
s, n
ext
rout
esto
egr
ess
yes
yes
yes
yes
to e
gres
sto
egr
ess
yes
yes
yes
to e
gres
s
5A
whe
elch
air
spac
e m
ay e
ncro
ach
into
the
por
tion
of t
he c
ircul
atio
n ro
ute
in e
xces
s of
the
requ
ired
aisl
e w
idth
yes
yes
yes
Floo
r Sp
ace
6Ea
ch w
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g po
sitio
n to
be
clea
r, fir
m a
nd le
vel a
ndfir
m a
ndcl
ear
and
at le
ast
850
x 12
0080
0 x
1250
900
x 14
00le
vel
750
x 13
0085
0 x
1900
leve
lle
vel
900
x 14
00
7M
inim
um fo
otpr
int
for
a si
ngle
w
heel
chai
r se
atin
g sp
ace
(fro
nt
or re
ar e
ntry
)91
5 x
1220
800
x 12
5080
0 x
1200
800
x 12
0090
0 x
1200
750
x 11
0092
0 x
1370
800
x 13
00
8M
inim
um fo
otpr
int
for
a si
ngle
w
heel
chai
r se
atin
g sp
ace
(sid
e en
try)
915
x 15
2590
0 x
1200
920
x 15
2591
5 x
1525
9M
inim
um a
rea
for
2 ad
jace
nt
1680
x 1
220
1600
x 1
200
whe
elch
airs
sha
ll be
(fro
nt/r
ear
(fro
nt/r
ear
entr
y)
entr
y)16
80 x
152
516
80 x
150
0(s
ide
entr
y)12
50 x
160
0(s
ide
entr
y)17
00 x
190
017
00 x
190
0
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
View
ing
Area
s Ge
nera
l10
Whe
re d
esig
nate
d ai
sle
seat
s w
ith a
rmre
sts
are
prov
ided
, fo
ldin
g or
retr
acta
ble
arm
rest
s ye
s,
shal
l be
prov
ided
on
the
aisl
e 1
min
. si
de o
f th
e se
atye
sye
sye
sor
1%
yes
11W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g ar
eas
shal
l be
an
inte
gral
par
t of
the
se
atin
g pl
anye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
12W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g ar
eas
shal
l be
dis
pers
ed t
hrou
ghou
t th
e se
atin
g ar
ea o
n al
l lev
els
yes
yes
yes
yes
at t
he re
arye
sye
sye
sye
s
13W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g ar
eas
shal
l be
loca
ted
adja
cent
to
othe
r se
atin
gye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
14Co
mpa
nion
sea
ting
shal
l be
prov
ided
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
15Co
mpa
nion
sea
ts s
hall
be
equi
vale
nt in
siz
e, q
ualit
y,
com
fort
and
am
eniti
es t
o th
e se
atin
g in
the
imm
edia
te a
rea
yes
yes
yes
16At
leas
t ha
lf of
the
whe
elch
air
view
ing
area
s sh
all h
ave
spac
es
at le
ast
plac
ed s
ide
by s
ide
(pai
red)
yes
yes
2 lo
catio
nsye
s
17W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g ar
eas
shal
l ha
ve li
nes
of s
ight
tha
t ar
e co
mpa
rabl
e to
tho
se fo
r al
l vi
ewin
g po
sitio
nsye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
18W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g ar
eas
shal
l ha
ve li
nes
of s
ight
tha
t ar
e no
t re
duce
d or
obs
truc
ted
by s
tand
ing
mem
bers
of
the
audi
ence
yes
yes
yes
yes
View
ing
Posi
tion
Num
bers
19W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g po
sitio
ns
6 or
2 m
in.,
1 pe
r fo
r fix
ed s
eats
bet
wee
n 4-
251
per
50,
100
or p
art
up t
o 1
per
150
orth
ereo
f up
110
00 s
eats
2 fo
r 4-
50pa
rt t
here
ofto
600
22
20W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g po
sitio
ns fo
r fix
ed s
eats
bet
wee
n 26
-50
22
2
AUDI
TORI
UM
, AR
ENA
AND
ASSE
MBL
Y AR
EAS
(fro
m p
age
25)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission26
21W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g po
sitio
ns fo
r fix
ed s
eats
bet
wee
n 2-
501
per
50 +
22
22W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g po
sitio
ns fo
r 4
for
1 pe
r 15
0 or
fixed
sea
ts b
etw
een
51-1
504
51-3
00pa
rt t
here
of2
4
23W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g po
sitio
ns fo
r 4
for
fixed
sea
ts b
etw
een
151-
300
551
-300
5
24W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g po
sitio
ns
2 fo
r fo
r fix
ed s
eats
bet
wee
n 30
1-40
050
-400
55
25W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g po
sitio
ns
2 m
in.,
1 pe
rfo
r fix
ed s
eats
bet
wee
n 30
1-50
010
0 or
par
tth
ereo
f up
66
to 6
005
26W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g po
sitio
ns
3 or
0.5
% o
ffo
r fix
ed s
eats
bet
wee
n 40
1-50
0th
e nu
mbe
r of
sea
ts
whi
ch e
ver
is g
reat
erfo
r +
400
66
27W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g po
sitio
ns
for
fixed
sea
ts b
etw
een
401-
600
66
28W
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g po
sitio
ns
2 m
in.,
for
fixed
sea
ts o
ver
500
1 pe
r 10
0 up
(i
ncre
men
ts o
f 10
0)to
600
, 2 p
er
100
for
the
6 +
1 6
+ 1
not
next
400
,fo
r ea
ch20
or
1 pe
rfo
r ea
chle
ss t
han
1 fo
r ea
ch
150
or p
art
100
for
over
100
or p
art
1% o
f ad
ditio
nal
ther
eof
1000
sea
tsth
ereo
f1
per
100
capa
city
1000
Assi
stiv
e Li
sten
ing
Devi
ces
29Is
the
re a
n as
sist
ive
liste
ning
ye
s, fo
rde
vice
yes,
whe
revi
ewin
g au
dio
is
area
s,ye
s,in
tegr
al t
oas
wel
l as
indu
ctio
nth
e us
e of
on t
he
yes
yes
yes
loop
yes
the
spac
est
age
area
Canadian human rights commission 27
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
AUDI
TORI
UM
, AR
ENA
AND
ASSE
MBL
YAR
EAS
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1CS
AA
varie
ty i
n se
atin
g lo
cati
on i
s ne
cess
ary
to p
rovi
de c
hoic
es f
or p
eopl
e us
ing
whe
elch
airs
and
to
acco
mm
odat
e a
com
pani
on w
ho m
ay b
e a
whe
elch
air
user
or
an a
mbu
lato
ry p
erso
n.
2CS
AGu
ard
rails
pro
tect
ing
view
ing
spac
es s
houl
d no
t in
terf
ere
wit
h vi
ewin
g si
ght
lines
.
3CS
AAc
cent
ligh
ting
sho
uld
be p
rovi
ded
alon
g th
e ed
ges
of t
he a
isle
ste
ps.
4AD
AAG
Read
ily r
emov
able
or
fold
ing
seat
ing
unit
s m
ay b
e in
stal
led
in li
eu o
f pr
ovid
ing
an o
pen
spac
e fo
r w
heel
chai
r us
ers.
Fol
ding
sea
ting
uni
ts a
re u
sual
ly t
wo
fixe
d se
ats
that
can
be
easi
ly f
olde
d in
to a
fix
ed c
ente
r ba
r to
allo
w f
or o
ne
or t
wo
open
spa
ces
for
whe
elch
air
spac
es.
5AD
AAG
Eith
er a
sig
n or
a m
arke
r pl
aced
on
the
seat
ing
wit
h re
mov
able
or
fold
ing
arm
rest
s is
req
uire
d. C
onsi
dera
tion
sho
uld
be g
iven
to
ensu
ring
iden
tific
atio
n of
suc
h se
ats
whe
n th
e ro
om o
r ar
ea i
s da
rken
ed.
6AD
AAG
Assi
stiv
e lis
teni
ng s
yste
ms
are
requ
ired
whe
re a
udib
le c
omm
unic
atio
n is
int
egra
l to
the
use
of t
he s
pace
. As
sist
ive
liste
ning
sys
tem
s ar
e no
t re
quire
d w
here
no
audi
o am
plif
icat
ion
is o
ffer
ed.
7Au
stra
liaIt
is
reco
mm
ende
d th
at 1
0% o
f ea
ch c
lass
ific
atio
n/ra
nge
of s
eati
ng w
ithi
n an
aud
itor
ium
be
prov
ided
wit
h a
liste
ning
sys
tem
.
8Au
stra
liaTh
e st
age
area
sha
ll al
low
spa
ce f
or w
heel
chai
r tu
rnin
g.
9Au
stra
liaAl
l con
trol
s to
be
oper
ated
by
a sp
eake
r sh
all b
e op
erab
le b
y a
seat
ed p
erso
n, i
n ac
cord
ance
wit
h ac
cept
ed r
each
ran
ges.
10Au
stra
liaTh
e bo
unda
ries
of a
pod
ium
or
stag
e ar
ea s
houl
d be
def
ined
by
barr
iers
or
cont
rast
in
floor
sur
face
col
our
and
text
ure.
11Au
stra
liaA
rang
e of
cho
ices
of
seat
ing
posi
tion
s in
ter
ms
of lo
cati
on,
leve
l and
sig
ht li
nes
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed f
or a
ll us
ers.
12Au
stra
liaA
cont
inuo
us p
ath
of t
rave
l sho
uld
be p
rovi
ded
to t
he s
eati
ng s
pace
s an
d se
ats
iden
tifie
d fo
r us
e by
peo
ple
wit
h di
sabi
litie
s an
d fr
om t
hose
sea
ts t
o po
ints
of
egre
ss a
nd a
men
itie
s su
ch a
s to
ilets
.
13Au
stra
liaFi
xed
seat
ing
venu
es s
houl
d pr
ovid
e fo
r co
ntin
uous
acc
essi
ble
path
s of
tra
vel t
o fi
xed
seat
ing
whi
ch m
ay b
e us
ed b
y pe
ople
wit
h m
obili
ty a
ids
or w
ho m
ay w
ish
to t
rans
fer
from
whe
elch
airs
.
14Au
stra
liaAc
cess
to
the
podi
um s
houl
d be
via
a c
onti
nuou
s ac
cess
ible
pat
h of
tra
vel,
whi
ch m
ay i
nclu
de t
he u
se o
f ra
mps
or
auto
mat
ed v
erti
cal t
rans
port
sys
tem
s.
15Sw
eden
It i
s no
t ne
cess
ary
for
all s
eats
in
cine
mas
, th
eatr
es,
spor
t fa
cilit
ies
and
othe
r la
rge
plac
es o
f as
sem
bly
to b
e ac
cess
ible
for
a p
erso
n in
a w
heel
chai
r, bu
t th
ere
has
to b
e so
me
acce
ssib
le w
heel
chai
r vi
ewin
g ar
eas.
In
addi
tion
, th
e st
age,
pod
ium
and
the
spa
ces
behi
nd t
he s
tage
for
use
by
the
acto
rs h
as t
o be
acc
essi
ble,
as
wel
l as
the
dres
sing
roo
ms
and
play
ing
surf
ace
in s
port
fac
iliti
es h
as t
o be
acc
essi
ble.
16Sw
eden
It s
houl
d al
so b
e po
ssib
le t
o us
e th
e as
sist
ive
liste
ning
sys
tem
on
the
stag
e.
17Sw
eden
The
desi
gn o
f th
e ha
ll an
d it
s lig
htin
g fa
cilit
ate
lip-r
eadi
ng a
nd s
ign
lang
uage
int
erpr
etin
g, f
or e
xam
ple,
in
the
case
of
a da
rken
ed r
oom
, it
is
poss
ible
to
spot
light
the
spe
aker
and
sig
n la
ngua
ge i
nter
pret
er.
Canadian human rights commission28
Canadian human rights commission 29
BATHTUBSThe space requirements in front of a bathtub are important considerations in bathtub safety. The clearwidth ranges (1) from 750 - 1540 mm, and the length (2) varies from 1500 - 1600 mm. At least two grab bars (7) are recommended by the CSA Standard, while at least 3 are required by the U.S.and Australia. The Expert Panel recommends at least 2 grab bars, with one being an L-shaped bar.
The height of the horizontal grab bar (10) varies from 840 - 915 mm in the U.S. and 650 - 750 mmfrom Australia. A preference was indicated by the Expert Panel for the lower height to assist peoplewhile they are seated in the bathtub. In addition, a vertical grab bar (12) was recommended by theU.S., Canada, Singapore and Australia. This vertical grab bar provides support to people as they enterand exit the bathtub, thus preventing the possibility of a fall.
Both Canada and Singapore require that the faucet and other controls (20) be located on the foot end of the bathtub. Australia suggests either the foot or back wall for the controls and the U.S. sayseither end is acceptable.
A shower hose at least 1500 mm long (26) is recommended that can be used in either a fixedposition or hand-held. The maximum height of the shower head (28) is 1200 mm in Canada whileSingapore recommends it at a minimum of 1000 mm above the floor.
An important new addition to accessibility codes and standards is the maximum temperature allowablein order to prevent scalding while still preventing the growth of bacteria, with 55˚C recommendedin Canada, 40˚C in Spain, and 49˚C in the U.S.
Safety comments relating to bathtubs include that non-slip flooring be used in the main area of thetub room and outside of the bathtub, and that bathtub enclosures not be used. CSA recommends thathot and cold faucets be consistently oriented to assist people to identify them.
Gene
ral/
Spat
ial
1Th
e w
idth
to
be p
rovi
ded
alon
g th
e w
hole
leng
th o
f th
e ba
thtu
b sh
all b
e at
leas
t75
076
075
015
4075
076
076
0
2A
bath
tub
shal
l hav
e a
leng
th
of a
t le
ast
1500
1600
1600
3Sl
idin
g do
ors
shal
l not
be
prov
ided
on
bath
tubs
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
4Ba
thtu
bs s
hall
have
a s
lip
or r
ubbe
r re
sist
ant
base
yes
mat
yes
yes
Grab
Bar
s5
The
stru
ctur
al s
uppo
rt a
reas
in
the
wal
ls s
hall
be c
apab
le o
f su
ppor
ting
grab
bar
s an
d re
sist
a
forc
e ap
plie
d in
any
dire
ctio
n of
at
leas
t1.
3 kN
1.11
2 kN
1.3
kN1.
1 kN
yes
1.3
kN1.
3 kN
6Th
e st
ruct
ural
sup
port
are
as s
hall
be c
ontin
uous
in t
he t
hree
wal
ls
surro
undi
ng t
he b
atht
ub f
rom
the
rim
to
the
ceili
ngye
sye
sye
s
7At
leas
t tw
o gr
ab b
ars
shal
l be
3 m
in.,
back
/sid
em
ount
ed in
the
bat
htub
are
a(4
with
grab
bar
s2
min
.2
min
.re
mov
able
may
be
(one
is “
L”(o
ne is
“L”
ye
sse
at)
one
unit
yes
at le
ast
31
shap
ed)
shap
ed)
8On
e ho
rizon
tal g
rab
bar
shal
l be
back
/sid
e lo
cate
d al
ong
the
leng
th o
f th
e gr
ab b
ars
bath
tub
on t
he s
ide
wal
lm
ay b
eye
sye
sye
son
e un
itye
sye
sye
sye
s
9Th
e ho
rizon
tal g
rab
bar
loca
ted
alon
g th
e le
ngth
of
the
bath
tub
on t
he b
ack
wal
l sha
ll be
mou
nted
a he
ight
abo
ve t
he r
im o
f18
0 -
280
205
- 25
520
018
0 -
280
70 -
290
200
- 25
015
0 -
200
200
- 25
0
10Th
e ho
rizon
tal g
rab
bar
loca
ted
alon
g th
e le
ngth
of
the
bath
tub
on t
he b
ack
wal
l sha
ll be
at
a he
ight
abo
ve t
he f
loor
of
840
- 91
570
0 -
750
800
650
- 75
085
0 -
950
650
- 75
0
BATH
TUBS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission30
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
11Th
e ho
rizon
tal g
rab
bar
loca
ted
380
max
.al
ong
the
leng
th o
f th
e ba
thtu
b fro
m t
heon
the
bac
k w
all s
hall
have
ahe
ad e
nd
leng
th o
f at
leas
tw
all,
305
max
. fro
mth
e co
ntro
l 12
00en
d w
all
1200
1200
900
1200
12Is
the
re a
ver
tical
gra
b ba
r lo
cate
d at
the
foot
of
the
bath
tub
adja
cent
to
the
clea
r flo
or a
rea
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
13Th
e ve
rtic
al g
rab
bar
on t
he
cont
rol e
nd w
all a
t th
e fro
nt
edge
of
the
bath
tub
shal
l hav
e a
min
imum
leng
th o
f61
012
2012
20
14Th
e ve
rtic
al g
rab
bar
at t
he fo
ot
of t
he b
atht
ub s
hall
have
its
low
er e
nd a
bove
the
bat
htub
700
- 85
0 rim
bet
wee
n18
0 -
280
180
- 28
0fro
m f
loor
180
- 28
0
15Th
e ve
rtic
al g
rab
bar
at t
he fo
ot
top
of b
ar
of t
he b
atht
ub s
hall
have
a
to b
e m
inim
um le
ngth
of
1400
- 1
500
1200
1200
from
flo
or12
00
16Th
e ve
rtic
al g
rab
bar
at t
he fo
ot
of t
he b
atht
ub s
hall
be s
et b
ack
from
the
out
side
edg
e of
the
ba
thtu
b be
twee
n80
- 1
2080
- 1
20
17Gr
ab b
ars
shal
l be
slip
-res
ista
ntye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
18Fo
r gr
ab b
ar re
quire
men
ts,
see
sect
ion
in W
ASHR
OOM
Sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Cont
rols
/Fau
cets
19Fa
ucet
s an
d ot
her
cont
rols
sha
ll be
loca
ted
at t
he fo
ot e
nd o
f ye
s, o
rth
e ba
thtu
bye
sei
ther
end
yes
back
wal
lye
sye
s
20Fa
ucet
s an
d ot
her
cont
rols
sha
ll be
loca
ted
betw
een
the
cent
relin
e of
the
bat
htub
and
the
ext
erio
r ye
s, o
r ed
ge o
f th
e ba
thtu
b rim
yes
yes
back
wal
lye
s
Canadian human rights commission 31
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
21Fa
ucet
s an
d ot
her
cont
rols
sha
ll be
at
a m
axim
um h
eigh
t ab
ove
the
rim o
f45
045
0 m
ax.
450
450
22Fa
ucet
s an
d ot
her
cont
rols
sha
ll w
ith o
ne
have
leve
r-ty
pe h
andl
esye
sye
sha
ndye
sye
s
23Le
ver-
type
han
dles
sha
ll ha
ve a
m
inim
um le
ngth
fro
m t
he c
entr
e of
rota
tion
to t
he h
andl
e tip
of
7575
24Fa
ucet
s an
d ot
her
cont
rols
sha
ll w
ith o
ne
not
be s
prin
g lo
aded
yes
hand
yes
yes
Show
er H
ead
25A
show
er h
ead
shal
l be
of a
han
d-he
ld t
ype
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
26A
show
er h
ead
hose
sha
ll ha
ve a
min
imum
leng
th o
f15
0015
0015
0015
2515
00
27A
show
er h
ead
shal
l be
allo
wed
to
be
used
in a
fix
ed p
ositi
onye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
28A
show
er h
ead
shal
l be
mou
nted
lo
wer
end
alo
wer
end
ato
be
adju
stab
le b
etw
een
the
min
. 100
0 m
in. 1
000
floor
and
upw
ards
to
abov
eab
ove
1200
the
floor
the
floor
29A
show
er h
ead
whe
re m
ount
ed
on a
ver
tical
bar
sha
ll no
t ob
stru
ct t
he u
se o
f th
e gr
ab b
ars
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Wat
er T
empe
ratu
re30
The
wat
er t
empe
ratu
re s
hall
be
ther
mos
tatic
ally
con
trol
led
or
have
a p
ress
ure
equa
lizin
g va
lve
yes
yes
yes
31Th
e w
ater
tem
pera
ture
of
the
wat
er s
uppl
y sh
all n
ot e
xcee
d55
°C49
°C40
°C55
°C
BATH
TUBS
(fr
om p
age
31)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission32
BATH
TUBS
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1CS
ATo
allo
w e
asie
r ac
cess
to
the
bath
tub,
it
is d
esira
ble
to h
ave
a se
at lo
cate
d at
the
end
of
the
bath
tub
that
run
s th
e w
idth
of
the
bath
tub,
is
400
mm
dee
p an
d is
flu
sh w
ith
the
tub
edge
s.
2CS
ATh
e ve
rtic
al g
rab
bar
shal
l not
int
erfe
re w
ith
the
show
er c
urta
in.
3CS
ATh
e fa
ucet
leve
r in
the
off
pos
itio
n sh
ould
be
angl
ed t
o th
e fr
ont.
Hot
and
col
d fa
ucet
s fo
r ba
thtu
bs s
houl
d be
con
sist
entl
y or
ient
ed.
4So
uth
Afric
aGr
ab b
ars
to b
e of
sta
inle
ss s
teel
.
5Si
ngap
ore
Non-
slip
flo
orin
g sh
ould
be
used
in
the
mai
n ar
ea o
f th
e tu
b ro
om o
utsi
de t
he b
atht
ub.
6Si
ngap
ore
Fauc
ets
and
cont
rols
sha
ll ha
ve c
lear
ly v
isib
le c
olou
r co
ntra
sted
and
em
boss
ed s
igns
ind
icat
ing
the
hot
and
cold
wat
er s
uppl
y.
7Si
ngap
ore
Bath
tub
encl
osur
es s
hall
not
obst
ruct
con
trol
s, o
r in
terf
ere
wit
h a
pers
on t
rans
ferr
ing
from
a w
heel
chai
r.
Canadian human rights commission 33
Canadian human rights commission34
BENCHES AND PICNIC AREASQuite a few of the countries included in this study require that a bench or seat be provided adjacentto the accessible route (1), with Australia specifying that it should not be more than 500 mmaway from the path of travel. The minimum clear space beside a bench (4) is required by Singapore,Australia, Lebanon and Sweden to accommodate a wheelchair. Lebanon points out that it is importantto provide a mix of different kinds of seating options whereas Sweden specifies that armrests beprovided at a height of 700 mm from the ground (11).
Picnic tables should be at the same height as a counter (16), 750 - 850 mm preferred, withadequate kneespace and clearance to approach the picnic table. It is important to rememberthat the picnic table must be placed on the accessible route.
CSA warns that if the picnic table or seat is located beside a downward slope, a curb should be provided.Singapore points out that in large department stores, supermarkets and transit stations seating shouldbe provided for persons with disabilities, an excellent recommendation.
Australia reminds us that street furniture should be positioned on one side of the accessible pathof travel, without creating a protrusion hazard. Australia comments that seats should generally beat a height of 450 mm but where they are designed for elderly users, a height of 520 mm is preferred.
Canadian human rights commission 35
BEN
CHES
AN
D PI
CNIC
ARE
AS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Loca
tion
/Gra
de1
A be
nch
or s
eat
is lo
cate
d 90
0 m
in.
yes
adja
cent
to
an a
cces
sibl
e ro
ute
clea
r sp
ace
500
away
in f
ront
of
from
pat
h of
yes
yes
yes
seat
/ben
chtr
avel
yes
yes
yes
2Th
e be
nch
or s
eat
is s
tabl
eye
sye
sye
s
3Be
nch
or s
eatin
g ar
ea h
as a
leve
l an
d fir
m s
urfa
ceye
sye
sye
s
4Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
spa
ce b
esid
e a
benc
h fo
r w
heel
chai
r pu
ll up
su
itabl
ean
em
pty
and
that
is n
ot p
art
of t
he ro
ute
spac
e sh
ould
spac
e,of
tra
vel i
s (w
idth
x d
epth
)85
0 x
1200
760
x 12
20be
pro
vide
d90
0 m
in.
800
x 13
0012
00 x
120
092
0 x
1370
800
x 13
00
5Ar
ea b
esid
e, in
fro
nt a
nd u
nder
be
nch
is le
vel w
ith a
max
imum
sl
ope
of2%
1:48
yes
2%
6A
picn
ic b
ench
/tab
le s
hall
have
a
leve
l, fir
m g
roun
d su
rface
im
med
iate
ly a
djac
ent
to a
n ac
cess
ible
rout
eye
sye
sye
sye
s
7Th
e cl
ear
area
aro
und
a pi
cnic
be
nch/
tabl
e sh
all e
xten
d on
all
side
s at
leas
t20
00ye
s20
0020
00
8Th
e gr
ound
or
floor
sur
face
of
a se
atin
g ar
ea s
hall
cont
rast
in
colo
ur a
nd t
extu
re w
ith t
he
surro
undi
ng s
urfa
ceye
sye
sye
sye
s
Back
/Arm
rest
s9
Benc
h or
sea
ting
area
s pr
ovid
e a
mix
of
optio
ns (
i.e. s
ome
with
ba
ckre
sts,
som
e w
ith a
rmre
sts,
an
d so
me
with
bot
h)ye
sye
sye
s
10Be
nche
s sh
all p
rovi
de fo
r ba
ck
supp
ort
or b
e af
fixed
to
a w
all
yes
back
sup
port
yes
back
sup
port
yes
11M
inim
um h
eigh
t of
bac
k su
ppor
t ris
ing
abov
e se
at70
0 ab
ove
455
floor
455
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
12Ar
mre
sts
are
prov
ided
yes,
and
ye
s, a
t ye
s, a
tgr
ipab
le, a
t a
heig
hthe
ight
aa
heig
ht o
f of
260
of 2
6070
0 fro
m
±40
fro
m±
40 f
rom
th
e gr
ound
yes
the
seat
the
seat
Seat
13He
ight
of
the
seat
abo
ve g
rade
sh
all b
e45
0 -
500
430
- 48
545
0 -
500
400
- 45
045
045
0 -
500
450
- 50
0
14M
inim
um d
epth
of
seat
sha
ll be
510
- 61
040
0 -
450
450
15W
here
inst
alle
d in
wet
loca
tions
, th
e su
rface
of
the
seat
sha
ll be
slip
-res
ista
nt a
nd s
hall
not
accu
mul
ate
wat
erye
sye
sye
s
Tabl
es
16Th
e pi
cnic
ben
ch/t
able
top
he
ight
sha
ll be
at
a he
ight
abo
ve
grad
e of
730
- 86
076
070
0 -
850
750
- 90
071
0 -
865
750
- 85
0
17Th
e cl
ear
knee
spac
e he
ight
un
der
a pi
cnic
ben
ch/t
able
sha
ll
be a
min
imum
of
680
680
- 70
060
068
568
0 -
700
18Th
e cl
ear
knee
spac
e w
idth
und
er
a pi
cnic
ben
ch/t
able
sha
ll be
a
min
imum
of
750
800
760
800
19Th
e cl
ear
knee
spac
e de
pth
unde
r a
picn
ic b
ench
/tab
le s
hall
be a
m
inim
um o
f48
060
048
060
0
BEN
CHES
AN
D PI
CNIC
ARE
AS
(fro
m p
age
35)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission36
BEN
CHES
AN
D PI
CNIC
ARE
AS C
OMM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1CS
AIf
the
sea
ting
are
a is
adj
acen
t to
a d
ownw
ard
slop
e th
at i
s po
tent
ially
haz
ardo
us,
then
a c
urb
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed a
roun
d th
e le
vel a
rea.
2AD
AAG
To a
ssis
t in
tra
nsfe
rrin
g to
the
ben
ch,
cons
ider
pro
vidi
ng g
rab
bars
on
a w
all a
djac
ent
to t
he b
ench
, bu
t no
t on
the
sea
t ba
ck.
If p
rovi
ded,
gra
b ba
rs c
anno
t ob
stru
ct t
rans
fer
to t
he b
ench
.
3Si
ngap
ore
In la
rge
depa
rtm
ent
stor
es,
supe
rmar
kets
, fo
yers
of
publ
ic p
lace
s an
d pu
blic
con
cour
ses
(ie:
mas
s ra
pid
tran
sit
stat
ions
) se
ats
shal
l be
prov
ided
for
per
sons
wit
h di
sabi
litie
s w
ho a
re u
nabl
e to
sta
nd f
or lo
ng p
erio
ds.
4Si
ngap
ore
Seat
s or
a b
ench
sha
ll be
pro
vide
d at
a t
axi
stan
d fo
r am
bula
nt d
isab
led
and
thes
e sh
all n
ot i
mpe
de t
he m
ovem
ent
of t
he w
heel
chai
r us
ers.
Arm
rest
s sh
ould
be
prov
ided
at
the
ends
of
the
seat
s to
ass
ist
ambu
lant
dis
able
d an
d ol
der
pers
ons
to g
et u
p.
5Sw
eden
The
clea
r sp
ace
in f
ront
of
a pi
cnic
tab
le s
hall
be 1
500
x 15
00 m
m.
6Au
stra
liaIn
ped
estr
ian
mal
ls a
nd s
imila
r pl
aces
, al
l str
eet
furn
itur
e sh
ould
be
posi
tion
ed o
n on
e si
de o
nly
of t
he a
cces
sibl
e pa
th o
f tr
avel
.
7Au
stra
liaW
here
pos
sibl
e, a
ran
ge o
f se
at h
eigh
ts s
houl
d be
pro
vide
d. S
eats
sho
uld
gene
rally
be
450
mm
hig
h bu
t w
here
a h
igh
prop
orti
on o
f el
derly
use
rs a
re a
ntic
ipat
ed,
heig
hts
of u
p to
520
mm
are
pre
ferr
ed.
Child
ren
and
smal
l peo
ple
may
pre
fer
seat
s as
low
as
350
mm
hig
h.
Canadian human rights commission 37
Canadian human rights commission38
CAFETERIAS AND RESTAURANTSCafeterias and restaurants should be accessible to everyone. However, at a minimum, one area of eachbar and restaurant area should be accessible.
The minimum clear width ranges (2) from 820 - 1060 mm, with the Expert Panel selecting the widerrequirement to allow for people to manoeuvre around someone seated in a wheelchair.
The top of the counter and table heights vary in height (4) from a 710 - 915 mm, often with the bestpractice being the mid range of 750 - 850 mm. It is important to consider both the manoeuvringspace as well as the seating space requirements for wheelchair users. A space 800 x 1300 mm isconsidered a best practice.
Singapore addresses the question of what percentage of the restaurant or cafeteria must be accessibleby stating that when fixed seating is provided at least one table in every 10 should be accessible topeople with disabilities or at least two tables whichever is greater. Singapore further improves on thisby stating that a variety of table and chair arrangements or flexible arrangements should beprovided.
ICTA points out that prices should be clearly displayed at the cash register to be clearly visible toall customers. This is appreciated by people who are hard of hearing as well as all other customers.
A good design practice is the provision of a continuous tray rail in the cafeteria, and the provision ofcondiments and cutlery within reach of people who use wheelchairs and people of short stature.
Vending and dispensing machines should also be designed to be accessible.
Canadian human rights commission 39
CAFE
TERI
AS A
ND
REST
AURA
NTS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Aisl
e/Ch
ecko
ut L
anes
1
Is t
he c
afet
eria
acc
essi
ble
yes
yes
yes
yes
2Th
e fo
od s
ervi
ce li
nes
have
a
min
imum
cle
ar w
idth
of
920
915
820
1060
920
3M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th a
t ch
ecko
ut la
nes
920
yes
915
900
820
1060
1060
Coun
ter/
Tabl
e4
The
top
of c
ount
er a
nd t
able
he
ight
s ar
e be
twee
n73
0 -
860
865
max
.91
5 m
ax.
760
800
850
800
max
.73
0 -
850
900
710
- 86
575
0 -
850
5Th
e to
ps o
f tr
ay s
lides
are
at
a he
ight
abo
ve t
he f
inis
hed
floor
be
twee
n71
0 -
865
900
865
710
- 80
0
6Fo
r in
form
atio
n on
kne
espa
ce a
nd
foot
prin
t re
quire
men
ts fo
r ta
bles
an
d co
unte
rs, s
ee s
ectio
n on
ANTH
ROPO
MET
RICS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Seat
ing
7Se
atin
g sp
aces
for
pers
ons
in
whe
elch
airs
sha
ll ha
ve a
dequ
ate
man
oeuv
ring
spac
e to
app
roac
hth
e se
atin
g ar
eaye
sye
sye
sye
s
8At
sea
ting
spac
es fo
r pe
rson
s in
whe
elch
airs
the
re s
hall
bead
equa
te m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
to
appr
oach
the
tab
le o
r co
unte
rye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
9Th
e eq
uiva
lent
cho
ice
of fo
od
50%
of
in s
elf-
serv
e ar
eas
is lo
cate
d sh
elve
sat
a h
eigh
t fro
m t
he f
loor
a
at a
max
.m
axim
um o
f12
0012
20of
120
012
00
10Se
atin
g sp
aces
for
pers
ons
in
whe
elch
airs
sha
ll ha
ve a
cle
ar
floor
are
a a
min
imum
of
(wid
th x
dep
th)
750
x 12
0076
0 x
1220
750
x 12
0075
0 x
1200
760
x 13
7080
0 x
1300
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
Cont
rols
11
For
cafe
teria
and
ven
ding
m
achi
ne o
pera
ble
cont
rols
re
quire
men
ts, s
ee c
ontr
ols
sect
ion
in A
NTHR
OPOM
ETRI
CSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Othe
r12
Info
rmat
ion
on v
isua
l dis
play
s sh
all b
e su
pple
men
ted
by t
actil
eco
lour
an
d/or
aud
itory
info
rmat
ion,
co
ntra
sted
colo
ur c
ontr
aste
d, a
nd lo
cate
dan
d on
a g
lare
-fre
e su
rface
yes
glar
e-fre
eye
sye
sye
sye
s
13Fo
r ci
rcul
atio
n, li
ne-u
p ar
eas,
an
d ac
cess
rout
e re
quire
men
ts,
see
the
sect
ion
on A
CCES
S RO
UTES
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
14Fo
r re
quire
men
ts a
t do
ors,
see
se
ctio
n on
DOO
RSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
15Fo
r si
gnag
e re
quire
men
ts, s
ee
the
sect
ion
on S
IGNA
GEye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
CAFE
TERI
AS A
ND
REST
AURA
NTS
(fr
om p
age
39)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission40
CAFE
TERI
AS A
ND
REST
AURA
NTS
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1CS
AA
forw
ard
appr
oach
for
sea
ting
at
tabl
es a
nd d
inin
g co
unte
rs i
s pr
efer
red.
2AD
AAG
Loca
te t
he c
ash
regi
ster
so
that
a p
erso
n us
ing
a w
heel
chai
r is
vis
ible
to
sale
s or
ser
vice
per
sonn
el a
nd t
o m
inim
ize
the
reac
h fo
r a
pers
on w
ith
a di
sabi
lity.
3AD
AAG
Whe
re f
ixed
tab
les
or d
inin
g co
unte
rs w
here
foo
d is
con
sum
ed a
re p
rovi
ded,
at
leas
t 5%
but
not
less
tha
n on
e of
the
fix
ed t
able
s, o
r a
port
ion
of t
he d
inin
g co
unte
r, sh
all b
e ac
cess
ible
.
4Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re f
ixed
sea
ting
is
prov
ided
in
eati
ng o
utle
ts a
nd e
stab
lishm
ents
at
leas
t on
e ta
ble
for
ever
y 10
tab
les
or p
art
ther
eof
shal
l be
prov
ided
for
use
by
pers
ons
wit
h di
sabi
litie
s or
at
leas
t tw
o ta
bles
whi
chev
er i
s th
e gr
eate
r.
5Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re f
ixed
sea
ting
are
pro
vide
d it
is
advi
sabl
e to
pro
vide
em
pty
spac
es b
etw
een
the
seat
s to
acc
omm
odat
e w
heel
chai
r us
ers.
6Si
ngap
ore
The
Inte
rnat
iona
l Sym
bol o
f Ac
cess
sha
ll be
pla
ced
on t
he t
able
int
ende
d fo
r us
e by
per
sons
wit
h di
sabi
litie
s.
7Si
ngap
ore
A ci
rcul
atio
n pa
th o
f at
leas
t 90
0 m
m w
ide
shal
l be
prov
ided
in
fron
t of
the
sta
lls.
8Si
ngap
ore
A va
riety
of
tabl
e an
d ch
air
arra
ngem
ents
or
flexi
ble
arra
ngem
ents
of
tabl
es a
nd c
hair
s sh
ould
be
prov
ided
in
eati
ng o
utle
ts o
r es
tabl
ishm
ents
.
9Sw
eden
In c
afet
eria
s an
d re
stau
rant
s go
od a
cous
tics
is
impo
rtan
t.
10U
NTa
bles
in
cafe
teria
s an
d re
stau
rant
s sh
ould
hav
e ca
ntile
vere
d to
ps o
r st
raig
ht le
gs a
t co
rner
s.
11IC
TATh
e pr
ice
shou
ld b
e di
spla
yed
at t
he c
ash
regi
ster
, vi
sibl
e to
the
cus
tom
er.
This
will
be
appr
ecia
ted
by p
eopl
e w
ho a
re h
ard
of h
eari
ng,
Deaf
or
deaf
ened
, as
wel
l as
to a
ll ot
her
cust
omer
s.
Canadian human rights commission 41
Canadian human rights commission42
COMMUNICATIONSA variety of different types of assistive listening system are available including a loop system,infrared, radio frequency, or direct wire. Assistive listening systems amplify sound for people whoare hard of hearing as well as others.
The Canada AFG Guideline recommends that assistive listening systems be provided wherever audiois integral to the use of a space (1). It is important that the systems be accessible to those peoplethat use hearing aids (4), as required in the U.S. and Canadian standards. The U.S. further requires anoise ratio and sound pressure level to ensure access for people who are hard of hearing (5).
Both South Africa and Canada require that a symbol indicate the existence of an assistive listeningsystem and Sweden points out that the system should also be available for those speaking at thepodium and on stage, both excellent recommendations. Sweden further recommends the use of assistivelistening systems at reception counters in transportation facilities.
It is also important to reduce background noise into designing and acoustically advantageousfacility to comply with universal design principles.
Canadian human rights commission 43
COM
MU
NIC
ATIO
NS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Gene
ral
1Is
the
re a
n as
sist
ive
liste
ning
w
here
aud
iode
vice
pro
vide
dis
inte
gral
to u
se o
fth
e sp
ace
yes
2W
here
an
assi
stiv
e lis
teni
ng
syst
em is
pro
vide
d, a
n in
duct
ion
loop
, inf
rare
d sy
stem
, or
radi
o fre
quen
cy s
yste
m s
hall
be u
sed
yes
yes
yes
yes
3Re
ceiv
ers
requ
ired
for
use
with
an
ass
istiv
e lis
teni
ng s
yste
m
shal
l inc
lude
a 3
.2 m
m s
tand
ard
mon
o ja
ckye
s
4Re
ceiv
ers
requ
ired
to b
e he
arin
g ai
d co
mpa
tible
sha
ll in
terfa
ce w
ith t
elec
oils
in
hear
ings
aid
s th
roug
h th
e pr
ovis
ion
of n
eck
loop
sye
sye
sye
s
5As
sist
ive
liste
ning
sys
tem
s sh
all
be c
apab
le o
f pr
ovid
ing
a so
und
pres
sure
leve
l of
110
dB m
in.
and
118
dB m
ax. w
ith a
dyn
amic
ra
nge
on t
he v
olum
e co
ntro
l of
50
dBye
sye
s
6Th
e si
gnal
to
nois
e ra
tio fo
r in
tern
ally
gen
erat
ed n
oise
in
ass
istiv
e lis
teni
ng s
yste
ms
shal
l be
18 d
B m
in.
yes
yes
COM
MU
NIC
ATIO
NS
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1CS
ARe
ceiv
ers
for
syst
ems
such
as
indu
ctiv
e lo
ops,
inf
rare
d sy
stem
s an
d FM
rad
io f
requ
ency
sys
tem
s ca
n be
equ
ippe
d to
be
com
pati
ble
wit
h he
arin
g ai
ds w
ith
T-sw
itch
es o
r au
dio
inpu
t ca
paci
ty.
Har
d-w
ired
syst
ems
can
mee
t th
is
requ
irem
ent
whe
n pr
ovis
ions
are
mad
e to
acc
omm
odat
e pe
rson
s w
ith
hear
ing
aids
.
2CS
A, S
outh
Afr
ica
The
sym
bol o
f ac
cess
ibili
ty f
or p
erso
ns w
ho a
re D
eaf
or h
ard
of h
eari
ng s
houl
d be
use
d to
ind
icat
e th
e ex
iste
nce
of a
ssis
tive
list
enin
g sy
stem
s in
a f
acili
ty.
3AD
AAG
An F
M s
yste
m m
ay b
e be
tter
tha
n an
inf
rare
d sy
stem
in
som
e op
en a
ir a
ssem
blie
s si
nce
infr
ared
sig
nals
are
less
eff
ecti
ve i
n su
nlig
ht.
An i
nfra
red
syst
em i
s ty
pica
lly a
bet
ter
choi
ce t
han
an F
M s
yste
m w
here
con
fiden
tial
tra
nsm
issi
on
is i
mpo
rtan
t be
caus
e it
will
be
cont
aine
d w
ithi
n a
give
n sp
ace.
4AD
AAG
Neck
loop
s an
d he
adse
ts t
hat
can
be w
orn
as n
eck
loop
s ar
e co
mpa
tibl
e w
ith
hear
ing
aids
. Re
ceiv
ers
that
are
not
com
pati
ble
incl
ude
ear
buds
, w
hich
may
req
uire
rem
oval
of
hear
ing
aids
, ea
rpho
nes,
and
hea
dset
s th
at m
ust
be w
orn
over
the
ear
, w
hich
can
cre
ate
disr
upti
ve i
nter
fere
nce
in t
he t
rans
mis
sion
and
can
be
unco
mfo
rtab
le f
or p
eopl
e w
eari
ng h
eari
ng a
ids.
5Sw
eden
In a
ssem
bly
halls
, as
sist
ive
liste
ning
sys
tem
s sh
ould
als
o w
ork
at t
he p
odiu
m a
nd o
n th
e st
age.
6Sw
eden
The
use
of a
ssis
tive
list
enin
g sy
stem
s at
rec
epti
on c
ount
ers
faci
litat
es c
omm
unic
atio
n fo
r pe
ople
who
hav
e a
hear
ing
impa
irm
ent.
7So
uth
Afric
aH
eari
ng i
mpa
ired
peop
le m
ay n
eed
to r
epor
t at
the
inf
orm
atio
n co
unte
rs o
f al
l air
port
s, r
ailw
ay s
tati
ons,
hot
els,
etc
to
arra
nge
for
wri
tten
mes
sage
s or
oth
er i
nfor
mat
ion
(or
both
). S
uch
a co
unte
r an
d it
s lo
cati
on s
houl
d be
cle
arly
id
enti
fied
by d
ispl
ayin
g th
e in
tern
atio
nal l
oop
syst
em (
Deaf
) si
gnal
.
8IC
TAW
here
ass
isti
ve li
sten
ing
syst
ems
are
prov
ided
, a
sign
ann
ounc
ing
thei
r av
aila
bilit
y sh
ould
be
post
ed.
Canadian human rights commission44
Canadian human rights commission 45
COM
PUTE
RRO
OMS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Aisl
es
1Th
e cl
ear
wid
th o
f ai
sles
sha
ll be
a
min
imum
of
920
915
900
1060
920
Coun
ters
/Tab
les
2At
sea
ting
spa
ces
for
pers
ons
in w
heel
chai
rs t
here
sha
ll be
ad
equa
te m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
to a
ppro
ach
the
seat
ing
area
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
3Fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r se
atin
g sp
ace,
kne
espa
ce, c
ount
er a
nd
tabl
e su
rface
s, s
ee s
ectio
n on
AN
THRO
POM
ETRI
CSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Cont
rols
4Fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r co
ntro
ls, s
ee
sect
ion
on A
NTHR
OPOM
ETRI
CSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Othe
r5
Info
rmat
ion
on v
isua
l dis
play
s co
lour
shal
l be
supp
lem
ente
d by
tac
tile
cont
rast
in
and/
or a
udito
ry in
form
atio
n,
lum
inan
ceco
lour
con
tras
ted,
and
loca
ted
and
glar
e-on
a g
lare
-fre
e su
rface
yes
free
surfa
ceye
s
6Fo
r re
quire
men
ts a
t do
ors,
see
se
ctio
n on
DOO
RSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
7Fo
r ci
rcul
atio
n an
d ac
cess
rout
e re
quire
men
ts, s
ee s
ectio
n on
AC
CESS
ROU
TES
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
8Fo
r an
y si
gnag
e re
quire
men
ts, s
ee
sect
ion
on S
IGNA
GEye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Note
:Sum
mar
y an
d te
chni
cal c
omm
ents
for
the
sect
ion
on C
ompu
ter
Room
s ca
n be
foun
d in
the
sec
tion
on W
orks
tatio
ns.
Canadian human rights commission46
CURB RAMPS, CROSSINGS AND ISLANDSCurb ramps are required to be stable, firm, and slip-resistant (1) by most codes and standards. Curbramps are required to have a level transition (2) between the ramp and the adjacent surface.This is a change from previous codes and standards that used to require a small lip at curbs.Appropriate drainage (4) is recommended with the maximum counter slope of 1:20, a requirement of Canada, the U.S., and the Philippines.
The maximum running slope of the curb varies from 1:8 to 1:16, with the best practice recommendationbeing 1:12 - 1:16. The width of a curb ramp (11) varies from 900 mm to 1220 mm with the bestpractice being 1000 mm. Canada requires curb ramps to be between 1200 to 1500 mm where theyare exposed to snow (12). A detectable warning surface (13) with colour and texture contrast isrequired by most codes and standards with the Philippines recommending tactile blocks and Swedenrequiring a different texture and luminance.
Curb ramps should be provided at both sides of the street and shall be aligned (20). A number ofcountries require that the curb ramps be wholly contained within the markings (23) of the crosswalk,an excellent idea. Although the U.S., Mexico and Lebanon allow corner curb ramps, both Canada andSouth Africa recommend that these be avoided.
A level area at a traffic island (29) should be provided at least 1300 mm long. Canada and Lebanon alsorequire a detectable warning surface (31) on the level islands
The CSA comments that curb ramps that project into the roadway are not recommended as they aredangerous to users and obstruct vehicles. The Philippines recommends that tactile blocks be providedin the immediate vicinity of crossings. The U.N. Lebanon guidelines recommend that guide stripsbe constructed to indicate the position of the pedestrian crossing for the benefit of people withvisual impairments.
Canadian human rights commission 47
CURB
RAM
PS,
CROS
SIN
GS A
ND
ISLA
NDS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Gene
ral
1Cu
rb ra
mp
surfa
ce t
o be
sta
ble,
fir
m, a
nd s
lip-r
esis
tant
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
slip
-res
ista
ntye
ssl
ip-r
esis
tant
yes
roug
h te
xtur
eye
sye
s
2Cu
rb ra
mp
to h
ave
a le
vel
tran
sitio
n fro
m t
he ra
mp
to
the
adja
cent
sur
face
sye
sye
sye
sm
ax. 1
5ye
sye
s
3M
inim
um le
vel w
alki
ng s
pace
bac
k fro
m t
he t
op o
f a
curb
ram
p sl
ope
low
er a
rea,
so p
edes
tria
n ca
n av
oid
the
curb
m
ax. s
lope
ram
p is
920
915
1200
1200
1200
1330
1:12
1060
1200
4Cu
rb ra
mp
desi
gn s
hall
prov
ide
for
appr
opria
te d
rain
age
so t
hat
wat
erw
ill n
ot a
ccum
ulat
e on
the
pat
h of
tra
vel
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
5Re
turn
ed c
urbs
and
oth
er e
dges
pa
ralle
l to
pede
stria
n flo
w m
ay
be u
sed
whe
re p
edes
tria
ns w
ould
no
t be
exp
ecte
d to
wal
k ac
ross
th
e ra
mp
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Slop
e6
Max
imum
cou
nter
slo
pe o
f gu
tter
s an
d ro
ad s
urfa
ces
adja
cent
to
curb
ram
p1:
201:
201:
201:
201:
20
7M
axim
um r
unni
ng s
lope
of
the
1:10
(ris
e1:
8 -
1:10
curb
ram
p sh
all b
e15
0 -
200)
,(7
5 hi
gh),
1:12
1:10
- 1
:12
1:15
- 1
:10
1:12
1:16
- 1
:12
1:8
1:12
1:8
1:12
(ris
e +2
00)
1:8
1:12
(150
hig
h)1:
12 -
1:1
6
8W
here
the
re is
no
leve
l spa
ce b
ack
from
the
top
of
a cu
rb ra
mp
slop
e,
max
imum
slo
pe o
fthe
fla
re is
1:12
1:12
- 1
:16
Flar
ed S
ides
9Cu
rb ra
mp
to h
ave
flare
d si
des
whe
re p
edes
tria
ns a
re li
kely
to
wal
k ac
ross
the
mye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
10Sl
ope
of f
lare
d si
de b
etw
een
1:15
- 1
:10
1:10
1:10
max
.45
˚1:
121:
101:
12 -
1:1
5
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
Curb
Wid
th11
Wid
th o
f cu
rb ra
mp
(not
incl
udin
g m
in. 9
00 -
flare
) sh
all b
e at
leas
t92
092
091
510
0090
0m
ax. 1
000
900
900
1000
900
1220
1000
12W
here
exp
osed
to
snow
wid
th
of c
urb
ram
p (n
ot in
clud
ing
flare
) sh
all b
e12
00 -
150
012
00 -
150
0
Dete
ctab
le W
arni
ng S
urfa
ces
13Cu
rb ra
mp
to h
ave
dete
ctab
le
war
ning
sur
face
with
col
our
and
diffe
rent
te
xtur
e co
ntra
st w
ith a
djac
ent
text
ure
text
ure
and
surfa
ces
yes
cont
rast
yes
lum
inan
ceye
sta
ctile
blo
cks
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
14Th
e de
tect
able
war
ning
sur
face
on
surfa
ce is
a
the
curb
ram
p to
hav
e a
dept
h of
600
- 65
0bu
bble
ram
p30
060
0 m
in.
600
600
- 65
0
15Th
e de
tect
able
war
ning
sur
face
on
the
cur
b ra
mp
to s
tart
bac
k
imm
edia
te
from
the
cur
b/gu
tter
a d
ista
nce
of15
0 -
200
vici
nity
300
yes
150
- 20
0
16Th
e de
tect
able
war
ning
sur
face
to
ext
end
the
full
wid
th o
f th
e cu
rb ra
mp
yes
noye
sye
sye
sye
s
17As
a d
etec
tabl
e w
arni
ng s
urfa
ce
is re
quire
d on
a c
urb
ram
p, a
le
vel c
urb
to g
utte
r tr
ansi
tion
is
perm
issi
ble
yes
yes
18Se
e se
ctio
n on
DET
ECTA
BLE
WAR
NING
S fo
r ad
ditio
nal
requ
irem
ents
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Loca
tion
19Is
a c
urb
ram
p pr
ovid
ed a
t bo
th
whe
resi
des
of t
he s
tree
tcr
ossi
ngye
sye
sye
spe
rmitt
edye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
20Cu
rb ra
mps
pro
vide
d at
bot
h si
des
as n
ear
of t
he s
tree
t sh
all b
e al
igne
d w
ith
perp
endi
cula
r th
e op
posi
te c
urb
cut
to s
tree
tye
sye
sye
sas
pos
sibl
eye
sye
sye
sye
s
21Cu
rb ra
mps
to
be lo
cate
d at
the
sid
e of
the
cro
ssw
alk
fart
hest
from
the
para
llel v
ehic
ular
road
way
yes
yes
yes
CURB
RAM
PS,
CROS
SIN
GS A
ND
ISLA
NDS
(fro
m p
age
47)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission48
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
22Cu
rb ra
mps
sha
ll be
loca
ted
so
that
the
y do
not
pro
ject
into
us
ual l
ine
vehi
cula
r tr
affic
lane
s pa
rkin
g of
ped
estr
ian
spac
es o
r pa
rkin
g ac
cess
ais
les
yes
yes
flow
yes
23Cu
rb ra
mps
at
mar
ked
cros
sing
s sh
all b
e w
holly
con
tain
ed w
ithin
th
e m
arki
ngs
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
24Cu
rb ra
mps
sha
ll le
ad p
eopl
e lo
cate
at
the
dire
ctly
into
the
cro
ssin
g ar
ea
near
est
mos
tde
sign
ated
for
pede
stria
n us
eco
nven
ient
yes
yes
part
yes
yes
noye
sye
s
Diag
onal
Cur
b Cu
ts25
Are
corn
er c
urb
ram
p pe
rmitt
edav
oid
yes
yes
avoi
dye
sno
26Th
e bo
ttom
of
diag
onal
cur
b ra
mps
sha
ll ha
ve a
cle
ar s
pace
ou
tsid
e ac
tive
traf
fic la
nes
of t
he ro
adw
ay a
min
imum
1220
yes
yes
27Di
agon
al c
urb
ram
ps p
rovi
ded
at
diag
onal
mar
ked
cros
sing
s sh
all p
rovi
de
cros
sing
sa
min
imum
cle
ar s
pace
with
in t
he
shou
ld n
otm
arki
ngs
of12
20ye
sbe
use
d
28Di
agon
al c
urb
ram
ps w
ith f
lare
d si
des
shal
l hav
e a
segm
ent
of
diag
onal
cu
rb, l
ocat
ed o
n ea
ch s
ide
of t
he
cros
sing
scu
rb ra
mp,
and
with
in t
he m
arke
d sh
ould
not
cros
sing
, a m
inim
um le
ngth
of
610
1220
be u
sed
Traf
fic
Isla
nds
29M
inim
um le
ngth
of
leve
l are
a ye
s, o
r ha
vebe
twee
n cu
rb ra
mps
on
isla
nds
1200
1220
1500
1200
curb
ram
ps15
0013
7013
00
30Ra
ised
isla
nds
in a
cro
ssin
gs
yes
or h
ave
yes
or h
ave
to b
e cu
t th
roug
h le
vel w
ith
curb
ram
psa
curb
ram
pth
e st
reet
with
a
with
a
leve
l are
a le
vel a
rea
yes
yes
yes
1200
x 1
500
1060
x 1
370
yes
31Is
land
s le
vel w
ith t
he s
tree
t m
ore
than
120
0 in
dep
th, s
hall
have
a
dete
ctab
le w
arni
ng s
urfa
ce s
et
back
fro
m t
he s
tree
t a
dist
ance
of
150
- 20
0ye
s15
0 -
200
Canadian human rights commission 49
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
32Is
land
s le
vel w
ith t
he s
tree
t m
ore
than
120
0 in
dep
th, s
hall
have
a
dete
ctab
le w
arni
ng s
urfa
ce in
de
pth
that
is60
0 -
650
600
600
- 65
0
33Is
land
s le
vel w
ith t
he s
tree
t sh
all h
ave
a de
tect
able
war
ning
su
rface
tha
t co
ntra
sts
with
the
surro
undi
ng w
alki
ng s
urfa
ces
yes
yes
yes
yes
CURB
RAM
PS,
CROS
SIN
GS A
ND
ISLA
NDS
(fro
m p
age
49)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission50
CURB
RAM
PS,
CROS
SIN
GS A
ND
ISLA
NDS
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1CS
ATh
e fla
red
side
s of
cur
b ra
mps
may
be
loca
ted
outs
ide
the
pede
stria
n cr
ossw
alk
mar
king
s.
2CS
ACu
rb r
amps
tha
t pr
ojec
t in
to t
he r
oadw
ay a
re n
ot r
ecom
men
ded
as t
hey
are
dang
erou
s to
use
rs a
nd o
bstr
ucti
ve t
o ve
hicl
es.
3AD
AAG
Curb
ram
ps a
nd t
he f
lare
d si
des
shal
l be
loca
ted
so t
hat
they
do
not
proj
ect
into
veh
icul
ar t
raff
ic la
nes,
par
king
spa
ces,
or
park
ing
acce
ss a
isle
s.
4Sw
eden
Curb
s be
twee
n pe
dest
rian
area
and
tra
ffic
are
a sh
ould
hav
e a
min
. he
ight
of
400
mm
.
5So
uth
Afric
aVi
sibl
e, a
udib
le a
nd t
acti
le w
arni
ng d
evic
es s
houl
d be
con
side
red
whe
re t
hese
are
req
uire
d.
6Si
ngap
ore
Curb
ram
ps d
o no
t re
quire
han
drai
ls.
7Si
ngap
ore
Curb
ram
ps s
hall
be lo
cate
d or
pro
tect
ed t
o pr
even
t ob
stru
ctio
n by
par
ked
vehi
cles
.
8Si
ngap
ore
Curb
ram
ps s
hall
be f
ree
from
any
obs
truc
tion
suc
h as
sig
npos
ts,
traf
fic li
ghts
and
sim
ilar
item
s.
9Si
ngap
ore
A te
xtur
ed c
urb
ram
p su
rfac
e w
ill a
ssis
t in
giv
ing
a se
cure
foo
thol
d to
the
am
bula
nt d
isab
led.
10Ph
ilipp
ines
Curb
cut
out
sho
uld
only
be
allo
wed
whe
n it
will
not
obs
truc
t a
wal
kway
or
in a
ny w
ay le
ssen
the
wid
th o
f a
wal
kway
.
11Ph
ilipp
ines
Prov
ide
tact
ile b
lock
s in
the
imm
edia
te v
icin
ity
of c
ross
ings
as
an a
id t
o pe
ople
who
are
blin
d. T
he t
acti
le s
urfa
ce h
as t
o be
suf
ficie
ntly
hig
h en
ough
to
be f
elt
thro
ugh
the
sole
of
the
shoe
, bu
t lo
w e
noug
h no
t to
cau
se p
edes
tria
ns t
o tr
ip.
12U
NLo
w-t
raff
ic c
ross
ings
fre
quen
tly
used
by
peop
le w
ith
disa
bilit
ies
can
be c
ontr
olle
d by
a p
edes
tria
n pu
sh-b
utto
n sy
stem
.
13U
NCo
nstr
ucti
ng t
raff
ic i
slan
ds t
o re
duce
the
leng
th o
f th
e cr
ossi
ng i
s re
com
men
ded
for
the
safe
ty o
f al
l roa
d us
ers.
14U
NGu
ide
stri
ps s
houl
d be
con
stru
cted
to
indi
cate
d th
e po
siti
on o
f pe
dest
rian
cros
sing
s fo
r th
e be
nefi
t of
vis
ually
im
paire
d pe
dest
rians
.
15U
NTh
e ro
ad s
urfa
ce a
t pe
dest
rian
cros
sing
s ca
n be
rai
sed
to t
he s
ame
leve
l as
the
path
way
so
that
whe
elch
air
user
s do
not
hav
e to
ove
rcom
e di
ffer
ence
s in
hei
ght.
16U
NTo
avo
id c
onfu
sing
peo
ple
wit
h vi
sual
im
pair
men
ts,
curb
ram
ps s
houl
d be
pos
itio
ned
out
of t
he u
sual
line
of
pede
stria
n flo
w.
17Lo
ndon
AFG
Whi
le a
sm
ooth
tra
nsit
ion
and
min
imal
slo
pe a
re id
eal f
or s
omeo
ne i
n a
whe
elch
air,
they
are
a p
oten
tial
haz
ard
to p
eopl
e w
ith
a vi
sual
im
pair
men
t w
ho m
ay n
ot n
otic
e th
e tr
ansi
tion
fro
m s
idew
alk
to s
tree
t. T
extu
red
surf
aces
are
an
im
port
ant
safe
ty f
eatu
re i
n th
ese
circ
umst
ance
s.
Canadian human rights commission 51
Canadian human rights commission52
DETECTABLE INDICATORSDetectable indicators are increasingly being applied to the built environment to assist in wayfindingfor persons of who have a vision impairment. This analysis includes detectable hazard indicators aswell as detectable direction indicators, the difference between them being very important, hazardindicators are intended to warn people of an upcoming hazard whereas direction indicators areto assist in wayfinding.
Detectable hazard indicators are generally detectable markings including truncated domes that arerequired by Canada and the U.S. The Philippines says that hazard indicators (1) should be high enoughto be detected but not create a trip hazard, whereas Singapore requires a diameter of 35 ± 1 with a top diameter of 25 ± 1. Hazard indicators are required to be organized in a regular pattern, tobe slip-resistant (4), colour contrasted (5) and to be installed at a regular distance back fromthe edge of the hazard. Canada requires the edge of the hazard indicator to be located a distance of600 to 650 mm back from the edge of the hazard (6), Uruguay 500 to 600 mm back, Singapore 300 mmback and the Philippines, that it be located before the hazard, the Expert Panel recommending that thehazard indicator be 500 - 600 mm back from the hazard. An important consideration is that thedetectable hazard indicators not create a tripping hazard (9), something specified by Canada, thePhilippines and Canadian AFG.
Detectable direction indicators are specified by Canada, Uruguay and Singapore with continuous ridges or patterns specified. The width of the detectable direction indicator from 600 - 800 mm forCanada, 200 to 600 mm in Uruguay, 300 mm in the Philippines and 600 minimum in Singapore.
The provision of both hazard indicators and direction indicators is clearly an area where international collaboration is required to ensure that a uniform surface is used to warn people.This is particularly important for people who are blind and have low vision.
Comments from CSA recommend that detectable direction indicators be located in large open floorareas and in shopping malls and transportation terminals to facilitate wayfinding. The Philippinesrequires tactile blocks in the vicinity of pedestrian crossings in the outdoor environment, whileSingapore states that orientation and mobility of persons with visual impairments will be greatlyenhanced through the use of tactile ground surface indicators. They further specify that they becolour and luminance contrasted against their surroundings, an excellent recommendation.
Dete
ctab
le H
azar
d In
dica
tors
1De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs s
hall
trun
cate
da
bubb
leta
ctile
trun
cate
dch
ange
inta
ctile
be c
ompo
sed
ofdo
mes
ram
pbl
ocks
dom
este
xtur
em
arki
ngs
2De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs s
hall
yes,
be c
ompo
sed
of t
runc
ated
dom
es
high
an
d ba
sehi
ghw
ith
a he
ight
of
5 ±
0.5
mm
enou
gh t
odi
amet
er o
f
enou
gh t
o an
d w
ith
a ba
se d
iam
eter
of
be d
etec
ted
35 ±
1,
be d
etec
ted
23 ±
2 m
mbu
t no
t a
top
diam
eter
but
not
aye
sye
str
ip h
azar
dof
25
±1
trip
haz
ard
3De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs s
hall
50 o
n ce
ntre
orga
nize
dbe
org
aniz
ed in
a re
gula
r pa
tter
n an
d 15
in a
w
ith s
paci
ng o
n ce
ntre
of
betw
een
regu
lar
60 ±
541
- 6
1ba
ses
patt
ern
4De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs s
hall
be s
lip-r
esis
tant
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
5De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs s
hall
have
a c
olou
r th
at c
ontr
asts
with
te
xtur
eye
s, t
extu
reth
e su
rroun
ding
sur
face
by
at
colo
uran
d co
lour
and
colo
urle
ast
70%
yes
yes
cont
rast
cont
rast
cont
rast
yes
6De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs s
hall
be in
stal
led
at a
dis
tanc
e ba
ck
one
step
/fro
m t
he e
dge
of t
he h
azar
d60
0 -
650
500
- 60
0be
fore
haz
ard
300
trea
d ba
ck50
0 -
600
7De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs s
hall
be in
stal
led
alon
g th
e fu
ll w
idth
of
the
haz
ard
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
8De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs
shal
l be
inst
alle
d so
tha
t th
e ba
se s
urfa
ce is
leve
l with
the
su
rroun
ding
sur
face
or
not
abov
e th
e su
rroun
ding
sur
face
mor
e th
an3
not
a ha
zard
5 ±
1 m
ax.
3
9De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs s
hall
not
crea
te a
trip
ping
haz
ard
yes
yes
yes
yes
Dete
ctab
le D
irec
tion
Ind
icat
ors
10De
tect
able
dire
ctio
n in
dica
tors
sh
all f
acili
tate
way
findi
ng in
op
en a
reas
and
sig
nals
a ro
ute
to
be
take
nye
sye
sye
sye
s
Canadian human rights commission 53
DETE
CTAB
LE I
NDI
CATO
RS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
11A
dete
ctab
le d
irect
ion
indi
cato
r ye
s, o
n til
essh
all b
e co
mpo
sed
ofco
ntin
uous
300
x 30
0co
ntin
uous
rid
ges
tact
ile b
lock
sin
siz
erid
ges
12De
tect
able
dire
ctio
n in
dica
tors
sh
all b
e in
stal
led
and
have
a
wid
th o
f be
twee
n60
0 -
800
200
- 60
030
060
0 m
in.
600
- 80
0
13De
tect
able
dire
ctio
n in
dica
tors
sh
all b
e in
stal
led
and
have
a c
lear
w
idth
on
each
sid
e of
at
leas
t32
080
032
0
14A
dete
ctab
le d
irect
ion
indi
cato
r sh
all b
e in
stal
led
with
the
rid
ges
runn
ing
in t
he d
irect
ion
of t
he
rout
e of
tra
vel
yes
yes
15A
dete
ctab
le d
irect
ion
indi
cato
r sh
all b
e in
stal
led
to n
ot c
reat
e a
trip
ping
haz
ard
yes
yes
yes
16A
dete
ctab
le d
irect
ion
indi
cato
r sh
all b
e in
stal
led
and
have
th
e ba
se s
urfa
ce le
vel w
ith t
he
surro
undi
ng s
urfa
ce o
r no
t ab
ove
the
surro
undi
ng s
urfa
ce
5 ±
1 (m
ax.
mor
e th
an3
tota
l hei
ght)
3
DETE
CTAB
LE I
NDI
CATO
RS (
from
pag
e 53
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission54
DETE
CTAB
LE I
NDI
CATO
RS C
OMM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1CS
ADe
tect
able
dire
ctio
n in
dica
tors
sho
uld
be lo
cate
d in
larg
e op
en f
loor
are
as (
such
as
shop
ping
mal
ls o
r tr
ansp
orta
tion
ter
min
als)
to
faci
litat
e w
ayfi
ndin
g by
ind
icat
ing
the
prim
ary
rout
es o
f tr
avel
.
2Ph
ilipp
ines
Tact
ile b
lock
s sh
ould
be
prov
ided
in
the
imm
edia
te v
icin
ity
of c
ross
ings
as
an a
id t
o pe
ople
who
are
vis
ually
im
paire
d. T
he t
acti
le s
urfa
ce h
as t
o be
suf
ficie
ntly
hig
h en
ough
to
be f
elt
thro
ugh
the
sole
of
the
shoe
, bu
t lo
w e
noug
h no
t to
cau
se p
edes
tria
ns t
o tr
ip.
3Si
ngap
ore
The
orie
ntat
ion
and
mob
ility
of
pers
ons
wit
h vi
sual
im
pair
men
ts w
ill b
e gr
eatl
y en
hanc
ed t
hrou
gh t
he u
se o
f ta
ctile
gro
und
surf
ace
indi
cato
rs.
4Si
ngap
ore
War
ning
ind
icat
ors
war
n of
eit
her
a ha
zard
or
a de
stin
atio
n.
5Si
ngap
ore
War
ning
ind
icat
ors
and
dire
ctio
nal i
ndic
ator
s sh
ould
be
tile
s 30
0 x
300
mm
in
size
.
6Si
ngap
ore
War
ning
tre
atm
ents
may
be
requ
ired
at h
azar
dous
loca
tion
s su
ch a
s st
eps,
sta
irs,
rai
lway
pla
tfor
ms,
ped
estr
ian
cros
sing
s an
d w
harv
es.
7Si
ngap
ore
War
ning
tre
atm
ents
may
be
requ
ired
at d
esti
nati
ons
to p
rovi
de i
nfor
mat
ion
abou
t th
e lo
cati
on o
f am
enit
ies
such
as
tick
etin
g m
achi
nes,
pho
ne b
ooth
s an
d th
e lik
e.
8Si
ngap
ore
Tact
ile g
roun
d su
rfac
e in
dica
tors
act
as
land
mar
ks,
as s
uch
its
appl
icat
ion
mus
t be
tar
gete
d.
9Si
ngap
ore
Tact
ile g
roun
d su
rfac
e in
dica
tors
sho
uld
be c
olou
r an
d lu
min
ance
con
tras
ted
agai
nst
thei
r su
rrou
ndin
g su
rfac
es.
10Si
ngap
ore
A w
arni
ng t
reat
men
t sh
ould
be
appl
ied
perp
endi
cula
r to
the
haz
ard.
11U
NA
tact
ile g
uidi
ng a
rea
pref
erab
ly o
f ru
bber
tile
s, w
ith
min
imum
dim
ensi
ons
of 9
00 x
900
mm
sho
uld
be c
onst
ruct
ed i
n a
guid
e st
rip
at c
ross
pat
hway
s, a
t pe
dest
rian
cros
sing
s an
d ar
ound
obs
truc
tion
s.
Canadian human rights commission 55
Canadian human rights commission56
DOORSThe main entrance should be served by an accessible route, (1) a requirement in most of the codesand standards. Singapore and Lebanon require that there be a power door operator on at leastone entrance door, while Sweden requires one only if the door is heavy, South Africa states it as apreference and Australia requires a power operator if the depth of the recess of the entrance door isgreater than 300 mm. As a best practice, power doors should be provided at main entrance doorsas some people are not able to open doors independently. Many countries specify an illuminationlevel of at least 200 lux at the entrance door, a feature that is appreciated by everyone.
The minimum clear width for doorways (3) varies from 750 mm in South Africa to 1000 mm inBangladesh, although the majority recommend 800 mm. The Expert Panel selected a minimumclear width of 850 mm as the best practice. Revolving doors (2) are not permitted in Malaysia. Anadjacent door, whenever a revolving door is provided, is called for in the majority of other codes.The height of door hardware (5) varies somewhat but was generally recommended to be a height of800 - 1000 mm.
A small threshold (9) of up to 20 mm is permitted in Lebanon but Singapore recommends thatthresholds be level, and the Philippines state a preference for no threshold. The best practice recommendation is a level interior threshold with a maximum 6 mm for exterior thresholds. This specification varies due to geographic and weather considerations but high thresholds can cause a tripping hazard and may be difficult for people to wheel over.
The provision of two doors in a series (14) with limited space between them causes a serious hazardas people who use wheelchairs may get caught between the doors. Canada, the U.S., Singapore andLebanon call for a minimum of 1200 mm of clear floor space between the open door swing and theface of the next door, while South Africa, Ireland and the Philippines measure it from the face of onedoor to the face of the next at 1800 mm.
Canada provides details on the location of the automatic door controls, specifying that they be located along the route of travel (20), clear of the door swing (22), that they be clearly visible (21), and mounted at a height between 800 - 1200 mm. This useful information ensuresthat controls are accessible to everyone.
Adequate manoeuvring space beside doors is addressed by most countries but it is not required by Mexico, Uruguay, South Africa, Bangladesh or Malaysia. Generally, an area of 1500 x 1500 mm is required in front of doors to provide sufficient room to reach the door handle, open the door and locate a mobility device such as a walker or wheelchair outside of the swing of thedoor. Different requirements are provided for various types of doors. Where glazing is provided in doors (50), a number of countries specified that it be installed at a height that people who usewheelchairs or are of short stature are able to see through the glass.
The danger of people walking into glass doors has increasingly been recognized as seen by a number of comments from Sweden, Canada, South Africa and Singapore that require that there be markings at eye levels to assist people with visual impairments and others to detect the presence of the door. Other interesting comments recommend that door hardware contrast strongly with the background (Singapore), and that glass doors have a kickplate at the bottom edge(Uruguay). Australia suggests that canopies for weather protection may enable the elimination ofthresholds.
For additional summary information on doors and entrances, see the section on ENTRANCES.
Canadian human rights commission 57
DOOR
S
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Gene
ral
1W
here
a t
urns
tile
is u
sed
it sh
all
have
an
adja
cent
gat
e w
ith a
tu
rnst
iles
min
imum
cle
ar w
idth
of
810
800
815
yes
750
800
not
allo
wed
900
800
yes
950
900
2W
here
revo
lvin
g do
ors
are
used
an
adja
cent
doo
r sh
all b
e re
volv
ing
prov
ided
tha
t co
mpl
ies
with
do
ors
not
the
requ
irem
ents
for
clea
r w
idth
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
allo
wed
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Clea
r W
idth
3Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
wid
th
900
exte
rior,
of a
doo
rway
sha
ll be
800
exte
rior,
800,
760
800
inte
rior,
810
800
815
900
800
800
750
inte
rior
850
750
1000
800
was
hroo
m90
080
075
0 w
ashr
oom
950
850
Door
Har
dwar
e, C
losi
ng T
ime
and
Forc
es
4Do
or h
ardw
are
to b
e op
erab
le
oper
able
by o
ne h
and
with
out
tight
w
ith o
ne
gras
ping
, pin
chin
g, o
r tw
istin
g ha
nd, a
ndof
the
wris
tav
oid
roun
dye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sdo
or k
nobs
yes
yes
yes
pref
erre
dye
sye
sye
s
5Do
or h
ardw
are
to b
e m
ount
ed
abov
e flo
or a
t a
heig
ht o
f80
0 -
1200
865
- 12
2095
080
0 -
1000
850
- 11
0010
00 m
ax.
820
- 10
6090
0 -
1100
900
- 11
0090
0 -
1000
400
- 12
0080
0 -
1000
6M
inim
um t
ime
for
door
equ
ippe
d w
ith a
clo
ser
to c
lose
fro
m 9
0˚
to 1
2˚ s
hall
be3
s3
s5
s3
s3
s3
s5
s
7M
axim
um fo
rce
requ
ired
to
door
s w
ithpu
sh o
r pu
ll op
en a
n ex
terio
r cl
oser
s sw
ingi
ng d
oor
shou
ld h
ave
auto
mat
icm
inim
al38
N38
Nop
ener
s38
N30
N4
kg38
Nef
fort
38 N
30 N
8M
axim
um fo
rce
requ
ired
to
door
s w
ithpu
sh o
r pu
ll op
en a
n in
terio
r
clos
ers
swin
ging
doo
rsh
ould
hav
e au
tom
atic
min
imal
22 N
22 N
22.2
Nop
ener
s22
N30
N4
kg22
N19
.5 N
effo
rt22
N19
.5 N
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
Thre
shol
ds9
The
max
imum
thr
esho
ld h
eigh
t 56
at d
oors
to
be n
o m
ore
than
(with
a 1
:8no
ne
ram
p w
ithle
vel
pref
erre
d,m
ax. l
engt
hin
terio
r,13
1313
1315
max
.m
ax. 2
5m
inim
albe
leve
lof
450
)20
136
exte
rior
10M
axim
um t
hres
hold
hei
ght
at
exte
rior
slid
ing
door
s19
1925
2019
11Th
resh
olds
ove
r a
heig
ht o
f 6
mm
if
over
15
to b
e be
velle
d to
a m
axim
um
beve
lled
slop
e of
1:2
1:2
1:12
at 1
:10
1:12
1:8
yes
1:2
1:8
Doub
le L
eaf
Door
s12
At d
oubl
e-le
af d
oors
, at
leas
t on
e le
af c
ompl
ies
with
requ
irem
ents
fo
r cl
ear
wid
th a
nd m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
at d
oors
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
13If
doo
rs h
ave
mor
e th
an o
ne
inde
pend
ently
ope
rate
d le
af a
nd
whe
re o
nly
one
door
is a
cces
sibl
e in
a b
ank
of d
oors
, it
shal
l be
iden
tifie
d by
the
Int
erna
tiona
l Sy
mbo
l of
Acce
ssye
sye
sye
s
Door
s in
Ser
ies
14Fo
r do
ors
in s
erie
s, t
he d
ista
nce
betw
een
two
swin
ging
doo
rs p
lus
1700
fro
m18
00 f
rom
1800
fro
mth
e w
idth
of
the
door
sw
ing
into
cl
osed
face
clos
ed fa
cecl
osed
face
the
spac
e, s
hall
be a
t le
ast
1200
1200
1220
to fa
ceto
face
to fa
ce12
0013
5012
0013
7013
50
Slid
ing
Door
15
Slid
ing
door
har
dwar
e to
at
leas
t be
exp
osed
and
usa
ble
from
60
mm
both
sid
esof
cle
arye
sye
sfin
ger
spac
eye
sye
sye
sye
s
16M
axim
um fo
rce
to o
pen
a sl
idin
gfin
ger
tipfin
ger
tipor
fold
ing
door
22 N
22.2
N25
Npr
essu
re22
N19
.5 N
pres
sure
DOOR
S (f
rom
pag
e 57
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission58
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Pow
er-A
ssis
ted
Door
s17
A po
wer
-ass
iste
d sw
ingi
ng
time
for
safe
door
sha
ll re
mai
n op
en fo
r a
pass
age
by a
min
imum
of
pers
on w
ith
a m
obili
tyad
equa
te5
sim
pairm
ent
inte
rval
5 s
18Po
wer
-ass
iste
d do
ors
to s
win
g fu
lly o
pen
from
clo
sed
shal
l tak
e at
leas
t3
s3
s3
s3
s3
s
19At
pow
er-a
ssis
ted
swin
g do
ors
open
ing
into
the
rout
e of
tra
vel,
yes
(can
eth
ere
shal
l be
a ca
ne d
etec
tabl
e de
tect
able
guar
drai
l or
barri
erye
sat
580
)ye
sye
sye
s
20Fo
r do
ors
that
are
not
auto
mat
ical
ly a
ctiv
ated
, con
trols
to o
pen
pow
er-a
ssis
ted
door
s
shal
l be
loca
ted
alon
g th
e ro
ute
of
tra
vel
yes
yes
yes
21Fo
r do
ors
that
are
not
au
tom
atic
ally
act
ivat
ed, c
ontro
ls to
ope
n po
wer
-ass
iste
d do
ors
min
. 40%
shal
l be
clea
rly v
isib
le b
efor
e lu
min
ance
reac
hing
the
doo
rye
sco
ntra
stye
sye
s
22Fo
r do
ors
that
are
not
au
tom
atic
ally
act
ivat
ed, c
ontro
lsno
t cl
oser
to
ope
n po
wer
-ass
iste
d do
ors
than
100
0 sh
all b
e cl
ear
of t
he d
oor
swin
g
to t
he a
rcor
any
oth
er f
ixtu
reof
the
yes
yes
door
sw
ing
yes
yes
23Fo
r do
ors
that
are
not
au
tom
atic
ally
act
ivat
ed, c
ontr
ols
900
- 12
00to
ope
n po
wer
-ass
iste
d do
ors
push
but
ton,
shal
l be
loca
ted
at a
hei
ght
abov
e 90
0 -
1250
the
floor
bet
wee
n80
0 -
1200
800
700
- 12
00to
uch
pad
900
- 12
0080
0 -
900
24Th
e co
ntro
ls fo
r po
wer
-ass
iste
d do
ors
shal
l con
sist
of
activ
atio
n pa
ds t
hat
are
oper
able
by
touc
hing
any
par
t of
the
sur
face
po
wer
with
a f
ist,
arm
, or
one
hand
, co
ntro
ls b
ew
ithou
t tig
ht g
rasp
ing,
pin
chin
g,
of s
uita
ble
or t
wis
ting
of t
he w
rist
yes
desi
gnye
sye
s
Canadian human rights commission 59
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
25Th
e co
ntro
ls fo
r po
wer
-ass
iste
d do
ors
shal
l hav
e di
men
sion
s of
di
amet
erat
leas
t25
x 7
5of
150
25 x
75
26Th
e co
ntro
ls f
or p
ower
-ass
iste
d do
ors
shal
l be
mar
ked
with
the
In
tern
atio
nal S
ymbo
l of
Acce
ssye
sye
s
27A
pow
er-a
ssis
ted
door
requ
ires
a fo
rce
to s
top
its m
ovem
ent
of n
ot
mor
e th
an66
N66
N66
N66
N
Man
oeuv
ring
Spa
ce28
Door
way
s sh
all h
ave
a le
vel
man
oeuv
ring
area
on
the
push
an
d pu
ll si
des
of a
doo
rye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
29Do
orw
ays
shal
l hav
e a
clea
r flo
or a
rea
besi
de t
he la
tch
edge
th
at e
xten
ds t
he f
ull h
eigh
t of
th
e do
orye
sye
s
30A
clea
r flo
or a
rea
on t
he in
terio
r of
a c
lose
t is
not
requ
ired
yes
yes
yes
yes
31M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g flo
or
spac
e –
front
app
roac
h –
pull
side
1500
x 1
500
1525
x 1
270
1500
x 1
500
1800
x 1
350
1500
x 1
500
1500
x 1
500
1350
x 1
380
1525
x 1
600
1525
x 1
600
32M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g flo
or
spac
e –
front
app
roac
h –
push
sid
e12
00 x
120
012
20 x
112
015
00 x
900
1500
x 1
500
1200
x 1
200
1350
x 1
270
1370
x 1
250
1500
x 1
500
33M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g flo
or
spac
e –
latc
h si
de a
ppro
ach
– pu
ll si
de12
00 x
150
012
20 x
142
515
00 x
150
015
00 x
150
015
10 x
175
012
00 x
160
013
70 x
160
015
00 x
175
0
34M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g flo
or
spac
e –
latc
h si
de a
ppro
ach
– pu
sh s
ide
1050
x 1
500
1065
x 1
425
1500
x 1
500
1200
x 2
000
1500
x 1
500
1200
x 1
610
1200
x 1
400
1370
x 1
525
1500
x 1
500
35M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g flo
or
1525
x 1
730
spac
e –
hing
e si
de a
ppro
ach
– or
pull
side
1500
x 1
500
1370
x 1
880
1500
x 1
500
1500
x 1
500
1500
x 1
500
1510
x 2
250
1400
x 1
700
2440
x 2
440
1500
x 1
750
36M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g flo
or
spac
e –
hing
e si
de a
ppro
ach
– pu
sh s
ide
1050
x 1
350
1065
x 1
375
1500
x 1
500
1500
x 1
500
1160
x 1
630
1200
x 1
600
1370
x 1
830
1500
x 1
500
DOOR
S (f
rom
pag
e 59
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission60
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
37M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
besi
de d
oor
– fro
nt a
ppro
ach
– pu
ll si
de60
060
045
570
060
047
030
060
060
0
38M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
besi
de d
oor
– fro
nt a
ppro
ach
– pu
sh s
ide
300
300
305
700
600
300
470
300
300
470
39M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
besi
de d
oor
– la
tch
side
ap
proa
ch –
pul
l sid
e60
061
030
045
060
084
013
0060
060
0
40M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
besi
de d
oor
– la
tch
side
ap
proa
ch –
pus
h si
de60
061
060
045
061
070
060
060
0
41M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
besi
de d
oor
– hi
nge
side
ap
proa
ch –
pul
l sid
e60
091
584
050
060
060
0
42M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
besi
de d
oor
– hi
nge
side
ap
proa
ch –
pus
h si
de45
056
022
030
045
045
0
43M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
at s
lidin
g do
or –
fro
nt a
ppro
ach
1200
x 9
0012
20 x
815
1200
x 1
400
1350
x 1
270
1370
x 1
060
1350
x 1
270
44M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
at s
lidin
g do
or –
sid
e ap
proa
ch10
50 x
135
010
65 x
137
011
60 x
157
013
70 x
155
013
70 x
155
0
45M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
at s
lidin
g do
or b
esid
e la
tch
– fro
nt a
ppro
ach
5030
047
050
300
46M
inim
um m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
at
slid
ing
door
bes
ide
latc
h –
side
ap
proa
ch54
061
030
061
054
061
0
Sign
age
and
Visu
al D
ispl
ays
47Fo
r ad
ditio
nal s
igna
ge
spec
ifica
tions
, inc
ludi
ng
info
rmat
ion
rela
ting
to
text
, pic
togr
ams
and
Brai
lle, s
ee s
ectio
n on
SI
GNAG
Eye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Canadian human rights commission 61
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
Cont
rols
48Fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r co
ntro
ls,se
e AN
THRO
POM
ETRI
CSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Kick
Pla
tes
49He
ight
of
door
kic
k pl
ates
on
the
push
sid
e of
the
doo
r25
040
030
030
030
0 -
400
250
300
- 40
020
0 -
400
200
- 40
0
Glaz
ing
50On
doo
rs w
ith t
rans
pare
nt g
lazi
ng,
the
low
er e
dge
of t
he t
rans
pare
nt
glaz
ing
to b
e lo
cate
d ab
ove
the
floor
no
high
er t
han
900
900
800
- 15
0080
0 -
1500
1000
1400
- 1
600
765
800
Illu
min
atio
n 51
Illum
inat
ion
leve
ls a
t op
erat
ing
cont
rols
or
devi
ces
shal
l be
at le
ast
100
lx15
0 lx
100
lx15
0 lx
52Ill
umin
atio
n le
vels
at
oper
atin
g co
ntro
ls o
r de
vice
s w
here
read
ing
is re
quire
d sh
all b
e at
leas
t20
0 lx
200
lx20
0 lx
200
lx
Othe
r53
For
othe
r do
or re
quire
men
ts
at s
tairw
ell e
ntra
nces
, see
the
se
ctio
n on
STA
IRS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
54Fo
r ot
her
door
requ
irem
ents
at
ram
p la
ndin
gs, s
ee t
he s
ectio
n on
RAM
PSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
55Fo
r ot
her
door
requ
irem
ents
at
entr
ance
s or
exi
ts, s
ee s
ectio
n on
EN
TRAN
CES
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
56Fo
r ot
her
door
requ
irem
ents
at
was
hroo
ms,
see
sec
tions
on
WAS
HROO
MS
or I
NDIV
IDUA
L W
ASHR
OOM
Sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
DOOR
S (f
rom
pag
e 61
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission62
Canadian human rights commission 63
DOOR
SCO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1CS
AIn
exi
stin
g bu
ildin
gs,
swin
g cl
ear
hing
es c
an o
ften
be
used
to
incr
ease
the
cle
ar o
peni
ng o
f a
door
wit
hout
enl
argi
ng t
he f
ram
e.
2CS
AIn
a t
ypic
al i
nsta
llati
on,
a do
or w
ith
a w
idth
of
900
mm
is
requ
ired
to a
chie
ve a
cle
aran
ce o
peni
ng o
f 81
0 m
m.
3CS
ADo
ors
and
door
fra
mes
tha
t co
ntra
st i
n co
lour
wit
h th
eir
back
grou
nd e
nabl
e pe
ople
to
mor
e ea
sily
loca
te t
he d
oor.
4CS
AIn
dou
ble
door
s th
e us
e of
a c
entr
e po
st s
houl
d be
avo
ided
.
5CS
A, S
inga
pore
U-s
hape
d do
or h
andl
e le
vers
red
uce
the
risk
of
catc
hing
clo
thin
g, o
r of
cau
sing
inj
ury
from
an
expo
sed
leve
r en
d.
6CS
A, A
DAAG
Knob
han
dles
and
thu
mb
latc
h ha
ndle
s ar
e no
t ap
prop
riate
bec
ause
the
y re
quire
tig
ht g
rasp
ing
and
fine
fin
ger
cont
rol.
Push
/pul
l mec
hani
sms
are
pref
erre
d.
7CS
APa
nic
hard
war
e th
at d
oes
not
inte
rfer
e w
ith
pass
age
thro
ugh
a do
orw
ay i
s av
aila
ble
and
shou
ld b
e us
ed.
8CS
A, S
wed
enDo
ors
that
are
ent
irely
mad
e of
gla
ss a
re d
iffic
ult
to d
etec
t. T
hey
shou
ld h
ave
a co
lour
con
tras
ting
str
ip a
roun
d th
e pe
rim
eter
of
the
surr
ound
ing
open
ing
at le
ast
50 m
m w
ide.
A c
ontr
asti
ng h
oriz
onta
l str
ip o
f a
sim
ilar
wid
th a
nd a
t a
heig
ht o
f 13
50 m
m f
rom
the
flo
or m
ay a
lso
be u
sed.
9CS
ATh
e le
ngth
of
tim
e th
e do
or s
houl
d re
mai
n op
en i
s af
fect
ed b
y th
e di
stan
ce b
etw
een
the
man
ual p
ower
ass
ist
cont
rol a
nd t
he d
oor
itse
lf. P
lace
men
t of
the
doo
r co
ntro
ls s
houl
d co
nsid
er t
he d
ista
nce
a pe
rson
mus
t tr
avel
fro
m t
he
cont
rol t
o re
ach
the
door
.
10CS
ACa
rd r
eade
rs o
r ot
her
type
s of
sec
urit
y ac
cess
sys
tem
s sh
ould
be
loca
ted
clos
e to
the
pow
er a
ssis
t co
ntro
l.
11CS
AAs
a s
uppl
emen
t to
the
upp
er a
ctiv
atio
n pa
d fo
r a
pow
er a
ssis
t co
ntro
l, an
othe
r ac
tiva
tion
pad
sho
uld
be lo
cate
d w
ith
its
cent
relin
e 20
0 m
m f
rom
the
flo
or,
so t
hat
the
door
ope
ner
may
be
acti
vate
d by
a p
erso
n us
ing
a fo
ot
or w
heel
chai
r fo
otre
st.
12CS
ALa
rger
are
as m
ay b
e re
quire
d fo
r la
rger
mob
ility
dev
ices
, su
ch a
s sc
oote
rs a
nd p
ower
chai
rs a
t th
e en
tran
ce a
rea
to d
oors
.
13CS
ATh
e ad
diti
onal
flo
or a
rea
at t
he la
tch
edge
of
the
door
is
requ
ired
so t
hat
a pe
rson
in
a w
heel
chai
r or
wit
h a
guid
e-do
g ca
n ap
proa
ch t
he d
oor,
acti
vate
the
doo
r ha
ndle
, sw
ing
the
door
ope
n an
d pa
ss t
hrou
gh i
t w
itho
ut h
avin
g to
bac
k up
whi
le o
peni
ng t
he d
oor.
14U
rugu
ayAn
y gl
ass
door
s sh
ould
hav
e a
kick
pla
te o
f 40
0 m
m h
igh
at t
he b
otto
m e
dge.
15So
uth
Afric
aW
here
a p
erso
n co
uld
acci
dent
ally
wal
k in
to a
gla
ss s
urfa
ce,
the
glas
s sh
all b
e ad
equa
tely
mar
ked
in s
uch
a w
ay a
s to
be
easi
ly v
isib
le a
t a
heig
ht b
etw
een
800
- 10
00 m
m a
bove
the
flo
or.
16So
uth
Afric
aW
indo
ws
and
door
s sh
all n
ot o
pen
acro
ss a
wal
kway
, co
rrid
or,
stai
r or
ram
p or
so
that
the
y ob
stru
ct c
ircul
atio
n.
17So
uth
Afric
aTh
e kn
urlin
g of
doo
r ha
ndle
s or
rai
sed
lett
ers
imm
edia
tely
adj
acen
t to
doo
r ha
ndle
s is
adv
ocat
ed a
s an
aid
in
build
ing
desi
gn f
or u
se o
f bl
ind
peop
le.
18So
uth
Afric
a,
Sing
apor
eDo
or c
losu
res
are
a hi
ndra
nce
and
thei
r us
e sh
ould
be
avoi
ded.
Whe
re s
uch
clos
ures
can
not
be a
void
ed,
the
dela
yed-
acti
on t
ype
shal
l be
used
.
19Si
ngap
ore,
UN,
Au
stra
lia,
CSA
The
colo
ur o
f th
e do
or s
hall
cont
rast
wit
h th
e do
or f
ram
e or
the
wal
l.
20Si
ngap
ore
Whe
reve
r po
ssib
le a
nd p
ract
ical
, au
tom
atic
doo
rs (
swin
g or
slid
ing
type
) sh
ould
be
prov
ided
ins
tead
of
door
s th
at a
re m
anua
lly o
pene
d.
21Si
ngap
ore
U-f
ram
ed f
ull h
eigh
t gl
ass
door
s sh
all,
if p
rovi
ded,
be
prom
inen
tly
mar
ked
or h
ighl
ight
ed w
ith
mot
ifs
to m
ake
them
vis
ible
. Th
e m
arki
ngs
or m
otif
s sh
all c
onsi
st o
f tw
o ho
rizo
ntal
ban
ds e
ach
at le
ast
100
mm
hig
h an
d of
con
tras
ting
colo
urs
to a
ssis
t vi
sibi
lity.
The
upp
er b
and
shal
l be
affi
xed
at a
hei
ght
betw
een
1400
- 1
600
mm
and
the
low
er b
and
affi
xed
at a
hei
ght
betw
een
850
- 10
00 m
m a
bove
flo
or le
vel.
22Si
ngap
ore
Door
han
dles
sho
uld
cont
rast
str
ongl
y w
ith
thei
r ba
ckgr
ound
.
23Au
stra
liaCa
nopi
es f
or w
eath
er p
rote
ctio
n at
ent
ry d
oors
may
ena
ble
thre
shol
ds t
o be
elim
inat
ed.
Canadian human rights commission64
DRINKING FOUNTAINSRequirements for drinking fountains focus on the height of the spout (4), ranging from 675 - 700 mm(Australia) to a 915 mm maximum, specified by the U.S. The height of the water flow (7) is recommended to be 100 mm, and controls should be easy to operate (8) and located on bothsides, not more than 180 mm from the front as specified by Australia.
The clear floor area in front of the drinking fountain ranges from 750 x 1200 mm (Canada andSingapore) to 800 x 1300 mm (Australia) and 1350 x 1200 mm (Mexico). The Expert Panel selectedthe 800 x 1300 mm clear floor area, which is compatible with other floor area requirements.
Recessing drinking fountains in alcoves, outside of the pedestrian route is an excellent ideaas it eliminates the possibility of creating a hazard for people with visual impairments. Likewise, acolour contrasted wall behind the drinking fountain assists in making them easier to locate.
Mexico suggests that the floor area in front of the fountain have a textural change to assist peoplewho are blind to locate the fountain. Bangladesh recommends that accessible drinking fountains bewell located so that people who use wheelchairs do not have to travel greater distances than others.
Automatic infrared activators will allow the maximum number of users to use a drinking fountain.
Canadian human rights commission 65
DRIN
KIN
G FO
UN
TAIN
S
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Floo
r Ar
ea/S
pati
al
1M
inim
um c
lear
flo
or a
rea
in f
ront
of
a d
rinki
ng fo
unta
in12
00 x
750
1220
x 7
6013
50 x
120
012
00 x
750
800
x 13
0076
0 x
1370
800
x 13
00
2M
inim
um s
pace
fro
m w
all t
o fro
nt
of fo
unta
in43
048
543
050
043
049
0 -
500
430
3Th
e fo
unta
in is
rece
ssed
or
loca
ted
out
of t
he p
ath
of t
rave
lye
sye
sye
spr
efer
red
yes
yes
Spou
t4
The
spou
t he
ight
loca
ted
ab
ove
the
floor
a h
eigh
t of
750
- 90
091
5 m
ax.
915
max
.73
0 -
780
750
- 80
067
5 -
700
850
- 95
076
0 -
915
760
- 80
0
5Th
e sp
out
loca
ted
at f
ront
ye
s, m
ax.
of t
he u
nit
dept
h fro
mye
sye
sfro
nt is
125
yes
yes
yes
yes
Wat
er F
low
6
The
wat
er f
low
tra
ject
ory
para
llel
or n
early
par
alle
l to
the
front
of
uni
tye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
7M
inim
um h
eigh
t of
wat
er f
low
100
100
100
80 -
100
100
100
Cont
rols
8If
han
d op
erat
ed, c
ontr
ols
yes,
or
onye
s, o
r on
are
loca
ted
at o
r ne
ar t
he f
ront
bo
th s
ides
, bo
th s
ides
,of
foun
tain
not
mor
e ea
sily
not
mor
e th
an
oper
ated
th
an
180
mm
from
from
a18
0 m
m fr
omye
sye
sth
e fro
ntw
heel
chai
rth
e fro
nt
9Ha
nd c
ontr
ols
to b
e op
erab
le b
y on
e ha
nd a
nd d
o no
t re
quire
tig
ht
gras
ping
, pin
chin
g, o
r tw
istin
g op
erab
le b
yof
the
wris
tye
sye
sye
sye
son
e ha
ndye
sye
s
10Co
ntro
ls s
hall
not
be s
olel
y op
erat
ed b
y fo
otye
sye
sye
s
11M
axim
um fo
rce
of a
ctiv
atio
n22
N22
N22
.2 N
22 N
19.5
N22
N19
.5 N
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
12Co
ntro
ls a
llow
the
use
r to
con
trol
th
e tim
ing
and
wat
er d
eliv
ery
not
self
heig
htye
scl
osin
gye
s
13M
axim
um h
eigh
t ab
ove
the
floor
of
a c
up f
rom
a d
ispe
nser
1200
1200
Knee
Toe
Spa
ce14
For
info
rmat
ion
on
knee
spac
e re
quire
men
ts, s
ee
ANTH
ROPO
MET
RICS
sec
tion
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Colo
ur C
ontr
ast
15Dr
inki
ng fo
unta
ins
are
colo
ur
cont
rast
ed w
ith t
heir
back
grou
ndye
sye
s
DRIN
KIN
G FO
UN
TAIN
S (f
rom
pag
e 65
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission66
DRIN
KIN
G FO
UN
TAIN
SCO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1CS
ATh
e pr
ovis
ion
of t
wo
drin
king
fou
ntai
ns a
t di
ffer
ent
heig
hts
mee
ts t
he n
eeds
of
mos
t pe
ople
.
2AD
AAG
The
purp
ose
of r
equi
ring
wat
er f
low
a m
inim
um o
f 10
0 m
m h
igh
is s
o th
at a
cup
can
be
inse
rted
und
er t
he f
low
of
wat
er.
3M
exic
oTh
e ar
ea i
n fr
ont
of t
he d
rink
ing
foun
tain
sha
ll be
sig
nalle
d w
ith
a te
xtur
e ch
ange
.
4AD
AAG,
Ban
glad
esh
Acce
ssib
le f
ount
ains
sho
uld
be lo
cate
d so
tha
t w
heel
chai
r us
ers
do n
ot h
ave
to t
rave
l a g
reat
er d
ista
nce
than
oth
er p
eopl
e to
use
a d
rink
ing
foun
tain
.
5Si
ngap
ore
A w
all-
mou
nted
dri
nkin
g fo
unta
in i
n an
alc
ove
is p
refe
rred
bec
ause
it
does
not
cre
ate
a ha
zard
for
per
sons
wit
h vi
sual
im
pair
men
ts.
6IC
TATh
e w
alls
in
a dr
inki
ng f
ount
ain
area
alc
ove
shou
ld b
e co
lour
con
tras
ted
wit
h th
e su
rrou
ndin
g w
alls
adj
acen
t to
the
alc
ove.
Canadian human rights commission 67
Canadian human rights commission68
ELEVATORSAccessibility criteria for elevators is included in all codes and standards analyzed in this report. Theminimum clear width of the elevator door varies greatly from a minimum of 800 mm in several of the countries (U.S., Sweden, Ireland and South Africa), to 915 mm and 950 mm in the Canadian CSAand AFG Guidelines respectively, to the very large dimensions of 1050 mm and 1065 mm in Bangladeshand the U.S. respectively. The Expert Panel decided on 950 as it would accommodate larger mobility aidssuch as scooters.
The interior dimensions of an elevator should, at a minimum, accommodate a person in awheelchair and an attendant. The interior dimensions of the elevators ranges from a minimum width of 800 mm in Malaysia, to 900 mm in Singapore, and 1500 mm in Mexico. The back wall to front dimensions are larger ranging from 1000 mm in Spain and 1300 mm in Lebanon, to 1700 mm in Mexico (5).
Most countries specify that elevators be self-leveling, a feature with a tolerance ranging from 13 to 20 mm. In addition, an automatic reopening device for the elevator door is required to preventthe door from closing on people, a requirement in most standards. Canada, the U.S. and Sweden allrequire a device sensor at two heights (11,12) to ensure that the doors do not close on childrenas well as adults and people who are blind and use guide dogs.
Ireland specifies that the elevator doors should remain open for eight seconds while Canada and the U.S.specify five seconds (14).
Handrails are required along one access wall (31) in most standards, at a height ranging from 800 -1150 mm (32), with the best practice at 800 - 900 mm with adequate space between the wall and therail to allow room for a hand.
It is important to provide adequate illumination inside an elevator as many people find it difficultto see the controls clearly. Illumination levels in elevators (34) ranges from 54 lux in the U.S. to150 lux in South Africa.
It is also important to have a minimum of clear floorspace in front of controls (35) so thatpeople who use wheelchairs are able to use the elevator, a requirement in most codes. The maximumheight of buttons is generally at 1200 mm (36), although Malaysia allows the buttons to be at a height of 1400 mm.
The minimum size of floor registration buttons (40) is consistent with Canada, the U.S., Sweden andBangladesh, all requiring that the floor registration buttons be raised (41). Only the U.S., Canada and Sweden require that the buttons be arranged in ascending order. This is an approach that shouldbe adopted universally.
A common approach is taken by most countries as they require Braille and tactile characters to beplaced immediately on the left of the control panel buttons. A telephone for communication in an emergency is required by only a few countries although some form of communication device (anintercom) is required by others. It is always important to remember to provide communicationssystems for people who have a communication impairment.
Canada, the U.S., Sweden, South Africa, Malaysia and Lebanon all require both audio and visiblemeans for identification of elevators. Sweden, the U.S. and Canada require a specified decibel level (70)and signals that sound once for up and twice for down are required in Canada, the U.S., Sweden,Malaysia and Lebanon (73).
To assist people who are blind to know what floor level they are on, raised characters and tactile floor designations are required on the door jambs of the elevator hoists to indicate the floorlevel (79). Audible individual car floor location indicators are also required in Canada, the U.S.,Mexico, Sweden, and Malaysia. Automatic verbal announcements (71) that announce floor levels are required in Canada, the U.S. and Ireland. This is a feature appreciated by people with visualimpairments.
The hall buttons in elevator lobbies are required to be low enough to be reached by people whouse wheelchairs and people of short stature with most countries specifying a maximum height of 1200 mm (90), though Malaysia recommends 1400 mm. A very important consideration is the provisionof adequate manoeuvring space in front of the hall call buttons so that people are able toreach them. This is a requirement of Singapore, Philippines, Sweden, the U.S. and Canada.
Canada suggests that a mirror be provided on the rear wall, especially if the size of the elevatordoes not allow a person who uses a wheelchair to turn around. Sweden suggests that tactile and visualinformation be provided at a 45 degree angle from the wall so that standing people and people withvisual impairments can read the characters. Singapore points out that control should require onlylight positive pressure to activate them.
Canadian human rights commission 69
ELEV
ATOR
S
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Gene
ral
1El
evat
or o
pera
tion
shal
l be
auto
mat
icye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Elev
ator
Doo
rs2
The
elev
ator
doo
r op
enin
g sh
all
915
side
,be
a m
inim
um c
lear
wid
th o
f91
510
65 c
entr
e90
080
080
080
085
080
010
5090
080
095
095
0
3Fo
r an
y ca
r do
or w
ith a
min
imum
cl
ear
wid
th o
f 91
5 m
m, t
he
min
imum
insi
de c
ar b
ack
wal
l do
or 8
00 o
nto
fro
nt re
turn
, and
bac
k w
all w
ith
wal
l to
insi
de fa
ce o
f do
or
leng
th 1
100
door
950
,sh
all b
e a
min
imum
of
with
car
car
1525
1525
1700
1100
x 1
400
1800
1525
x 1
725
1700
4If
the
min
imum
cle
ar w
idth
of
a ca
r doo
r loc
ated
at
any
loca
tion
door
800
on
is 8
15, t
he m
inim
um in
side
car
w
all w
ithsi
de t
o si
de w
idth
sha
ll be
1065
1500
1100
leng
th 1
100
1000
800
900
1000
1065
5If
the
min
imum
cle
ar w
idth
of
a ca
r do
or lo
cate
d at
any
loca
tion
door
800
on
is 8
15, t
he m
inim
um in
side
car
w
all w
ithba
ck w
all t
o fro
nt re
turn
sha
ll be
1370
1700
1400
leng
th 1
100
1000
1800
1300
1700
Slid
ing
Door
s 6
Auto
mat
ic o
peni
ng a
nd c
losi
ng,
pow
er o
pera
ted
car
and
land
ing
door
s, w
hich
slid
e ho
rizon
tally
, sh
all b
e pr
ovid
edye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
7M
axim
um s
pace
(w
idth
) be
twee
n th
e ha
ll flo
or a
nd t
he e
leva
tor
floor
sha
ll no
t be
gre
ater
tha
n32
2010
10
Self
Lev
ellin
g De
vice
8
Ther
e is
a s
elf-
leve
lling
fea
ture
th
at w
ill a
utom
atic
ally
brin
g an
d m
aint
ain
the
car
at f
loor
land
ings
(u
nder
zer
o –
rate
d lo
adin
g co
nditi
ons)
with
in a
tol
eran
ce o
f13
±13
±20
±13
2013
13
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
Door
Reo
peni
ng D
evic
e9
Elev
ator
doo
rs s
hall
be p
rovi
ded
with
a re
open
ing
devi
ce t
hat
shal
l st
op a
nd a
utom
atic
ally
reop
en a
ca
r do
or a
nd h
oist
way
doo
r if
the
door
bec
omes
obs
truc
ted
by a
n ob
ject
or
pers
onye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
10Th
e do
or re
open
ing
devi
ce w
ill
open
doo
r fu
lly t
o a
min
imum
of
910
915
910
11Th
e lo
wer
reop
enin
g de
vice
sen
sor
is lo
cate
d ab
ove
the
floor
at
a he
ight
of
125
(±25
)12
525
125
(±25
)12
5 (±
25)
12Th
e up
per
reop
enin
g de
vice
sen
sor
is lo
cate
d ab
ove
the
floor
at
a he
ight
of
735
(±25
)73
518
0073
5 (±
25)
735
(±25
)
13Th
e re
open
ing
devi
ce e
ffect
ive
time
to b
e a
min
imum
of
20 s
20 s
15 s
20 s
5 s
20 s
20 s
14M
inim
um t
ime
door
will
rem
ain
open
bef
ore
star
ting
to c
lose
if
a ha
ll ca
ll5
s5
s8
s4
s8
s
15M
inim
um t
ime
door
will
rem
ain
open
bef
ore
star
ting
to c
lose
if
a ca
r ca
ll3
s3
s8
s3
s8
s
16A
redu
ctio
n of
the
tim
e th
at
the
door
rem
ains
ope
n sh
all b
e pe
rmitt
ed a
fter
ope
ratio
n of
th
e do
or c
lose
but
ton
yes
yes
yes
yes
Floo
ring
17Th
e el
evat
or f
loor
has
a f
irm,
stab
le, a
nd s
lip-r
esis
tant
sur
face
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
18El
evat
or c
arpe
t pi
le h
eigh
t sh
all
be a
max
imum
of
1313
low
pro
file
low
pile
1313
Floo
r Ar
ea/I
nter
ior
Spac
e19
The
min
imum
cle
ar w
idth
of
a ca
r 80
0,
door
cen
tere
d on
the
car
sha
ll be
1100
for
1065
1065
900
outd
oor
lifts
850
1100
1050
800
900
800
950
1100
ELEV
ATOR
S (f
rom
pag
e 69
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission70
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
20Th
e m
inim
um in
side
car
wid
th
1725
si
de t
o si
de if
car
doo
r ce
nter
ed
(203
0on
the
car
sha
ll be
in h
eavy
-use
2030
2030
1500
1100
1000
1275
1400
1200
1000
area
s)20
30
21Th
e m
inim
um in
side
car
dep
th
from
insi
de c
ar b
ack
wal
l to
front
re
turn
if c
ar d
oor
is c
ente
red
on
the
car
shal
l be
1295
1295
1700
1400
1200
2000
1400
1400
1300
1525
1700
22Th
e m
inim
um in
side
car
dep
th
from
insi
de c
ar b
ack
wal
l to
in
side
face
of
door
if c
ar d
oor
is
cen
tere
d on
the
car
sha
ll be
1370
1370
1400
1100
1400
23Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
wid
th o
f a
car
door
loca
ted
at t
he s
ide
(off
800,
ce
ntre
) sh
all b
e11
00 fo
r91
591
5ou
tdoo
r lif
ts85
080
080
095
091
5
24Th
e m
inim
um in
side
car
wid
th
side
to
side
if c
ar d
oor
is lo
cate
d
at t
he s
ide
(off
cent
re)
shal
l be
1725
1725
1400
1400
1725
1725
25Th
e m
inim
um in
side
car
dep
th
from
insi
de c
ar b
ack
wal
l to
front
re
turn
if c
ar d
oor
is lo
cate
d at
th
e si
de (
off
cent
re)
shal
l be
1295
1295
1400
1100
1525
1400
26Th
e m
inim
um in
side
car
dep
th
from
insid
e ca
r bac
k w
all t
o in
side
face
of
door
if c
ar d
oor
is lo
cate
d at
the
sid
e (o
ff ce
ntre
) sh
all b
e13
7013
7013
70
27Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
wid
th o
f a
car
door
loca
ted
at a
ny o
ther
loca
tion
800,
th
an c
ente
red
on t
he c
ar o
r at
the
1100
for
side
(of
f ce
ntre
) sh
all b
e91
591
5ou
tdoo
r lif
ts91
5
28Th
e m
inim
um in
side
car
wid
th
side
to
side
for
car
door
loca
ted
at a
ny o
ther
loca
tion
than
ce
nter
ed o
n th
e ca
r or
at
the
side
(of
f ce
ntre
) sh
all b
e13
7013
7011
0013
70
29Th
e m
inim
um in
side
car
dep
th
from
insi
de c
ar b
ack
wal
l to
front
re
turn
for
car
door
loca
ted
at
any
othe
r lo
catio
n th
an c
ente
red
on t
he c
ar o
r at
the
sid
e (o
ff ce
ntre
) sh
all b
e20
3020
3014
0020
30
Canadian human rights commission 71
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
30Th
e m
inim
um in
side
car
dep
th
from
insi
de c
ar b
ack
wal
l to
insi
de
face
of
door
for
car
door
loca
ted
at a
ny o
ther
loca
tion
than
ce
nter
ed o
n th
e do
or o
r at
the
si
de (
off
cent
ered
) sh
all b
e20
3020
3014
0020
30
Han
drai
ls
31Ha
ndra
ils a
re p
rovi
ded
on a
ll at
leas
t no
n-ac
cess
ele
vato
r w
alls
at le
ast
1 w
all,
rear
ye
sye
sye
s1
wal
lon
tw
o si
des
pref
erre
dye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
32In
car
ele
vato
r to
p of
han
drai
l he
ight
abo
ve t
he f
loor
bet
wee
n80
0 -
920
920
650
- 11
5090
0 (±
25)
950
- 10
5085
0 -
1000
800
900
800
- 85
080
0 -
920
800
- 90
0
33In
car
ele
vato
r ha
ndra
il sp
ace
betw
een
wal
l and
rail
35 -
45
35 -
45
3545
- 5
538
min
.40
- 5
040
- 4
535
- 4
5
Illu
min
atio
n34
Illum
inat
ion
at c
ar c
ontr
ols,
15
0 lx
pl
atfo
rm, c
ar t
hres
hold
, and
(5
0 lx
at
land
ing
sill
shal
l be
a m
inim
um o
f10
0 lx
54 lx
cont
rol p
anel
)ye
s10
0 lx
100
lx
Cont
rols
/Flo
or D
esig
nati
on B
utto
ns
35Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
flo
or s
pace
50
fro
m
at c
ontr
ols
shal
l be
any
wal
l or
760
x 12
2076
0 x
1220
1500
x 1
500
proj
ectio
n15
00 w
idth
750
x 13
0090
0 x
1200
760
x 13
7080
0 x
1300
36M
axim
um h
eigh
t of
but
tons
with
floor
des
igna
tions
tha
t se
rve
16
or
less
ele
vato
r la
ndin
gs12
2012
2090
0 -
1200
900
- 12
0012
0013
7012
0014
0090
0 -
1200
1200
1200
1200
37M
axim
um h
eigh
t of
but
tons
with
floor
des
igna
tions
tha
t se
rve
mor
eth
an 1
6 la
ndin
gs a
nd w
ith a
para
llel a
ppro
ach
prov
ided
sha
ll be
1370
1370
1200
1200
1370
1200
900
- 12
0090
0 -
1200
1370
Emer
genc
y Co
ntro
l Bu
tton
s38
Emer
genc
y co
ntro
l but
tons
sha
ll ha
ve t
heir
cent
relin
es a
bove
the
flo
or a
min
imum
of
890
890
900
1200
max
.89
090
089
089
0
39Th
e em
erge
ncy
cont
rols,
incl
udin
g th
e em
erge
ncy
alar
m s
hall
be
grou
ped
at t
he b
otto
m o
f th
e co
ntro
l pan
elye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
ELEV
ATOR
S (f
rom
pag
e 71
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission72
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Floo
r Re
gist
rati
on B
utto
ns
40M
inim
um s
ize
of f
loor
regi
stra
tion
butt
ons
in t
heir
smal
lest
di
men
sion
1919
2018
2020
1920
41Fl
oor
regi
stra
tion
butt
ons
or t
he
exit
floor
surro
undi
ng b
utto
n co
llar
shal
l be
butt
on t
o be
rais
ed a
min
imum
of
gree
n an
dpr
otru
de5
mm
beyo
nd o
ther
rais
ed, f
lush
1.5
yes
butt
ons
or re
cess
edem
boss
ed1.
5 em
boss
ed
42Ex
cept
whe
re p
rovi
ded
in a
st
anda
rd t
elep
hone
key
pad
arra
ngem
ent,
but
tons
sha
ll be
ar
rang
ed w
ith n
umbe
rs in
as
cend
ing
orde
rye
sye
sye
sye
s
43W
hen
two
or m
ore
colu
mns
of
butt
ons
are
prov
ided
, the
y sh
all
read
fro
m le
ft t
o rig
htye
sye
sye
sye
s
44Ex
cept
whe
re p
rovi
ded
in a
st
anda
rd k
eypa
d ar
rang
emen
t,
cont
rol b
utto
ns s
hall
be
iden
tifie
d by
tac
tile
and
visu
al
char
acte
rsye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
45Ta
ctile
cha
ract
ers
and
Brai
lle s
hall
be p
lace
d im
med
iate
ly t
o th
e le
ft
next
to
orpr
ovid
eof
the
but
ton
to w
hich
the
y ap
ply
yes
yes
on b
utto
nye
sye
sBr
aille
yes
yes
yes
46Th
e co
ntro
l but
ton
for
the
mai
n en
try
floor
and
the
con
trol b
utto
ns
for o
ther
func
tions
(ot
her
than
fo
r flo
or d
esig
natio
ns)
shal
l be
iden
tifie
d w
ith t
actil
e an
d vi
sual
sy
mbo
lsye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
47Bu
tton
s fo
r flo
or d
esig
natio
ns
shal
l be
prov
ided
with
vis
ible
in
dica
tors
to
show
tha
t a
call
has
been
regi
ster
edye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
48Th
e vi
sibl
e flo
or in
dica
tor
shal
l ex
ting
uish
whe
n th
e ca
r ar
rives
at
the
des
igna
ted
floor
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Canadian human rights commission 73
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
Tele
phon
e49
Tele
phon
e st
yle
keyp
ads
shal
l be
in a
tel
epho
ne k
eypa
d ar
rang
emen
tye
sye
sye
sye
s
50Te
leph
one
styl
e ke
ypad
s sh
all
have
cal
l but
tons
with
the
ir m
inim
um s
mal
lest
dim
ensi
on o
f19
1920
20
51Te
leph
one
styl
e ke
ypad
but
tons
sh
all b
e ra
ised
a m
inim
um o
f1.
51.
51.
5
52Fo
r te
leph
one
styl
e ke
ypad
s Br
aille
sha
ll no
t be
requ
ired
yes
yes
53Fo
r te
leph
one
styl
e ke
ypad
ch
arac
ters
sha
ll ha
ve a
min
imum
he
ight
of
1313
1515
54Fo
r te
leph
one
styl
e ke
ypad
ch
arac
ters
the
num
ber
five
shal
l ha
ve a
sin
gle
rais
ed d
otye
sye
sye
sye
s
55Fo
r te
leph
one
styl
e ke
ypad
ch
arac
ters
, the
sin
gle
dot
on
the
num
ber
five
shal
l hav
e
a ba
se d
iam
eter
of
betw
een
3 -
3.05
3 -
3.05
3 -
3.05
56Te
leph
one
styl
e ke
ypad
ch
arac
ters
sha
ll be
cen
tred
on
the
on t
he c
orre
spon
ding
key
pad
activ
e pa
rt o
fbu
tton
yes
yes
the
butt
onye
s
57A
tele
phon
e st
yle
keyp
ad d
ispl
ay
shal
l be
prov
ided
in t
he c
ar
with
vis
ible
indi
cato
rs t
o sh
ow
regi
ster
ed c
ar d
estin
atio
nsye
sye
sye
s
58A
tele
phon
e st
yle
keyp
ad d
ispl
ay
shal
l be
prov
ided
in t
he c
ar
with
vis
ible
indi
cato
rs t
o sh
ow
regi
ster
ed c
ar d
estin
atio
ns t
hat
shal
l ext
ingu
ish
whe
n th
e ca
ll ha
s be
en a
nsw
ered
yes
yes
yes
59A
tele
phon
e st
yle
keyp
ad d
ispl
ay
shal
l be
prov
ided
in t
he c
ar a
nd
a fiv
e po
int
star
sha
ll be
use
d to
in
dica
te t
he m
ain
entr
y flo
orye
sye
sye
s
ELEV
ATOR
S (f
rom
pag
e 73
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission74
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
60Te
leph
ones
whe
re p
rovi
ded
shal
l be
equ
ippe
d w
ith a
rece
iver
tha
t ge
nera
tes
a m
agne
tic f
ield
in t
he
area
of
the
rece
iver
cap
yes
yes
yes
61Te
leph
ones
whe
re p
rovi
ded
shal
l ha
ve a
vol
ume
cont
rol
yes
yes
yes
yes
62Te
leph
one
hand
set
cord
sha
ll
have
a m
inim
um le
ngth
of
900
735
735
900
63Th
e in
tern
atio
nal s
ymbo
l for
te
leph
one
shal
l be
disp
laye
d
on t
he c
omm
unic
atio
n de
vice
yes
yes
yes
yes
Emer
genc
y Co
mm
unic
atio
ns
64Th
e ca
r em
erge
ncy
sign
allin
g vi
sibl
evi
sibl
ede
vice
sha
ll no
t be
lim
ited
to
and
audi
ble
and
audi
ble
voic
e co
mm
unic
atio
nye
ssi
gnal
sign
alye
sye
sye
sye
s
65If
inst
ruct
ions
for
the
car
emer
genc
y si
gnal
ling
devi
ce a
re
prov
ided
, ess
entia
l inf
orm
atio
n sh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed in
bot
h ta
ctile
an
d vi
sual
form
yes
yes
66Th
e hi
ghes
t op
erab
le p
art
of
an
emer
genc
y tw
o-w
ay
com
mun
icat
ion
syst
em s
hall
be lo
cate
d a
max
imum
he
ight
fro
m t
he f
loor
of
1220
1220
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
67If
the
em
erge
ncy
two-
way
co
mm
unic
atio
n de
vice
is lo
cate
d in
a c
lose
d co
mpa
rtm
ent,
the
co
mpa
rtm
ent
door
har
dwar
e sh
all
be o
pera
ble
with
one
han
d
and
not
requ
ire t
ight
gra
spin
g,
pinc
hing
, or
twis
ting
of
the
wris
tye
sye
sye
s
68If
the
em
erge
ncy
two-
way
co
mm
unic
atio
n de
vice
is lo
cate
d in
a c
lose
d co
mpa
rtm
ent,
forc
e to
act
ivat
e op
erab
le p
arts
of
the
com
part
men
t do
or h
ardw
are
shal
l be
no m
ore
than
22.2
N22
.2 N
Canadian human rights commission 75
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
Car
Audi
ble
Sign
als
69Ea
ch e
leva
tor
in a
ban
k of
el
evat
ors
shal
l hav
e au
dibl
e an
d vi
sibl
e m
eans
for
iden
tific
atio
nye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
70M
easu
red
at t
he a
nnun
ciat
or, t
he
car
posi
tion
audi
ble
sign
al s
hall
35 -
65
dBA
35 -
65
dBA
have
a le
vel a
bove
the
am
bien
t ad
just
able
to
adju
stab
le t
ono
ise
leve
l bet
wee
n10
- 8
0 dB
A10
- 8
0 dB
Asu
it lo
catio
nsu
it lo
catio
n
71Th
e ca
r po
sitio
n au
dibl
e si
gnal
sh
all b
e an
aut
omat
ic v
erba
l an
noun
cem
ent
iden
tifyi
ng t
he
floor
at
whi
ch t
he c
ar h
as
stop
ped
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
72As
the
car
pas
ses
or s
tops
at
a
floor
an
audi
ble
sign
al s
hall
an
aud
ible
soun
d in
side
the
ele
vato
r at
si
gnal
a
max
imum
fre
quen
cy o
f15
00 H
z15
00 H
zw
ill s
ound
1500
Hz
73Au
dibl
e si
gnal
s sh
all s
ound
onc
e fo
r th
e UP
dire
ctio
n an
d tw
ice
for
the
DOW
N di
rect
ion
and
shal
l on
ce fo
r up
,on
ce fo
r up
,ha
ve v
erba
l ann
unci
ator
s th
at
twic
e fo
rtw
ice
for
stat
e th
e w
ord
UP o
r DO
WN
yes
yes
dow
nye
sye
sdo
wn
74M
easu
red
from
the
hal
l cal
l bu
tton
, the
aud
ible
sig
nal o
r ve
rbal
ann
unci
ator
sha
ll be
35 -
65
dBA
35 -
65
dBA
abov
e th
e am
bien
t no
ise
leve
l ad
just
able
to
adju
stab
le t
obe
twee
n10
- 8
0 dB
A10
- 8
0 dB
Asu
it lo
catio
nsu
it lo
catio
n
75Ve
rbal
ann
unci
ator
s sh
all h
ave
adju
stab
lea
frequ
ency
of
300
-300
0Hz
to a
rea
Car
Visu
al S
igna
ls76
A vi
sibl
e an
d au
dibl
e si
gnal
sha
ll be
pro
vide
d at
eac
h ho
ist
way
en
tran
ce t
o in
dica
te w
hich
car
is
answ
erin
g a
call
and
its d
irect
ion
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
77Th
e vi
sibl
e si
gnal
in t
he s
mal
lest
di
men
sion
sha
ll be
a m
inim
um o
f60
1330
- 6
062
6060
78Si
gnal
s sh
all b
e vi
sibl
e fro
m
the
floor
are
a ad
jace
nt t
o th
e
hall
butt
onye
sye
sye
sye
s
ELEV
ATOR
S (f
rom
pag
e 75
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission76
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Char
acte
rs/B
raill
e on
Doo
r Ja
mbs
79
Rais
ed c
hara
cter
and
Bra
ille
floor
de
sign
atio
ns s
hall
be p
rovi
ded
on
rais
ed y
es,
both
jam
bs o
f th
e el
evat
or h
oist
at
leas
tat
leas
tBr
aille
not
way
ent
ranc
esye
sye
son
e ja
mb
one
jam
bre
quire
dye
sye
sye
sye
s
80Ra
ised
cha
ract
er a
nd B
raill
e flo
or
desi
gnat
ions
sha
ll ha
ve t
he
base
line
of t
he c
hara
cter
s ce
ntre
d ab
ove
the
floor
at
a he
ight
of
1525
1500
1525
1400
900
- 12
0015
0014
00 -
160
015
0015
00 (
±25
)15
00 -
152
5
81A
rais
ed s
tar
plac
ed im
med
iate
ly
to t
he le
ft o
f the
floo
r des
igna
tion
shal
l als
o be
pro
vide
d on
bot
h ja
mbs
at
the
mai
n en
try
leve
lye
sye
sye
s
82A
rais
ed s
tar
plac
ed im
med
iate
ly
to t
he le
ft o
f the
floo
r des
igna
tion
shal
l als
o be
pro
vide
d on
bot
h ja
mbs
at
the
mai
n en
try
leve
l and
ha
ve a
hei
ght
of50
5150
50
Loca
tion
Ind
icat
ors
83In
ele
vato
r ca
rs, b
oth
the
audi
ble
and
visi
ble
car
floor
loca
tion
indi
cato
rs s
hall
be p
rovi
ded
to
iden
tify
the
floor
loca
tion
of
the
car
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
visi
ble
yes
84In
dica
tors
sha
ll be
loca
ted
abov
e th
e ca
r co
ntro
l pan
el o
r ab
ove
the
door
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
85In
dica
tor
num
bers
sha
ll be
a
min
imum
hei
ght
of a
t le
ast
1613
30 -
60
1616
86As
the
car
pas
ses
or s
tops
at
a flo
or s
erve
d by
the
ele
vato
r, th
e co
rresp
ondi
ng c
hara
cter
sha
ll ill
umin
ate
yes
yes
yes
yes
87Th
e vi
sibl
e in
dica
tor
shal
l ex
tingu
ish
whe
n th
e ca
r ar
rives
at
the
des
igna
ted
floor
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Canadian human rights commission 77
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
88An
aut
omat
ic v
erba
l ann
ounc
emen
tth
at a
nnou
nces
the
flo
or a
t w
hich
the
car
has
sto
pped
sha
ll be
pro
vide
dye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
89At
the
ann
unci
ator
, the
35
- 6
5 dB
A35
- 6
5 dB
A an
noun
cem
ent
shal
l be
abov
e ad
just
able
to
adju
stab
le t
oam
bien
t no
ise
leve
ls b
etw
een
10 -
80
dBA
10 -
80
dBA
suit
loca
tion
suit
loca
tion
Hal
l Bu
tton
s90
Hall
butt
ons
in e
leva
tor
lobb
ies
and
halls
sha
ll be
loca
ted
vert
ical
ly a
bove
the
floo
r mea
sure
d to
the
cen
trel
ine
of t
he re
spec
tive
butt
ons
betw
een
890
- 12
2038
0 -
1220
1200
900
- 11
0090
0 -
1100
900
- 12
0010
0014
00 m
ax.
900
- 12
0090
0 -
1200
920
(±25
)90
0 -
1100
91Th
e cl
ear
floor
spa
ce in
no
fro
nt o
f ha
ll bu
tton
s sh
all
obst
ruct
ions
be a
min
imum
of
near
the
760
x 12
2076
0 x
1220
1500
x 1
500
750
x 13
00ca
ll bu
tton
760
x 13
7015
00 x
150
0
92M
inim
um s
ize
of h
all c
all b
utto
ns
in t
heir
smal
lest
dim
ensi
on19
1920
1820
2020
93Ha
ll bu
tton
s sh
all h
ave
visu
al
sign
als
to in
dica
te w
hen
each
ca
ll is
regi
ster
ed a
nd w
hen
it
is a
nsw
ered
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
94Th
e ha
ll or
in-c
ar la
nter
n sh
all
have
a m
inim
um c
entr
elin
e he
ight
ab
ove
the
floor
of
1830
1830
1800
1830
1830
95Th
e ha
ll bu
tton
tha
t de
sign
ates
th
e UP
dire
ctio
n sh
all b
e lo
cate
d ab
ove
the
butt
on t
hat
desi
gnat
es
the
DOW
N di
rect
ion
yes
yes
yes
96Th
e ha
ll bu
tton
or t
he s
urro
undi
ngbu
tton
col
lar
shal
l be
rais
ed a
rais
ed, f
lush
m
inim
um o
f1.
5or
rece
ssed
1.5
97Ob
ject
s lo
cate
d be
neat
h th
e ha
ll bu
tton
s sh
all p
rotr
ude
a m
axim
um o
f25
25
ELEV
ATOR
S (f
rom
pag
e 77
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission78
Canadian human rights commission 79
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Sign
age,
Pic
togr
ams,
Vis
ual
Char
acte
rs,
Tact
ile,
Brai
lle98
For
mor
e in
form
atio
n on
tex
t,pi
ctog
ram
s, s
ymbo
ls, v
isua
l ch
arac
ters
and
Bra
ille,
see
sec
tion
on S
IGNA
GE
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Tact
ile C
hara
cter
s99
In a
dditi
on t
o th
e re
quire
d ta
ctile
si
gns,
a t
actil
e el
evat
or c
ar
iden
tific
atio
n sh
all b
e pl
aced
im
med
iate
ly b
elow
the
hoi
st
way
ent
ranc
e flo
or d
esig
natio
nye
sye
sye
s
100
The
tact
ile e
leva
tor
car
iden
tific
atio
n sh
all h
ave
a he
ight
of
5051
5050
ELEV
ATOR
SCO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1CS
AW
here
the
int
erio
r si
ze o
f an
ele
vato
r m
akes
it
diff
icul
t fo
r a
pers
on u
sing
a w
heel
chai
r to
tur
n ar
ound
, a
mir
ror
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed o
n th
e re
ar w
all t
o al
low
the
use
r to
see
the
car
pos
itio
n in
dica
tors
and
the
doo
r op
enin
g.
2AD
AAG
The
clea
r flo
or o
r gr
ound
spa
ce r
equi
red
at e
leva
tor
call
butt
ons
mus
t re
mai
n fr
ee o
f ob
stru
ctio
ns i
nclu
ding
ash
tray
s, p
lant
s, g
arba
ge c
ans
and
othe
r de
cora
tive
ele
men
ts t
hat
prev
ent
whe
elch
air
user
s an
d ot
hers
fro
m r
each
ing
the
call
butt
ons.
3AD
AAG
Brai
lle p
rovi
ded
on e
leva
tor
car
cont
rols
sha
ll be
loca
ted
eith
er d
irect
ly b
elow
or
adja
cent
to
the
corr
espo
ndin
g ra
ised
cha
ract
ers
or s
ymbo
ls.
4Ba
ngla
desh
In i
nsta
llati
ons
wit
h m
ore
than
tw
o lif
ts i
n a
bank
, a
tele
phon
e or
oth
er d
evic
e fo
r tw
o-w
ay c
omm
unic
atio
n be
twee
n ea
ch li
ft c
ar a
nd a
con
veni
ent
poin
t ou
tsid
e th
e lif
t sh
all p
refe
rabl
y be
pro
vide
d.
5Sw
eden
Whe
re t
he a
rea
insi
de a
n el
evat
or m
akes
it
diff
icul
t fo
r a
pers
on u
sing
a w
heel
chai
r to
tur
n ar
ound
, th
ere
shou
ld b
e sp
ace
for
turn
ing
arou
nd j
ust
outs
ide
the
door
s to
the
ele
vato
r a
min
imum
150
0 x
1500
mm
.
6Sw
eden
Cont
rols
/flo
or b
utto
ns s
houl
d be
pos
itio
ned
at le
ast
10 m
m f
rom
eac
h ot
her,
proj
ecti
ng f
rom
the
bas
e an
d no
t ly
ing
in a
rec
esse
d po
siti
on b
elow
the
pan
el s
urfa
ce.
Butt
ons
shou
ld g
ive
a re
spon
se s
o th
at i
t is
pos
sibl
e to
fee
l or
hea
r th
at t
he b
utto
n ha
s be
en a
ctiv
ated
. Th
e ne
cess
ary
pow
er t
o de
pres
s bu
tton
s sh
ould
be
2.5
to 5
N.
7Sw
eden
Dist
ance
s fr
om c
ontr
ol d
evic
es t
o a
corn
er h
as t
o be
con
side
red.
The
car
con
trol
sho
uld
be p
lace
d in
the
mid
dle
of t
he lo
ng s
ide
of t
he e
leva
tor
and
at le
ast
400
mm
fro
m t
he c
orne
r. Th
e ha
ll co
ntro
l sho
uld
be p
lace
d at
leas
t 50
0 m
m
from
an
inte
rior
corn
er.
8Sw
eden
Info
rmat
ion
(tac
tile
and
vis
ual)
sho
uld
be p
lace
d at
a 4
5˚ a
ngle
fro
m t
he w
all.
This
will
fac
ilita
te r
eadi
ng f
or a
sta
ndin
g pe
rson
and
for
a p
erso
n w
ith
a vi
sual
im
pair
men
t to
rea
d th
e ta
ctile
cha
ract
ers
or B
raill
e.
9Sw
eden
The
butt
on f
or t
he e
xit
floor
sho
uld
prot
rude
bey
ond
the
othe
r bu
tton
s an
d is
pre
fera
bly
gree
n in
col
our.
It s
houl
d be
pos
sibl
e to
iden
tify
the
but
ton
visu
ally
and
tac
tile
ly.
10Ir
elan
dA
1/2
leng
th m
irro
r sh
ould
be
inst
alle
d to
pro
vide
a w
heel
chai
r us
er w
ith
a re
ar v
iew
to
safe
ly r
ever
se o
ut o
f th
e lif
t.
11Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re li
fts
are
prov
ided
in
a bu
ildin
g at
leas
t on
e lif
t sh
all b
e m
ade
acce
ssib
le f
rom
the
ent
ranc
e le
vel f
or v
erti
cal c
ircul
atio
n an
d sh
all s
erve
all
leve
ls i
nten
ded
for
acce
ss b
y pe
rson
s w
ith
disa
bilit
ies.
12Si
ngap
ore
The
emer
genc
y be
ll in
the
lift
mus
t be
con
nect
ed t
o a
blin
king
ligh
t in
the
lift
car
to
sign
al t
o pe
rson
s w
ith
hear
ing
impa
irm
ent
that
the
em
erge
ncy
bell
has
been
act
ivat
ed.
13Si
ngap
ore
An a
udib
le s
igna
l sha
ll be
pro
vide
d to
sig
nal t
he c
losi
ng o
f do
ors
to a
lert
the
lift
pas
seng
ers.
14Si
ngap
ore
If t
here
are
tw
o co
ntro
l pan
els
insi
de t
he li
ft c
ar,
that
is
one
for
the
whe
elch
air
user
and
the
oth
er w
hich
is
mou
nted
at
eye
leve
l the
con
trol
but
tons
at
eye
leve
l sha
ll be
pro
vide
d w
ith
Brai
lle a
nd t
acti
le m
arki
ngs.
15Si
ngap
ore
Lift
cal
l and
con
trol
but
tons
sha
ll no
t be
tou
ch s
ensi
tive
but
sha
ll re
quire
a li
ght
posi
tive
pre
ssur
e to
act
ivat
e th
em.
16Si
ngap
ore
The
sym
bol i
dent
ifyi
ng t
he lo
cati
on o
f an
acc
essi
ble
lift
shal
l be
prov
ided
and
sha
ll be
in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith
sign
age
requ
irem
ents
in
the
sect
ion
on s
igna
ge.
Canadian human rights commission80
Canadian human rights commission 81
ENTRANCESSweden encourages the use of good design practices at the main entrance by recommending that it be easy to find for people with cognitive limitations and for people with visual impairments. Theyrecommend that the entrance not be hidden but be designed to look like a main entrance.
An excellent universal design practice is recommended by Singapore with the statement that wallsand ceilings be finished in a plain matte colour of lights tones to help diffuse light and increasevisibility.
For additional summary information on doors and entrances, see the section on DOORS.
Acce
ssib
le R
oute
1Is
the
ent
ranc
e se
rved
by
an
acce
ssib
le ro
ute
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
2Th
ere
shal
l not
be
a st
ep t
hat
obst
ruct
s th
e pa
ssag
e fo
r a
whe
elch
air
at t
he m
ain
entr
ance
yes
yes
yes
yes
3Fo
r ac
cess
rout
e re
quire
men
ts
to t
he e
ntra
nce
area
, see
sec
tion
on
ACC
ESS
ROUT
ESye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
4Fo
r ci
rcul
atio
n ro
ute
requ
irem
ents
fro
m p
arki
ng lo
ts t
o bu
ildin
g en
tranc
es, s
ee s
ectio
n on
PAR
KING
and
PASS
ENGE
R DR
OP-O
FFye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
5Fo
r re
quire
men
ts o
f an
ent
ranc
e do
or s
erve
d by
a s
et o
f st
airs
, see
se
ctio
n on
STA
IRS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
6Fo
r re
quire
men
ts o
f an
ent
ranc
e do
or s
erve
d by
a ra
mp,
see
the
se
ctio
n on
RAM
PSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Sign
age/
Sym
bols
7Do
es s
igna
ge e
xist
if a
cces
sibl
e en
tran
ce is
not
obv
ious
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
8Th
e In
tern
atio
nal S
ymbo
l of
Acc
essi
bilit
y is
dis
play
ed
at e
ntra
nces
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
9Fo
r si
gnag
e re
quire
men
ts, s
ee
sect
ion
on S
IGNA
GEye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Door
s 10
Is a
t le
ast
one
door
equ
ippe
d
if re
cess
w
ith a
pow
er d
oor
oper
ator
?if
the
door
de
pth
tois
hea
vy
door
face
or
has
a
is g
reat
erhe
avy
clos
erpr
efer
red
yes
than
300
yes
yes
11If
the
prim
ary
entr
ance
is lo
cked
du
ring
cert
ain
hour
s, is
the
re a
sig
nalli
ng d
evic
e av
aila
ble
to a
llow
no
tific
atio
n th
at s
omeo
ne w
ishe
s to
ent
er?
yes
yes
ENTR
ANCE
S
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission82
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
12Fo
r fu
rthe
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r do
ors,
se
e se
ctio
n on
DOO
RSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Fron
t En
tran
ce R
ecep
tion
Cou
nter
13Th
e fro
nt e
ntra
nce
rece
ptio
n co
unte
r or
des
k sh
all h
ave
an
coun
ter
acce
ssib
le s
ectio
n w
ith a
to
be
heig
ht o
f73
0 -
860
barri
er f
ree
915
max
.73
0 -
780
800
850
750
(±20
)71
0 -
865
730
- 86
0
14Fo
r flo
or a
nd k
nees
pace
re
quire
men
ts a
t re
cept
ion
co
unte
rs, s
ee s
ectio
n in
AN
THRO
POM
ETRI
CSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Illu
min
atio
n Le
vels
15M
inim
um il
lum
inat
ion
leve
l at
front
ent
ranc
es w
here
read
ing
is
nece
ssar
y, t
o be
at
leas
t20
0 lx
200
lx15
0 lx
200
- 30
0 lx
200
lx20
0 lx
Canadian human rights commission 83
ENTR
ANCE
SCO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1CS
ADe
tect
able
dire
ctio
nal i
ndic
ator
s sh
ould
be
loca
ted
in la
rge
open
are
as w
ith
the
indi
cate
d ro
utes
lead
ing
from
the
ent
ranc
e to
maj
or d
esti
nati
ons
such
as
the
info
rmat
ion
desk
/kio
sk,
stai
rway
, or
ele
vato
r.
2Sw
eden
The
mai
n en
tran
ce s
houl
d be
eas
y to
fin
d fo
r pe
ople
wit
h co
gnit
ive
limit
atio
ns a
nd f
or p
eopl
e w
ith
visi
on i
mpa
irm
ents
. Th
e en
tran
ce s
houl
d no
t be
“hi
dden
”, i
t sh
ould
be
desi
gned
to
look
like
a m
ain
entr
ance
. Cl
ear
sign
s w
ill a
lso
faci
litat
e fi
ndin
g th
e bu
ildin
g. C
ontr
ast
in lu
min
ance
in
door
s an
d w
alkw
ays
to t
he e
ntra
nce,
and
tac
tile
pav
ing
may
fac
ilita
te w
ayfi
ndin
g fo
r pe
ople
wit
h vi
sion
im
pair
men
ts.
3Sw
eden
The
light
ing
at t
he r
ecep
tion
des
k sh
ould
fac
ilita
te li
p-re
adin
g.
4Sw
eden
Dayl
ight
and
illu
min
atio
n sh
ould
not
cau
se a
ny g
lare
. It
sho
uld
be p
ossi
ble
to s
cree
n of
f la
rge
win
dow
s by
the
use
of
thic
k cu
rtai
ns,
awni
ngs
or b
linds
.
5Sw
eden
Fixt
ures
sho
uld
be p
lace
d so
tha
t th
ere
are
no r
efle
ctio
ns a
nd s
o th
at t
he li
ght
does
not
cre
ate
dist
ract
ing
refle
ctio
ns o
n gl
ass
surf
aces
or
floor
are
as.
Take
int
o co
nsid
erat
ion
that
peo
ple
usin
g w
heel
chai
rs w
ill h
ave
a di
ffer
ent
angl
e
of v
isio
n fr
om t
hat
of s
tand
ing
adul
ts.
6Sw
eden
Whe
n yo
u m
ove
from
a d
ark
area
int
o a
light
are
a th
ere
is a
ris
k of
bei
ng d
azzl
ed.
Ther
efor
e th
e co
ntra
st i
n to
ne b
etw
een
adja
cent
spa
ces
and
betw
een
outd
oors
and
ind
oors
sho
uld
not
be t
oo g
reat
.
7Sw
eden
Any
door
tel
epho
ne,
door
bell,
doo
r co
de p
anel
, et
c. s
houl
d be
pos
itio
ned
and
desi
gned
so
that
the
y ca
n al
so b
e us
ed b
y pe
ople
wit
h di
sabi
litie
s. T
he c
ontr
ols
shou
ld b
e pl
aced
at
leas
t 70
0 m
m f
rom
int
erio
r co
rner
s,
wit
h a
heig
ht 8
00 -
100
0 m
m f
rom
the
flo
or.
8Sw
eden
If t
he t
acti
le a
nd v
isua
l inf
orm
atio
n is
pla
ced
at a
45˚
ang
le f
rom
the
wal
l, it
will
fac
ilita
te r
eadi
ng b
y a
stan
ding
per
son
and
enab
le a
per
son
wit
h a
visu
al i
mpa
irm
ent
to r
ead
the
tact
ile c
hara
cter
s or
Bra
ille.
9So
uth
Afric
aTh
e in
form
atio
n co
unte
r an
d it
s lo
cati
on (
such
as
at a
irpo
rts,
rai
lway
sta
tion
s, e
tc.)
, w
here
peo
ple
who
are
hea
ring
im
paire
d ca
n ar
rang
e fo
r w
ritt
en m
essa
ges
or o
ther
inf
orm
atio
n, s
houl
d be
cle
arly
iden
tifie
d by
dis
play
ing
the
In
tern
atio
nal S
ymbo
l of
Acce
ss f
or D
eaf
peop
le.
10Si
ngap
ore
Wal
ls a
nd c
eilin
gs s
houl
d be
fin
ishe
d in
pla
in c
olou
rs o
f lig
ht t
ones
(to
hel
p di
ffus
e lig
ht a
roun
d th
e ro
om o
r ar
ea)
and
a m
atte
fin
ish
(to
avoi
d un
wan
ted
glar
e or
ref
lect
ion)
.
11M
alay
sia
Entr
ance
s an
d ex
its
shou
ld b
e id
enti
fied
by a
cha
nge
of f
loor
tex
ture
, or
by
a so
und
sign
al.
Canadian human rights commission84
Canadian human rights commission 85
FIRE SAFETYThe Regulations Respecting Occupational Safety and Health under part to off the Canada Labor Codehas numerous requirements that address fire safety requirements for all building occupants, includingthe requirement for fire procedures in alternate formats, the need for practicing evacuationprocedures with all building occupants and the need for the development of fire safety plans inconjunction with building occupants who have a disability or require some assistance.
Accessibility codes and standards address fire safety issues such as visual alarms, exits and areas ofrescue assistance to facilitate fire and emergency planning for people with disabilities. See also stair,ramp and signage requirements for additional safety related requirements.
Visual alarms are specified by the Philippines, Malaysia, Australia, Sweden, the U.S. and Canada, withCanada and the U.S. specifying the frequency range of 1 to 3 Hz (2). The AFG Guidelines recommendthat visual alarms be mounted at a height of 2030 mm or 1520 mm below the ceiling which everis lower (5), a recommendation from the AFG standard. These technical specifications must beaccompanied by operational procedures and fire safety plans that address the needs of everyone,including people with disabilities.
The clear width of the exit corridor is specified at 1200 mm by Spain, Bangladesh, Philippines and theAFG Guidelines. The same countries also require directional signage (8), illumination (9), and emergencylights (11). Bangladesh specifies requirements for an accessible egress route allowing a slope of 1:8 for the egress route.
Areas of rescue assistance are mentioned by Canada, Mexico, and Uruguay as a safe holding areafor people unable to evacuate independently. Specifications include that there be a minimum spacefor wheelchairs (19) at least 800 x 1300 mm, a minimum floor space, and directional signage (22). Amost important consideration is that the area of rescue assistance (23) also be designated in theevacuation procedure documents.
Signage for emergency situations is required to be colour contrasted by Uruguay, Sweden, Spain,Bangladesh and Philippines. Additional information is provided in the signage section.
An important comment from Canada is that the visual alarm should be placed so that the signalfrom at least one alarm is visible throughout the enclosed space. Visual alarms should also beinstalled in washrooms where someone who is hard of hearing or Deaf may be alone. South Africasuggests that indicators be applied to the underside of handrails to indicate floor levels. Australianotes that it is essential that audible emergency signals have the appropriate intensity andfrequency to ensure that they are audible to people who have a hearing loss. The Lebanon U.N.Guidelines recommend all public announcements be audible as well as visual, an excellent recommendation.
Canadian human rights commission86
FIRE
SAF
ETY
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Visu
al A
larm
s1
Visu
al a
larm
s sh
all b
e lig
hts
al
arm
to
have
that
flas
h in
con
junc
tion
with
re
d fla
shin
gth
e au
dibl
e em
erge
ncy
alar
ms
light
beh
ind
to li
ght
upye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sth
e be
ll si
gnye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
2Vi
sual
ala
rms
shal
l be
light
s
that
hav
e a
flash
rate
with
in
the
frequ
ency
rang
e of
1 -
3 Hz
1 -
3 Hz
1 Hz
1 -
3 Hz
1 -
3 Hz
3Vi
sual
ala
rms
shal
l be
sync
hron
ized
to f
lash
in u
niso
nye
sye
s
4Vi
sual
ala
rms
shal
l be
spac
ed a
15
m a
nd
max
imum
dis
tanc
e ap
art
ofde
pend
ing
on15
m
15 m
build
ing
type
5Vi
sual
ala
rms
shal
l be
mou
nted
at
2030
or 1
520
2030
or 1
520
a he
ight
fro
m t
he f
loor
of
belo
w t
hebe
low
the
ceili
ng,
ceili
ng,
whi
chev
er is
whi
chev
er is
2030
lo
wer
low
er
Exit
s6
All e
xits
sha
ll be
cle
arly
vis
ible
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
7Th
e w
idth
of
exit
corri
dors
sha
ll be
not
less
tha
n12
0010
0012
0010
6012
00
8Ex
it ac
cess
and
pas
sage
s le
adin
g to
exi
t sh
all b
e m
arke
d to
gui
de
traf
ficye
sye
sye
sye
s
9Ex
its s
hall
be il
lum
inat
ed in
da
rkne
ssye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
10Ho
tel a
nd lo
dgin
g ex
its s
hall
be
link
ed w
ith a
com
mon
lobb
y
or o
pen
area
so
occu
pant
s ca
n
choo
se fr
om 2
pat
hs o
f tr
avel
yes
yes
yes
11St
airc
ases
and
cor
ridor
s sh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed w
ith e
mer
genc
y lig
hts
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
12Al
l exi
ts s
hall
be e
asily
dis
cern
able
an
d ac
cess
ible
from
the
are
as
serv
ed b
y th
emye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Canadian human rights commission 87
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
13Ex
its s
hall
be lo
cate
d so
the
y pr
ovid
e co
ntin
uous
mea
ns o
f es
cape
to
the
exte
rior
or t
o de
sign
ated
are
as o
f re
fuge
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
14Ex
it ac
cess
ais
les
may
be
leve
l or
ram
ped
with
a s
lope
not
exc
eedi
ng1
to 2
01:
81:
12
Area
s of
Res
cue/
Refu
ge15
Ther
e sh
all b
e an
are
a of
resc
ue
assi
stan
ce id
entif
ied
with
sig
nage
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
16An
are
a of
refu
ge s
hall
be
sepa
rate
d fr
om t
he b
uild
ing
floor
are
a by
a f
ire s
epar
atio
n ha
ving
a f
ire-
resi
stan
ce r
atin
g at
leas
t eq
ual t
o th
at re
quire
d fo
r an
exi
tye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
17Re
fuge
are
a se
rved
by
an e
xit
or f
irefig
hter
’s el
evat
orye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
18M
inim
um s
pace
s fo
r w
heel
chai
r ar
eas
of re
fuge
22
yes
22
19M
inim
um a
rea
of re
fuge
flo
or
spac
e fo
r ea
ch w
heel
chai
r85
0 x
1200
750
x 12
0012
00 x
120
085
0 x
1370
800
x 13
00
20Re
fuge
are
a is
sm
oke
prot
ecte
d at
any
sto
rey
in b
uild
ings
of
mor
e th
an t
hree
ab
ove
abov
e or
st
orie
sat
any
sm
oke
or b
elow
belo
w g
roun
dye
sst
orey
prot
ect
grou
nd le
vel
leve
l
21An
are
a of
refu
ge s
hall
be
equi
pped
with
a t
elep
hone
or
com
mun
icat
ion
syst
em
conn
ecte
d to
an
emer
genc
y re
spon
se s
yste
mye
sye
sye
s
22An
are
a of
refu
ge s
hall
have
its
loca
tion
indi
cate
d by
di
rect
iona
l sig
nsye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
23An
are
a of
refu
ge s
hall
be
iden
tifie
d on
all
publ
icly
dis
play
ed
floor
eva
cuat
ion
plan
sye
sye
sye
s
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
24An
are
a of
refu
ge s
hall
be
iden
tifie
d on
flo
or e
vacu
atio
n pl
ans
that
are
ava
ilabl
e in
al
tern
ativ
e fo
rmat
sye
sye
s
25An
are
a of
refu
ge s
hall
be
desig
nate
d in
eva
cuat
ion
proc
edur
e do
cum
ents
yes
yes
yes
yes
Elev
ator
s26
Core
wal
ls o
f in
divi
dual
lift
s ha
ve
be f
irea
fire-
resi
stan
ce ra
ting
resi
stan
tye
sm
in. 2
hm
in. 2
h
27El
evat
or c
ar d
oors
to
have
a
resi
stan
ce ra
ting
of a
t le
ast
30 m
in1
h1
h
Sign
age
28Co
lour
and
des
ign
of le
tter
s,
arro
ws
and
sym
bols
on
exit
sign
s sh
all b
e in
hig
h co
ntra
st w
ith
colo
urth
eir
back
grou
ndye
sye
sye
sye
sye
son
gre
yye
s
29W
ords
on
exit
sign
s sh
all b
e a
heig
ht o
f at
leas
t15
140
150
150
30Fl
oor
leve
l sig
ns in
all
inte
rior
betw
een
betw
een
exit
corri
dors
ser
ving
gue
st
150
- 20
015
0 -
200
room
s in
hot
els
shal
l hav
e th
eir
abov
e th
eab
ove
the
bott
om e
dge
floor
floor
31Fo
r ex
it do
ors,
the
flo
or le
vel s
ign
shal
l be
on t
he d
oor
or a
djac
ent
to t
he d
oor
with
the
clo
sest
edg
e w
ithin
100
mm
of
the
door
fra
me
yes
yes
32Fo
r ad
ditio
nal r
equi
rem
ents
of
sign
age
loca
ted
in, i
dent
ifyin
g, o
r di
rect
ing
pers
ons
to a
reas
of
refu
ge,s
eeth
ese
ctio
non
SIGN
AGE
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
FIRE
SAF
ETY
(fro
m p
age
87)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission88
FIRE
SAF
ETY
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1CS
AVi
sual
ala
rms
requ
ire s
trat
egic
pla
cem
ent
so t
hat
the
sign
al f
rom
at
leas
t on
e al
arm
is
visi
ble
thro
ugho
ut a
ny e
nclo
sed
spac
e.
2CS
AVi
sual
ala
rms
shal
l be
sign
ific
antl
y br
ight
er t
han
the
ambi
ent
light
.
3CS
AVi
sual
ala
rms
wit
h ov
erla
ppin
g si
gnal
s ar
e to
be
sync
hron
ized
so
that
the
obs
erve
d co
mbi
ned
flash
pat
tern
doe
s no
t ex
ceed
the
allo
wab
le f
requ
ency
ran
ge.
4CS
A, I
rela
ndPe
ople
wai
ting
in
area
s of
ref
uge
shou
ld n
ot o
bstr
uct
the
egre
ss/e
vacu
atio
n ro
ute.
5CS
A, I
rela
ndTh
e do
or s
win
g sh
ould
not
enc
roac
h on
the
wai
ting
spa
ce.
6CS
A, I
rela
ndAn
are
a of
ref
uge
coul
d be
an
enla
rged
land
ing
in a
n ex
it s
tair
way
.
7CS
A, I
rela
ndSi
nce
area
s of
ref
uge
prov
ide
tem
pora
ry s
afet
y, i
t is
im
port
ant
for
build
ing
man
agem
ent
to h
ave
oper
atin
g pr
oced
ures
in
plac
e th
at c
ompl
emen
t th
e bu
ildin
g de
sign
fea
ture
s.
8So
uth
Afric
a, I
rela
ndEm
erge
ncy
war
ning
sig
nals
sha
ll be
bot
h au
dio
and
visi
ble.
9So
uth
Afric
aTh
e fi
re a
larm
sig
n sh
all b
e sq
uare
wit
h a
pict
ogra
m o
f a
bell
and
a be
ll go
ng o
n it
. Se
e th
e se
ctio
n on
SIG
NAGE
for
the
app
ropr
iate
siz
e of
suc
h a
sign
and
the
ant
icip
ated
vie
win
g di
stan
ce t
o si
gn s
ize
requ
irem
ents
.
10So
uth
Afric
aAt
tach
ing
indi
cato
rs t
o th
e un
ders
ide
of h
andr
ails
to
indi
cate
the
pos
itio
n of
land
ings
, kn
urlin
g of
doo
r ha
ndle
s or
rai
sed
lett
ers
imm
edia
tely
adj
acen
t to
doo
r ha
ndle
s is
enc
oura
ged
as b
uild
ing
desi
gn c
ues
for
use
by p
eopl
e w
ho a
re v
isua
lly i
mpa
ired.
11Ba
ngla
desh
War
ning
sig
ns a
gain
st u
se o
f th
e lif
ts d
urin
g a
fire
sha
ll be
dis
play
ed n
ear
ever
y ca
ll bu
tton
for
a p
asse
nger
lift
.
12Au
stra
liaFo
r au
dibl
e al
arm
s, le
vels
sha
ll ex
ceed
by
15 d
BA t
he n
oisi
est
back
grou
nd s
ound
pre
ssur
e le
vel a
vera
ged
over
a p
erio
d of
60
seco
nds
and
the
leve
l sha
ll no
t be
less
tha
n 75
dBA
.
13Au
stra
liaIt
is
esse
ntia
l tha
t au
dibl
e em
erge
ncy
sign
als
have
an
inte
nsit
y an
d fr
eque
ncy
that
can
att
ract
the
att
enti
on o
f th
e in
divi
dual
s w
ho h
ave
part
ial h
eari
ng lo
ss.
Peop
le o
ver
60 y
ears
of
age
gene
rally
hav
e di
ffic
ulty
in
perc
eivi
ng
freq
uenc
ies
high
er t
han
6000
Hz.
14M
alay
sia
All s
yste
ms
for
publ
ic a
nnou
ncem
ents
and
em
erge
ncy
war
ning
mus
t be
aud
ible
as
wel
l as
visu
al.
15U
NAl
l pub
lic a
nnou
ncem
ents
are
to
be a
udib
le a
nd v
isua
l.
16IC
TARa
mps
sha
ll be
use
d in
exi
ts o
r ex
it a
cces
s co
rrid
ors
whe
re c
hang
es i
n el
evat
ion
exce
ed 1
3 m
m.
17IC
TA“A
rea
of R
escu
e As
sist
ance
” sh
ould
be
the
pref
erre
d te
rm i
n pr
acti
ce f
or “
refu
ge”,
“are
a of
ref
uge”
or
“ref
uge
area
” in
ord
er t
o cl
early
ind
icat
e th
e fu
ncti
on o
f th
e bu
ildin
g sp
ace
and
to a
void
any
con
fusi
on i
n tr
ansl
atio
n fr
om E
nglis
h.
18Ir
elan
dTr
ip h
azar
ds m
ust
be a
void
ed i
n ev
acua
tion
rou
te d
esig
n. I
f a
ram
p ha
s to
be
used
, th
e sl
ope
shou
ld b
e 1:
20.
19Ir
elan
dAl
l int
erna
l doo
rs i
n a
build
ing,
inc
ludi
ng f
ire-r
esis
ting
doo
rs,
shou
ld b
e ea
sy t
o op
en.
The
max
imum
for
ce n
eces
sary
to
open
an
inte
rnal
doo
r sh
ould
be
8 NM
. If
thi
s is
not
pos
sibl
e in
the
cas
e of
fire
-res
isti
ng d
oors
, th
e do
or le
af(s
) sh
ould
be
mai
ntai
ned
in a
n op
en p
osit
ion
and
an a
utom
atic
sel
f-cl
osin
g de
vice
(lin
ked
to t
he b
uild
ing’
s Fi
re D
etec
tion
and
War
ning
Sys
tem
) sh
ould
be
fitt
ed.
Canadian human rights commission 89
Canadian human rights commission90
HANDRAILSTechnical specifications for handrails are provided by all countries included in this study. Handrailsare required on both sides of stairs (2) a requirement by all countries except for the National BuildingCode of Canada. The height of handrails varies from the low of 700 mm to a high of 1050 mm (3). The best practice is judged to be two handrails – one at a height of 650 – 750 mm and the secondat a height of 860 - 920 mm.
The minimum clear width of a ramp between handrails (4) ranges from 870 mm (NBC) to 1200 mm in many countries. Handrails are required to have horizontal extensions (7) extending beyond thebottom and the top of the ramp or stairs by all countries with the exception of Bangladesh.
The diameter of handrails (13) is consistent at 35 - 45 mm with the exception of South Africa wherethey allow a maximum diameter of 60 mm. Handrails are required to have a continuous gripping surface (11) without interruption by most codes and standards except Bangladesh, the Philippinesand Malaysia. It is important to provide handrails that are easy to grasp and comfortable to use.Increasingly handrails are required to be colour contrasted (24) with their surrounding surface. This is considered a good universal design practice.
Mexico recommends that ramps and stairs wider than 4 m have a handrail in the middle. The LebanonUN Guidelines highlight the dangers for children by calling our attention to the spacing betweenvertical and horizontal bars. They further recommend a contrasting tactile strip the applied to thetop and bottom edges of the handrail for emergency exits stairs or ramps. This is an excellentsafety feature.
Canadian human rights commission 91
HAN
DRAI
LS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
At r
amps
1Ha
ndra
ils a
re re
quire
d on
bot
h si
des
if th
e ris
e on
the
ram
p ru
n is
gre
ater
tha
n15
0no
lim
it15
0no
lim
itno
lim
it50
0 in
terio
rno
lim
itno
lim
itno
lim
it15
0no
lim
itno
lim
itno
lim
it
2Ha
ndra
ils a
re re
quire
d on
bot
hif
stee
per
side
s of
the
ram
pye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sth
an 1
:15
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
3Th
e ha
ndra
il he
ight
abo
ve t
he
900,
and
650
- 75
0 66
5 -
700
650
- 75
0 ra
mp
shal
l be
anot
her
atan
dan
dan
d 86
0 -
920
865
- 96
586
5 -
965
900
700
- 90
070
0 ou
tdoo
r95
0 -
1050
850
- 10
0070
0 an
d 90
080
0 -
900
865
- 10
0086
5 -
920
860
- 92
0
4M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th o
f ra
mp
– be
twee
n ha
ndra
ils –
sha
ll be
920
870
915
900
900
1500
out
door
1000
1200
1100
1200
1200
1200
1000
900
950
- 10
0010
00
5Th
e di
stan
ce b
etw
een
at le
ast
on
e se
t of
han
drai
ls o
n a
wid
er
ram
p sh
all b
e92
0 -
1000
1200
1200
1000
1500
1000
1000
6Th
e m
axim
um d
ista
nce
betw
een
the
side
wal
l and
the
ram
p si
de
of t
he h
andr
ail n
ot t
o ex
ceed
100
9510
010
0
7Ha
ndra
ils e
xten
d ho
rizon
tally
be
yond
the
top
and
bot
tom
of
the
ram
p or
sta
irs a
t le
ast
300
300
305
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
yes
300
300
300
300
300
At s
tair
s8
Ther
e sh
all b
e ha
ndra
ils o
n bo
th
only
if p
art
side
s of
the
sta
irsof
the
ye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
ses
cape
rout
eye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
9To
p he
ight
of
hand
rail
abov
e 65
0 -
750
700
- 75
0 65
0 -
750
stai
r no
sing
sha
ll be
and
and
and
860
- 92
086
5 -
965
865
- 96
590
070
0 -
900
900
840
- 90
095
0 -
1050
900
- 10
00m
in. 9
0070
0 an
d 90
084
0 -
875
800
- 90
086
5 -
1000
850
- 95
086
5 -
920
860
- 92
0
10To
p of
the
han
drai
l abo
ve s
tair
840
- 90
0 no
sing
and
the
top
of
the
hand
rail
stai
rs,
on t
he la
ndin
g ab
ove
the
floor
84
0 -
1000
sh
all b
e un
iform
in h
eigh
tye
sye
sye
sla
ndin
gsye
sye
sye
s
11Ha
ndra
ils s
hall
be c
ontin
uous
ar
ound
land
ings
less
tha
n 21
00 m
m in
leng
th e
xcep
t
whe
re it
is in
ters
ecte
d by
ha
ndra
il an
alte
rnat
ive
path
of
trav
el
shou
ld b
eor
has
an
entr
y do
or le
adin
gco
ntin
uous
into
itye
sif
poss
ible
yes
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
12M
inim
um d
ista
nce
betw
een
hand
rails
on
stai
rs s
hall
be92
091
590
012
0090
010
0015
0092
0
Gene
ral
13Ha
ndra
ils s
hall
have
a d
iam
eter
(o
r eq
uiva
lent
grip
ping
sha
pe)
of30
- 4
030
- 4
332
- 5
132
- 3
835
- 5
030
- 5
045
- 5
040
- 5
0m
ax. 6
030
- 5
035
- 4
530
- 4
030
- 4
030
- 4
0
14Ha
ndra
ils s
hall
resi
st a
forc
e rig
id a
ndap
plie
d in
any
dire
ctio
n of
at
leas
tse
cure
lyw
ithst
and
1.3
kN50
daN
/mfix
edye
s1.
3 kN
1.1
kNhe
avy
load
s0.
9 kN
1.3
kN
15Ha
ndra
ils a
re f
ree
of a
bras
ive
finis
hed
el
emen
tsof
f no
t
to p
rese
ntye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sa
haza
rdye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
16Ha
ndra
ils t
o ha
ve a
con
tinuo
us
yes,
eas
yno
t le
ss t
han
yes,
eas
y gr
ippi
ng s
urfa
ce, w
ithou
t gr
asp
270˚
aro
und
gras
pin
terru
ptio
n by
new
el p
osts
ye
s an
d ha
vew
ith a
firm
up
perm
ost
with
firm
or a
ny o
ther
con
stru
ctio
n a
cont
inuo
usco
mfo
rtab
lesu
rface
co
mfo
rtab
leel
emen
ts o
r ob
stru
ctio
ns t
hat
grip
ping
grip
with
out
Fully
circ
ular
grip
with
out
can
inte
rrupt
a h
and
hold
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
surfa
ceye
sye
sob
stru
ctio
npr
efer
red
yes
yes
obst
ruct
ion
17Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
spa
ce b
etw
een
a sm
ooth
wal
l sur
face
and
the
ha
ndra
il35
- 4
540
3840
5045
- 5
540
5040
5040
40 -
45
40
18Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
spa
ce
unde
rnea
th t
he h
andr
ail s
hall
be35
- 4
538
300
4015
40
19Th
e cl
ear
spac
e be
twee
n a
roug
h w
all s
urfa
ce a
nd t
he h
andr
ail
shal
l be
45 -
60
60m
in. 4
0m
in. 6
060
6060
20A
rece
ss c
onta
inin
g a
hand
rail
shal
l hav
e a
min
imum
hei
ght
ab
ove
the
top
of t
he ra
il of
450
455
300
450
600
450
450
450
21Ha
ndra
il sh
all b
e co
ntin
uous
on
the
insi
de o
f ra
mps
, sta
irs a
ndye
s w
here
ar
ound
land
ings
yes
yes
yes
yes
poss
ible
yes
yes
22Ha
ndra
ils s
hall
exte
nd h
oriz
onta
lly
beyo
nd t
he t
op a
nd b
otto
m o
f th
e ra
mp
or s
tairs
at
leas
t30
030
030
530
030
030
030
030
030
030
030
030
030
0
HAN
DRAI
LS (
from
pag
e 91
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission92
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
23Ha
ndra
ils s
hall
have
hor
izon
tal
or t
urn
dow
n ex
tens
ions
tha
t re
turn
to
wal
l, at
an
angl
eflo
or o
r po
stye
sye
sye
sye
sof
180
˚ye
sye
s
24Ha
ndra
ils s
hall
be c
olou
r co
ntra
sted
fro
m t
he s
urro
undi
nglu
min
ance
su
rface
sye
s40
% c
ontr
ast
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
25W
hen
hand
rail
exte
nsio
ns a
re n
ot
finis
hed
or t
urn
dow
n co
ntin
uous
do
they
sha
ll re
turn
to
to n
ot c
reat
eat
an
angl
eth
e w
all,
floor
or
post
yes
yes
yes
yes
a ha
zard
yes
yes
of 1
80˚
yes
yes
yes
26W
hen
hand
rails
are
not
co
ntin
uous
and
retu
rn t
o th
e po
st t
hey
shal
l be
a m
axim
um o
ff th
e flo
or o
f68
068
0
Canadian human rights commission 93
HAN
DRAI
LSCO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1M
exic
oRa
mps
and
sta
irs
that
are
mor
e th
an 4
m w
ide
shou
ld h
ave
a ha
ndra
il in
the
mid
dle.
2So
uth
Afric
aAf
fixi
ng i
ndic
ator
s to
the
und
ersi
de o
f ha
ndra
ils t
o in
dica
te t
he p
osit
ion
of la
ndin
gs i
s ex
trem
ely
usef
ul f
or w
ayfi
ndin
g by
peo
ple
who
are
vis
ually
im
paire
d.
3Si
ngap
ore
A ha
ndra
il sh
ould
be
easy
to
gras
p, p
rovi
ding
a f
irm
and
com
fort
able
gri
p so
tha
t th
e ha
nd c
an s
lide
alon
g th
e ra
il w
itho
ut o
bstr
ucti
on.
4Si
ngap
ore
Wid
e ha
ndra
ils o
r gr
ab b
ars
whi
ch a
llow
onl
y a
pinc
hing
gri
p ar
e un
desi
rabl
e, a
nd a
pro
per
hand
-siz
ed g
rasp
ing
area
sho
uld
be p
rovi
ded.
5Si
ngap
ore
Han
drai
ls s
hall
be s
lip-r
esis
tant
.
6Au
stra
liaW
here
a h
andr
ail i
s no
t co
ntin
ued,
a t
acti
le i
ndic
ator
in
the
form
of
a do
med
but
ton
shal
l be
prov
ided
on
the
top
of t
he h
andr
ail,
150
±10
fro
m t
he e
nd o
f th
e ha
ndra
il.
7Au
stra
liaW
here
aff
ixed
to
a w
all,
hand
rails
sho
uld
be i
n a
cont
rast
ing
colo
ur,
and
have
a lu
min
ance
con
tras
t w
ith
the
wal
l of
not
less
tha
n 30
%.
8Au
stra
liaOn
sta
irs
and
ram
ps,
a se
cond
han
drai
l at
a lo
wer
hei
ght
may
be
prov
ided
, at
a h
eigh
t of
bet
wee
n 66
5 -
700
mm
.
9U
NSp
acin
g be
twee
n ve
rtic
al a
nd h
oriz
onta
l bar
s of
rai
lings
sho
uld
be n
arro
w f
or t
he s
afet
y of
chi
ldre
n.
10U
NFo
r em
erge
ncy
exit
sta
irs
or r
amps
, a
cont
rast
ing
tact
ile s
trip
at
leas
t 90
0 m
m lo
ng s
houl
d be
app
lied
to t
he t
op a
nd b
otto
m e
dges
of
the
hand
rail
to a
lert
the
par
tial
ly s
ight
ed.
Canadian human rights commission94
Canadian human rights commission 95
KITCHENSAdequate manoeuvring space in a kitchen or kitchenette is important so that people are able to use all appliances and counter space. A minimum clear width between counters of 1500 mm is recommended (1). It is important to provide floor space in front of all appliances (2), as specifiedby Canada and the U.S.
An accessible work surface with adequate kneespace (4,5,6) as well as reach heights (9) for kitchencabinets and drawers are specified. Another important consideration is that an electrical receptacle beprovided at the side or front of the work space (8).
An accessible sink with kneespace and a lever-type (19) handle are recommended by Spain.Controls should be located at the front of appliances (22) with the work surface height at a rangebetween 750 - 800 mm (23), as specified by Spain. An adjacent work surface beside all appliances is an excellent design element. Adequate illumination levels (33) in the kitchen are specified byCanada, Spain and South Africa where 200 lux is recommended.
There are a great number of practical comments and recommendations to make the kitchen spaceaccessible including side-by-side refrigerators, designing storage space so that it is easily reached and ergonomically sound, an important consideration for everyone. Full-height storage cabinets whichprovide a good range of accessible storage are also appreciated by everyone.
Clea
r Fl
oor
Area
and
Cle
aran
ces
1Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
ance
bet
wee
n 10
15 (
wal
kco
unte
rs a
nd a
ll op
posi
ng b
ase
thru
), 1
525
cabi
nets
, cou
nter
tops
, app
lianc
es
(clo
sed
onor
wal
ls in
a k
itche
n sh
all b
e15
003
side
s)15
0015
00
2Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
flo
or s
pace
for
appr
oach
to
all a
pplia
nces
or
oper
able
par
ts o
f co
ntro
ls s
hall
be75
0 X
1200
760
x 12
2076
0 x
1370
800
x 13
00
Cont
rols
3Fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r op
erab
le
part
s of
con
trol
s (t
herm
osta
ts,
elec
tric
al s
witc
hes,
circ
uit
brea
kers
, loc
ks, i
nter
com
but
tons
, el
ectr
ical
wal
l out
lets
), s
ee
sect
ion
on A
NTHR
OPOM
ETRI
CSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Wor
k Su
rfac
es4
At le
ast
one
wor
k su
rface
sha
ll ha
ve a
wid
th o
f at
leas
t75
076
076
076
0
5At
leas
t on
e w
ork
surfa
ce s
hall
have
a d
epth
of
at le
ast
600
600
6At
leas
t on
e w
ork
surfa
ce s
hall
have
a h
eigh
t of
730
- 86
086
5 m
ax.
710
- 86
573
0 -
860
7Se
e se
ctio
n in
ANT
HROP
OMET
RICS
fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r w
ork
surfa
ces,
kn
eesp
ace
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Rece
ptac
les
8Th
ere
shal
l be
elec
tric
al
rece
ptac
les
at t
he s
ide
or
in f
ront
of
the
wor
k sp
ace
yes
yes
Cabi
nets
9
Kitc
hen
cabi
nets
, dra
wer
s an
d sh
elve
s sh
all h
ave
at le
ast
one
shel
f lo
cate
d fro
m t
he f
loor
no
t m
ore
than
1100
1170
1200
1100
KITC
HEN
S
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission96
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
10Up
per
kitc
hen
cabi
nets
and
dr
awer
s sh
all h
ave
D-ty
pe d
oor
pulls
mou
nted
clo
se t
o th
e bo
ttom
of
the
cabi
net
door
sye
sye
s
11Lo
wer
kitc
hen
cabi
nets
and
dr
awer
s sh
all h
ave
D-ty
pe d
oor
pulls
mou
nted
clo
se t
o th
e to
p of
bas
e ca
bine
t do
ors
yes
yes
12M
inim
um t
oe s
pace
dep
th fo
r ba
se c
abin
ets
150
150
150
13M
inim
um t
oe s
pace
hei
ght
for
base
cab
inet
s23
023
023
023
0
14A
sink
sha
ll be
loca
ted
with
its
cent
relin
e fro
m t
he s
ide
wal
l at
leas
t46
046
046
0
Sink
15A
sink
sha
ll ha
ve n
o sh
arp
or
abra
sive
sur
face
s un
der
itye
sye
sye
sye
s
16Ki
tche
n si
nk r
im h
eigh
t ab
ove
the
floor
to
be b
etw
een
810
- 86
086
5 m
ax.
750
- 80
071
0 -
865
750
- 80
0
17Se
e se
ctio
n in
ANT
HROP
OMET
RICS
fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r w
ork
surfa
ces,
kn
eesp
ace,
toe
spa
ceye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Sink
Fau
cets
and
Pip
es18
A si
nk s
hall
have
hot
wat
er a
nd
drai
n pi
pes
offs
et t
o th
e re
ar a
nd
not
abut
the
cle
ar s
pace
yes
yes
yes
19Fa
ucet
s sh
all h
ave
leve
r-ty
pe
hand
le o
pera
ble
with
a c
lose
d fis
t or
aut
omat
ical
ly a
ctiv
ated
yes
yes
hand
le t
ype
yes
yes
20Fa
ucet
s co
ntro
ls if
not
au
tom
atic
ally
act
ivat
ed s
hall
be o
pera
ble
with
one
han
d an
d w
itho
ut t
ight
gra
spin
g,
pinc
hing
, or
twis
ting
of
the
wris
tye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Canadian human rights commission 97
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
21Se
e se
ctio
n in
ANT
HROP
OMET
RICS
fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r op
erat
ing
cont
rols
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Rang
es,
Oven
s an
d Co
ok T
ops
22Ra
nges
, ove
ns, a
nd c
ook
tops
sh
ould
hav
e co
ntro
ls lo
cate
d w
hich
do
not
requ
ire re
achi
ng
loca
ted
loca
ted
loca
ted
acro
ss t
he b
urne
rs t
o op
erat
eye
sat
fro
ntat
fro
ntat
fro
nt
23A
cook
top
or
rang
e sh
all h
ave
a
surfa
ce h
eigh
t lo
cate
d ab
ove
th
e flo
or b
etw
een
810
- 86
086
5 m
ax.
750
- 80
075
0 -
800
24A
cook
top
or
rang
e sh
all h
ave
an
adj
acen
t w
ork
surfa
ce a
t th
e
sam
e he
ight
as
the
cook
top
w
ith a
wid
th o
f at
leas
t40
040
0
25Fo
r co
ok t
op f
loor
spa
ce a
nd k
nee
clea
ranc
e re
quire
men
ts, s
ee w
ork
spac
e in
ANT
HROP
OMET
RICS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
26Ov
ens
shou
ld h
ave
cont
rols
lo
cate
d on
the
fro
nt p
anel
yes
yes
yes
27If
an
oven
is e
quip
ped
with
a s
ide
open
ing
door
, a h
oriz
onta
l sur
face
sh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed e
ither
on
the
latc
h si
de o
f th
e do
or o
r as
a
pull-
out
shel
f un
der
the
oven
yes
yes
yes
28If
an
oven
is e
quip
ped
with
a s
ide
open
ing
door
, and
a h
oriz
onta
l pu
ll-ou
t sh
elf
unde
r th
e ov
en is
pr
ovid
ed, i
t sh
all e
xten
d th
e w
idth
of
the
oven
yes
yes
29If
an
oven
is e
quip
ped
with
a s
ide
op
enin
g do
or, a
nd a
hor
izon
tal
pull-
out
shel
f un
der
the
oven
is
prov
ided
, it
shal
l be
poss
ible
to
pul
l out
the
she
lf a
min
imum
de
pth
of25
025
0
KITC
HEN
S(f
rom
pag
e 97
)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission98
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Frid
ge30
A re
frige
rato
r an
d fre
ezer
sha
ll be
sel
f-de
frost
ing
yes
yes
31If
a re
frige
rato
r an
d fre
ezer
are
of
no m
ore
an o
ver a
nd u
nder
typ
e, t
he fr
eeze
r th
an 5
0%
shel
f sp
ace
shal
l be
loca
ted
abov
e of
fre
ezer
indi
vidu
alth
e flo
or n
o m
ore
than
1100
abov
e 13
70pr
efer
ence
32Re
frige
rato
r an
d fre
ezer
con
trol
s sh
all b
e lo
cate
d ab
ove
the
floor
in
divi
dual
no m
ore
than
1100
1220
pref
eren
ce
Illu
min
atio
n33
Illum
inat
ion
leve
ls in
the
kitc
hen
and
at o
pera
ting
cont
rols
whe
re
read
ing
is n
eces
sary
sha
ll be
20
0 lx
at
illum
inat
ed t
o a
leve
l of
at le
ast
200
lx20
0 lx
coun
ter
tops
200
lx
Othe
r34
For
any
sign
age
requ
irem
ents
, see
se
ctio
n on
SIG
NAGE
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
35Fo
r an
y ro
om d
oor
requ
irem
ents
, se
e se
ctio
n on
DOO
RSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Canadian human rights commission 99
KITC
HEN
SCO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1CS
AAn
add
itio
nal p
ull-
out
wor
k bo
ard
belo
w t
he s
tand
ard
coun
tert
op le
vel i
s de
sira
ble.
2CS
ATh
e w
ork
surf
ace
linki
ng t
he k
itch
en a
pplia
nces
sho
uld
be c
onti
nuou
s.
3CS
AIf
hot
wat
er a
nd d
rain
pip
es a
but
the
clea
ranc
es u
nder
the
sin
k, t
hey
shou
ld b
e in
sula
ted.
4CS
ANa
tura
l lig
htin
g, t
ask
light
ing,
and
dim
mer
sw
itch
es i
mpr
ove
and
add
to c
onve
ntio
nal l
ight
ing.
5CS
ACo
ok t
ops
wit
h fla
t ce
ram
ic s
urfa
ces
are
not
desi
rabl
e fo
r pe
ople
wit
h lo
w v
isio
n.
6CS
ATo
avo
id b
urns
, si
de o
peni
ng w
all o
vens
are
pre
ferr
ed.
7CS
AIt
is
reco
mm
ende
d th
at o
vens
be
self-
clea
ning
.
8CS
AM
icro
wav
e ov
ens
shou
ld b
e m
ount
ed a
t co
unte
r he
ight
.
9CS
ASo
me
peop
le f
ind
side
-by-
side
ref
riger
ator
s m
ore
acce
ssib
le.
How
ever
, th
ese
mod
els
may
be
wid
er a
nd m
ay b
e ta
ller.
10CS
AW
here
an
over
and
und
er r
efrig
erat
or/f
reez
er m
odel
is
chos
en,
som
e pe
ople
fin
d it
pre
fera
ble
to h
ave
the
free
zer
at t
he b
otto
m.
11CS
AIn
all
type
s of
ref
riger
ator
s, c
ontr
ols
for
both
the
ref
riger
ator
and
fre
ezer
sho
uld
be w
ithi
n a
hori
zont
al r
each
of
500
mm
for
a s
eate
d us
er.
12CS
AFu
ll-he
ight
sto
rage
cab
inet
s pr
ovid
e a
good
ran
ge o
f ac
cess
ible
sto
rage
.
13CS
AFu
ll-ex
tens
ion
draw
ers
and
shel
ves
prov
ide
stor
age
spac
e th
at i
s ea
sy t
o re
ach
and
use.
14CS
ALa
zy S
usan
tra
ys c
an p
rovi
de a
cces
sibl
e st
orag
e.
15Sp
ain
Wor
k su
rfac
es s
houl
d be
at
two
heig
hts:
to
wor
k fr
om a
sta
nd u
p po
siti
on:
850
- 95
0 m
m,
to w
ork
from
a s
eate
d po
siti
on:
750
- 85
0 m
m.
16Sp
ain
Kitc
hen
spac
es m
ust
be o
f at
leas
t 5
m2 .
17Si
ngap
ore
Non-
slip
flo
orin
g sh
ould
be
used
.
18Si
ngap
ore
Cupb
oard
s at
hig
h or
low
leve
l may
be
haza
rdou
s fo
r ol
der
pers
ons
to r
each
wit
h sa
fety
. An
y sh
elf
at a
hei
ght
that
wou
ld r
equi
re a
per
son
to s
tand
on
a st
ool o
r ch
air
mus
t be
avo
ided
.
Canadian human rights commission100
Canadian human rights commission 101
LIBRARIESThe most important consideration in libraries is that aisles are wide and that sufficient space is providedto allow someone who uses a wheelchair to turn around.
All interior spaces in the library should be accessible to people using wheelchairs (1). The recommendedwidth for a library aisle should be 920 mm. The width of the checkout (2) should be wider at1060 mm to allow for people to manoeuvre around someone seated in a wheelchair.
Uruguay and Canada point out that it is important to consider information on visual displays (7) toensure that it is well contrasted and located on a glare-free surface. Other areas of the library shouldcomply with general requirements such as the access route, doors and signage recommendations.
LIBR
ARIE
S
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission102
Aisl
es/S
eati
ng1
The
aisl
es s
hall
be a
min
imum
w
idth
of
920
920
915
900
1060
920
2Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
wid
th a
t th
e ch
ecko
ut la
ne s
hall
be92
091
590
010
6010
60
3Se
atin
g sp
aces
for
pers
ons
in
whe
elch
airs
sha
ll ha
ve a
min
imum
cl
ear
floor
are
a of
(w
idth
x d
epth
)75
0 x
1200
760
x 12
2075
0 x
1200
900
x 12
0076
0 x
1370
800
x 13
00
4Se
atin
g sp
aces
for
pers
ons
in
whe
elch
airs
sha
ll ha
ve a
dequ
ate
man
oeuv
ring
spac
e to
app
roac
h th
e se
atin
g ar
eaye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Coun
ter/
Tabl
e5
For
requ
irem
ents
for
coun
ters
, ta
ble
heig
hts
and
knee
spac
e re
quire
men
ts, s
ee s
ectio
n in
ANTH
ROPO
MET
RICS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Cont
rols
6Fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r op
erab
le
cont
rols,
see
sec
tion
in
ANTH
ROPO
MET
RICS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
7In
form
atio
n on
vis
ual d
ispl
ays
shal
l be
supp
lem
ente
d by
tac
tile
and/
or a
udito
ry in
form
atio
n,
colo
ur
colo
ur c
ontr
aste
d, a
nd lo
cate
d co
ntra
st a
ndon
a g
lare
-fre
e su
rface
yes
glar
e-fre
eye
sye
sye
s
Othe
r8
For
door
requ
irem
ents
, see
se
ctio
n on
DOO
RSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
9Fo
r ci
rcul
atio
n, li
ne-u
p ar
eas,
an
d ac
cess
rout
e re
quire
men
ts,
see
sect
ion
on A
CCES
S RO
UTE
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
10Fo
r an
y si
gnag
e re
quire
men
ts,
see
the
sect
ion
on S
IGNA
GEye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Note
:Fo
r ad
ditio
nal c
omm
ents
, see
sec
tion
on W
orks
tatio
ns.
Canadian human rights commission 103
LODGING AND TRANSIENT ACCOMMODATIONSTransient accommodation includes hotels, motels, hostels, university residences, and all types of short-term accommodation.
The U.S. requires that guestrooms with mobility features be disbursed throughout all types of classesof guestrooms. Some of the technical specifications include access to the entrance door, a seconddoor viewer at a low height, (4) a doorbell or intercom (5) and adequate lighting (3). Lighting isaddressed by Canada, South Africa and Australia, with the best practice at 200 lux.
Windows sills should be at a maximum height of 750 mm (8) with locking mechanisms that arereachable, as specified by the CSA Standard. The U.S. requires that exterior spaces including patiosand terraces also be accessible (10). Sweden and the U.S. specify that the living and dining areas beaccessible (11) and comply with reach requirements to access all switches (12) such as thermostat,fans etc., something that is addressed by most countries. Australia and the U.S. require a clear floorspace beside the bed (13).
The number of accessible rooms (15 - 26) is specified by the U.S. (5%), Ireland (1 of 20), thePhilippines (1 of 50) and Singapore (1 of 200). A mix of rooms with roll-in showers and regularshowers is recommended. The U.S. provides specific numbers for the number of rooms with a roll-inshowers vs. those without. For example, for facilities with 200 - 300 guestrooms available, sevenaccessible rooms with a regular shower would be required and 3 with roll-in showers.
Emergency alarm systems (31) are required to have both audible and visual signals in Sweden,Australia, in Canada and, an important safety issue. Only the U.S. specifies a requirement for volumecontrol (34) telephones and both Canada and the U.S. mention space for TTY’s so that Deaf people (35)are able to use a telephone for communication.
An accessible storage space is specified by Canada and Australia with clear floor space in front ofclothes closets with shelves at a variety of heights. Technical specifications for the location of themedicine cabinet (60) is also addressed by Canada, with Bangladesh and Canada requiring a minimumof illumination at the medicine cabinet.
Gene
ral
1Tr
ansi
ent
acco
mm
odat
ion
in
acce
ssib
le b
edro
oms
or s
uite
s sh
all
incl
ude
hote
ls, m
otel
s, h
oste
ls, o
r un
iver
sity
resi
denc
esye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
2Gu
est
room
s re
quire
d to
pro
vide
m
obili
ty f
eatu
res
shal
l be
disp
erse
d am
ong
the
vario
us
type
s an
d cl
asse
s of
gue
st ro
oms
yes
yes
Entr
ance
Doo
r3
The
entr
ance
land
ing
or a
rea
shal
l be
cap
able
of
bein
g ill
umin
ated
to
a le
vel o
f at
leas
t20
0 lx
150
lx15
0 lx
200
lx20
0 lx
4A
door
sha
ll ha
ve a
sec
ond
door
vi
ewer
loca
ted
at a
hei
ght
from
th
e flo
or b
etw
een
1100
- 1
200
1100
- 1
200
5A
door
bel
l or
inte
rcom
sys
tem
co
ntro
ls80
0 -
1000
sh
all b
e lo
cate
d at
a h
eigh
t ab
ove
suita
bly
and
700
the
floor
of
400
- 12
00lo
cate
dfro
m c
orne
r
6A
door
bel
l or
inte
rcom
sys
tem
if
conn
ecte
d to
a s
ecur
ity re
leas
e do
or o
pene
r, sh
all h
ave
a vi
sual
an
d au
dibl
e si
gnal
at
the
entr
ance
to
indi
cate
“go
ahe
ad”
yes
yes
7A
door
bel
l or
inte
rcom
sys
tem
sh
all b
e co
nnec
ted
to a
co
mm
unic
atio
n sy
stem
with
in
the
unit
yes
yes
Win
dow
s 8
Win
dow
s in
room
s sh
all h
ave
sills
a m
axim
um h
eigh
t fro
m t
heflo
or o
f75
076
575
0
9W
indo
ws
in ro
oms
shal
l hav
e op
enin
g an
d lo
ckin
g m
echa
nism
s lo
cate
d a
heig
ht f
rom
the
flo
or o
f40
0 -
1200
400
- 12
0040
0 -
1200
10Ex
terio
r sp
aces
, inc
ludi
ng p
atio
s,
terra
ces
and
balc
onie
s th
at s
erve
th
e gu
est
room
sha
ll be
acc
essi
ble
yes
yes
yes
LODG
ING
AND
TRAN
SIEN
T AC
COM
MOD
ATIO
NS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission104
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Othe
r Ar
eas
11Li
ving
and
din
ing
area
s sh
all b
e ac
cess
ible
yes
yes
yes
Cont
rols
12Th
e he
ight
for
oper
atin
g co
ntro
l re
quire
men
ts fo
r su
ch it
ems
as e
lect
rical
sw
itche
s, o
utle
ts,
ther
mos
tats
, com
mun
icat
ion
syst
ems,
bre
aker
box
es, e
xhau
st
fans
and
mai
n w
ater
shu
t-of
f va
lves
sha
ll be
bet
wee
n (f
or
addi
tiona
l inf
o, s
ee c
ontro
l sec
tion
in A
NTHR
OPOM
ETRI
CS)
400
- 12
0038
0 -
1220
800
- 10
0050
0 -
1200
700
- 12
0060
0 -
1200
380
- 10
6040
0 -
1200
400
- 12
00
Slee
ping
Are
a/Be
d 13
At le
ast
one
slee
ping
are
a sh
all
prov
ide
a cl
ear
floor
spa
ce a
m
inim
um o
f76
0 x
1220
1000
wid
e76
0 x
1370
800
x 13
00
14Th
e cl
ear
floor
spa
ce s
hall
be
posi
tione
d fo
r pa
ralle
l app
roac
h to
the
sid
e of
the
bed
yes
yes
Num
ber
of A
cces
sibl
e Ro
oms
15In
gue
st ro
om a
ccom
mod
atio
ns
1 pe
r ha
ving
mor
e th
an 2
5 be
ds,
200
hote
l m
inim
um n
umbe
r of
bed
s m
eetin
g ro
oms
orcl
ear
floor
wid
th re
quire
men
tpa
rt t
here
of.
1 pe
r 50
+1
per
100
or
1/10
0 pa
rtpa
rt t
here
of1
out
of 2
0th
ereo
f. At
host
els,
1 ou
t of
20
or p
art
leas
t 1
atre
side
nces
,or
par
t5%
ther
eof
none
entr
y le
vel
dorm
sth
ereo
f
16M
in. #
of
room
s w
ithou
t ro
ll-in
sh
ower
s/(w
ith ro
ll-in
sho
wer
s)
of t
otal
room
s 1
- 25
1/(0
)1/
(0)
17M
in. #
of
room
s w
ithou
t ro
ll-in
sh
ower
s/(w
ith ro
ll-in
sho
wer
s)
1/(0
) of
tot
al ro
oms
26 -
50
2/(0
)ou
t of
20
2/(0
)
18M
in. #
of
room
s w
ithou
t ro
ll-in
sh
ower
s/(w
ith ro
ll-in
sho
wer
s)
of t
otal
room
s 51
- 7
53/
(1)
3/(1
)
Canadian human rights commission 105
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
19M
in. #
of
room
s w
ithou
t ro
ll-in
sh
ower
s/(w
ith ro
ll-in
sho
wer
s)
of t
otal
room
s 76
- 1
004/
(1)
4/(1
)
20M
in. #
of
room
s w
ithou
t ro
ll-in
sh
ower
s/(w
ith ro
ll-in
sho
wer
s)
of t
otal
room
s 10
1 -
150
5/(2
)5/
(2)
21M
in. #
of
room
s w
ithou
t ro
ll-in
sh
ower
s/(w
ith ro
ll-in
sho
wer
s)
of t
otal
room
s 15
1 -
200
6/(2
)6/
(2)
22M
in. #
of
room
s w
ithou
t ro
ll-in
sh
ower
s/(w
ith ro
ll-in
sho
wer
s)
of t
otal
room
s 20
1 -
300
7/(3
)7/
(3)
23M
in. #
of
room
s w
ithou
t ro
ll-in
sh
ower
s/(w
ith ro
ll-in
sho
wer
s)
of t
otal
room
s 30
1 -
400
8/(4
)8/
(4)
24M
in. #
of
room
s w
ithou
t ro
ll-in
sh
ower
s/(w
ith ro
ll-in
sho
wer
s)
of t
otal
room
s 40
1 -
500
9/(4
)9/
(4)
25M
in. #
of
room
s w
ithou
t ro
ll-in
sh
ower
s/(w
ith ro
ll-in
sho
wer
s)
of t
otal
room
s 50
1 -
1000
2% o
f to
tal
2% o
f to
tal
26M
in. #
of
room
s w
ithou
t ro
ll-in
20
+ 1
20
+ 1
sh
ower
s/(w
ith ro
ll-in
sho
wer
s)fo
r ea
chfo
r ea
chof
tot
al ro
oms
1001
+10
0 ov
er10
0 ov
er
1000
1000
Toile
t/Ba
thin
g Fa
cilit
ies
27Nu
mbe
r of
toi
let
and
bath
ing
min
. 1 ro
omfa
cilit
ies
to b
e ac
cess
ible
acce
ssib
lepe
r 10
0 or
ac
cess
ible
room
spa
rt o
f, to
room
s to
to h
ave
have
aha
veac
cess
ible
was
h ba
sin
acce
ssib
leno
few
erba
thtu
b or
and
bath
bath
tub
orno
few
er
than
1sh
ower
sta
llor
sho
wer
show
er s
tall
than
1
28At
leas
t on
e w
ater
clo
set,
one
la
vato
ry, a
nd o
ne b
atht
ub o
r sh
ower
sha
ll be
acc
essi
ble
yes
yes
yes
29Fo
r al
l bat
htub
requ
irem
ents
, se
e se
ctio
n on
BAT
HTUB
Sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
LODG
ING
AND
TRAN
SIEN
T AC
COM
MOD
ATIO
NS
(fro
m p
age
106)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission106
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
30Fo
r gr
ab b
ar re
quire
men
ts, s
ee
sect
ion
in W
ASHR
OOM
Sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Alar
ms/
Visu
al N
otif
icat
ion
Devi
ces
31An
em
erge
ncy
alar
m s
hall
incl
ude
both
aud
ible
and
vis
ual s
igna
lsye
sye
sye
sye
s
32Vi
sibl
e no
tific
atio
n de
vice
s sh
all
be p
rovi
ded
to a
lert
room
oc
cupa
nts
of in
com
ing
tele
phon
eby
fla
sher
ca
lls, a
doo
rkno
ck o
r be
llye
sla
mp
yes
33No
tific
atio
n de
vice
s sh
all n
ot b
e co
nnec
ted
to e
mer
genc
y vi
sibl
e al
arm
sig
nal a
pplia
nces
yes
yes
yes
Tele
phon
e/Co
mm
unic
atio
n De
vice
s34
Tele
phon
es in
room
s sh
all h
ave
volu
me
cont
rols
yes
yes
yes
35To
faci
litat
e th
e us
e of
a T
TY,
tele
phon
es s
hall
be s
erve
d by
an
ele
ctric
al o
utle
t lo
cate
d a
max
imum
dis
tanc
e fro
m t
he
tele
phon
e of
1200
1220
1200
36Gu
est
room
s re
quire
d to
pro
vide
co
mm
unic
atio
n fe
atur
es s
hall
be
disp
erse
d am
ong
the
vario
us
type
s an
d cl
asse
s of
gue
st ro
oms
yes
yes
37M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
gue
st ro
oms
whi
ch p
rovi
de m
obili
ty a
nd
com
mun
icat
ion
feat
ures
11
38M
axim
um n
umbe
r of
gue
st ro
oms
whi
ch p
rovi
de m
obili
ty a
nd
com
mun
icat
ion
feat
ures
10%
10%
39M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
requ
ired
gues
t ro
oms
with
com
mun
icat
ion
feat
ures
whe
re t
here
are
bet
wee
n 2
- 25
room
s2
2
40M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
requ
ired
gues
t ro
oms
with
com
mun
icat
ion
feat
ures
whe
re t
here
are
bet
wee
n 26
- 5
0 ro
oms
44
Canadian human rights commission 107
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
41M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
requ
ired
gues
t ro
oms
with
com
mun
icat
ion
feat
ures
whe
re t
here
are
bet
wee
n 51
- 7
5 ro
oms
77
42M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
requ
ired
gues
t ro
oms
with
com
mun
icat
ion
feat
ures
whe
re t
here
are
bet
wee
n 76
- 1
00 ro
oms
99
43M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
requ
ired
gues
t ro
oms
with
com
mun
icat
ion
feat
ures
whe
re t
here
are
bet
wee
n 10
1 -
150
room
s12
12
44M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
requ
ired
gues
t ro
oms
with
com
mun
icat
ion
15 +
5%
feat
ures
whe
re t
here
are
bet
wee
n of
room
s15
1 -
200
room
s14
over
150
45M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
requ
ired
gues
t ro
oms
with
com
mun
icat
ion
15 +
5%
fe
atur
es w
here
the
re a
re b
etw
een
of ro
oms
201
- 30
0 ro
oms
17ov
er 1
50
46M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
requ
ired
gues
t ro
oms
with
com
mun
icat
ion
15 +
5%
feat
ures
whe
re t
here
are
bet
wee
n of
room
s30
1 -
400
room
s20
over
150
47M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
requ
ired
gues
t ro
oms
with
com
mun
icat
ion
15 +
5%
fe
atur
es w
here
the
re a
re b
etw
een
of ro
oms
401
- 50
0 ro
oms
22ov
er 1
50
48M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
requ
ired
gues
t ro
oms
with
com
mun
icat
ion
15 +
5%
feat
ures
whe
re t
here
are
bet
wee
nof
room
s50
0 -
1000
room
s5%
of
tota
lov
er 1
50
49M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
requ
ired
gues
t ro
oms
with
com
mun
icat
ion
50 +
3 fo
r15
+ 5
%fe
atur
es w
here
the
re a
re b
etw
een
each
100
of ro
oms
1001
+ ro
oms
over
100
0ov
er 1
50
Stor
age
Area
s50
At le
ast
one
of e
ach
type
of
stor
age
mus
t be
acc
essi
ble
(inc
ludi
ng c
lose
ts, c
abin
ets,
cl
othe
s ra
ils, d
raw
ers,
she
lves
)ye
sye
sye
sye
s
LODG
ING
AND
TRAN
SIEN
T AC
COM
MOD
ATIO
NS
(fro
m p
age
107)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission108
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
51A
clot
hes
and
stor
age
clos
et s
hall
have
a c
lear
flo
or a
rea
in f
ront
of
it of
at
leas
t75
0 x
1200
800
x 13
0076
0 x
1370
800
x 13
00
52A
clot
hes
and
stor
age
clos
et s
hall
have
a c
loth
es ra
il a
max
imum
he
ight
fro
m t
he f
loor
of
1200
- 1
400
1350
1350
1200
53A
clot
hes
clos
et w
here
she
lves
are
pr
ovid
ed s
hall
have
at
leas
t th
ree
shel
ves
loca
ted
at a
hei
ght
from
th
e flo
or o
f40
0 -
1200
230
- 13
5023
0 -
1200
400
- 12
00
54Ge
nera
l sto
rage
spa
ce s
hall
have
a
door
tha
t sw
ings
out
war
dye
sye
sye
s
55Ge
nera
l sto
rage
spa
ce s
hall
be
capa
ble
of b
eing
illu
min
ated
to
a le
vel o
f at
leas
t10
0 lx
100
lx30
lx10
0 lx
Tow
el R
ack
56A
bath
room
tow
el b
ar s
hall
be
inst
alle
d ab
ove
the
floor
at
a m
axim
um h
eigh
t of
1100
1100
1100
57A
bath
room
tow
el b
ar s
hall
have
a
clea
r flo
or a
rea
in f
ront
of
a m
inim
um o
f75
0 x
1200
760
x 13
7080
0 x
1300
58A
bath
room
tow
el b
ar s
hall
be
loca
ted
with
in a
hor
izon
tal r
each
of
not
mor
e th
an50
050
050
0
Med
icin
e Ca
bine
t59
A m
edic
ine
cabi
net
shal
l hav
e a
clea
r flo
or a
rea
in f
ront
of
it (w
hich
may
incl
ude
the
knee
cl
eara
nce
at t
he la
vato
ry)
a m
inim
um o
f75
0 x
1200
760
x 13
7080
0 x
1300
60A
med
icin
e ca
bine
t sh
all b
e lo
cate
d w
ithin
a h
oriz
onta
l rea
ch
of n
ot m
ore
than
500
500
500
61A
med
icin
e ca
bine
t sh
all h
ave
a bo
ttom
she
lf lo
cate
d at
a
max
imum
abo
ve t
he f
loor
of
1000
1000
1000
Canadian human rights commission 109
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
62A
med
icin
e ca
bine
t sh
all b
e ill
umin
ated
to
a le
vel o
f at
leas
t20
0 lx
300
lx20
0 lx
200
lx
63A
med
icin
e ca
bine
t sh
all h
ave
th
e ce
ntre
line
of d
oors
and
ha
rdw
are
a m
axim
um h
eigh
t ab
ove
the
floor
of
400
- 12
0040
0 -
1200
400
- 12
00
Othe
r64
For
any
sign
age
requ
irem
ents
, se
e se
ctio
n on
SIG
NAGE
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
65Fo
r an
y pa
rkin
g re
quire
men
ts,
see
sect
ion
on P
ARKI
NGye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
66Fo
r an
y st
air
requ
irem
ents
, se
e se
ctio
n on
STA
IRS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
67Fo
r an
y ra
mp
requ
irem
ents
, se
e se
ctio
n on
RAM
PSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
68Fo
r any
acc
ess
rout
e re
quire
men
ts,
see
sect
ion
on A
CCES
S RO
UTE
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
69Fo
r an
y do
or re
quire
men
ts,
see
sect
ion
on D
OORS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
70Fo
r an
y ki
tche
n re
quire
men
ts,
see
sect
ion
on K
ITCH
ENS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
71Fo
r an
y sh
ower
requ
irem
ents
, se
e se
ctio
n on
SHO
WER
Sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
72Fo
r an
y w
ashr
oom
requ
irem
ents
, se
e se
ctio
n on
IND
IVID
UAL
WAS
HROO
MS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
73Fo
r an
y pa
ssen
ger
pick
up d
rop-
off
requ
irem
ents
, see
sec
tion
on
PASS
ENGE
R PI
CKUP
DRO
P-OF
Fye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
74Fo
r an
y el
evat
or re
quire
men
ts,
see
sect
ion
on E
LEVA
TORS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
75Fo
r an
y fir
e re
gula
tions
, se
e se
ctio
n on
FIR
E RE
GULA
TION
Sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
LODG
ING
AND
TRAN
SIEN
T AC
COM
MOD
ATIO
N (
from
pag
e 10
9)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission110
LODG
ING
AND
TRAN
SIEN
T AC
COM
MOD
ATIO
NS
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1CS
ASu
ffic
ient
sto
rage
spa
ce s
houl
d be
pro
vide
d fo
r de
vice
s su
ch a
s w
heel
chai
rs,
show
er c
hair
s, w
alke
rs,
tran
sfer
ben
ches
and
com
mod
e ch
airs
.
2CS
AFl
ip d
own
grab
bar
s m
ay b
e us
ed i
n w
ashr
oom
s.
3CS
AIf
occ
upan
ts r
equi
re a
hig
her
toile
t se
at,
seat
hei
ght
adap
tors
sho
uld
be a
vaila
ble.
4CS
ASh
elvi
ng s
houl
d no
t po
se a
pro
trus
ion
haza
rd.
5Sw
eden
If t
here
is
a re
stau
rant
ass
ocia
ted
wit
h th
e ho
tel,
lodg
ing
whi
ch h
as w
ashr
oom
s, a
t le
ast
one
was
hroo
m m
ust
be a
cces
sibl
e.
6Sw
eden
Som
e ro
oms
shou
ld b
e su
itab
le f
or p
eopl
e w
ith
alle
rgie
s an
d en
viro
nmen
tal s
ensi
tivi
ties
.
7Ir
elan
dEa
ch r
oom
to
prov
ide
a tu
rnin
g ci
rcle
wit
h a
diam
eter
of
1500
mm
.
8So
uth
Afric
aNi
ght
light
s sh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed i
n ci
rcul
atio
n ar
eas
and
in b
athr
oom
s.
9So
uth
Afric
aAn
y bu
ildin
g w
hich
is
or c
onta
ins
a re
gist
ered
clin
ic o
r he
alth
car
e ce
ntre
sha
ll be
acc
essi
ble.
10Si
ngap
ore
For
hote
ls o
r bo
ardi
ng h
ouse
s th
at a
re e
xpec
ting
to
cate
r to
a la
rge
num
ber
of p
erso
ns w
ith
disa
bilit
ies,
ow
ners
are
enc
oura
ged
to p
rovi
de m
ore
than
the
req
uire
d nu
mbe
r of
acc
essi
ble
gues
troo
ms.
11Si
ngap
ore
Prov
ide
an e
mer
genc
y al
arm
sys
tem
in
the
bath
room
and
by
the
beds
ide,
ope
rate
d by
a f
loor
leng
th p
ull c
hord
and
con
nect
ed t
o a
bell
or o
ther
sig
nal t
o th
e re
cept
ion
coun
ter
so t
hat
a gu
est
can
sum
mon
hel
p in
an
emer
genc
y.
12Si
ngap
ore
Prov
idin
g lig
ht s
wit
ches
nea
r th
e be
d is
rec
omm
ende
d.
13Si
ngap
ore
Two-
way
sw
itch
es a
re r
ecom
men
ded
so t
hat
a gu
est
does
not
hav
e to
cro
ss t
he r
oom
in
the
dark
to
turn
the
ligh
t on
or
off.
14Si
ngap
ore
Cont
rols
sho
uld
have
con
tras
ting
col
ours
.
15Au
stra
liaIn
sle
epin
g ac
com
mod
atio
ns a
nd i
n al
l roo
ms
whe
re p
eopl
e w
ith
hear
ing
impa
irm
ent
may
res
ide,
car
e sh
ould
be
take
n to
loca
te a
uxili
ary
emer
genc
y al
arm
s to
ens
ure
that
the
y w
ill b
e ef
fect
ive
whe
n w
arni
ng o
f em
erge
ncie
s. T
o be
ef
fect
ive,
vis
ual a
uxili
ary
alar
ms
shou
ld b
e lo
cate
d an
d or
ient
ed s
o th
at t
hey
will
spr
ead
sign
als
and
refle
ctio
ns t
hrou
ghou
t a
spac
e or
rai
se t
he o
vera
ll lig
ht le
vel s
harp
ly.
16Au
stra
liaDe
af p
eopl
e m
ay n
ot n
eed
acce
ssib
ility
fea
ture
s ot
her
than
the
em
erge
ncy
alar
m c
onne
ctio
ns a
nd c
omm
unic
atio
ns d
evic
es.
Ther
efor
e, s
ome
room
s sh
ould
be
equi
pped
wit
h em
erge
ncy
visu
al a
larm
s or
con
nect
ions
.
Canadian human rights commission 111
Canadian human rights commission112
MEETING, BOARD AND TRAINING ROOMSSeating should be movable and the table should not have obstructions under it to prevent someoneusing a wheelchair from wheeling under the table.
An accessible access aisle is required in all meetings rooms and training facilities, as specified bySingapore, the U.S. and Canada. Clothes closets are required to be accessible with shelves (4) andcoat rails at a maximum height of 1200 mm (3).
Illumination is addressed by Canada with 100 lux required (6) in the storage areas and a minimum of 200 lux for the meeting room space (8). Singapore, Bangladesh, South Africa and Canada all addressillumination levels for meeting rooms and training rooms.
Information on visual displays is required to be both tactile and auditory to ensure that everybodyreceives information, as specified by South Africa and Canada (10).
It is also important to consider the accessibility of AV and communication equipment to ensureit is inclusive.
A well illuminated area at the front of the room should be provided where a sign language interpreterwill stand. Separate lighting should be provided for this area so that it can remain illuminated whenthe room lighting is dimmed for an AV presentation.
Australia draws attention to the requirement for even illumination and focused lighting without shadowsto facilitate lip-reading and sign language interpretation. This is an important consideration for peoplewho are Deaf or hard of hearing.
Canadian human rights commission 113
MEE
TIN
G, B
OARD
AN
D TR
AIN
ING
ROOM
S
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Aisl
e1
The
acce
ss a
isle
wid
ths
are
a
min
imum
of
920
915
900
1060
920
Clos
ets/
Stor
age
2Cl
oset
s sh
all h
ave
a cl
ear f
loor
are
ain
fron
t of
the
m a
min
imum
of
750
x 12
0076
0 x
1220
900
x 12
0076
0 x
1370
800
x 13
00
3Cl
oset
s sh
all h
ave
a cl
othe
s ra
il at
a m
axim
um h
eigh
t fro
m t
he
floor
of
1200
- 1
400
1220
max
.13
5012
00 m
ax.
4Cl
oset
s w
here
she
lves
are
pro
vide
d sh
all h
ave
at le
ast
thre
e sh
elve
s at
a h
eigh
t fro
m t
he f
loor
of
400
- 12
0010
15 -
122
040
0 -
1200
400
- 12
00
5A
gene
ral s
tora
ge s
pace
sha
ll ha
ve a
doo
r th
at s
win
gs o
utw
ard
yes
yes
yes
6A
gene
ral s
tora
ge s
pace
sha
ll be
ca
pabl
e of
bei
ng il
lum
inat
ed t
o a
min
imum
leve
l of
100
lx30
lx10
0 lx
Coun
ter/
Tabl
e7
For
requ
irem
ents
for
wor
ksta
tions
an
d ta
bles
, kne
espa
ce, e
tc.,
see
sect
ion
in A
NTHR
OPOM
ETRI
CSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
8Th
e ill
umin
atio
n le
vel a
t w
ork
spac
es s
hall
be a
t le
ast
200
lx20
0 lx
150
lx10
0 lx
100
lx20
0 lx
Cont
rols
9Fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r op
erab
le
cont
rols,
see
sec
tion
in
ANTH
ROPO
MET
RICS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Othe
r10
Info
rmat
ion
on v
isua
l dis
play
s sh
all b
e su
pple
men
ted
by t
actil
e an
d/or
aud
itory
info
rmat
ion,
co
lour
colo
ur c
ontr
aste
d, a
nd lo
cate
d co
ntra
st a
ndon
a g
lare
-fre
e su
rface
yes
glar
e-fre
eye
sye
sye
s
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
11Fo
r in
form
atio
n on
kitc
hens
or
kitc
hene
ttes
, see
sec
tion
on K
ITCH
ENS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
12Fo
r ci
rcul
atio
n, li
ne-u
p ar
eas,
and
ac
cess
rout
e re
quire
men
ts, s
ee
sect
ion
on A
CCES
S RO
UTES
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
13Fo
r re
quire
men
ts a
t do
ors,
see
se
ctio
n on
DOO
RSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
14Fo
r an
y si
gnag
e re
quire
men
ts, s
ee
sect
ion
on S
IGNA
GEye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
15Fo
r au
dito
rium
or
thea
tre
styl
e se
atin
g re
quire
men
ts, s
ee s
ectio
n on
AUD
ITOR
IUM
Sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
16Fo
r an
y co
mm
unic
atio
n re
quire
men
ts, s
ee s
ectio
n on
COM
MUN
ICAT
ION
yes
yes
yes
yes
MEE
TIN
G, B
OARD
AN
D TR
AIN
ING
ROOM
S (f
rom
pag
e 11
3)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission114
MEE
TIN
G, B
OARD
AN
D TR
AIN
ING
ROOM
SCO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1Au
stra
liaTo
fac
ilita
te li
p-re
adin
g an
d/or
int
erpr
etin
g cl
ear,
even
illu
min
atio
n is
req
uire
d fo
r th
e fa
ces
of b
oth
the
spea
ker
and
the
inte
rpre
ter.
2Au
stra
liaDo
not
use
acc
essi
ble
mul
tipu
rpos
e ro
oms
as s
tora
ge a
reas
.
3Au
stra
liaAd
equa
te f
ocus
ed li
ghti
ng w
itho
ut e
xces
s sh
adow
s sh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed b
oth
on t
he f
ace
of t
he p
rese
nter
for
lip-
read
ing
and
on t
he i
nter
pret
er f
or s
ign
lang
uage
int
erpr
etat
ion.
4IC
TAAl
l mee
ting
roo
ms
shou
ld h
ave
indu
ctio
n lo
op o
r FM
sys
tem
s.
Canadian human rights commission 115
Canadian human rights commission116
PARKINGMost countries specify that accessible parking should be located near to the building entrance,Sweden requires it to be within 25 meters of the entrance (2) and Lebanon within 50 meters. A bestpractice is that the accessible route to the building be marked but only if the main entrance is notaccessible (3). It is important that the accessible route be safe and outside of the vehicular route.
The number of accessible parking spaces is well specified by most standards (5 - 16) with one spacein every 25 spaces and 2% for parking spaces of 500 spaces or more.
The minimum width of parking stalls (17) varies considerably from 2300 mm in Bangladesh to 3800 mmin Mexico. The Expert Panel recommends 2600 mm as a best practice. Adjacent accessible aisle widths (18)vary from 1200 - 2440 mm, with the best practice being 1500 mm. A stable, firm, slip-resistantsurface (21) and a curb ramp where there is a level change are all required. Both a vertical sign anda symbol on the pavement are required to mark all accessible parking spaces.
Some countries including Sweden, Canada and the U.S. specify that there be designated parking forvans (27).
South Africa, Singapore and Canada all advise that designated accessible parking spaces beidentified for drivers while entering a parking lot. Singapore recommends that parking be shelteredwherever possible and that the telephone number of the building management be posted on the sign so that parking violations can be reported. This last recommendation is appreciated bymany people with disabilities.
Canadian human rights commission 117
PARK
ING
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Gene
ral
1Is
the
re a
cces
sibl
e pa
rkin
g ne
ar
the
build
ing
entr
ance
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
2Ci
rcul
atio
n ro
utes
adj
acen
t to
ac
cess
ible
par
king
spa
ces
shal
l be
part
of
the
shor
test
acc
essi
ble
with
in 2
5 m
with
in 5
0 m
rout
e to
the
bui
ldin
g en
tran
ceye
sof
ent
ranc
eye
sye
sye
sof
ent
ranc
eye
sye
s
3Is
the
re a
mar
ked
acce
ssib
le ro
ute
yes
if m
ain
to b
uild
ing
rout
e is
not
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
acce
ssib
le
4Fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r gr
ound
surfa
ces
incl
udin
g le
vel c
hang
es,
grat
ings
, pro
trus
ion
haza
rds,
head
room
, and
ove
rhea
d ha
zard
s,
see
sect
ion
on A
CCES
S RO
UTES
ye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Num
ber
5Nu
mbe
r of
acc
essi
ble
park
ing
1 pe
r 25
or
1 pe
r 10
0 or
stal
ls re
quire
d fo
r 1
- 25
spa
ces
01
part
the
reof
part
the
reof
21
11
6Nu
mbe
r of
acc
essi
ble
park
ing
stal
ls re
quire
d fo
r 26
- 5
0 sp
aces
02
21
21
22
7Nu
mbe
r of
acc
essi
ble
park
ing
adeq
uate
stal
ls re
quire
d fo
r 51
- 7
5 sp
aces
whe
re 5
0 +
stal
ls1
33
1pr
ovid
ed2
23
3
8Nu
mbe
r of
acc
essi
ble
park
ing
stal
ls re
quire
d fo
r 76
- 1
00 s
pace
s1
44
12
24
4
9Nu
mbe
r of
acc
essi
ble
park
ing
1 pe
r 25
or
stal
ls re
quire
d fo
r 101
- 1
50 s
pace
s2
5pa
rt t
here
of2
22
55
10Nu
mbe
r of
acc
essi
ble
park
ing
1 pe
r 25
or
min
. 1 p
er
stal
ls re
quire
d fo
r 151
- 2
00 s
pace
spa
rt20
0 or
par
t2
6th
ereo
f2
ther
eof
23
66
11Nu
mbe
r of
acc
essi
ble
park
ing
1 pe
r 25
or
min
. 1 p
er
stal
ls re
quire
d fo
r 201
- 3
00 s
pace
spa
rt20
0 or
par
t3
7th
ereo
f3
ther
eof
24
77
12Nu
mbe
r of a
cces
sibl
e pa
rkin
g st
alls
1 pe
r 25
or
requ
ired
for 3
01 -
400
spa
ces
48
part
the
reof
43
68
8
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
13Nu
mbe
r of
acc
essi
ble
park
ing
1 pe
r 25
or
stal
ls re
quire
d fo
r 40
1 -
500
spac
es5
9pa
rt t
here
of5
412
99
14Nu
mbe
r of
acc
essi
ble
park
ing
1 pe
r 25
or
1 pe
r 10
0 or
stal
ls re
quire
d fo
r ov
er 5
00 s
pace
s1
per
100
2%pa
rt t
here
ofpa
rt t
here
of5%
2%2%
15Nu
mbe
r of
acc
essi
ble
park
ing
stal
ls re
quire
d fo
r ov
er20
+ 1
for
20 +
1 fo
r20
+ 1
for
1000
spa
ces
each
100
each
100
or
each
100
or
or p
art
of,
50%
+1
part
of,
part
of,
over
100
0fo
r ea
ch 1
00
over
100
0ov
er 1
000
16Nu
mbe
r of a
cces
sibl
e pa
rkin
g st
alls
30 +
1 fo
r30
+ 1
for
requ
ired
for
over
200
0 sp
aces
each
100
or
each
100
or
part
of,
50%
+1
part
of,
over
200
0fo
r ea
ch 1
00
over
200
0
Cars
– A
cces
sibl
e Pa
rkin
g St
alls
/Acc
ess
Aisl
es17
Min
imum
acc
essi
ble
stal
l wid
th
3600
fo
r ca
rs (
requ
ires
addi
tiona
l acc
ess
incl
udin
gai
sle)
2600
2400
2440
3800
3500
acce
ss a
isle
3500
2300
3700
3000
2500
2440
2600
18M
inim
um a
djac
ent
acce
ss
aisl
e w
idth
for
cars
sha
ll be
1500
1500
1525
1200
1200
2440
1500
19M
inim
um a
cces
sibl
e pa
ralle
l pa
rkin
g ca
r st
all w
idth
incl
udin
gac
cess
ais
le s
hall
be39
0050
0037
0036
0048
8039
00
20M
inim
um a
cces
sibl
e pa
ralle
l pa
rkin
g ca
r st
all l
engt
h in
clud
ing
stal
l len
gth
appr
opria
te
acce
ss a
isle
7000
5000
leng
th78
4070
00
21Pa
rkin
g an
d ad
jace
nt a
cces
s ai
sle
has
a fir
m, s
tabl
e, s
lip-r
esis
tant
le
vel/
flat
and
leve
l sur
face
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
surfa
ceye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
22Ac
cess
ais
le in
dica
ted
by d
iago
nal
mar
king
s w
here
pav
edye
sm
arke
dye
sye
sye
s
23Th
ere
shal
l be
a cu
rb c
ut a
nd c
urb
ram
p if
ther
e is
a le
vel c
hang
e le
adin
g fro
m t
he a
cces
s ai
sle
to
to t
he re
arth
e si
dew
alk
yes
yes
yes
yes
of t
he b
ayye
sye
sye
sye
s
24Bo
llard
s (u
sed
to s
top
cars
fro
m
infri
ngin
g on
acc
ess
aisl
es)
or
curb
s, s
hall
not
impe
de a
cces
s to
the
aisl
e or
veh
icle
yes
yes
PARK
ING
(fro
m p
age
117)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission118
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
25Ve
hicl
es w
hen
park
ed s
hall
not
impe
de a
cces
s to
the
ais
leye
sye
sye
sye
s
26Tw
o ac
cess
ible
par
king
spa
ces
yes
whe
re
may
sha
re a
com
mon
acc
ess
aisl
eai
sle
is
yes
yes
yes
1200
min
. ye
sye
s
Van
– Ac
cess
ible
Par
king
Sta
lls/A
cces
s Ai
sles
27Th
ere
shal
l be
desi
gnat
ed
van
acce
ssib
le p
arki
ng s
pace
s an
d ac
cess
ais
les
yes
yes
yes
28Th
e m
inim
um w
idth
of
van
50
00 in
cl.
park
ing
stal
l sha
ll be
2600
3350
acce
ss a
isle
2440
3350
29M
inim
um w
idth
of
van
park
ing
stal
l, w
here
nex
t to
acc
ess
aisl
e w
ith a
min
imum
wid
th o
f 24
4024
4024
4024
40
30M
inim
um le
ngth
of
a va
n pa
rkin
g st
all
5500
5500
31M
inim
um w
idth
of
adja
cent
pa
rkin
g ac
cess
ais
le fo
r
van
park
ing
2000
2440
2000
32Th
e m
inim
um d
epth
of
rear
acc
ess
aisl
e fo
r va
n pa
rkin
g sh
all b
e20
0020
00
33Th
e m
inim
um w
idth
of
rear
pa
rkin
g ac
cess
ais
le fo
r
van
park
ing
shal
l be
2600
2600
34Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
ance
hei
ght
of v
an p
arki
ng s
tall
and
alon
g th
e ve
hicl
e ac
cess
/egr
ess
rout
e sh
all b
e27
5024
9025
0024
0033
5027
50
35Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
spa
ce o
n a
side
wal
k be
side
a p
aral
lel v
an
park
ing
stal
l sha
ll be
2000
x 2
000
2440
wid
e24
40 w
ide
Sign
age/
Sym
bols
36Ea
ch a
cces
sibl
e pa
rkin
g sp
ace
shal
l be
desi
gnat
ed fo
r us
e by
pe
rson
s w
ith p
hysi
cal d
isab
ilitie
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
37M
inim
um s
ign
wid
th a
nd h
eigh
t30
0 x
450
300
x 45
030
0 x
450
Canadian human rights commission 119
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
38Ve
rtic
al p
arki
ng s
ign
shal
l in
corp
orat
e th
e In
tern
atio
nal
Sym
bol o
f Ac
cess
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
39A
vert
ical
sig
n sh
all b
e m
ount
ed
on a
wal
l or
post
in f
ront
of
the
park
ing
stal
l, at
a h
eigh
t fro
m
grou
nd t
o th
e ce
ntre
line
of15
00 -
250
015
00 m
in.
1525
1500
- 2
500
1500
- 2
500
40In
ped
estr
ian
area
s, s
igns
tha
t ar
e on
fre
e st
andi
ng s
uppo
rts
betw
een
680
- 20
30 m
m in
hei
ght,
mea
sure
d fro
m t
he f
loor
, sha
ll no
t pr
otru
de in
to t
he p
ath
of
trav
el m
ore
than
100
not
at a
ll
41An
Int
erna
tiona
l Sym
bol o
f Ac
cess
sh
all b
e pa
inte
d on
the
gro
und,
in
the
cen
tre
of t
he d
esig
nate
d ac
cess
ible
par
king
sta
llsye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
42M
inim
um le
ngth
of
Inte
rnat
iona
l Sy
mbo
l of A
cces
s on
the
pav
emen
t10
0010
0010
00
43Sy
mbo
l to
be c
olou
r co
ntra
sted
w
hite
logo
with
bac
kgro
und
pave
men
tye
son
blu
eye
s
44Fo
r tic
ketin
g an
d pa
ying
mac
hine
s in
form
atio
n on
vis
ual d
ispl
ays
shal
l be
supp
lem
ente
d by
tac
tile
and/
or a
udito
ry in
form
atio
n,
colo
ur c
ontr
aste
d an
d lo
cate
d on
a g
lare
-fre
e su
rface
yes
yes
45Fo
r ot
her
sign
age
requ
irem
ents
,se
e se
ctio
n on
SIG
NAGE
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Cont
rols
46Fo
r re
quire
men
ts o
f op
erat
ing
cont
rols
on
ticke
ting
and
payi
ng
mac
hine
s, s
ee c
ontr
ols
sect
ion
in
ANTH
ROPO
MET
RICS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Dete
ctab
le H
azar
d In
dica
tors
47A
dete
ctab
le h
azar
d in
dica
tor
shal
l be
loca
ted
at a
n un
prot
ecte
d dr
op-o
ff ed
ge w
here
the
cha
nge
a bu
bble
in
ele
vatio
n is
gre
ater
tha
n25
0ra
mp
250
PARK
ING
(fro
m p
age
119)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission120
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
48Fo
r fur
ther
requ
irem
ents
, see
se
ctio
n on
DET
ECTA
BLE
WAR
NING
S ye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
49A
dete
ctab
le h
azar
d in
dica
tor
shal
l be
loca
ted
whe
re t
he s
lope
is
ste
eper
tha
n 1:
3ye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
50Fo
r ad
ditio
nal c
urb
ram
p re
quire
men
ts, s
ee s
ectio
n on
CU
RB R
AMPS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
51A
dete
ctab
le h
azar
d in
dica
tor
shal
l be
loca
ted
at a
n en
try
into
a v
ehic
ular
rout
e or
are
a w
here
no
curb
s or
oth
er
elem
ents
sep
arat
eit
from
the
pe
dest
rian
rout
e of
tra
vel
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Canadian human rights commission 121
PARK
ING
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1CS
A, S
outh
Afr
ica,
Th
e lo
cati
on o
f de
sign
ated
par
king
spa
ces
shou
ld b
e id
enti
fied
for
driv
ers
ente
ring
a p
arki
ng lo
t or
str
uctu
re.
Whe
re t
he lo
cati
on o
f th
e de
sign
ated
par
king
spa
ces
is n
ot o
bvio
us o
r is
dis
tant
fro
m t
he a
ppro
ach
view
poin
t, d
irect
iona
l Si
ngap
ore
sign
s sh
ould
be
plac
ed a
long
the
rou
te le
adin
g to
the
m.
2CS
A, S
inga
pore
The
acce
ssib
le r
oute
sho
uld
not
requ
ire p
eopl
e to
pas
s be
hind
veh
icle
s.
3CS
ACo
lour
con
tras
ting
bol
lard
s or
cur
bs s
houl
d be
use
d to
pre
vent
par
ked
vehi
cles
fro
m p
rotr
udin
g in
to t
he a
cces
sibl
e ci
rcul
atio
n ro
ute.
4CS
ATh
e di
stan
ce b
etw
een
the
bolla
rds
or c
urbs
sho
uld
allo
w t
he p
assa
ge o
f a
whe
elch
air.
5CS
ATh
e ve
rtic
al s
ign
shou
ld b
e lo
cate
d so
tha
t it
is
visi
ble
to a
dri
ver
of a
veh
icle
app
roac
hing
the
spa
ce,
but
does
not
cre
ate
a pr
otru
sion
haz
ard.
6CS
AA
clea
r flo
or a
rea
of a
t le
ast
1200
x 1
200
mm
in
fron
t of
the
ope
rtat
ing
cont
rols
of
tick
etin
g an
d pa
ying
mac
hine
s pr
ovid
es f
or b
oth
a si
de a
nd f
ront
app
roac
h.
7CS
ACo
ntro
ls w
ith
diff
eren
t sh
apes
can
hel
p id
enti
fy d
iffe
rent
fun
ctio
ns.
8AD
AAG
A si
gn a
t a
desi
gnat
ed v
an p
arki
ng s
pace
sho
uld
be u
sed
to a
lert
van
use
rs t
o th
e pr
esen
ce o
f a
wid
er p
arki
ng a
nd a
isle
spa
ce.
(It
is i
nfor
mat
ive,
not
res
tric
tive
).
9AD
AAG
Uni
vers
al p
arki
ng s
pace
s sh
ould
be
cons
ider
ed a
s an
alt
erna
tive
to
the
prov
isio
n of
pro
vidi
ng a
per
cent
age
of s
pace
s w
ith
wid
e ai
sles
and
the
nee
d to
sup
ply
addi
tion
al s
igna
ge.
All
acce
ssib
le s
pace
s ar
e 33
50 m
m w
ide
wit
h
a 15
25 m
m a
cces
s ai
sle.
10AD
AAG
Acce
ss a
isle
s by
par
king
spa
ces
shou
ld b
e le
vel w
ith
the
park
ing
spac
e. T
he a
isle
can
not
incl
ude
a ra
mp
or s
lope
d ar
ea.
11AD
AAG
The
acce
ss a
isle
mus
t be
con
nect
ed t
o an
acc
essi
ble
rout
e to
the
nea
rest
acc
essi
ble
entr
ance
of
a bu
ildin
g or
fac
ility
.
12Si
ngap
ore
Vehi
cle
park
aut
o-pa
y m
achi
nes
shal
l be
loca
ted
on t
he s
ame
leve
l as
the
acce
ssib
le v
ehic
le p
arki
ng lo
ts.
13Si
ngap
ore
It i
s re
com
men
ded
that
a t
elep
hone
be
inst
alle
d at
the
vic
init
y of
the
acc
essi
ble
park
ing
lot
to e
nabl
e pe
rson
s w
ith
disa
bilit
ies
to c
all t
he b
uild
ing
man
agem
ent
for
assi
stan
ce.
14Si
ngap
ore
Acce
ssib
le v
ehic
le p
arki
ng lo
t sh
all b
e sh
elte
red
whe
neve
r po
ssib
le.
15Si
ngap
ore
Para
llel p
arki
ng f
or p
erso
ns w
ith
disa
bilit
ies
is d
isco
urag
ed.
16Si
ngap
ore
Vehi
cle
park
ing
entr
ance
sha
ll ha
ve a
hei
ght
clea
ranc
e of
at
leas
t 20
00 m
m.
17Si
ngap
ore
A ve
hicl
e pa
rked
in
the
desi
gnat
ed a
cces
sibl
e st
all s
hall
not
obsc
ure
the
desi
gnat
ed s
igna
ge f
or t
he p
arki
ng s
pace
.
18Si
ngap
ore
The
tele
phon
e nu
mbe
r of
the
bui
ldin
g m
anag
emen
t, t
own
coun
cil o
r th
e re
leva
nt a
utho
rity
sho
uld
be c
lear
ly p
rint
ed o
n th
e ve
rtic
al s
igna
ge f
or t
he p
urpo
se o
f re
port
ing
unau
thor
ized
par
king
.
19Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re b
olla
rds
are
erec
ted
at e
ntra
nces
to
wal
kway
s or
pat
hway
s th
ey s
hall
have
a m
inim
um c
lear
wid
th o
f 90
0 m
m b
etw
een
bolla
rds,
not
be
linke
d w
ith
a ch
ain
or r
ope,
hav
e a
max
imum
hei
ght
of 1
000
mm
, ha
ve a
col
our
whi
ch c
ontr
asts
wit
h th
e ba
ckgr
ound
or
be p
rovi
ded
wit
h a
colo
ured
ban
d ar
ound
the
nec
k of
the
bol
lard
to
furt
her
aid
visi
bilit
y, n
ot h
ave
orna
men
tal f
eatu
res
prot
rudi
ng h
oriz
onta
lly,
be w
ell l
it w
ith
fitt
ings
pos
itio
ned
in s
uch
a m
anne
r th
at w
ill n
otca
use
glar
e.
20Si
ngap
ore
Open
joi
nted
pav
ers
or a
erat
ion
conc
rete
blo
cks
shou
ld b
e av
oide
d at
ext
erna
l ope
n sp
aces
or
vehi
cle
park
s w
here
ped
estr
ians
are
exp
ecte
d to
wal
k. T
he v
oids
in
aera
tion
con
cret
e bl
ocks
can
cat
ch t
he f
oot
or w
alki
ng a
ids
and
caus
e in
jury
or
a fa
ll es
peci
ally
whe
n an
old
er p
erso
n w
ho i
s am
bula
nt m
ay a
lread
y be
uns
tabl
e.
Canadian human rights commission122
Canadian human rights commission 123
PASSENGER DROP-OFF AND PICKUP AREASA passenger drop-off area should be provided at the main entrance of facilities and should accommodateall vehicles, including buses, taxis and vans. There are a great variety of different accessible vehiclestherefore the best practice would be to provide a passenger drop-off zone (1) with a space of1500 x 6000 mm. An access aisle (2) should also be provided on the roadway parallel and adjacentto the pedestrian walkway. A curb ramp should always be provided. If there is no curb ramp (7),there should be some hazard indicator to warn of the drop-off and change in level. South Africaspecifies a bubble ramp, the Philippines specifies tactile blocks and Lebanon recommends that a texturedsurface at least 600 mm wide is required. The best practice requires that a hazard indicator such asbollards be used.
The minimum vertical clearance required at accessible loading zones (11) varies from 2000 mmspecified by Singapore to 3350 mm. The best practice selected by the Expert Panel is 2750 mm, whichis believed to accommodate most vehicles.
Signage (15) should be provided to indicate the designated drop-off area, and having the areasheltered is recommended by Singapore and Lebanon.
Sweden recommends that the pickup and drop-off area be clearly visible from the entrance. Singaporerecommends that where bollards are provided a minimum clear width of 900 mm be provided andthat the bollards contrasting in colour with their background. Singapore further recommends that taxistands be located next to the accessible entrance.
Acce
ss A
isle
1Lo
adin
g zo
ne a
cces
s ai
sle
shal
l be
a m
inim
um o
f (w
idth
x le
ngth
)15
00 x
600
015
25 x
610
015
00 x
450
070
00 x
244
015
00 x
600
0
2Ac
cess
ais
les
shal
l be
at t
he s
ame
leve
l as
the
vehi
cle
pull-
up s
pace
th
ey s
erve
yes
yes
yes
3Ac
cess
ais
les
shal
l be
mar
ked
so
as t
o di
scou
rage
par
king
in t
hem
yes
yes
yes
yes
4An
acc
ess
aisl
e sh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed
on t
he ro
adw
ay t
hat
is p
aral
lel
and
adja
cent
to
the
pede
stria
n w
alkw
ayye
sye
sye
sye
s
Curb
Ram
p5
Is a
cur
b ra
mp
loca
ted
betw
een
the
acce
ss a
isle
and
the
veh
icle
pu
ll-up
spa
ceye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
6Fo
r fur
ther
cur
b ra
mp
requ
irem
ents
,se
e th
e se
ctio
n on
CUR
B RA
MPS
ye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Haz
ard
Indi
cato
rs7
If t
here
is n
o cu
rb b
etw
een
the
vehi
cula
r ar
ea a
nd t
he p
asse
nger
90
0 w
ide
yes,
tex
ture
dye
s,pi
ckup
are
a, t
he a
rea
shal
l be
a bu
bble
300
back
surfa
cean
d us
ese
para
ted
by a
haz
ard
indi
cato
rye
sra
mp
tact
ile b
lock
sfro
m ro
adm
in. 6
00bo
llard
s
8Fo
r ad
ditio
nal a
cces
s ro
ute
requ
irem
ents
, see
the
sec
tion
on
ACC
ESS
ROUT
ES
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
9Fo
r re
quire
men
ts o
n de
tect
able
w
arni
ngs,
see
DET
ECTA
BLE
WAR
NING
sec
tion
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
10De
tect
able
haz
ard
indi
cato
rs
shal
l be
loca
ted
at a
n en
try
into
a
vehi
cula
r ro
ute
or p
arki
ng a
rea
whe
re n
o cu
rbs
or o
ther
ele
men
ts
sepa
rate
it f
rom
the
ped
estr
ian
rout
e of
tra
vel
yes
yes
yes
PASS
ENGE
R DR
OP-O
FF A
ND
PICK
UP
AREA
S
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission124
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Vert
ical
Cle
aran
ce11
Min
imum
ver
tical
cle
aran
ce h
eigh
t re
quire
d at
acc
essi
ble
pass
enge
r lo
adin
g zo
nes
and
alon
g ve
hicl
e ac
cess
rout
es27
5028
9520
0033
5027
50
Side
wal
k12
Side
wal
k sp
ace
for
side
lift
are
a sh
all b
e a
min
imum
of
(wid
th x
le
ngth
)20
00 x
200
024
40 w
ide
2000
x 2
000
13Bo
llard
s ar
e re
quire
d if
vehi
cle
rout
e is
at
the
sam
e gr
ade
as t
he
adja
cent
sid
ewal
kye
sye
s
Slop
e14
Max
imum
cro
ss s
lope
of
load
ing
zone
2%1:
481:
50le
vel
1:50
1:50
Sign
age
15Si
gnag
e sh
all i
ndic
ate
the
desi
gnat
ed u
se a
nd t
ime
limits
yes
16Fo
r si
gnag
e re
quire
men
ts a
t th
e pa
ssen
ger
drop
-off
and
pick
up
area
, see
sec
tion
on P
ARKI
NGye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Othe
r17
Pass
enge
r lo
adin
g zo
ne s
hall
whe
rebe
she
ltere
d w
ith a
can
opy
poss
ible
yes
yes
18Pa
ssen
ger
load
ing
area
sha
ll be
w
ell l
ight
edye
s
Canadian human rights commission 125
PASS
ENGE
R DR
OP-O
FF A
ND
PICK
UP
AREA
SCO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1CS
ACo
vere
d pa
ssen
ger
pick
up a
reas
are
rec
omm
ende
d.
2CS
APa
ssen
gers
usi
ng a
whe
elch
air
requ
ire a
tra
nsfe
r sp
ace
leve
l wit
h th
e ro
adw
ay.
3Sw
eden
Pass
enge
r pi
ckup
and
dro
p-of
f ar
ea s
houl
d be
clo
se t
o th
e en
tran
ce (
max
imum
25
m).
4Sw
eden
It i
s an
adv
anta
ge i
f th
e pi
ckup
and
dro
p-of
f ar
ea i
s cl
early
vis
ible
fro
m t
he e
ntra
nce,
and
tha
t yo
u ar
e ab
le t
o si
t an
d w
ait
to b
e pi
cked
up.
5So
uth
Afric
aCu
rb c
uts
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed w
here
req
uire
d in
con
junc
tion
wit
h pe
dest
rian
cros
sing
s, t
axi
and
bus
ram
ps,
and
park
ing
gara
ges.
6Si
ngap
ore
A pa
ssen
ger
alig
htin
g an
d bo
ardi
ng p
oint
sho
uld
be p
rovi
ded
at t
he le
vel o
f ap
proa
ch f
or p
erso
ns w
ith
disa
bilit
ies
to a
light
fro
m a
nd b
oard
a v
ehic
le.
7Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re t
rans
fer
has
to b
e m
ade
from
a v
ehic
ular
sur
face
to
a pe
dest
rian
surf
ace,
the
dri
vew
ay a
nd t
he p
avem
ent
or f
ootw
ay s
urfa
ces
shal
l be
blen
ded
to a
com
mon
leve
l or
ram
ped.
8Si
ngap
ore
Diff
eren
ces
in le
vel b
etw
een
the
driv
eway
and
the
pav
emen
t or
pat
hway
sha
ll be
avo
ided
.
9Si
ngap
ore
At le
ast
one
acce
ssib
le r
oute
lead
ing
to a
n ac
cess
ible
ent
ranc
e of
the
bui
ldin
g sh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed f
rom
the
alig
htin
g an
d bo
ardi
ng p
oint
of
taxi
sta
nds.
10Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re b
olla
rds
are
erec
ted
at e
ntra
nces
to
wal
kway
s or
pat
hway
s, t
hey
shal
l hav
e a
min
imum
cle
ar w
idth
of
900
mm
bet
wee
n bo
llard
s, n
ot b
e lin
ked
wit
h a
chai
n or
rop
e, h
ave
a m
axim
um h
eigh
t of
100
0 m
m,
have
a c
olou
r w
hich
co
ntra
sts
wit
h th
e ba
ckgr
ound
or
be p
rovi
ded
wit
h a
colo
ured
ban
d ar
ound
the
nec
k of
the
bol
lard
to
furt
her
aid
visi
bilit
y, n
ot h
ave
orna
men
tal f
eatu
res
prot
rudi
ng h
oriz
onta
lly,
be w
ell l
it a
nd t
he li
ght
fitt
ing
shou
ld b
e po
siti
oned
in
suc
h a
man
ner
that
will
not
cau
se g
lare
.
11Si
ngap
ore
The
Inte
rnat
iona
l Sym
bol o
f Ac
cess
sha
ll be
ins
talle
d at
or
near
tax
i st
ands
to
dire
ct p
erso
ns w
ith
disa
bilit
ies
to a
n ac
cess
ible
ent
ranc
e.
12Si
ngap
ore
Taxi
sta
nds
shou
ld b
e lo
cate
d ne
ares
t to
an
acce
ssib
le e
ntra
nce.
13Si
ngap
ore
The
taxi
pic
kup
area
sho
uld,
whe
re p
ossi
ble,
be
prov
ided
at
the
leve
l of
appr
oach
for
per
sons
wit
h di
sabi
litie
s to
acc
ess
the
vehi
cle.
14Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re a
tax
i st
and
is n
ot o
n th
e sa
me
leve
l wit
h th
e w
alkw
ay o
r pa
thw
ay,
it s
hall
have
tw
o se
para
te r
amps
for
boa
rdin
g an
d al
ight
ing.
15Si
ngap
ore
A sh
elte
r sh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed a
t ta
xi s
tand
for
pro
tect
ion
agai
nst
the
elem
ents
.
16Si
ngap
ore
Open
joi
nted
pav
ers
or a
erat
ion
conc
rete
blo
cks
shou
ld b
e av
oide
d at
ext
erna
l ope
n sp
aces
or
vehi
cle
park
s w
here
ped
estr
ians
are
exp
ecte
d to
wal
k. T
he v
oids
in
aera
tion
con
cret
e bl
ocks
can
cat
ch t
he f
oot
or w
alki
ng a
ids
and
caus
e in
jury
or
a fa
ll es
peci
ally
whe
n an
old
er p
erso
n w
ho i
s am
bula
nt m
ay a
lread
y be
uns
tabl
e.
Canadian human rights commission126
Canadian human rights commission 127
RAMPSThe running slope of ramps is addressed by all codes and standards, with the minimum acceptableslope of 1:12 (5). Some exceptions exist in Bangladesh where a slope of 1:8 is allowed along theroute from the parking and in Malaysia where 1:8 is allowed if the ramp is used by the walking disabled.The Expert Panel selected a slope of 1:16 to 1:20 as the best practice. The width of a ramp varieswidely, from 870 mm in National Building Code of Canada, measurements from 900 to 1000 mm inLebanon, Uruguay, Canada CSA, the U.S. and Australia, 1200 mm in Mexico, Philippines, Malaysia andSingapore and 1300 mm in Sweden.
The maximum horizontal distance between landings (6) varies considerably from 3000 mm with theNational Building Code of Canada to 12 000 mm in South Africa, with the Expert Panel selecting 6000 mm as a best practice. There is general agreement that the cross slope should not exceed a ratio of 1:50 (4), except in the Philippines who specify a ratio of 1:100.
A level landing at the top and bottom of the ramp (11) is required by most countries, as well as a level landing where the ramp changes direction. The length of the landing (14) varies from 1200 mm to 2000 mm, with 2000 mm being judged to accommodate the widest range of users. If the landing has a door opening onto it (15), it is important to provide adequatemanoeuvring space with most countries specifying 1500 x 1500 mm. However, the AFG Guideline recommends 2440 x 2440 mm, to accommodate power wheelchairs and scooters.
A colour contrasted strip (17) at the top and bottom of a ramp and wherever there is a change inslope is specified by Canada, Uruguay, Sweden and Lebanon, a requirement that increases the safety forall users. Most countries specify that the ramp be stable, firm and slip-resistance (18), an importantconsideration.
Edge protection (22) is required on ramps or landings that are not at grade by most codes and standards,with the edge ranging in height from 75 - 100 mm with 40 - 75 mm preferred. The bottom edge of arail above a ramp should have a maximum height of 75 mm (25).
Ramps should be well illuminated, mentioned by South Africa, Australia and Canada (26).
A good universal design approach recommended by Singapore, Sweden and the CSA is to allowfor a choice of both stairs and ramps. The CSA discourages designers from using curved ramps asthey are more difficult for wheelchair manoeuvring. South Africa’s comment of adding indicators to the underside of handrails to assist in wayfinding for blind people is innovative.
Slop
e1
A sl
ope
stee
per
than
1:2
0 on
a
acce
ssib
le ro
ute
is c
onsi
dere
d to
st
eepe
rbe
a ra
mp
yes
than
1:2
5ye
s
2M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th o
f a
ram
p12
00
low
tra
ffic,
13
00 in
door
,15
0092
0 -
1000
870
915
1200
900
1500
out
door
1000
high
tra
ffic
1100
1200
1200
1200
1000
900
950
- 10
0010
00
3M
inim
um c
lear
wid
th o
f a
ram
p –
betw
een
hand
rails
920
870
915
1500
out
door
1000
1100
1000
950
- 10
0010
00
4Th
e di
stan
ce b
etw
een
at le
ast
one
set
of h
andr
ails
on
a w
ider
ra
mp
shal
l be
920
- 10
0012
0012
0010
0015
0010
0010
00
5Th
e ru
nnin
g sl
ope
betw
een
1:12
if ra
mp
1:12
if r
ise
land
ings
on
a ra
mp
shal
l be
less
tha
ngr
eate
r th
an1:
12
1:10
for
rise
4500
, 40
0,
(1:8
if50
- 2
00,
1:20
if1:
10 if
1:8
used
by
1:12
1:
12 in
terio
r,gr
eate
r th
anris
e le
ss t
han
(if
from
wal
king
for
rise
1:12
- 1
:20
1:12
1:12
1:12
- 1
:16
1:10
- 1
:16
1:20
out
door
4500
1:10
- 1
:16
400
park
ing
area
)1:
12di
sabl
ed)
200
+1:
14 -
1:2
01:
12 -
1:2
01:
201:
16 -
1:2
0
6Th
e m
axim
um h
oriz
onta
l dis
tanc
e be
twee
n la
ndin
gs o
n a
ram
p 60
0 if
1:12
,90
00 if
1:1
4,sh
all b
e90
0030
0090
0060
0015
000
10 0
00 if
1:2
090
0090
0012
000
6000
6000
9000
15 0
00 if
1:2
010
000
9000
6000
7M
axim
um c
ross
slo
pe o
f a
ram
p to
be
1:50
1:48
1:50
1:50
1:50
1:50
1:40
1:10
01:
401:
501:
50
8Le
vel l
andi
ngs
on a
ram
p sh
all
slop
ed t
o ye
s,be
des
igne
d to
dra
in w
ater
fro
m
with
1:4
0en
able
if st
eepe
rth
eir
surfa
ceye
sye
sye
sye
sye
scr
oss
slop
edr
aina
geth
an 1
:25
yes
Han
drai
ls9
For
requ
irem
ents
for
hand
rails
, se
e se
ctio
n on
HAN
DRAI
LSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Guar
drai
ls10
Whe
re g
uard
rails
are
inst
alle
d an
d w
here
the
top
is h
ighe
r th
an
920
mm
, han
drai
ls a
t th
e re
quire
d he
ight
sha
ll al
so b
e pr
ovid
edye
sye
sye
sye
s
RAM
PS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission128
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Land
ings
11Th
ere
is a
leve
l lan
ding
at
top
leve
l lan
ding
an
d bo
ttom
of
each
run
of
a ra
mp
ever
y 15
00 o
fye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sve
rtic
al r
ise
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
12A
leve
l lan
ding
is re
quire
d w
here
a
ram
p ch
ange
s di
rect
ion
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
13M
inim
um la
ndin
g w
idth
sha
ll be
as
wid
e as
the
ram
p ru
n le
adin
g to
itye
sye
sye
s10
00 m
in.
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
1500
14Th
e m
inim
um re
quire
d la
ndin
g 18
00 t
op/
leng
th13
00 c
lear
of
bott
om,
1500
1500
1525
2000
door
sw
ing
1500
1200
min
.15
00 m
idw
ay15
0012
0012
0015
2520
00
15M
inim
um la
ndin
g si
ze if
ser
ved
2000
x 1
500
2000
x 1
500
by d
oor
serv
ing
an a
cces
sibl
e pu
ll si
de O
Rpu
ll si
de O
R ro
ute
(leng
th x
wid
th)
1500
x 1
500
1500
x 1
500
1500
x 1
500
1500
x 1
500
1525
x 1
525
1500
x 1
500
push
sid
e15
00 x
150
015
00 x
150
015
10 x
175
012
00 x
150
024
40 x
244
0pu
sh s
ide
16W
here
an
inte
rmed
iate
land
ing
mee
ts a
slo
pe c
hang
e th
ere
shal
l be
a c
olou
r co
ntra
sted
str
ip a
s w
ide
as t
he ra
mp
with
a d
epth
of
50 ±
1050
±10
17At
the
top
and
bot
tom
of
a ra
mp
whe
re a
slo
pe c
hang
e oc
curs
, th
ere
shal
l be
a co
lour
con
tras
ted
safe
for
strip
as
wid
e as
the
ram
p, w
ith
the
visu
ally
a de
pth
of50
±10
600
- 90
0im
paire
d60
50 ±
10
18Ra
mp
and
land
ing
surfa
ces
shal
l if
stee
per
yes,
and
be
sta
ble,
firm
, and
slip
-res
ista
ntye
sye
sye
sye
sye
ssl
ip-r
esis
tant
than
1:1
0ye
ssl
ip-r
esis
tant
yes
avoi
d ca
rpet
yes
yes
19Ra
mp
and
land
ing
surfa
ces
shal
l pr
oduc
e m
inim
al g
lare
yes
yes
yes
20Ra
mp
and
land
ing
surfa
ces
shal
l no
t be
hea
vily
pat
tern
edye
sye
sye
s
Door
Lat
ch S
pace
21W
here
a d
oor
lead
s on
to a
ram
p 60
0 60
0 60
0 la
ndin
g, t
here
sha
ll be
spa
ce
pull
side
,pu
ll sid
e,pu
ll sid
e,
besi
de t
he la
tch
side
of
the
door
30
0 30
030
0 of
at
leas
t60
061
070
0 -
1000
380
push
sid
e84
0pu
shsid
epu
sh s
ide
Edge
Pro
tect
ion
22Ed
ge p
rote
ctio
n is
requ
ired
at
ram
ps o
r la
ndin
gs n
ot a
t gr
ade
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Canadian human rights commission 129
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
23Th
e m
inim
um h
eigh
t of
the
edg
e no
edg
epr
otec
tion
shal
l be
75pr
otec
tion
100
5050
4075
100
7510
010
075
6540
050
75
24Th
e lo
wer
edg
e of
a ra
ised
bar
rier
abov
e th
e ra
mp
or la
ndin
g su
rface
no
rais
edsh
all h
ave
a m
axim
um h
eigh
t of
75ba
rrier
100
7575
7575
5075
25Th
e bo
ttom
edg
e of
a ra
il ab
ove
the
ram
p or
land
ing
surfa
ce s
hall
have
a m
axim
um h
eigh
t of
7510
075
7515
050
75
Illu
min
atio
n26
Ram
ps s
hall
be w
ell i
llum
inat
edsa
fe fo
rth
e vi
sual
lyye
sim
paire
dye
sye
sye
s
27Ex
terio
r ram
ps s
hall
be il
lum
inat
ed15
0 lx
150
lx
at g
roun
d le
vel t
o at
leas
t10
0 lx
(all
ram
ps)
(all
ram
ps)
30 -
100
lx15
0 lx
Sign
age
28Fo
r re
quire
men
ts o
n si
gnag
e,
see
sect
ion
on S
IGNA
GEye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
RAM
PS (
from
pag
e 12
9)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission130
RAM
PSCO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1CS
ATh
e m
ore
grad
ual t
he s
lope
of
a ra
mp,
the
mor
e ea
sily
peo
ple
can
use
it w
itho
ut a
ssis
tanc
e. S
lope
s w
ith
a gr
ade
of 1
:20
- 1:
15 a
re p
refe
rred
.
2CS
A, S
inga
pore
, Sw
eden
Man
y pe
ople
fin
d us
ing
step
s ea
sier
and
saf
er t
han
usin
g a
ram
p, t
here
fore
bot
h st
airs
and
a r
amp
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed i
n an
y on
e lo
cati
on.
3CS
AUs
ing
curv
ed r
amps
as
a de
sign
sol
utio
n is
dis
cour
aged
.
4CS
A, S
inga
pore
Whe
re r
amps
are
req
uire
d to
ove
rcom
e a
maj
or c
hang
e in
leve
l, th
ey h
ave
to b
e ve
ry lo
ng,
and
requ
ire m
ulti
ple
ram
ps a
nd la
ndin
gs,
othe
r de
sign
sol
utio
ns s
houl
d be
con
side
red.
5CS
AAd
vers
e w
eath
er c
ondi
tion
s ca
n ca
use
slip
pery
con
diti
ons
on e
xter
ior
ram
ps.
To a
void
thi
s si
tuat
ion
seve
ral o
ptio
ns a
re p
ossi
ble:
a p
orou
s m
ater
ial m
ay b
e us
ed t
o le
ssen
the
bui
ld-u
p of
sno
w o
r ic
e; t
he r
amp
surf
ace
may
be
heat
ed;
or t
he r
amp
may
be
cove
red.
6CS
AAn
edg
e pr
otec
tion
tha
t is
ope
n at
the
sur
face
leve
l fac
ilita
tes
snow
rem
oval
and
less
ens
wat
er a
ccum
ulat
ion.
7CS
ALi
ghti
ng s
houl
d be
use
d to
em
phas
ize
impo
rtan
t fe
atur
es s
uch
as e
xter
ior
ram
ps.
8AD
AAG
Ram
ps t
hat
do n
ot h
ave
leve
l lan
ding
s at
cha
nges
in
dire
ctio
n ca
n cr
eate
a m
ulti
-slo
ped
surf
ace
whi
ch w
ill n
ot m
eet
the
requ
irem
ents
to
be p
art
of a
n ac
cess
ible
rou
te.
9AD
AAG
A le
vel l
andi
ng i
s ne
eded
at
door
s to
per
mit
man
oeuv
ring
and
sim
ulta
neou
s do
or o
pera
tion
.
10AD
AAG
Land
ings
sub
ject
to
wet
con
diti
ons
shal
l be
desi
gned
to
prev
ent
the
accu
mul
atio
n of
wat
er.
11So
uth
Afric
aW
indo
ws
and
door
s sh
all n
ot o
pen
acro
ss a
wal
kway
, co
rrid
or,
stai
r or
ram
p so
tha
t th
ey o
bstr
uct
circ
ulat
ion.
12So
uth
Afric
aTh
e fi
of
indi
cato
rs t
o th
e un
ders
ide
of h
andr
ails
to
indi
cate
the
pos
itio
n of
land
ings
is
advo
cate
d as
an
aid
in b
uild
ing
desi
gn f
or u
se o
f bl
ind
peop
le.
13Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re t
he h
oriz
onta
l run
of
an a
ppro
ach
ram
p ex
ceed
s 90
00 m
m i
n le
ngth
, an
alt
erna
tive
ste
pped
app
roac
h in
add
itio
n to
the
ram
p m
ay b
e pr
ovid
ed f
or t
he a
mbu
lant
dis
able
d an
d sh
all n
ot e
xcee
d 12
00 m
m i
n a
hori
zont
al r
un.
Canadian human rights commission 131
Canadian human rights commission132
SECURITYSecurity controls can impose a barrier to the participation of people with disabilities. Careful designshould eliminate these obstacles.
Canada requires that security access systems be located along accessible routes (1) and provideequitable alternative means (2) to allow people with disabilities through security systems. Sweden,the U.S. and Canada all provide a minimum clear width (4) for security gates, whereas the ExpertPanel recommends 950 mm.
Card access systems should be designed and installed so they are at an appropriate height (6), arecontrasted (8) with tactile graphic symbols. The combination of both audible and visual signals (11)will facilitate use by everyone.
Keypads should also comply with accessibility criteria and not be located above a maximum height of 1060 mm, should be colour contrasted and should have a raised dot on the No. 5, which helps orientpeople, especially people with visual impairments. These comments and requirements have beendetailed by the Canadian CSA Standard.
Sweden draws attention to the fact that security access systems should be coordinated with thedoor opener and that keypads are more legible if the keys are at 45˚ angle.
Canadian human rights commission 133
SECU
RITY
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Gene
ral
1Se
curit
y ac
cess
sys
tem
s sh
all b
e lo
cate
d al
ong
the
acce
ssib
le ro
ute
yes
yes
yes
2Se
curit
y ac
cess
sys
tem
s sh
all
prov
ide
equi
tabl
e al
tern
ativ
e m
eans
to
allo
w p
erso
ns w
ith
disa
bilit
ies
thro
ugh
the
secu
rity
syst
emye
sye
sye
s
3Se
curit
y ga
tes
or s
cree
ns w
here
qu
eue
syst
ems
are
used
sha
ll ha
ve b
oth
audi
ble
(bee
p) a
nd
visu
al (
light
) sig
nals
to in
dica
te
“pro
ceed
” an
d “s
top”
inst
ruct
ions
yes
yes
4Se
curit
y ga
tes
or s
cree
ns w
here
tu
rnst
iles
are
used
sha
ll ha
ve a
n ad
jace
nt g
ate
with
a c
lear
wid
th
800
inte
rior,
a m
inim
um o
f81
081
590
0 ex
terio
r95
095
0
Cont
rols
5Se
curit
y ac
cess
sys
tem
s sh
all h
ave
the
cent
relin
e of
the
ope
ratin
g w
ithin
co
ntro
ls lo
cate
d at
a h
eigh
t ab
ove
reac
h fo
rth
e flo
or o
fst
andi
ng a
nd40
0 -
1200
380
- 12
20si
ttin
g us
ers
400
- 12
0080
0 -
1200
Card
Acc
ess
6Ca
rd a
cces
s sh
all h
ave
an a
cces
s slo
t lo
cate
d at
a h
eigh
t ab
ove
the
floor
of
800
- 90
010
60 m
ax.
800
- 90
0
7Ca
rd a
cces
s sh
all h
ave
an a
cces
s sl
ot w
ith it
s ed
ges
beve
lled
yes
yes
8Ca
rd a
cces
s sh
all h
ave
an a
cces
s slo
t th
at is
col
our c
ontra
sted
with
its
sur
roun
ding
sur
face
yes
yes
9Ca
rd a
cces
s sh
all h
ave
an
acce
ss s
lot
that
incl
udes
ta
ctile
gra
phic
sym
bols
on
the
surro
undi
ng s
urfa
ceye
sye
sye
s
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
10Ca
rd a
cces
s sh
all h
ave
an a
cces
s sl
ot t
hat
incl
udes
tac
tile
grap
hic
sym
bols
on
the
surro
undi
ng
surfa
ce t
hat
repr
esen
t th
e ca
rd
and
iden
tify
the
orie
ntat
ion
of t
he c
ard
inse
rtio
nye
sye
sye
s
11Ca
rd a
cces
s sh
all h
ave
both
au
dibl
e (b
eep)
and
vis
ual (
light
) si
gnal
s to
indi
cate
tha
t ac
cess
ha
s be
en g
rant
edye
sye
s
Keyp
ads
12Ke
ypad
s sh
all b
e lo
cate
d at
a
with
hei
ght
from
the
flo
or o
f80
0 -
1200
1060
max
. 80
0 -
1060
13Ke
ypad
s sh
all b
e co
lour
con
trast
edlu
min
ance
with
the
bac
kgro
und
yes
cont
rast
yes
yes
14Ke
ypad
s sh
all h
ave
char
acte
rs
that
are
col
our
cont
rast
ed w
ith
the
keys
yes
yes
yes
15Ke
ypad
s sh
all,
if nu
mer
ic, b
e te
leph
one
type
and
hav
e a
rais
ed
dot
on t
he n
umbe
r 5
yes
yes
yes
16Th
e ke
ypad
s sh
all h
ave
a ra
ised
do
t on
the
num
ber
5 w
ith a
he
ight
of
0.7
(±0.
1)0.
7 (±
0.1)
17Th
e ke
ypad
s sh
all h
ave
a ra
ised
do
t on
the
num
ber
5 w
ith a
bas
e in
dia
met
er o
f1.
51.
5
18Ke
ypad
s sh
all h
ave
both
aud
ible
(b
eep)
and
vis
ual (
light
) si
gnal
s to
iden
tify
that
acc
ess
has
been
gr
ante
dye
sye
s
SECU
RITY
(fr
om p
age
133)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission134
SECU
RITY
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1CS
ASe
curi
ty a
cces
s sy
stem
s sh
ould
be
usea
ble
by e
very
one.
Pro
xim
ity
or c
onta
ctle
ss s
cann
ers
may
fac
ilita
te t
his.
Bio
met
ric s
yste
ms
(e.g
. re
tina
l or
palm
sca
nner
s) c
anno
t ac
com
mod
ate
all u
sers
.
2CS
ATh
e ke
ys o
n a
keyp
ad s
houl
d be
rea
dabl
e bo
th f
rom
a s
tand
ing
and
a se
ated
pos
itio
n.
3Sw
eden
Secu
rity
acc
ess
syst
em s
houl
d be
pla
ced
so t
hat
the
cont
rol d
evic
es a
re n
ot t
oo c
lose
to
an i
nter
ior
corn
er o
r ot
her
barr
iers
. Re
com
men
ded
dist
ance
fro
m a
cor
ner
or b
arrie
r is
700
mm
.
4Sw
eden
If t
he s
ecur
ity
acce
ss s
yste
m i
s co
nnec
ted
to a
doo
r op
ener
, th
e co
ntro
l dev
ice
shou
ld n
ot b
e to
o cl
ose
to t
he s
win
g ar
c of
the
ope
ning
doo
r. Re
com
men
ded
dist
ance
fro
m t
he a
rc i
s 70
0 -
1000
mm
.
5Sw
eden
The
keys
on
a ke
ypad
are
mor
e re
adab
le i
f th
e ke
ys a
re a
t a
45˚
angl
e ou
t fr
om t
he w
all.
6Sw
eden
Cont
rols
sho
uld
be p
lace
d w
ith
cons
ider
atio
n to
whe
elch
air
user
s w
ith
impa
ired
arm
fun
ctio
n. R
ecom
men
ded
heig
ht f
or c
ontr
ols
is 8
00 -
100
0 m
m.
Canadian human rights commission 135
Canadian human rights commission136
SHOWERSA universal design approach is the provision of roll-in showers that accommodate both people whouse a shower seat and those who prefer to use a shower chair. The minimum clear floor space (3)varies from 760 x 1525 mm in the U.S. to 1400 x 1600 mm in Australia and to 1500 x 1500 mm inLebanon. The size of the shower depends on whether it is designed to accommodate a single personor someone who will have an attendant.
A minimal curb or rise (4) is recommended by Sweden for the roll-in shower and if there is a curbprovided in a regular shower, it should not exceed more than 10 mm (8) and it should be beveled ata slope of 1:2. Positive drainage should be considered to facilitate drainage.
There seems to be some difference in opinion regarding the location of the shower seat; Canada, theU.S. and Lebanon specify it on the wall opposite the controls, while Singapore and Australia specifythe adjacent wall (15). The Expert Panel agreed with the later recommendation, and recommends itbe within reach of the seat, on the adjacent wall as it ensures that the controls are within reachfor someone sitting on the shower seat regardless of the size of the shower stall. Singaporespecifies (19) a non-slip seat that is self-draining.
The number of grab bars (28) varies from 4 for the CSA to 1 or 2 in Mexico, Uruguay and Australia. A vertical grab bar mounted on the side wall (32) provides support to those entering and exiting the shower, specified by Singapore and Canada. A uniform height for the grab bars is within the 750 - 850 mm range.
Hand-held shower heads are recommended (47), with a minimum length of 1500 mm.
A comment from the Lebanon UN Manual recommends that drain openings be placed in a corner ofthe stall so that slip-resistant rubber mats can be used. Singapore recommends a colour contrastingcurb and, as in other areas of a facility, the use of plain colours with a matte finish to reduce glareand to diffuse light around the room.
Care should be taken to provide a slip-resistant surface, even when wet. A heat lamp is a gooddesign feature and preset temperature controls will prevent water becoming too hot and causingan injury to people who are unable to feel the temperature of the water.
Canadian human rights commission 137
SHOW
ERS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Show
er E
ntra
nce
1In
eac
h sh
ower
room
the
num
ber
at le
ast
of a
cces
sibl
e sh
ower
sta
lls s
hall
1 pe
rbe
at
leas
t1
yes
yes
show
er a
rea
2Do
ors
or c
urta
ins
for
show
ers
shal
l no
t ob
stru
ct t
he c
ontr
ols
or t
he
tran
sfer
spa
ceye
sye
sye
sye
s
3M
inim
um c
lear
flo
or s
pace
in f
ront
of
a ro
ll-in
sho
wer
with
long
sid
e pa
ralle
l to
the
entr
ance
sha
ll be
900
x 12
0090
0 x
1500
760
x 15
2590
0 x
1400
1400
x 1
600
1500
x 1
500
920
x 15
2592
0 x
1525
4Cu
rb h
eigh
t or
thr
esho
ld fo
r rol
l-in
none
ifsh
ower
sta
ll sh
all n
ot e
xcee
d13
1313
poss
ible
1013
10
5Cu
rb h
eigh
t or
thr
esho
ld fo
r ro
ll-in
sh
ower
sta
ll sh
all b
e be
velle
d to
a
slop
e no
ste
eper
tha
n th
e ra
tio
of 1
:2 (
50%
) fo
r he
ight
s be
twee
n7
- 13
6.5
- 13
up t
o 10
0 -
136.
5 -
10
6A
show
er s
tall
with
a c
urb
shal
l ha
ve a
cle
ar f
loor
are
a in
fro
nt
of t
he s
how
er e
ntra
nce
(dep
th X
w
idth
) of
at
leas
t90
0 x
1200
1220
x 9
1514
00 x
900
1500
x 1
500
920
x 15
2592
0 x
1525
7A
show
er s
tall
with
a c
urb
shal
l ha
ve a
cle
ar f
loor
are
a in
fro
nt
of t
he s
how
er e
ntra
nce
with
the
lo
ng d
imen
sion
par
alle
l to
the
show
er e
ntra
nce
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
8A
curb
in a
sho
wer
sta
ll 10
bev
elle
d10
bev
elle
d sh
all n
ot b
e hi
gher
tha
nat
a s
lope
at a
slo
pe
100
of 1
:2no
cur
b20
of 1
:2
9A
curb
in a
sho
wer
sta
ll sh
all
have
a w
idth
of
less
tha
n10
0no
cur
b50
Show
er I
nter
ior
10A
roll-
in s
how
er s
hall
have
m
inim
um in
terio
r cl
ear
area
di
men
sion
s of
at
leas
t75
0 x
1500
900
x 15
0076
0 x
1525
900
x 90
080
0 x
1200
2200
x 2
200
1500
x 1
500
1100
x 1
160
900
x 15
0092
0 x
1525
1500
x 1
500
11Sh
ower
flo
or s
hall
be
slip
-res
ista
nt w
hen
wet
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
12Th
e sh
ower
flo
or s
hall
have
a
min
imal
slo
pe t
o pr
ovid
e po
sitiv
e dr
aina
geye
sye
sye
s1:
70 -
1:8
0ye
s
13A
show
er s
tall
with
a c
urb
sh
all h
ave
an in
terio
r cl
ear
area
at
leas
t at
leas
t (w
idth
x le
ngth
) of
at
leas
t10
00 in
fro
nt10
00 in
fro
nt90
0 x
900
915
x 91
590
0 x
900
800
x 12
00of
sea
t90
0 x
900
of s
eat
x 91
5
Show
er S
eat
14A
show
er s
tall
shal
l be
prov
ided
se
at w
ithw
ith a
sea
tor
with
out
yes
yes
yes
a cu
rbye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
15A
show
er s
tall
shal
l hav
e a
seat
on
wal
l on
the
wal
l opp
osite
the
con
trol
sne
ares
tse
at w
ith
cont
rols
no, o
n or
with
out
acro
ss f
rom
adja
cent
adja
cent
yes
yes
a cu
rbop
enin
gw
all
yes
wal
l
16A
show
er s
tall
with
a c
urb
shal
l 90
0 m
in.
have
a s
eat
exte
ndin
g th
e fu
ll ro
ll-in
sho
wer
w
idth
of
the
stal
l, le
ss t
he s
pace
an
d 60
0 in
allo
wed
for
the
show
er c
urta
inin
divi
dual
with
in 7
5 of
was
hroo
mw
ithin
sh
ower
with
a10
0 of
sta
llye
sst
all e
ntry
show
eren
try
yes
yes
17A
show
er s
tall
shal
l hav
e a
seat
40
0 w
ith
with
a d
epth
of
at le
ast
or w
ithou
t
400
450
380
- 40
5a
curb
40
039
0 -
400
450
450
18A
show
er s
tall
shal
l hav
e a
seat
w
ith a
hei
ght
off
the
floor
of
betw
een
430
- 48
045
043
0 -
485
450
- 48
047
0 -
480
450
- 50
045
0 -
480
19A
show
er s
tall
shal
l hav
e a
seat
w
ith a
sm
ooth
non
-slip
sur
face
yes
and
beye
s an
d be
w
ithou
t ro
ugh
edge
sye
sye
sye
sse
lf-dr
aini
ngse
lf-dr
aini
ng
Cont
rols
20Th
e ro
ll-in
sho
wer
con
trol
s sh
all
be m
ount
ed o
n lo
ng (
back
) w
all
abov
e th
e gr
ab b
arye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
21M
axim
um m
ount
ing
heig
ht a
bove
th
e flo
or fo
r sh
ower
con
trol
s sh
all b
e12
0096
5 -1
220
900
- 12
0012
0090
0 -
1100
1200
1200
1200
SHOW
ERS
(fro
m p
age
137)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission138
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
22Co
ntro
ls sh
all n
ot b
e sp
ring
load
edye
sye
sye
sye
s
23Co
ntro
ls s
hall
have
leve
r ha
ndle
s w
ith a
leng
th f
rom
the
cen
tre
of ro
tatio
n to
the
han
dle
tip o
f at
leas
t75
yes
yes
75
24Th
e co
ntro
ls in
a s
how
er s
tall
shal
l be
mou
nted
with
in re
ach
of t
he s
eat
yes
yes
yes
yes
25Th
e co
ntro
ls, fa
ucet
s an
d sh
ower
ye
s, o
ppos
itew
ithin
reac
hsp
ray
unit
shal
l be
inst
alle
d on
th
e se
at a
ndof
the
sea
t,th
e sid
e w
all
yes,
opp
osite
965
- 12
20on
adj
acen
ton
the
the
seat
from
the
floo
ron
rear
wal
lye
sw
all
adja
cent
wal
l
26Th
e co
ntro
ls in
a s
how
er s
tall
with
a c
urb
shal
l be
acce
ssib
le
from
out
side
the
sta
llye
sye
sye
sye
s
Grab
Bar
s27
For
grab
bar
requ
irem
ents
, see
se
ctio
n in
WAS
HROO
Mye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
28Th
e nu
mbe
r of
gra
b ba
rs in
a
“L”
shap
ed
show
er s
hall
beor
2 b
ars
in2
(3 w
here
an “
L” (
750
ther
e is
vert
ical
x 9
004
no s
eat)
12
horiz
onta
l)1
- 2
12
4
29In
a ro
ll-in
sho
wer
the
re s
hall
be
one
horiz
onta
l gra
b ba
r m
ount
ed
on a
sid
e w
all
yes
yes
yes
yes
30Th
e si
de h
oriz
onta
l gra
b ba
r sh
all
have
a le
ngth
of
at le
ast
600
900
600
900
31Th
e si
de w
all h
oriz
onta
l gra
b ba
r m
ount
ed a
bove
the
flo
or a
t a
heig
ht o
f75
0 -
850
850
840
- 91
570
0 -
800
800
- 81
085
0 -
950
750
- 85
0
32Th
e ve
rtic
al g
rab
bar
mou
nted
on
a si
de w
all (
besi
de t
he s
how
er
entr
ance
) sh
all h
ave
a m
inim
um
leng
th o
f10
0090
075
075
010
00
Canadian human rights commission 139
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
33Th
e si
de w
all v
ertic
al g
rab
bar
(mou
nted
bes
ide
the
show
er
entr
ance
) sh
all
have
its
low
er
end
abov
e th
e flo
or a
hei
ght
of60
0 -
650
700
- 80
070
0 -
800
700
- 80
0
34Th
e ve
rtic
al g
rab
bar
mou
nted
on
a si
de w
all l
ocat
ed b
ack
from
the
ou
tsid
e ed
ge o
f th
e sh
ower
be
twee
n50
- 8
080
- 1
2050
- 8
0
35In
a ro
ll-in
sho
wer
one
hor
izon
tal
grab
bar
sha
ll be
mou
nted
on
the
back
wal
l and
hav
e a
min
imum
le
ngth
of
1000
1225
yes
cont
inuo
us92
0co
ntin
uous
36In
a ro
ll-in
sho
wer
the
hor
izon
tal
grab
bar
mou
nted
on
the
back
w
all s
hall
be m
ount
ed a
bove
the
floor
at
a he
ight
of
750
- 85
084
0 -
915
800
700
- 80
070
0 -
800
800
- 81
085
0 -
950
850
750
- 85
0
37In
a ro
ll-in
sho
wer
one
ver
tical
gr
ab b
ar s
hall
be m
ount
ed o
n th
e ba
ck w
all a
nd s
hall
have
a
min
imum
leng
th o
f75
060
075
0
38Th
e di
stan
ce b
etw
een
the
bott
om
of t
he v
ertic
al g
rab
bar
and
the
top
of t
he h
oriz
onta
l gra
b ba
r sh
all b
e be
twee
n50
- 6
050
- 6
050
- 6
0
39Th
e ve
rtic
al g
rab
bar
on t
he b
ack
wal
l sha
ll be
mou
nted
aw
ay f
rom
th
e si
de w
all b
etw
een
400
- 50
040
0 -
500
40A
show
er s
tall
with
a c
urb
shal
l ha
ve o
ne h
oriz
onta
l gra
b ba
r on
th
e ba
ck w
all
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
41Th
e ho
rizon
tal g
rab
bar
on t
he
back
wal
l of
a sh
ower
sha
ll be
lo
cate
d ab
ove
the
show
er f
loor
at a
hei
ght
of75
0 -
850
840
- 91
580
070
0 -
750
700
- 80
080
0 -
810
850
- 95
085
075
0 -
850
42Th
e ho
rizon
tal g
rab
bar
on t
he
back
wal
l of
a sh
ower
sha
ll ha
ve
a m
inim
um le
ngth
of
750
615
600
cont
inuo
usco
ntin
uous
SHOW
ERS
(fro
m p
age
139)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission140
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
43A
show
er s
tall
with
a c
urb
shal
l ha
ve o
ne v
ertic
al g
rab
bar
on t
he
sam
e w
all a
s th
e co
ntro
ls, a
t a
dist
ance
fro
m t
he o
utsi
de w
all o
f80
- 1
2080
- 1
20
44Th
e ve
rtic
al g
rab
bar
on t
he s
ame
wal
l as
the
cont
rols
sha
ll ha
ve it
s lo
wer
end
loca
ted
abov
e th
e flo
orat
a h
eigh
t of
600
- 65
060
0 -
650
45Th
e ve
rtic
al g
rab
bar
on t
he s
ame
wal
l as
the
cont
rols
sha
ll ha
ve a
m
inim
um le
ngth
of
1000
1000
Show
er H
ead
46Sh
ower
hea
d to
be
of
hand
-hel
dha
nd-h
eld
type
yes
or f
ixed
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
47Le
ngth
of
show
er h
ead
hose
to
be a
min
imum
of
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1525
1500
48Sh
ower
hea
d al
low
ed t
o be
use
d in
a f
ixed
pos
ition
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
49M
ount
sho
wer
hea
ds t
o be
ad
just
able
upw
ards
fro
m a
he
ight
abo
ve t
he f
loor
of
1200
1000
1000
yes
1000
50Th
e ve
rtic
al b
ar o
n w
hich
the
sh
ower
hea
d is
mou
nted
sha
ll be
ins
talle
d so
as
not
to
obst
ruct
the
use
of
grab
bar
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Wat
er T
empe
ratu
re51
For
requ
irem
ents
, see
info
rmat
ion
on W
ater
Tem
pera
ture
in s
ectio
n on
WAS
HROO
MS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Canadian human rights commission 141
SHOW
ERS
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1CS
ATh
e sh
ower
dra
in s
houl
d be
loca
ted
belo
w t
he s
eat,
or
off
to o
ne s
ide.
2CS
AA
leve
r ha
ndle
in
the
off
posi
tion
sho
uld
be a
ngle
d to
the
fro
nt.
Hot
and
col
d fa
ucet
s fo
r la
vato
ries,
bat
htub
s, a
nd s
how
ers
shou
ld b
e co
nsis
tent
ly o
rient
ed.
3CS
AAv
oid
show
er d
oors
tha
t m
ay c
reat
e ob
stac
les
to e
nter
ing
the
show
er,
such
as
thos
e af
fixe
d w
ith
a flo
or t
rack
or
thos
e th
at m
ay li
mit
the
cle
ar o
peni
ng.
4CS
ATo
exp
and
the
usab
ility
of
a sh
ower
sta
ll, a
fol
ding
sea
t sh
ould
be
loca
ted
on t
he s
ide
wal
l. A
seat
tha
t fo
lds
to a
ver
tica
l pos
itio
n w
hen
not
in u
se w
ill a
llow
per
sons
to
use
the
show
er i
n a
seat
ed o
r st
andi
ng p
osit
ion.
5M
exic
oFo
r tr
ansf
er s
how
ers,
acc
ess
mus
t be
leve
l, w
ith
no c
urbs
or
ram
ps.
The
seat
sha
ll be
400
mm
in
dept
h, a
nd a
cros
s th
e fu
ll st
all w
idth
. Co
ntro
ls s
houl
d be
on
the
oppo
site
wal
l. Th
e gr
ab b
ars
shal
l be
loca
ted
on t
he b
ack
wal
l and
on
the
con
trol
wal
l. On
e fi
xed
and
one
hand
-hel
d sh
ower
hea
d ar
e re
quire
d.
6U
rugu
ayM
inim
um s
how
er s
tall
dim
ensi
ons
shal
l be
800
x 12
00 m
m.
7Sw
eden
A sh
ower
sta
ll in
a w
orkp
lace
sho
uld
be e
asily
ada
ptab
le t
o m
eeti
ng t
he n
eeds
of
peop
le w
ith
disa
bilit
ies,
for
exa
mpl
e, c
onst
ruct
ing
rein
forc
ed w
alls
whi
ch w
ill p
erm
it t
he i
nsta
llati
on o
f gr
ab b
ars
at a
late
r da
te i
f ne
eded
. Sh
ower
se
ats
shou
ld b
e ch
osen
wit
h co
nsid
erat
ion
give
n to
the
nee
ds o
f th
e pe
rson
.
8Sw
eden
Whe
re a
dapt
atio
n to
ind
ivid
ual n
eeds
is
not
poss
ible
or
feas
ible
, su
ch a
s in
hot
els
and
publ
ic p
lace
s, g
rab
bars
sho
uld
be i
nsta
lled
from
the
beg
inni
ng.
9IC
TAIf
sho
wer
cur
tain
s ar
e us
ed,
the
show
er r
od s
houl
d be
rei
nfor
ced
and
secu
rely
att
ache
d to
the
wal
ls s
imila
r to
a g
rab
bar
to p
reve
nt s
omeo
ne f
rom
gra
bbin
g th
em a
nd h
avin
g th
em g
ive
way
und
er t
he p
ress
ure.
10Si
ngap
ore
Hot
and
col
d w
ater
sup
plie
s sh
ould
hav
e cl
early
vis
ible
col
our
cont
rast
ed a
nd e
mbo
ssed
sig
ns.
11Si
ngap
ore,
CSA
The
curb
at
the
show
er e
ntra
nce
shal
l hav
e a
colo
ur t
hat
cont
rast
s w
ith
the
surr
ound
ing
floor
ing
colo
ur t
o re
duce
the
pos
sibi
lity
of t
ripp
ing.
12Si
ngap
ore
In s
port
s co
mpl
exes
and
pub
lic s
wim
min
g po
ols,
at
leas
t on
e in
divi
dual
sho
wer
sta
ll sh
all b
e ac
cess
ible
in
both
mal
e an
d fe
mal
e ar
eas.
13Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re g
rab
bars
are
not
loca
ted
in a
was
hroo
m,
prov
isio
n sh
ould
be
mad
e to
mou
nt t
hem
in
the
futu
re.
14Si
ngap
ore
Ligh
t sw
itch
es,
coat
hoo
ks a
nd o
ther
acc
esso
ries
shou
ld c
ontr
ast
stro
ngly
wit
h th
eir
back
grou
nds.
15Si
ngap
ore
Wal
ls a
nd c
eilin
gs s
houl
d be
fin
ishe
d in
pla
in c
olou
rs (
not
com
plex
pat
tern
s, w
hich
can
be
conf
usin
g) o
f lig
ht t
ones
(to
hel
p di
ffus
e lig
ht a
roun
d th
e ro
om o
r ar
ea)
and
wit
h a
mat
te f
inis
h (t
o av
oid
unw
ante
d gl
are
or r
efle
ctio
n).
16Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re a
n in
divi
dual
was
hroo
m i
s de
sign
ed t
o in
clud
e a
show
er f
acili
ty,
the
min
imum
int
erna
l dim
ensi
ons
shal
l be
2000
x 1
750
mm
.
17Le
bano
n U
NDr
ain
open
ings
sho
uld
be p
lace
d in
a c
orne
r of
the
sta
ll so
tha
t sl
ip-r
esis
tant
rub
ber
mat
s ca
n be
use
d.
Canadian human rights commission142
Canadian human rights commission 143
SIGNAGEAccessible signage, including the design, configuration and installation of accessible signage is addressed by all countries included in this study, with the exception of Mexico, Ireland, andMalaysia. The provision of accessible signage with well contrasted, tactile information ensures that all people are able to make their way through a facility.
The International Symbol of Access is required by most countries (1) to designate accessible facilities.Most countries require signage to be at a uniform height (2) at a range between 1400 mm to1600 mm. Interior signage is required to be located on the latch side of doors (3) in Canada, the U.S.,Singapore and Lebanon, a good design practice as people who are blind can only use signage if it isconsistently located.
Many countries specify that signage be consistently located, including electronic signage (6) and that it be on a glare-free surface with a uniform design. Signage must be colour contrasted (11), arequirement by most countries with Sweden also requiring luminance contrast, Australia and Spainrequiring light on dark, and dark on light which is considered the best practice. The level of illuminationon signs when emergency lighting is used (12) is recommended by Bangladesh, Singapore, Australia,Lebanon and Canada with the best practice at 200 lux. Letters and numbers on signs are requiredto be sans serif (14), with Australia recommending Helvetica medium. Decorative or italic script isdiscouraged.
Pictograph symbols and tactile characters are specified with Braille placed directly below thepictograph. Pictograph symbols are required at height of 16 - 51 mm (42).
Canada and the U.S. provide further technical specifications on the size and style of characters. Wheredouble leaf door or no door is provided, signage should be mounted on the nearest adjacent wall (49),as required by Singapore, the U.S. and Canada. Both Singapore and Canada state that overhead signsare not required to be tactile as they cannot be reached for touching (53).
Technical specifications for Braille are provided by the U.S., Canada and Singapore with a recommendationfor Grade 2 Braille, provided below the text. Minimum viewing distances are specified by South Africa;for example, a minimum character height of 10 for maximum viewing distance of 4500 mm (86).
The Canadian CSA Standard warns that red letters should not be used on a black background and thatvertical wording and electronic scrolling signage should also be avoided. Sweden correctly points outthat signage should be simple, short and easy to understand, which are good universal design practices.Singapore includes a series of recommendations for colour and tone contrasting combinations.
Loca
tion
and
Gen
eral
1W
here
faci
litie
s or
the
ir el
emen
ts
are
requ
ired
to b
e id
entif
ied
as a
cces
sibl
e, t
he I
nter
natio
nal
Sym
bol o
f Ac
cess
sha
ll be
use
dye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
2Th
e ce
nter
line
of in
terio
r si
gnag
e sh
all b
e at
a h
eigh
t ab
ove
the
floor
of
1500
(±10
)15
2514
00 -
170
014
00 -
160
014
00 -
160
014
00 -
160
015
00(±
25)
1200
- 1
600
1400
- 1
600
1475
- 1
525
1500
(±25
)
3In
terio
r si
gnag
e to
be
loca
ted
near
exi
t on
the
latc
h si
de o
f th
e do
ors.
door
s an
d ye
sye
ses
cape
rout
esye
sye
sye
sye
s
4W
here
the
re is
no
wal
l spa
ce o
n th
e la
tch
side
of
a do
or, s
igns
lo
cate
dsh
all b
e lo
cate
d on
the
nea
rest
to
be
adja
cent
wal
lye
sea
sily
see
nye
sye
sye
s
5Do
or m
ount
ed s
igns
sha
ll be
pe
rmitt
ed o
n th
e pu
sh s
ide
of
door
s eq
uipp
ed w
ith c
lose
rs
and
with
out
hold
ope
n de
vice
sye
sno
6Si
gnag
e sh
all b
e co
nsis
tent
ly
yes,
lo
cate
din
clud
ing
elec
tron
icsi
gnag
eye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
7Si
gnag
e sh
all b
e po
sitio
ned
to
yes,
av
oid
shad
ow a
reas
and
gla
rein
clud
ing
elec
tron
icsi
gnag
eye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
8W
here
sig
nage
is p
rovi
ded,
it s
hall
yes,
ha
ve a
gla
re-f
ree
surfa
cein
clud
ing
elec
tron
icsi
gnag
eye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
9Si
gnag
e sh
all b
e of
uni
form
ye
s,
desi
gnin
clud
ing
elec
tron
icsi
gnag
eye
s
10Si
gnag
e us
ed t
o gi
ve t
he s
ame
easy
to
find,
type
of
info
rmat
ion
with
in t
he
yes,
co
ntra
sted
sam
e fa
cilit
y, s
hall
be c
onsi
sten
tly
incl
udin
glu
min
ance
,sh
aped
, col
oure
d, a
nd p
ositi
oned
elec
tron
icea
sy t
osi
gnag
eye
sun
ders
tand
yes
yes
yes
SIGN
AGE
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission144
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
11Si
gnag
e sh
all b
e co
lour
ye
s,
cont
rast
ed w
ith it
s ba
ckgr
ound
incl
udin
gel
ectr
onic
cont
rast
edsi
gnag
eye
slu
min
ance
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
12Th
e le
vel o
f ill
umin
atio
n on
si
gns
that
dep
end
on e
mer
genc
y w
ell
light
ing
shal
l be
at le
ast
200
lxill
umin
ated
65 lx
200
lx20
0 -
300
lxye
s20
0 lx
200
lx
13Fo
r ad
ditio
nal s
peci
fic
requ
irem
ents
, see
sec
tions
on
PAR
KING
, WAS
HROO
MS
and
PUBL
IC T
ELEP
HON
ESye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Lett
ers,
Cha
ract
ers
and
Num
bers
14Le
tter
s an
d nu
mbe
rs o
n si
gns
Helv
etic
ash
all b
e sa
ns s
erif
yes
yes
yes
easy
to
read
yes
yes
med
ium
yes
yes
15Vi
sual
cha
ract
ers
shal
l be
uppe
r ca
se a
nd/o
r lo
wer
cas
eye
sye
sin
titl
e ca
seye
sye
s
16Vi
sual
cha
ract
ers
shal
l be
conv
entio
nal i
n fo
rm a
nd s
hall
not
be it
alic
, obl
ique
, scr
ipt,
hi
ghly
dec
orat
ive,
or
have
oth
er
unus
ual f
orm
yes
yes
easy
to
read
yes
yes
yes
17Si
gns
shal
l hav
e Ar
abic
num
bers
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
18Le
tter
s an
d nu
mbe
rs o
n si
gns
shal
l hav
e a
wid
th t
o he
ight
ratio
be
twee
n3:
5 to
1:1
3:5
to 1
:175
x 7
53:
5 to
1:1
3:5
to 1
:13:
5 to
1:1
19Le
tter
s an
d nu
mbe
rs o
n si
gns
shal
l hav
e a
stro
ke w
idth
to
hei
ght
ratio
of
betw
een
1:5
to 1
:10
1:5
to 1
:10
1:3
- 1:
71:
5 to
1:1
01:
5 to
1:1
01:
5 to
1:1
0
20Si
gns,
lett
ers,
num
bers
and
lig
htlig
ht
light
lig
ht
light
lig
ht
pict
ogra
phs
shal
l be
colo
ur
on d
ark/
on d
ark/
on d
ark/
cont
rast
ing
on d
ark/
on d
ark/
on d
ark/
cont
rast
ed w
ith it
s ba
ckgr
ound
da
rk
lum
inan
ceda
rk
dark
co
lour
on
colo
ur
dark
da
rk
dark
by
at
leas
t70
%on
ligh
tco
ntra
ston
ligh
tye
son
ligh
tgr
eyan
d to
neon
ligh
tye
son
ligh
ton
ligh
t
21Vi
sual
cha
ract
ers
and
thei
r ba
ckgr
ound
s sh
all h
ave
a no
n-gl
are
finis
hye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Canadian human rights commission 145
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
22Vi
sual
cha
ract
er w
idth
sha
ll be
55
% m
inim
um a
nd 1
10%
max
imum
yes,
bas
ed
of t
he h
eigh
t of
the
cha
ract
er
on t
he
with
the
wid
th b
ased
on
uppe
r up
per
case
ca
se le
tter
“O”
and
the
hei
ght
lett
ers
base
d on
the
upp
er c
ase
lett
er “
L”ye
s“O
” an
d “I
”ye
s
23Vi
sual
cha
ract
ers
shal
l hav
e a
stro
ke t
hick
ness
tha
t is
10
% m
inim
um a
nd 3
0% m
axim
um
15%
of
the
of t
he h
eigh
t of
the
cha
ract
er
uppe
r ca
seba
sed
on t
he u
pper
cas
e le
tter
“L”
yes
lett
er “
I”ye
s
24Si
gns,
lett
ers,
and
num
bers
sh
all u
se a
n up
per
case
“X”
for
uppe
r ca
seup
per
case
ch
arac
ter
mea
sure
men
tye
sle
tter
“I”
lett
er “
H”ye
s
25Pi
ctog
raph
sym
bols
on
tact
ile
sign
s sh
ould
be
rais
ed a
bove
the
ra
ised
lett
ers
surfa
ce b
etw
een
0.8
- 1.
50.
70.
80.
4 -
0.6
and
sym
bols
10.
81
0.8
0.8
- 1.
5
26Pi
ctog
raph
sym
bols
on
tact
ile
sign
s sh
ould
be
acco
mpa
nied
by
yes,
whe
reve
rth
e eq
uiva
lent
des
crip
tion
in
cont
ract
ed
embo
ssed
Brai
lle p
lace
d di
rect
ly b
elow
the
ye
s,
Grad
e 2
ch
arac
ters
yes,
Gra
de 2
ye
s, G
rade
2
pict
ogra
ph o
r sy
mbo
lGr
ade
1Br
aille
yes
are
used
yes
Brai
lleBr
aille
27W
here
bot
h vi
sual
and
tac
tile
char
acte
rs a
re re
quire
d, e
ither
on
e si
gn w
ith b
oth
visu
al a
nd
one
with
tact
ile a
re p
rovi
ded,
OR
two
both
vis
ual
sepa
rate
sig
ns, o
ne v
isua
l and
an
d ta
ctile
one
tact
ile s
hall
be p
rovi
ded
yes
yes
char
acte
rs
28Pi
ctog
raph
sym
bols
on
tact
ile
cont
rast
co
ntra
stsi
gns
shou
ld b
e co
lour
con
tras
ted
light
/dar
k ha
ve c
olou
rlig
ht/
light
/dar
kw
ith t
heir
back
grou
nd b
y at
or
lum
inan
ceco
lour
on
and
tone
have
or
dar
k/or
le
ast
70%
yes
dark
/lig
htco
ntra
stgr
eyco
ntra
stco
ntra
stye
slig
htda
rk/l
ight
29Pi
ctog
raph
sym
bols
on
tact
ile
sign
s sh
ould
hav
e a
heig
ht
betw
een
16 -
50
16 -
51
easi
ly s
een
16 -
50
16 -
50
16 -
50
Tact
ile30
Tact
ile c
hara
cter
s sh
all b
e ra
ised
ra
ised
a m
inim
um h
eigh
t ab
ove
thei
r le
tter
s an
d ba
ckgr
ound
by
at le
ast
0.8
0.75
0.8
0.4
- 0.
6sy
mbo
ls1
0.8
rais
ed1
0.8
0.8
- 1.
5
SIGN
AGE
(fro
m p
age
145)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission146
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
31Ta
ctile
cha
ract
ers
shal
l be
sans
se
rif a
nd s
hall
not
be it
alic
, ob
lique
, scr
ipt,
hig
hly
deco
rativ
e,
be s
ans
or h
ave
othe
r un
usua
l for
mye
sye
sse
rif fo
ntye
s
32Ta
ctile
cha
ract
er w
idth
sha
ll be
55
% m
inim
um a
nd 1
10%
max
imum
of t
he h
eigh
t of
the
cha
ract
er
yes,
bas
ed
wit
h th
e w
idth
bas
ed o
n th
e on
the
upp
erup
perc
ase
lett
er “
O” a
nd h
eigh
t ca
se l
ette
rs
base
d on
the
upp
er c
ase
lett
er “
L”ye
s“O
” an
d “I
”ye
s
33Ta
ctile
cha
ract
ers
shal
l hav
e a
stro
ke t
hick
ness
tha
t is
15
% m
axim
um o
f th
e he
ight
ba
sed
on t
heof
the
cha
ract
er b
ased
on
uppe
r ca
seth
e up
per
case
lett
er “
L”ye
sle
tter
“I”
yes
34Sp
acin
g be
twee
n in
divi
dual
tac
tile
3.2
- 4
x th
ech
arac
ters
sha
ll be
bet
wee
nch
arac
ter
norm
al3
- 6
stro
ke w
idth
spac
ing
3 -
6
35Sp
acin
g be
twee
n in
divi
dual
tac
tile
char
acte
rs s
hall
be c
alcu
late
d by
m
easu
ring
the
two
clos
est
poin
ts
betw
een
each
adj
acen
t ch
arac
ter
with
in a
mes
sage
exc
ludi
ng s
pace
s be
twee
n w
ords
yes
yes
yes
36Sp
acin
g fo
r in
divi
dual
tac
tile
char
acte
rs s
hall
be 1
35%
min
imum
and
170%
max
imum
of
the
char
acte
r he
ight
bet
wee
n th
e ba
selin
e of
sep
arat
e lin
es o
f ch
arac
ters
with
in a
mes
sage
yes
yes
yes
37In
divi
dual
tac
tile
char
acte
r he
ight
m
easu
red
vert
ical
ly f
rom
the
13
- 5
1,
base
line
of t
he c
hara
cter
, bas
ed
base
d on
on t
he u
pper
cas
e le
tter
“L”
th
e up
per
shal
l be
betw
een
case
13 -
19
lett
er “
I”16
- 5
013
- 1
9
38Th
e ba
selin
e of
indi
vidu
al t
actil
e ch
arac
ters
sha
ll be
loca
ted
abov
e th
e flo
or o
r gr
ound
sur
face
at
a he
ight
bet
wee
n12
20 -
152
512
20 -
152
514
00 -
160
015
00 (
±25
)14
00 -
160
014
75 -
152
515
00(±
25)
Canadian human rights commission 147
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
39W
here
cha
ract
ers
have
rect
angu
lar
cros
s se
ctio
n sp
acin
g, t
he s
paci
ng3.
2 -
4 x
the
betw
een
indi
vidu
al c
hara
cter
s sh
all
char
acte
rbe
bet
wee
n3
- 10
stro
ke w
idth
3 -
10
40W
here
cha
ract
ers
have
oth
er c
ross
se
ctio
n sp
acin
g be
twee
n in
divi
dual
char
acte
rs, t
he s
paci
ng s
hall
be
betw
een
2 -
10 m
m a
t th
e ba
se
of t
he c
ross
sec
tion
and
3 -
10 m
mat
the
top
of
the
cros
s se
ctio
nsye
sye
sye
s
41Sp
acin
g sh
all b
e m
easu
red
betw
een
the
base
lines
of
sepa
rate
line
s of
ch
arac
ters
and
sha
ll be
135
% t
o 17
0% o
f th
e ch
arac
ter
heig
htye
sye
sye
s
42Ch
arac
ter
heig
ht m
easu
red
16 -
51
vert
ical
ly f
rom
the
bas
elin
e ba
sed
of t
he c
hara
cter
bas
ed o
n th
e on
the
up
per
case
lett
er “
L” s
hall
uppe
r ca
sebe
bet
wee
n16
- 5
1le
tter
“I”
16 -
51
43Ta
ctile
cha
ract
ers
with
a
rect
angu
lar
cros
s se
ctio
n sh
all
have
a s
trok
e th
ickn
ess
that
is
10%
min
imum
and
15%
m
axim
um o
f th
e he
ight
of
the
15%
of
the
char
acte
r ba
sed
on t
he u
pper
up
per
case
case
lett
er “
L”ye
sle
tter
“I”
yes
44Ta
ctile
cha
ract
ers
with
oth
er t
han
rect
angu
lar
cros
s se
ctio
ns s
hall
have
a s
trok
e th
ickn
ess
that
is
10%
min
imum
and
30%
max
imum
of
the
hei
ght
of t
he c
hara
cter
an
d a
stro
ke t
hick
ness
at
the
top
of t
he c
ross
sec
tion
that
is 1
5%
max
imum
of
the
heig
ht o
f th
e ch
arac
ter
base
d on
the
upp
er
case
lett
er “
L”ye
sye
s
45Ta
ctile
sig
nage
sha
ll be
mou
nted
w
ith it
s ho
rizon
tal c
entr
elin
e
abov
e th
e flo
or a
t a
heig
ht o
f15
00 (
±10
)15
2512
0014
00 -
160
015
00(±
25)
1475
- 1
525
1500
(±25
)
SIGN
AGE
(fro
m p
age
147)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission148
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
46A
tact
ile s
ign
used
to
iden
tify
a do
or, s
hall
be m
ount
ed o
n th
e w
all b
esid
e th
e la
tch
side
of
cons
iste
ntly
the
door
yes
yes
yes
loca
ted
yes
yes
47A
tact
ile s
ign
shal
l hav
e th
e le
adin
g ve
rtic
al e
dge
a di
stan
ce
away
fro
m t
he d
oor
jam
b of
150
(±10
)15
0 (±
10)
48A
tact
ile s
ign
whe
re d
oubl
e-le
af
door
s ar
e us
ed, o
r w
here
no
wal
l sp
ace
adjo
ins
the
door
’s la
tch
edge
, sha
ll be
mou
nted
on
the
near
est
adja
cent
wal
lye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
49A
tact
ile s
ign
shal
l allo
w a
per
son
to a
ppro
ach
the
sign
to
with
in
100
mm
with
out
enco
unte
ring
prot
rusi
ons
prot
rudi
ng o
bjec
ts o
r st
andi
ng
not
with
in a
doo
r sw
ing
yes
perm
itted
50Si
gns
cont
aini
ng t
actil
e ch
arac
ters
cl
ear
floor
sh
all h
ave
the
cent
relin
e of
the
ar
ea o
fta
ctile
cha
ract
ers
loca
ted
beyo
nd
455
x 45
5th
e ar
c of
any
doo
r sw
ing
so t
hat
beyo
ndth
ere
is a
cle
ar f
loor
spa
ce o
far
c of
door
sw
ing
800
x 13
00
51Ta
ctile
sig
nage
sho
uld
have
a
clea
r w
all a
rea
arou
nd t
he s
ign
of a
t le
ast
7575
52Ta
ctile
mar
king
s sh
all s
uppl
emen
t th
e te
xt o
f re
gula
tory
sig
ns,
(ie:p
rohi
bitio
n an
d m
anda
tory
si
gns,
cau
tion
and
dang
er
war
ning
sig
ns),
and
iden
tific
atio
n si
gns
for
room
s, t
itles
, nam
es,
or n
umbe
rsye
sye
s
53Ov
erhe
ad s
igns
do
not
have
to
be t
actil
e si
nce
they
can
not
be
reac
hed
for
touc
hing
yes
yes
yes
54Pi
ctog
raph
s/sy
mbo
ls s
hall
have
m
inim
um c
olou
r co
ntra
st w
ith
cont
rast
th
e ba
ckgr
ound
of
light
/dar
k or
lum
inan
ceco
lour
on
in c
olou
rha
ve
have
lig
ht/d
ark
orlig
ht/d
ark
or
70%
dark
/lig
htco
ntra
stco
ntra
stye
sgr
eyan
d to
neco
ntra
stco
ntra
stda
rk/l
ight
dark
/lig
ht
Canadian human rights commission 149
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
55Sp
acin
g be
twee
n in
divi
dual
ch
arac
ters
sha
ll be
10%
min
imum
an
d 35
% m
axim
um o
f ch
arac
ter
heig
ht. S
paci
ng s
hall
be c
alcu
late
d by
mea
surin
g th
e tw
o cl
oses
t po
ints
bet
wee
n ea
ch a
djac
ent
char
acte
r w
ithi
n a
mes
sage
, ex
clud
ing
spac
es b
etw
een
wor
dsye
sye
sye
s
56Sp
acin
g be
twee
n th
e ba
selin
e of
se
para
te li
nes
of c
hara
cter
s w
ithin
a
mes
sage
sha
ll be
135
% m
inim
um
and
170%
max
imum
of
the
char
acte
r he
ight
yes
yes
yes
Pict
ogra
phs
57Ch
arac
ters
and
/or
Brai
lle
text
sh
all n
ot b
e lo
cate
d in
the
de
scrip
tion
pict
ogra
ph f
ield
plac
ed
dire
ctly
belo
w t
heye
sye
spi
ctog
raph
yes
yes
58Ch
arac
ter
sym
bols
for
pict
ogra
ph
on t
actil
e si
gns
shou
ld h
ave
a ch
arac
ter
heig
ht o
f at
leas
t15
015
010
0 x
100
152
150
150
59Pi
ctog
raph
s an
d th
eir
field
s sh
all
have
a n
on-r
efle
ctiv
e fin
ish
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
60Pi
ctog
raph
s sh
all c
ontr
ast
with
ye
s, a
nd t
heth
eir
back
grou
nd f
ield
s: e
ither
a
sym
bol o
f a
light
pic
togr
aph/
dark
fie
ld o
r
pers
on in
aa
dark
pic
togr
aph/
light
fie
ldw
heel
chai
rsh
all b
eye
llow
yes
yes
yes
on b
lack
yes
yes
yes
yes
61W
here
tex
t de
scrip
tors
for
pict
ogra
phs
are
requ
ired,
the
y ea
sy
shal
l be
loca
ted
dire
ctly
bel
ow
to t
ouch
or a
djac
ent
to t
he p
icto
grap
hye
sye
san
d re
adye
s
Sym
bols
62Sy
mbo
ls o
f ac
cess
ibili
ty a
nd
thei
r ba
ckgr
ound
s sh
all h
ave
a no
n-gl
are
finis
hye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
SIGN
AGE
(fro
m p
age
149)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission150
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
63Sy
mbo
ls o
f ac
cess
ibili
ty s
hall
cont
rast
with
the
ir ba
ckgr
ound
s.
Eith
er a
ligh
t sy
mbo
l/da
rk
colo
ur a
ndba
ckgr
ound
or
a da
rk s
ymbo
l/
lum
inan
cest
rong
tone
tha
tlig
ht b
ackg
roun
dye
sye
sco
ntra
stye
sco
ntra
stco
ntra
stye
sye
sye
s
Brai
lle64
Tact
ile c
hara
cter
s sh
all b
e w
here
ver
acco
mpa
nied
by
Grad
e 2
Brai
lleem
boss
edch
arac
ters
yes
yes
are
used
yes
yes
yes
65Br
aille
dot
s sh
all h
ave
a do
med
or
roun
ded
shap
eye
sye
sye
sye
s
66Th
e m
easu
rem
ent
rang
e fo
r st
anda
rd s
ign
Brai
lle s
hall
have
a
dot
base
dia
met
er o
f1.
51.
5 -
1.6
1.5
67Th
e m
easu
rem
ent
rang
e fo
r st
anda
rd s
ign
Brai
lle s
hall
have
a
dot
heig
ht o
f be
twee
n0.
6 -
0.8
0.6
- 0.
90.
6 -
0.8
68Th
e m
easu
rem
ent
rang
e fo
r st
anda
rd s
ign
Brai
lle s
hall
have
a
dist
ance
bet
wee
n an
y tw
o do
ts in
the
sam
e ce
ll ce
ntre
to
cent
re o
f be
twee
n2.
3 -
2.5
2.3
- 2.
52.
3 -
2.5
69Th
e m
easu
rem
ent
rang
e fo
r st
anda
rd s
ign
Brai
lle s
hall
have
a
dist
ance
bet
wee
n co
rresp
ondi
ng
dots
in a
djac
ent
cells
cen
tre
to
cent
re b
etw
een
6.1
- 7.
66.
1 -
7.6
6.1
- 7.
6
70Th
e m
easu
rem
ent
rang
e fo
r st
anda
rd s
ign
Brai
lle s
hall
have
a
dist
ance
bet
wee
n co
rresp
ondi
ng
dots
fro
m o
ne c
ell t
o th
e ce
ll di
rect
ly b
elow
cen
tre
to c
entr
e of
bet
wee
n10
.0 -
10.
110
.0 -
10.
210
.0 -
10.
2
71Br
aille
sha
ll be
loca
ted
belo
w t
he
yes
and
left
corre
spon
ding
tex
tye
sye
sal
igne
dye
s
72If
tex
t is
mul
ti lin
ed, B
raill
e sh
all
be p
lace
d be
low
the
ent
ire t
ext
yes
yes
yes
Canadian human rights commission 151
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
73Br
aille
sha
ll be
sep
arat
ed f
rom
an
y ot
her
tact
ile c
hara
cter
s by
at
leas
t10
9.5
10
74Br
aille
as
mea
sure
d fro
m t
he b
ase
line
of t
he B
raill
e ce
lls, s
hall
be
loca
ted
abov
e th
e fin
ishe
d flo
or
at a
hei
ght
betw
een
1015
- 1
525
1220
- 1
525
1400
- 1
600
1500
(±25
)15
00(±
25)
75Br
aille
sha
ll be
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith
liter
ary
Brai
lle. T
he in
dica
tion
of a
n up
per
case
lett
er s
hall
only
be
use
d fo
r th
e fir
st w
ord
of a
se
nten
ce, p
rope
r nou
ns a
nd n
ames
, in
divi
dual
lett
ers
of t
he a
lpha
bet,
in
itial
s, o
r ac
rony
ms
yes
yes
yes
View
ing
Dist
ance
76
Min
imum
cha
ract
er h
eigh
t si
ze
size
to
max
imum
vie
win
g di
stan
ce
heig
ht
prop
ortio
nate
prop
ortio
nate
of 5
0 00
0de
pend
s on
to t
he
to t
hevi
ewin
gvi
ewin
g vi
ewin
gdi
stan
ce16
0di
stan
cedi
stan
ce
77M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
to m
axim
um v
iew
ing
dist
ance
of
40
000
140
300
78M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
to
100,
m
axim
um v
iew
ing
dist
ance
(3
0 00
0 -
of 3
5 00
040
000
)30
0
79M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
tom
axim
um v
iew
ing
dist
ance
of
25
000
8030
0
80M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
to
max
imum
vie
win
g di
stan
ce
of 1
5 00
050
300
81M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
to
40
max
imum
vie
win
g di
stan
ce
(10
000
-of
12
000
15 0
00)
300
82M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
to
20
max
imum
vie
win
g di
stan
ce
(500
0 -
of 9
000
300
10 0
00)
250
SIGN
AGE
(fro
m p
age
151)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission152
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
83M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
to
250
max
imum
vie
win
g di
stan
ce o
f 800
0(a
t 75
00)
250
250
84M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
to
66
20
max
imum
vie
win
g di
stan
ce
(+3.
2 pe
r 305
(500
0 -
of 6
000
200
abov
e 60
00)
10 0
00)
200
200
200
85M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
51
to m
axim
um v
iew
ing
dist
ance
(+
3.2
per 3
0510
of 4
570
abov
e 47
50)
140
(500
0)(2
000
- 50
00)
150
(500
0)15
0
86M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
tom
axim
um v
iew
ing
dist
ance
10
of
450
015
0(2
000
- 50
00)
150
150
150
87M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
to m
axim
um v
iew
ing
dist
ance
10
of 4
000
112
(200
0 -
5000
)13
013
0
88M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
70 -
100
,to
max
imum
vie
win
g di
stan
ce
dist
ance
of
10of
300
010
010
00 -
300
084
(200
0 -
5000
)12
010
0 (3
500)
120
89M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
70 -
100
,to
max
imum
vie
win
g di
stan
ce
dist
ance
of
10of
250
010
00 -
300
0(2
000
-50
00)
100
8010
010
0
90M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
70 -
100
,to
max
imum
vie
win
g di
stan
ce
dist
ance
of
10
of 2
300
75 (
at 2
250)
1000
- 3
000
(200
0 -
5000
)75
70 -
100
91M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
to m
axim
um v
iew
ing
dist
ance
70
- 1
00,
10
of 2
000
(100
0 -
3000
)56
(200
0-
5000
)60
70 -
100
92M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
16
to m
axim
um v
iew
ing
dist
ance
(+
3.2
per 3
0810
of
183
0 ab
ove
1830
)(
0 -
2000
)50
93M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
15 m
in. i
fto
max
imum
vie
win
g di
stan
ce
poss
ible
of
150
0to
get
10
50cl
ose
to s
ign
( 0
- 20
00)
5050
5050
94M
inim
um c
hara
cter
hei
ght
15 m
in. i
f to
max
imum
vie
win
g di
stan
ce
poss
ible
of
750
to g
et10
25
clos
e to
sig
n28
(10
00)
( 0
- 20
00)
25 (
800)
2525
Canadian human rights commission 153
SIGN
AGE
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1CS
AW
here
the
bac
kgro
und
colo
ur o
f a
sign
doe
s no
t co
ntra
st s
igni
fican
tly
wit
h th
e su
rrou
ndin
g su
rfac
e, a
con
tras
ting
bor
der
arou
nd t
he s
ign
is r
ecom
men
ded.
2CS
AIl
lum
inat
ed r
ed le
tter
s sh
ould
not
be
used
on
a bl
ack
back
grou
nd.
3CS
AEx
ampl
es o
f co
lour
s th
at c
ontr
ast
mor
e th
an 7
0% a
re n
avy
blue
wit
h m
atte
whi
te (
95%
), a
pple
gre
en w
ith
whi
te (
72%
) an
d si
lver
wit
h sa
ddle
bro
wn
(70%
).
4CS
ACo
lour
com
bina
tion
s th
at s
houl
d be
avo
ided
inc
lude
yel
low
/gre
y, y
ello
w/w
hite
, bl
ue/g
reen
, re
d/gr
een,
bla
ck/v
iole
t, a
nd r
ed/b
lack
.
5CS
ASi
gnag
e, i
nclu
ding
ele
ctro
nic
disp
lay
mon
itor
s, s
houl
d be
pla
ced
at d
ecis
ion
mak
ing
poin
ts a
long
rou
tes
of t
rave
l, in
clud
ing
exit
s an
d en
tran
ces.
6CS
ASi
gns
faci
ng t
he d
irect
ion
of t
rave
l are
eas
iest
to
noti
ce a
nd r
ead.
7CS
AVe
rtic
al w
ordi
ng a
nd e
lect
roni
c sc
rolli
ng s
igna
ge s
houl
d be
avo
ided
.
8CS
AW
here
scr
ollin
g si
gnag
e ha
s to
be
used
, ch
arac
ters
and
sym
bols
sho
uld
mov
e sl
owly
acr
oss
the
scre
en.
9CS
AA
mix
ture
of
uppe
r an
d lo
wer
cas
e le
tter
s (e
.g.
“Can
ada”
) ca
n be
rea
d m
ore
easi
ly a
nd r
ecog
nize
d m
ore
quic
kly
than
cap
ital
s on
ly.
10CS
ASi
gnag
e sh
ould
be
cons
iste
ntly
loca
ted
incl
udin
g he
ight
con
side
rati
ons
for
over
head
or
wal
l mou
nted
sig
ns,
as w
ell a
s un
iform
pla
cem
ent
of id
enti
ficat
ion
sign
s fo
r fa
cilit
ies
and
serv
ices
.
11Sw
eden
An u
pper
case
lett
er s
hall
only
be
used
for
the
fir
st w
ord
of a
sen
tenc
e, p
rope
r no
uns
and
nam
es,
indi
vidu
al le
tter
s of
the
alp
habe
t, i
niti
als
and
acro
nym
s.
12AD
AAG
Brai
lle s
hall
be c
ontr
acte
d (G
rade
2 B
raill
e).
13Ba
ngla
desh
Exit
sig
ns s
hall
have
wor
ds 1
50 m
m h
igh
wit
h a
stok
e of
not
less
tha
n 20
mm
.
14Ba
ngla
desh
Min
imum
exi
t si
gn i
llum
inat
ion
(int
erna
lly o
r ex
tern
ally
), s
hall
be 5
foo
t ca
ndle
s.
15Sw
eden
The
sign
sho
uld
be i
llum
inat
ed s
o th
at t
he v
iew
er d
oesn
’t ge
t da
zzle
d or
sha
dow
the
sig
n.
16Sw
eden
Som
etim
es v
erba
l inf
orm
atio
n is
nee
ded
as a
com
plim
ent.
17Sw
eden
, Si
ngap
ore
Sign
s sh
ould
be
easy
to
unde
rsta
nd,
incl
udin
g fo
r pe
rson
s w
ith
cogn
itiv
e lim
itat
ions
and
peo
ple
who
can
not
read
or
unde
rsta
nd t
he la
ngua
ge.
Pict
ogra
ms
that
are
wel
l kno
wn
and
easy
to
unde
rsta
nd s
houl
d be
use
d if
pos
sibl
e.
The
cont
ent
of s
igns
sha
ll be
sim
ple,
sho
rt a
nd e
asy
to u
nder
stan
d.
18Sw
eden
Char
acte
r he
ight
s de
pend
on
view
ing
dist
ance
.
19So
uth
Afric
aW
here
ind
ucti
on lo
ops
or o
ther
ele
ctro
nic
aids
are
ins
talle
d, t
he i
nter
nati
onal
loop
sys
tem
(De
af)
sign
sha
ll be
dis
play
ed.
20So
uth
Afric
aH
eari
ng i
mpa
ired
peop
le m
ay n
eed
to r
epor
t at
the
inf
orm
atio
n co
unte
rs a
t ai
rpor
ts,
railw
ay s
tati
ons,
hot
els,
etc
to
arra
nge
for
wri
tten
mes
sage
s or
oth
er i
nfor
mat
ion.
Suc
h a
coun
ter
and
its
loca
tion
sho
uld
be c
lear
ly id
enti
fied
by t
he s
ymbo
l for
the
hea
ring
im
paire
d.
21Si
ngap
ore
Reco
mm
ende
d si
gnag
e co
lour
and
ton
e co
ntra
sts
are
– Ba
ckgr
ound
(re
d br
ick
or d
ark
ston
e) S
ign
(whi
te)
Char
acte
rs (
blac
k, d
ark
gree
n or
dar
k bl
ue);
Bac
kgro
und
(lig
ht b
rick
or li
ght
ston
e) S
ign
(bla
ck o
r da
rk)
Char
acte
rs (
whi
te
or y
ello
w);
Bac
kgro
und
(whi
te-w
ashe
d w
alls
) Si
gn (
blac
k or
dar
k) C
hara
cter
s (w
hite
or
yello
w);
Bac
kgro
und
(gre
en v
eget
atio
n) S
ign
(whi
te)
Char
acte
rs (
blac
k, d
ark
gree
n or
dar
k bl
ue).
22Si
ngap
ore
Pers
ons
wit
h di
sabi
litie
s m
ay h
ave
limit
atio
ns i
n th
e m
ovem
ent
of t
heir
hea
d or
a r
educ
tion
in
peri
pher
al v
isio
n. S
igns
pos
itio
ned
perp
endi
cula
r to
the
pat
h of
tra
vel a
re e
asie
st f
or t
hem
to
noti
ce.
23Si
ngap
ore
Pers
ons
can
gene
rally
dis
ting
uish
sig
ns w
ithi
n an
ang
le o
f 30
˚ to
eit
her
side
of
the
cent
relin
e of
the
ir f
aces
wit
hout
mov
ing
thei
r he
ads.
24Si
ngap
ore
The
sym
bol o
f ac
cess
sha
ll co
nsis
t of
a s
ymbo
lized
fig
ure
in a
whe
elch
air
on a
pla
in s
quar
e ba
ckgr
ound
. Th
e sy
mbo
lized
fig
ure
shal
l fac
e to
the
rig
ht a
nd t
he c
olou
r of
the
sym
boliz
ed f
igur
e sh
all b
e w
hite
on
a bl
ue b
ackg
roun
d.
25Si
ngap
ore
All t
ext
shal
l be
in t
itle
cas
e ar
rang
ed w
ith
left
alig
nmen
t.
26Si
ngap
ore
Dire
ctio
nal s
igns
inc
orpo
rati
ng t
he s
ymbo
l of
acce
ss s
hall
be d
ispl
ayed
at
mai
n lo
bbie
s or
pas
sage
way
s if
the
acc
essi
ble
rout
e is
not
the
mai
n ro
ute.
27Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re t
he lo
cati
on o
f th
e de
sign
ated
fac
ility
is
not
obvi
ous
or i
s di
stan
t fr
om t
he a
ppro
ach
view
poin
ts,
dire
ctio
nal s
igns
inc
orpo
rati
ng t
he s
ymbo
l of
acce
ss s
houl
d be
pla
ced
alon
g th
e ro
ute
and
at d
ecis
ion
mak
ing
poin
ts
to d
irect
per
son
wit
h di
sabi
litie
s to
fac
iliti
es s
uch
as li
fts,
ent
ranc
es,
tele
phon
e bo
oths
, to
ilets
, ve
hicl
e pa
rks
and
the
like.
28Si
ngap
ore
Tact
ile s
igns
inc
orpo
rati
ng p
icto
gram
s sh
all i
ndic
ate
whe
ther
the
toi
let
is f
or m
ale
or f
emal
e.
29Si
ngap
ore
Arro
ws
shal
l be
loca
ted
on t
he s
ide
of t
he s
ign
to w
hich
the
y ar
e po
inti
ng,
that
is
arro
ws
poin
ting
left
sha
ll be
on
the
left
and
arr
ows
poin
ting
rig
ht s
hall
be o
n th
e rig
ht.
30Si
ngap
ore
The
sign
sha
ll no
t ha
ve a
ny s
harp
edg
es a
nd i
f fi
tted
to
a fr
ame,
the
fra
me
shal
l not
hav
e an
y sh
arp
edge
s.
31Si
ngap
ore
Illu
min
ated
cle
ar g
lass
or
acry
lic s
igns
wit
h co
lour
ed e
tche
d le
gend
are
not
acc
epta
ble
for
legi
bilit
y re
ason
s.
32Si
ngap
ore
To e
nabl
e a
sign
to
be lo
cate
d on
bot
h lig
ht a
nd d
ark
back
grou
nds,
or
for
corp
orat
e si
gnag
e w
here
the
col
our
cann
ot b
e ch
ange
d, a
con
tras
ting
bor
der
shal
l be
plac
ed a
roun
d th
e si
gn.
33Si
ngap
ore
The
cont
ent
of s
igns
, sh
all b
e si
mpl
e, s
hort
and
eas
y to
und
erst
and.
Canadian human rights commission154
Canadian human rights commission 155
STAIRSSurprisingly, the design of stairs varies considerably from country to country. The Expert Panelrecommends the maximum riser height of stairs (1) of 150 - 180 mm with a tread depth (2) between275 - 300 mm. No open risers (4) are permitted by most codes and standards as they are hazardousto people who use canes or wear braces. Bangladesh has an interesting approach to the width ofstaircases as they specify 1250 mm for lodging, 1500 mm for schools, offices and small shopsand a wider width of 2000 mm for health-care and assembly areas (5).
To increased visibility, horizontal strips (15) are required at the edge of stair treads by many countriesand detectable warning indicators are increasingly becoming a requirement (Canada, Uruguay,Sweden, the Philippines, Singapore and Lebanon). The extent of the design challenge in ensuring thatthe person approaching the stairs is able to detect the warning surface is reflected in the intervalof the warning surface from 300 mm - 920 mm. This is a very important design element; they must beapplied consistently to ensure they are effective.
The CSA Standard in Canada requires tactile signage (29), which is particularly important atemergency egress stairs. Another important safety concern is the illumination level (33) on stairs,something addressed by Canada, Spain, South Africa, Singapore and Lebanon, with the Expert Panelrecommending 150 lux and that lighting be positioned without causing shadows.
Sweden recommends that stairs have a minimum width of 1200 mm if the stairs are part of the escaperoute and that stair widths be sufficient to allow stretchers to be safely carried.
Some interesting comments include the recommendation that strongly patterned carpets not be usedon stairs, a design practice commonly used by many hotels. Many people find patterned carpets onstairs disorienting, especially older people and people with vision limitations.
South Africa points out that headroom should be at least 2100 mm vertically to prevent peoplefrom hitting their head on the underside of stairs. South Africa further recommends that windows anddoors not open across a walkway, corridors or stair ramps. These are extremely important recommendeddesign practices that increase safety for people using stairs. All these features increase safety for peoplewhile using the stairs.
Trea
ds a
nd R
iser
s1
The
max
imum
ris
er h
eigh
t sh
all b
e18
012
5 -
180
100
- 18
018
015
018
017
5 ±
621
520
015
015
0 -
165
120
- 18
012
5 -
180
150
- 18
0
2Th
e m
inim
um t
read
dep
th
250
inte
rior,
shal
l be
280
280
280
280
300
outd
oor
280
280
250
215
280
300
275
- 30
028
0 -
350
280
- 35
527
5 -
300
3Fl
ight
s of
sta
irs s
hall
have
uni
form
riser
hei
ghts
and
tre
ad d
epth
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s±
5±
5ye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
4Th
ere
shal
l be
no o
pen
riser
s10
0 m
ax.
yes
yes
open
ing
yes
yes
avoi
dye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
5Th
e m
inim
um w
idth
of
stai
rcas
e 12
5012
50sh
all b
e(lo
dgin
g),
(lodg
ing)
, 15
00
1500
(s
choo
ls,90
0 on
e-w
ay(s
choo
ls,of
fices
, sm
all
traf
fic,
offic
es, s
mal
lsh
ops)
, 200
015
00 fo
r sh
ops)
, 200
0(h
ealth
car
e,tw
o-w
ay(h
ealth
car
e,as
sem
bly
traf
fic, 1
500
asse
mbl
y bl
dgs,
fo
r ex
it bl
dgs,
12
0012
0090
010
0012
0090
0la
rge
shop
s)12
00ro
utes
larg
e sh
ops)
6Th
e m
axim
um r
ise
of a
flig
ht o
f m
ax. 1
800
stai
rs b
etw
een
land
ings
sha
ll be
inte
rior
or
no e
leva
tor,
max
. 150
018
ste
psex
terio
r or
13 s
teps
15
ste
ps/
max
.w
ith e
leva
tor
max
.30
00 m
ax.
fligh
t m
ax.
3650
2000
2500
max
.25
00 m
ax.
Nos
ing
7M
axim
um n
osin
g pr
ojec
tions
sh
all b
e38
3815
- 2
5sl
ante
dno
t al
low
ed25
2540
2515
- 2
5
8Ab
rupt
und
ersi
de o
f no
sing
s sh
all
be a
void
edye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
9Th
e m
axim
um ra
dius
of
the
lead
ing
edge
of
the
trea
d sh
all b
e13
1313
1313
10W
here
nos
ings
pro
ject
, the
y sl
ope
to t
he r
iser
at
an a
ngle
30
˚ max
. 40
˚ max
.no
t le
ss
40˚ m
ax.
grea
ter
than
60˚
from
ver
tical
proj
ectio
nth
an 6
0˚pr
ojec
tion
11St
air n
osin
gs s
hall
be s
lip-re
sist
ant
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
12Al
l ste
p no
sing
s sh
all h
ave
colo
ur
cont
rast
with
the
sta
ir tr
eads
yes
yes
pref
erre
dye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
STAI
RS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission156
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
13W
here
nos
ings
pro
ject
, the
re
shal
l not
be
shar
p or
abr
upt
an
gles
tha
t pr
even
t th
e fo
ot
from
slid
ing
up t
he r
iser
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
14Th
e m
inim
um li
ght
leve
l on
a fli
ght
of s
tairs
sha
ll be
100
lx10
lx12
0 lx
150
lx10
0 lx
150
lx
Hor
izon
tal
Stri
ps15
Ther
e sh
all b
e a
horiz
onta
l str
ip
at t
he e
dge
of t
he t
read
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
16Th
ere
shal
l be
a ho
rizon
tal s
trip
at
the
edg
e of
the
tre
ad e
xten
ding
the
full
wid
th o
f th
e tr
ead
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
17Th
ere
shal
l be
a ho
rizon
tal s
trip
at
the
edg
e of
the
tre
ad w
ith
a de
pth
of50
±10
50 -
75
50 -
65
50 -
75
6050
±10
18Th
ere
shal
l be
a ho
rizon
tal s
trip
fir
st/l
ast
at t
he e
dge
of t
he t
read
tha
t is
st
ep t
o be
colo
ur c
ontr
aste
d w
ith t
he t
read
cl
early
and
riser
mar
ked
with
m
in. 4
0%ye
sco
ntra
stye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
19Th
ere
shal
l be
a ho
rizon
tal s
trip
at
the
edg
e of
the
tre
ad t
hat
is
slip
-res
ista
ntye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Han
drai
ls20
For
requ
irem
ents
for
hand
rails
at
stai
rs, s
ee s
ectio
n on
HAN
DRAI
LSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Dete
ctab
le W
arni
ng I
ndic
ator
s21
Dete
ctab
le w
arni
ng in
dica
tors
ne
ar t
hesh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed w
here
the
sta
irs
edge
of
are
not
encl
osed
yes
yes
land
ing
yes
yes
yes
22De
tect
able
war
ning
indi
cato
rs
min
. 40%
shal
l be
prov
ided
at
each
land
ing
cont
rast
on
near
the
in
corp
orat
ing
an e
ntra
nce
into
in
dica
tor
edge
at
a st
air
syst
emat
top
,to
p, b
otto
m,
bott
om a
ndin
term
edia
teye
sye
sea
ch la
ndin
gye
sye
sla
ndin
gsye
sye
sye
s
Canadian human rights commission 157
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
23De
tect
able
war
ning
indi
cato
rs
shal
l be
prov
ided
whe
re t
he
regu
lar
patt
ern
of a
sta
irway
is
brok
enye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
24De
tect
able
war
ning
indi
cato
rs
shal
l be
prov
ided
whe
re t
he
run
of a
land
ing
not
havi
ng a
co
ntin
uous
han
drai
l is
grea
ter
than
210
0 m
mye
sye
s
25De
tect
able
war
ning
sur
face
sha
ll ex
tend
the
ful
l wid
th o
f th
e st
air
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
26Th
e de
tect
able
war
ning
sur
face
60
0 m
in. a
t de
pth
at t
he t
op o
f st
airs
sha
ll be
800
top,
bot
tom
,(4
00 w
here
inte
rmed
iate
900
- 92
090
0no
t he
ad-o
n)80
030
0la
ndin
gs60
092
080
0
27Th
e de
tect
able
war
ning
sur
face
sh
all b
egin
one
tre
ad w
idth
bac
k 30
0 ba
ck a
tfro
m t
he s
tair
nosi
ng40
0 ba
ckto
p, b
otto
m,
from
inte
rmed
iate
yes
first
ste
pla
ndin
gsye
sye
s
28Se
e se
ctio
n on
DET
ECTA
BLE
WAR
NING
S fo
r ad
ditio
nal
requ
irem
ents
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Sign
age
29If
the
sta
ir is
loca
ted
in a
se
para
te s
tairw
ell,
it sh
all b
e id
entif
ied
with
tac
tile
sign
age
yes
yes
30If
the
sta
ir is
loca
ted
in a
se
para
te s
tairw
ell,
floor
s sh
all
be id
entif
ied
with
tac
tile
sign
age
yes
yes
31Em
erge
ncy
egre
ss s
tairs
sha
ll be
id
entif
ied
with
tac
tile
sign
age
yes
yes
32Fo
r ad
ditio
nal s
igna
ge
requ
irem
ents
, see
sec
tion
on S
IGNA
GEye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
STAI
RS (
from
pag
e 15
7)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission158
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Illu
min
atio
n33
Stai
rs s
hall
be w
ell i
llum
inat
ed s
o ye
s, 1
50 lx
,th
at t
hey
can
be e
asily
see
nm
in. 1
20 lx
,an
d an
d po
sitio
n po
sitio
ned
yes,
w
ithou
tw
ithou
tw
ith a
ca
usin
gca
usin
g ye
sye
sye
sm
in. 1
50 lx
shad
ow
yes
yes
shad
ows
Area
s of
Ref
uge
34Fo
r re
quire
men
ts re
gard
ing
area
s of
refu
ge in
or
adja
cent
to
a se
t of
sta
irs, s
ee s
ectio
n on
FIR
E SA
FETY
REG
ULAT
IONS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Wat
er A
ccum
ulat
ion
35Ex
terio
r st
airs
sha
ll be
des
igne
d to
avo
id w
ater
acc
umul
atio
nye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Canadian human rights commission 159
STAI
RSCO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1CS
AIn
ext
erio
r si
tuat
ions
and
on
wid
e st
airs
, a
hand
rail
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed n
ear
the
cent
re s
o th
at i
t ca
n be
eas
ily a
cces
sibl
e to
use
rs.
2CS
A, S
inga
pore
Stro
ngly
pat
tern
ed c
arpe
ts s
houl
d no
t be
use
d on
sta
irs.
3AD
AAG
Cons
ider
pro
vidi
ng v
isua
l con
tras
t on
tre
ad n
osin
gs,
or a
t th
e le
adin
g ed
ges
of t
read
s w
itho
ut n
osin
gs,
so t
hat
stai
r tr
eads
are
mor
e vi
sibl
e fo
r pe
ople
wit
h lo
w v
isio
n.
4Ba
ngla
desh
The
num
ber
deno
ting
the
flo
or s
hall
be a
t le
ast
72 m
m2 ,
cont
rast
ing
blac
k on
whi
te.
5Sw
eden
Stai
rs s
houl
d be
hav
e a
min
imum
wid
th o
f 12
00 m
m i
f th
ey a
re p
art
of a
n es
cape
rou
te f
rom
an
area
int
ende
d fo
r m
ore
than
150
peo
ple.
Sta
irs
wid
th s
houl
d be
suf
ficie
nt t
o al
low
str
etch
ers
to b
e sa
fely
car
ried.
6So
uth
Afric
aNo
doo
r sh
all o
pen
onto
a s
tair
way
unl
ess
the
door
ope
ns o
nto
a la
ndin
g.
7So
uth
Afric
aTh
e w
idth
of
the
land
ing
whe
re a
doo
r op
ens
onto
it
shal
l be
at le
ast
that
of
the
door
.
8So
uth
Afric
aAn
y la
ndin
g th
at s
erve
s tw
o fli
ghts
of
stai
rs i
n th
e sa
me
stra
ight
line
sha
ll ha
ve a
leng
th o
f at
leas
t 11
00 m
m a
nd b
e at
leas
t as
wid
e as
the
sta
irs.
9So
uth
Afric
aTh
e he
adro
om a
t an
y po
int
on a
ny s
tair
way
sha
ll be
at
leas
t 21
00 m
m m
easu
red
vert
ical
ly f
rom
the
pit
ch li
ne.
10So
uth
Afric
aTo
acc
omm
odat
e w
alki
ng-i
mpa
ired
peop
le,
low
ris
ers
and
wid
e tr
eads
are
pre
fera
ble.
11So
uth
Afric
aW
indo
ws
and
door
s sh
all n
ot o
pen
acro
ss a
wal
kway
, co
rrid
or,
stai
r or
ram
p so
tha
t th
ey o
bstr
uct
circ
ulat
ion.
12M
alay
sia
War
ning
sho
uld
be g
iven
of
any
obst
acle
or
haza
rd o
n th
e flo
or o
r w
alls
by
use
of c
ontr
asti
ng c
olou
rs.
In p
arti
cula
r co
ntra
stin
g co
lour
s as
wel
l as
chan
ges
of f
loor
tex
ture
sho
uld
be u
sed
at t
he b
egin
ning
and
end
of
a fli
ght
of s
tair
s.
13Si
ngap
ore
The
trea
ds a
nd w
alls
of
the
stai
rcas
e sh
ould
hav
e co
ntra
stin
g co
lour
s to
ale
rt p
erso
ns w
ith
visu
al i
mpa
irm
ents
of
the
pres
ence
of
step
s.
14Si
ngap
ore
Dete
ctab
le w
arni
ng s
urfa
ces
shal
l con
sist
of
floor
ing
mat
eria
l tha
t is
con
tras
ting
in
colo
ur w
ith
the
surr
ound
ing
floor
ing
mat
eria
l.
15Si
ngap
ore
Stai
rs s
houl
d be
illu
min
ated
to
a m
inim
um le
vel o
f 12
0 lu
x an
d be
pos
itio
ned
to p
rovi
de li
ghti
ng i
n bo
th d
irect
ions
of
trav
el w
itho
ut c
ausi
ng s
hado
ws
and
offe
ring
ade
quat
e co
ntra
st b
etw
een
trea
ds a
nd r
iser
s.
16Si
ngap
ore
Brig
ht s
tain
less
ste
el o
r po
lishe
d br
ass
shou
ld n
ot b
e us
ed f
or n
osin
g st
rips
.
Canadian human rights commission160
Canadian human rights commission 161
TELEPHONESAt least one telephone in every bank of telephones should be accessible to someone who uses a wheelchair, and one telephone accessible to someone who is Deaf or hard of hearing.
Public telephones should be equipped with volume control device (8) to ensure that they are accessibleto people who are hard of hearing, although this feature is generally appreciated by everybody,especially in a noisy environment. Australia and Canada require illumination (10) at a minimumof 200 lux beside the telephone. The maximum height for all operable parts of the telephone (12)varies from a minimum of 800 mm to a maximum of 1370 mm, with the height range of 750 - 900 mmfor telephones designed to be used by people who are seated.
The minimum clear floor space in front of a telephone (1) varies from 750 x 1200 mm to 1500 x 1000 mm,recommended by Sweden, with the best practice being 800 x 1300 mm. It is important that publictelephones be located along the accessible route and that they do not protrude from the wall (2). Thelength of the telephone handset cord (7) should be 1000 mm, as specified by Canada.
In some places, public telephones are now available with TTY’s incorporated into the payphone.Requirements of Canada, the U.S., Singapore address the need for a shelf for a TTY (teletypewriter) (16)so that people who are Deaf or hard of hearing are able to use the telephone. It is important toremember that sufficient room be provided for the shelf as well as above the shelf (22) to facilitatetyping and reading. Telephones equipped with either a TTY or volume control should display theaccess symbol for people who are Deaf or hard of hearing (24).
The U.S. points out that pay telephones equipped with a text telephone space (underneath thetelephone) cannot also be accessible to people who use wheelchairs as there is a conflict in the area for kneespace. Therefore a separate telephone for people who use a text telephone isrecommended. Uruguay recommends both visual, tactile and sound signaling for public telephones.
Clea
r Fl
oor
Spac
e1
The
min
imum
cle
ar f
loor
spa
ce in
90
0 x
1200
front
of
the
tele
phon
e fo
r th
e (b
ooth
kn
eesp
ace
for
a se
ated
per
son
open
ing
(whi
ch m
ay e
xten
d 48
0 m
m
1500
x 1
000
900
min
.,un
dern
eath
the
tel
epho
ne)
(plu
s 15
00 x
and
not
shal
l be
1500
out
side
rest
ricte
d by
750
x 12
0076
0 x
1220
boot
h)fix
ed s
eats
)80
0 x
1300
1200
x 8
5076
0 x
1370
800
x 13
00
Encl
osur
e2
Tele
phon
es a
nd e
nclo
sure
s sh
all
prot
rude
fro
m t
he w
all a
max
imum
sh
all n
otsh
all n
otdi
stan
ce o
f10
010
0pr
otru
de10
0pr
otru
de
3Te
leph
one
and
encl
osur
es m
ay
prot
rude
mor
e th
an 1
00 m
m f
rom
w
all i
f th
e en
clos
ure
is c
ane
dete
ctab
leye
sye
sye
s
4Th
e le
adin
g ed
ge o
f te
leph
ones
an
d en
clos
ures
are
a m
axim
um
heig
ht f
rom
the
flo
or o
f68
068
568
568
035
0
5Th
e di
stan
ce f
rom
the
edg
e
of t
he t
elep
hone
enc
losu
re
26
0 to
to t
he fa
ce o
f th
e te
leph
one
oper
able
un
it is
(si
de a
ppro
ach)
255
part
s25
525
5
6Th
e di
stan
ce f
rom
the
edg
e of
th
e te
leph
one
encl
osur
e to
the
fa
ce o
f th
e te
leph
one
unit
is
(fro
nt a
ppro
ach)
510
510
510
Han
dset
Cor
d7
Min
imum
leng
th o
f te
leph
one
hand
set
cord
sha
ll be
1000
735
900
735
750
1000
1000
Cont
rols
8Te
leph
ones
with
a v
olum
e co
ntro
l sh
all h
ave
a gr
adua
ted
volu
me
cont
rol
yes
yes
yes
9Is
the
re a
vol
ume
cont
rol o
n th
e te
leph
one
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
10M
inim
um li
ght
leve
l at
oper
atin
g co
ntro
ls, d
irect
ory
and
the
shel
f sh
all b
e20
0 lx
200
lx20
0 lx
200
lx
TELE
PHON
ES
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission162
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
11Th
e m
axim
um h
eigh
t of
ope
rabl
e pa
rts
(inc
ludi
ng c
oin
slot
) ab
ove
the
floor
for
a st
andi
ng p
erso
n sh
all b
e13
7012
0012
2080
0 -
1200
900
- 12
0013
7013
70
12Th
e m
axim
um h
eigh
t of
ope
rabl
e pa
rts
(inc
ludi
ng c
oin
slot
) ab
ove
the
floor
if t
elep
hone
is d
esig
ned
for
seat
ed p
erso
ns12
0012
0012
2012
0014
0010
00 -
110
080
0 -
1200
1100
1200
1000
- 1
100
13Fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r flo
or s
pace
, se
e se
ctio
n in
ANT
HROP
OMET
RICS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Knee
spac
e14
Min
imum
wid
th o
f cl
ear
kn
eesp
ace
unde
r a
tele
phon
e
for
a se
ated
per
son
750
760
680
800
900
800
760
800
15Te
leph
ones
for
seat
ed p
erso
ns
shal
l hav
e a
knee
cle
aran
ce h
eigh
t of
at
leas
t68
068
568
070
080
064
0 -
650
720
700
Shel
f16
A sh
elf
for
a TT
Y (t
elet
ypew
riter
) sh
all b
e re
quire
dye
sye
sye
sye
s
17M
axim
um s
helf
heig
ht a
bove
th
e flo
or68
0 -
730
865
700
- 80
070
0 -
800
18Th
e kn
ee c
lear
ance
hei
ght
unde
r te
leph
one
shel
f sh
all b
e68
0 -
730
685
680
min
.64
0 -
650
700
19A
leve
l pub
lic t
elep
hone
she
lf la
rge
enou
gh
shal
l hav
e a
min
imum
dep
th o
f30
035
0fo
r a
TTY
480
350
350
20A
leve
l pub
lic t
elep
hone
she
lf la
rge
enou
ghsh
all h
ave
a m
inim
um w
idth
of
450
250
for
a TT
Y25
045
0
21At
a p
ublic
tel
epho
ne w
here
no
tele
type
writ
er (
TTY)
or
text
te
leph
one
(TT)
is p
rovi
ded,
a
leve
l she
lf sh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed
larg
e en
ough
with
a m
inim
um c
lear
wid
th o
f22
525
0fo
r a
TTY
250
250
22Th
ere
shal
l be
a cl
ear
spac
e ab
ove
the
leve
l she
lf of
at
leas
t25
025
015
025
025
0
Canadian human rights commission 163
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
Sign
age/
Sym
bols
23W
here
dire
ctio
nal s
igna
ge t
o te
leph
ones
are
pro
vide
d th
ey
shal
l inc
lude
app
ropr
iate
sym
bols
of
acc
essi
bilit
yye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
24Te
leph
ones
with
a v
olum
e co
ntro
l sh
all b
e id
entif
ied
by t
he s
ymbo
l of
acc
essi
bilit
y fo
r pe
rson
s w
ho
are
hard
of
hear
ing
or D
eaf
yes
yes
yes
yes
25W
here
a t
elet
ypew
riter
(TT
Y) o
r te
xt t
elep
hone
(TT
) is
pro
vide
d at
a p
ublic
tel
epho
ne, i
t sh
all b
e id
entif
ied
by t
he s
ymbo
l for
a T
TYye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
TELE
PHON
ES (
from
pag
e 16
3)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission164
TELE
PHON
ESCO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
1CS
A, A
DAAG
Tele
phon
es w
ith
volu
me
cont
rol a
re u
sefu
l for
eve
ryon
e in
loca
tion
s w
ith
high
noi
se le
vels
. Vo
lum
e co
ntro
ls s
houl
d be
ins
talle
d at
any
pub
lic t
elep
hone
.
2CS
AIf
onl
y on
e te
leph
one
is p
rovi
ded,
it
shou
ld a
llow
for
ope
rati
on b
y a
seat
ed p
erso
n an
d by
a p
erso
n w
ho i
s ha
rd o
f he
arin
g or
Dea
f.
3CS
AIf
mor
e th
an o
ne t
elep
hone
is
prov
ided
, at
leas
t on
e sh
ould
be
for
oper
atio
n by
a s
eate
d pe
rson
, an
d at
leas
t on
e by
a p
erso
n w
ho i
s ha
rd o
f he
arin
g, d
eafe
ned,
or
Deaf
. If
mor
e th
an o
ne t
ype
of t
elep
hone
is
prov
ided
(e.
g. c
ard,
co
in,
inte
rnal
, ta
xi)
at le
ast
one
of e
ach
type
sho
uld
be p
rovi
ded
for
use
by b
oth
a se
ated
per
son
and
a ha
rd o
f he
arin
g or
Dea
f pe
rson
.
4CS
AAt
leas
t on
e pu
blic
tel
epho
ne e
quip
ped
wit
h a
TTY
(tel
etyp
ewri
ter)
or
TT (
text
tel
epho
ne)
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed i
n pu
blic
are
as.
5CS
AIf
onl
y on
e TT
Y or
TT
is p
rovi
ded
it s
houl
d be
loca
ted
at t
he t
elep
hone
for
a s
tand
ing
posi
tion
.
6CS
A, S
inga
pore
, IC
TAIf
a s
eat
is p
rovi
ded,
the
sea
t sh
ould
be
mov
eabl
e so
tha
t a
pers
on u
sing
a w
heel
chai
r ca
n ap
proa
ch a
nd u
se t
he t
elep
hone
.
7AD
AAG
A te
leph
one
wit
h a
TTY
inst
alle
d un
dern
eath
can
not
also
be
a w
heel
chai
r ac
cess
ible
tel
epho
ne b
ecau
se t
he r
equi
red
865
mm
min
imum
key
pad
heig
ht c
an c
ause
the
hig
hest
ope
rabl
e pa
rt o
f th
e te
leph
one
(usu
ally
the
coi
n sl
ot)
to e
xcee
d th
e m
axim
um p
erm
itte
d re
ach
rang
e.
8AD
AAG
Whi
le s
eats
are
not
req
uire
d at
TTY
’s, r
eadi
ng a
nd t
ypin
g at
a T
TY i
s m
ore
suit
ed t
o si
ttin
g th
an s
tand
ing.
9AD
AAG
Pay
tele
phon
es d
esig
nate
d to
acc
omm
odat
e a
port
able
tex
t te
leph
one
(TT)
or
tele
type
wri
ter
(TTY
) sh
all b
e eq
uipp
ed w
ith
a sh
elf
and
an e
lect
rical
out
let
wit
hin
or a
djac
ent
to t
he t
elep
hone
enc
losu
re.
10U
rugu
ayIn
a g
roup
of
publ
ic t
elep
hone
s, a
t le
ast
one
shou
ld h
ave
the
oper
able
con
trol
s at
a m
axim
um h
eigh
t of
140
0 m
m w
ith
visu
al,
tact
ile a
nd s
ound
sig
nalli
ng.
In c
ase
of a
tel
epho
ne i
nsid
e a
phon
e bo
oth,
the
min
imum
boo
th a
rea
shou
ld b
e 80
0 x
1200
mm
, w
ith
a fo
rwar
d ap
proa
ch s
pace
of
800
x 20
50 m
m.
11Si
ngap
ore
Tele
phon
e bo
oks
if p
rovi
ded
shal
l be
loca
ted
wit
hin
reac
h of
a w
heel
chai
r us
er.
12Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re p
ayph
ones
are
pro
vide
d at
leas
t on
e pa
ypho
ne s
hall
be m
ade
acce
ssib
le.
13So
uth
Afric
aW
here
ind
ucti
on lo
ops
or o
ther
ele
ctro
nic
aids
are
ins
talle
d, t
he i
nter
nati
onal
loop
sys
tem
(De
af)
sign
sha
ll be
dis
play
ed.
14IC
TATe
leph
one
head
sets
sho
uld
be a
vaila
ble
for
thos
e w
ho n
eed
them
whi
le t
alki
ng o
n a
tele
phon
e at
wor
ksta
tion
s.
15IC
TAPh
one
boot
hs s
houl
d be
rec
esse
d ou
t of
the
ped
estr
ian
rout
e.
Canadian human rights commission 165
Canadian human rights commission166
WASHROOMSAccessible signage on washroom doors is particularly important so that people with visualimpairments and others can identify the appropriate washroom.
All codes and standards require adequate manoeuvring space at washroom doors with an internal cleararea at the door (7), generally 1500 x 1500 mm. Two doors in a series is a common design practicethat should be avoided at washroom doors. The Philippines, Singapore, South Africa and Canadaspecifically mention that if the washroom is not accessible, signage (3) shall indicate the location ofthe nearest accessible washroom, with South Africa specifying that it not be more than 200 m away.
The minimal size of the toilet stall (8) varies from 1500 x 1500 mm in Bangladesh and the NationalBuilding Code of Canada to 2200 x 2200 mm in Sweden, and 1600 x 2000 mm in Australia. The bestpractice is considered by the Expert Panel to be 1700 x 1800 mm. An important requirement in the U.S.,Canada and Lebanon standards is the requirement that the toilet stall door align (10) with thetransfer space adjacent to the toilet. The minimal stall door opening varies (13) from 750 mm inLebanon to 900 mm, specified by Mexico, Singapore with the Canadian AFG at 950 mm. Many, but notall countries specify that the door open outward (15) and that there be a door pull (16).
The height of the toilet (23) varies considerably from country to country with the lowest range inCanada at 400 - 460 mm and the highest range in Australia from 460 - 480 mm. Generally, peoplewho use wheelchairs prefer to transfer at the same height as the seat of their wheelchair whereasolder people prefer a higher toilet seat height. It is important to locate the toilet at a distance thatwill facilitate use of the grab bars (27). The best practice suggests that the center line of the toiletshould be between 460 - 480 mm from the side wall. Clear space on the transfer side of the toilet (28)varies from 1200 x 800 mm in Uruguay to 750 x 800 mm in Spain whereas Sweden requires 900 mmon both sides.
Grab bars size is fairly uniform, mounted at a height (39) of 700 mm in Ireland and Bangladesh andas high as 915 mm in the U.S. and 950 mm in Lebanon. The length of the grab bar behind the toilet (49)ranges in length from 300 mm in Australia to 915 mm in the U.S., with the longer length preferred by the Expert Panel.
The height of the urinal (50) is specified by the U.S., Canada, Spain, the Philippines, Malaysia,Singapore and Australia, ranging from 430 - 510 mm. Most also require clear floor space (51) in frontof the urinal, and Canada, Mexico, Spain, Singapore and Australia also specifying grab bars (57)mounted vertically beside the urinal, a recent addition to accessibility guidelines.
The height of the lavatory (68) varies from a low of 760 mm in Mexico to a high of 865 mm in the U.S.with the best practice at 800 - 840 mm in Singapore, with a minimum kneespace under the lavatory (74)ranging from 640 mm in Australia to 700 mm in Spain. Offset pipes under the lavatory (77) and leverhandles (80) are recommended. The location of the toilet paper dispenser (96) ranges from a heightof 355 mm in the U.S. to a high of 1200 mm in Lebanon with the Expert Panel recommending aheight of 600 - 700 mm and below the grab bar, so that it does not interfere with the use of thegrab bar.
A minimal level of illumination (98) was specified at 200 lux by Australia, South Africa, Canada andSweden says the washroom should be well lighted.
Some valuable comments from Australia draw attention to the fact that people with disabilities makingtransfers onto toilets place greater than average shear force on seats and fittings and Singaporerecommends that light switch coats hooks and similar items contrast in colour with their backgrounds.
ICTA pointed out that the water temperature should be maintained above 50˚C to prevent bacterialgrowth. In addition, they recommend that a visual alarm be located in washrooms to alert peoplewho are Deaf or hard of hearing in the event of an emergency. Important to note is that partitionwalls do not provide adequate support for grab bars.
Deodorizers that emit perfume should be avoided as they can cause reactions in people withenvironmental sensitivities.
Canadian human rights commission 167
WAS
HRO
OMS
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Mai
n En
tran
ce D
oor
1Fo
r m
ain
entr
ance
doo
r re
quire
men
ts, s
ee s
ectio
n on
DOO
RSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Sign
age
2If
the
re is
no
door
at
a w
ashr
oom
en
tran
ce, t
he s
igna
ge s
hall
be
mou
nted
on
the
outs
ide
wal
ls
on b
oth
side
s of
the
ent
ranc
e op
enin
gye
sea
sily
foun
dye
s
3If
the
was
hroo
m is
not
acc
essi
ble,
ye
s, w
hich
th
e si
gnag
e sh
all i
ndic
ate
the
shou
ld n
otlo
catio
n of
the
nea
rest
acc
essi
ble
be m
ore
than
was
hroo
mye
s20
0 m
aw
ayye
sye
sye
s
4Fo
r fu
rthe
r si
gnag
e re
quire
men
tsat
was
hroo
m e
ntra
nces
, or
in
was
hroo
ms,
see
SIG
NAGE
sec
tion
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Floo
r Ar
ea5
A cl
ear
floor
are
a sh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed a
t th
e en
tran
ce d
oor
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
6Fo
r m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
requ
irem
ents
at
door
s, s
ee
DOOR
sec
tion
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
7M
inim
um in
tern
al c
lear
are
a at
di
amet
erth
e w
ashr
oom
ent
ranc
e do
or15
00 x
120
0of
120
015
00 x
150
015
00 x
150
015
00 x
150
015
25 x
160
015
00 x
150
0
8M
inim
um in
tern
al s
tall
1420
x 1
525
enou
ghle
ngth
x w
idth
(wal
l mou
nted
sp
ace
toile
t)to
tur
n 15
25 x
150
0
and
use
the
1500
x 1
600
1500
x 1
500
(flo
or m
ount
)17
00 x
170
022
00 x
220
016
00 x
160
015
00 x
150
017
00 x
180
0fa
cilit
ies
1500
x 1
750
1600
x 2
000
1500
x 1
500
1800
x 1
830
1700
x 1
800
Toile
t St
all
Door
9Is
the
sta
ll do
or lo
ck c
apab
le o
f be
ing
latc
hed
on t
he in
side
by
devi
ces
oper
able
with
one
han
d an
d w
ithou
t tig
ht g
rasp
ing,
pi
nchi
ng, o
r tw
istin
g of
the
wris
tye
sye
sye
sye
sye
spr
efer
red
yes
yes
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
10Th
e to
ilet
stal
l doo
r sh
all b
e al
igne
d w
ith t
he t
rans
fer
spac
e ad
jace
nt t
o th
e to
ilet
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
11Th
e to
ilet
stal
l doo
r sh
all b
e se
lf-cl
osin
g so
tha
t w
hen
at re
st,
the
door
will
be
ajar
to
an e
xten
t be
yond
the
jam
b by
not
mor
e th
an50
yes
yes
yes
12Th
e st
all d
oor
lock
(sl
idin
g bo
lt or
leve
r) re
quire
s a
forc
e to
ope
n of
no
mor
e th
an22
N22
N22
.2 N
22 N
19.5
N22
N19
.5 N
13M
inim
um s
tall
door
cle
ar o
peni
ng81
080
081
590
080
080
080
090
080
075
095
090
0
14M
inim
um c
lear
spa
ce in
fro
nt o
f th
e to
ilet
stal
l doo
r (s
ee D
OOR
sect
ion
for
mor
e in
form
atio
n on
en
tran
ce a
nd m
anoe
uvrin
g sp
ace
requ
irem
ents
)15
00 x
150
014
00 x
170
015
25 x
106
515
00 x
150
015
00 x
150
0ye
s12
00 x
120
015
10 x
175
016
00 x
137
015
00 x
150
0
15Do
es t
he d
oor
swin
g ou
twar
d un
less
add
ition
al s
pace
is p
rovi
ded
with
in t
he ro
om fo
r th
e do
or
swin
g sw
ing
to s
win
gye
sye
sye
sou
twar
dou
twar
dye
sye
sye
sye
s
16Do
es t
he in
side
toi
let
door
hav
e a
horiz
onta
l D-t
ype
door
pul
lye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
17Th
e in
side
toi
let
door
D-t
ype
door
pu
ll le
ngth
is a
t le
ast
140
140
600
140
18Th
e ce
ntre
line
of t
he D
-typ
e do
or
50 m
in. f
rom
50 m
in. f
rom
pu
ll on
the
insi
de o
f th
e st
all
near
the
latc
h si
de20
0 -
300
latc
h si
dedo
or is
loca
ted
from
the
hin
ge20
0 -
300
200
- 30
0la
tch
130
open
ing
from
hin
geop
enin
g
19Do
es t
he o
utsi
de o
f th
e to
ilet
do
or h
ave
a ho
rizon
tal D
-typ
e
door
pul
lye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
20On
the
out
side
of
the
stal
l doo
r ne
ar t
he la
tch
side
, the
re is
a
D-ty
pe d
oor
pull
with
a m
inim
um
leng
th o
f14
014
014
014
014
0
21Th
e ce
ntre
line
of t
he D
-typ
e do
or
pull
on t
he o
utsi
de o
f th
e st
all
near
the
ne
ar t
hene
ar t
hedo
or is
loca
ted
a di
stan
ce f
rom
ne
ar t
hela
tch
side
latc
h si
de
latc
h si
deth
e hi
nge
of12
0 -
220
latc
hof
the
doo
rof
the
doo
rof
the
doo
r
WAS
HRO
OMS
(fro
m p
age
167)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission168
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
22Ha
ve D
-typ
e pu
ll ha
ndle
s lo
cate
d ab
ove
the
floor
at
a he
ight
of
800
- 10
0086
5 -
1220
900
- 11
0090
0 -
1000
800
- 10
00
Toile
t Se
at a
nd F
lush
Con
trol
s23
Top
of t
oile
t se
at lo
cate
d ab
ove
the
floor
at
a he
ight
of
400
- 46
040
0 -
460
430
- 48
545
0 -
500
480
450
- 46
045
0 -
500
460
- 48
045
045
045
0 -
480
460
- 48
045
0 -
500
400
- 46
046
0 -
480
24Th
e to
ilet
seat
sha
ll no
t be
sp
ring
activ
ated
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
25If
no
seat
lid
or t
ank
the
toile
t sh
all h
ave
a ba
ck s
uppo
rtye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
26Th
e to
ilet
tank
top
sha
ll be
w
all m
ount
edse
cure
ly a
ttac
hed
toile
t is
yes
pref
erre
dye
sye
s
27To
ilet
loca
ted
from
cen
trel
ine
to
300
- to
ilet
adja
cent
wal
l a d
ista
nce
ofse
at o
utsi
de46
0 -
480
285
- 30
540
5 -
455
950
- 10
5045
0 -
500
edge
460
- 48
045
0 -
460
450
- 50
046
0 -
480
460
- 48
0
28Th
ere
shal
l be
a cl
ear
tran
sfer
90
0 w
ide
spac
e al
ong
the
clea
r si
de o
f th
e on
bot
h to
ilet
mea
sure
d fro
m t
he b
ack
side
s, fo
rw
all a
nd t
he e
dge
of t
he t
oile
t tr
ansf
er f
rom
800
(±10
)se
at o
f at
leas
t (d
epth
x w
idth
)15
00 x
900
1500
1200
x 8
00ei
ther
sid
e75
0 x
800
1500
x 6
50ye
s12
00 x
900
deep
900
x 15
0095
0 x
1830
900
x 15
00
29Th
e flu
sh c
ontr
ols
shal
l be
easi
ly
mou
nted
on
the
tran
sfer
sid
e ac
cess
ible
to
of t
he t
oile
ta
whe
elch
air
yes
yes
yes
user
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
30Th
e flu
sh c
ontr
ols
shal
l be
hand
ope
rate
d or
ele
ctro
nica
lly
cont
rolle
dye
sye
sye
sby
han
dye
sby
han
dye
sye
sby
han
dye
sye
s
31Th
e flu
sh c
ontr
ols
if ha
nd
not
requ
ireop
erat
ed s
hall
be o
f a
leve
r-ty
petig
htgr
aspi
ng,
flush
con
trol
pinc
hing
, or
or b
y la
rge
butt
on t
otw
istin
g of
yes
yes
yes
butt
onbe
ext
ende
dth
e w
rist
yes
yes
32Th
e flu
sh c
ontr
ols
to b
e m
ount
ed
abov
e th
e flo
or a
t a
heig
ht o
f40
0 -
1200
380
- 12
2040
0-14
0060
012
00 m
ax.
600
- 12
0060
0 -
1100
500
- 12
0040
0 -
1200
600
- 11
00
Grab
Bar
s Ge
nera
l33
Grab
bar
s sh
all b
e sl
ip-r
esis
tant
grab
bar
s ar
eye
sye
sre
quire
dye
sye
sye
sye
s
Canadian human rights commission 169
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
34Gr
ab b
ar d
iam
eter
to
be30
- 4
030
- 4
032
- 5
138
30 -
40
3232
35 -
45
30 -
40
30 -
40
30 -
40
30 -
40
35Sp
ace
betw
een
a w
all m
ount
ed
grab
bar
and
the
wal
l to
be35
- 4
535
- 4
538
45 -
55
4832
40 -
50
50 -
60
35 -
45
30 -
40
35 -
45
36Th
e gr
ab b
ars
shal
l be
inst
alle
d
to re
sist
a fo
rce
from
any
dire
ctio
n of
at
leas
t1.
3 kN
1.3
kN1.
112
kN1.
3 kN
1.1
kNfir
mly
fix
ed1.
3 kN
1.3
kN
37Gr
ab b
ars
and
the
adja
cent
su
rface
s sh
all b
e fre
e of
any
sh
arp
or a
bras
ive
elem
ents
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
38Gr
ab b
ars
shal
l not
rota
te w
ithin
th
eir
fittin
gsye
sye
sye
sye
s
39Ho
rizon
tal g
rab
bar
to b
e
840
- 92
0 m
ount
ed a
bove
the
flo
or
(230
abo
veat
a h
eigh
t of
750
- 85
084
0 -
920
840
- 91
580
070
070
0 -
750
800
700
740
- 78
080
0 -
810
850
- 95
0to
ilet
seat
)75
0 -
850
40M
inim
um n
umbe
r of
hor
izon
tal
2, a
fold
3 2
2gr
ab b
ars
to s
erve
a t
oile
tdo
wn
on
(4 in
(3
in
2 (o
ne o
nea
ch s
ide
indi
vidu
alin
divi
dual
(one
issi
de a
nd2
12
1of
toi
let
22
23
was
hroo
m)
was
hroo
m)
1“L
” sh
aped
)on
e be
hind
)
41Th
e gr
ab b
ar o
n th
e si
de w
all i
s ex
tend
ing
atex
tend
loca
ted
a m
axim
um d
ista
nce
from
le
ast
450
in15
0 in
the
rear
wal
l of
front
of
the
front
of
300
305
350
380
400
toile
t se
at50
- 6
0to
ilet
seat
350
42Th
e gr
ab b
ar s
hall
be lo
cate
d on
th
e si
de w
all c
lose
st t
o th
e to
ilet
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
43Th
e gr
ab b
ar o
n th
e si
de w
all
200
ex
tend
s in
fro
nt o
f to
ilet
at le
ast
(if
“L”
shap
ed,
exte
nds
300
long
45˚
from
the
rear
bend
to
wal
l at
vert
ical
and
450
450
leas
t 13
7020
030
0 30
0 lo
ng)
300
450
100
- 15
015
045
0
44An
add
ition
al v
ertic
al g
rab
bar
yes
- sh
all b
e lo
cate
d on
the
sid
e w
all
optio
nal
yes
yes
yes
requ
ired
yes
45An
add
ition
al v
ertic
al g
rab
bar
loca
ted
on t
he s
ide
wal
l sha
ll ha
ve a
min
imum
leng
th o
f60
060
040
0 -
500
700
600
WAS
HRO
OMS
(fro
m p
age
169)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission170
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
46A
vert
ical
gra
b ba
r lo
cate
d on
the
si
de w
all i
s op
tiona
l and
sho
uld
45
0 15
0 be
loca
ted
a m
axim
um d
ista
nce
(v
ertic
al(v
ertic
alin
fro
nt o
f th
e to
ilet
of25
020
0ba
r re
quire
d)20
0 -
250
bar
requ
ired)
250
47Ve
rtic
al g
rab
bar
loca
ted
on t
he
bott
om 2
30
side
wal
l sho
uld
be lo
cate
d at
a
bott
omab
ove
bott
om
heig
ht a
bove
the
flo
or o
f90
0 -
1500
at 8
0085
0 -
1300
900
- 10
00to
ilet
seat
at 8
00
48A
grab
bar
sha
ll be
loca
ted
on
next
to
the
wal
l beh
ind
the
toile
tto
ilet,
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
tran
sfer
sid
eye
sye
sye
s
49Th
e le
ngth
of
the
grab
bar
lo
cate
d on
the
wal
l beh
ind
and
cent
red
on t
he t
oile
t is
at
leas
t60
045
091
560
075
075
030
060
091
5
Uri
nal
and
Flus
h Co
ntro
ls
50Th
e w
all h
ung
urin
al lo
wer
rim
he
ight
abo
ve t
he f
loor
is n
ot
mor
e th
an43
048
8 -
512
430
300
- 40
048
040
040
045
048
8 -
510
400
51M
inim
um c
lear
floo
r spa
ce in
fron
t of
and
cen
tred
on
the
urin
al is
750
x 12
0076
0 x
1220
750
x 12
0075
0 x
1300
750
x 12
0080
0 x
1300
760
x 13
7080
0 x
1300
52Th
e ap
proa
ch t
o th
e ur
inal
is
unob
stru
cted
by
chan
ges
in f
loor
no
cha
nges
le
vel o
r by
priv
acy
scre
ens
yes
yes
in f
loor
leve
lye
sye
sye
s
53Th
e ur
inal
sha
ll be
adj
acen
t to
an
acce
ssib
le ro
ute
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
54Th
e ur
inal
flu
sh c
ontr
ols
shal
l be
ope
rate
d by
one
han
d w
ithou
t tig
ht g
rasp
ing,
pin
chin
g,
or t
wis
ting
of t
he w
rist
or b
e au
tom
atic
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
55Th
e ur
inal
flu
sh c
ontr
ols
shal
l be
loca
ted
abov
e th
e flo
or n
o m
ore
than
1200
1220
1400
1200
1200
1120
1120
56Th
e ur
inal
flu
sh c
ontr
ols
shal
l be
oper
ated
by
a fo
rce
less
tha
n22
N22
.2 N
22 N
22 N
22 N
Uri
nal
Grab
Bar
s57
Ther
e ar
e gr
ab b
ars
mou
nted
ve
rtic
ally
on
the
back
wal
l on
eith
er s
ide
of t
he u
rinal
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Canadian human rights commission 171
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
58Ea
ch g
rab
bar
mou
nted
ver
tical
ly
on t
he b
ack
wal
l on
eith
er s
ide
of
the
urin
al h
as a
leng
th o
f le
ast
600
yes
500
300
600
59Ea
ch g
rab
bar
mou
nted
ver
tical
ly
on t
he b
ack
wal
l on
eith
er s
ide
of
the
urin
al is
fro
m t
he c
entr
elin
e of
the
urin
al n
o m
ore
than
380
350
380
380
60Th
e lo
wer
end
of
the
vert
ical
gra
b ba
rs o
n ei
ther
sid
e of
the
urin
al
1000
to
are
mou
nted
at
a he
ight
abo
ve t
hece
ntre
line
offlo
or o
f60
0 -
650
750
1200
1000
grab
bar
600
- 65
0
Uri
nal
Vert
ical
Mar
kers
61Ur
inal
s sh
all h
ave
vert
ical
mar
kers
ce
ntre
d on
and
abo
ve t
he u
rinal
yes
no
62Ur
inal
ver
tical
mar
kers
sha
ll be
no
wid
er t
han
50n/
a
63Ur
inal
ver
tical
mar
kers
sha
ll be
ra
ised
abo
ve t
he s
urro
undi
ng w
all
surfa
ce a
t le
ast
3n/
a
64Ur
inal
ver
tical
mar
kers
sha
ll be
col
our
cont
rast
ed f
rom
the
su
rroun
ding
wal
l sur
face
by
no le
ss t
han
70%
n/a
65Ur
inal
ver
tical
mar
kers
sha
ll ex
tend
abo
ve t
he t
op o
f th
e ur
inal
not
less
tha
n15
0n/
a
66Ur
inal
ver
tical
mar
kers
whe
re
appl
icab
le s
hall
exte
nd a
bove
the
to
p of
the
urin
al t
o a
poin
t ab
ove
the
finis
hed
floor
of
at le
ast
1300
n/a
Lava
tory
67
Min
imum
dis
tanc
e be
twee
n th
e ce
ntre
line
of t
he la
vato
ry a
nd t
hesi
de w
all i
s46
046
046
046
0 -
480
450
460
460
68Th
e la
vato
ry t
op s
hall
be lo
cate
d su
itabl
yat
a h
eigh
t ab
ove
the
floor
of
810
- 86
086
586
576
0 -
800
900
loca
ted
800
800
- 85
083
0 m
ax.
800
800
- 84
077
0 -
800
800
- 85
082
0 -
840
800
- 85
0
WAS
HRO
OMS
(fro
m p
age
171)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission172
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
69M
inim
um c
lear
spa
ce in
fro
nt o
f a
lava
tory
is (
of w
hich
a m
axim
umof
480
mm
in d
epth
may
be
unde
r th
e la
vato
ry)
750
x 12
0076
0 x
1220
1350
x 1
350
800
x 12
0075
0 x
1300
750
x 12
0080
0 x
1000
750
x 12
0076
0 x
1370
760
x 13
70
70M
inim
um f
ront
apr
on o
f la
vato
ry
vani
ty c
lear
ance
wid
th75
076
076
080
080
075
060
070
076
076
0
71M
inim
um f
ront
apr
on o
f la
vato
ry
vani
ty h
as a
kne
e cl
eara
nce
heig
ht o
f72
073
573
570
068
072
065
0 -
700
685
700
72M
inim
um w
idth
of
knee
spac
e75
076
076
080
075
060
070
076
080
0
73M
inim
um d
epth
of
knee
spac
e20
020
520
525
050
020
030
020
525
0
74M
inim
um k
nees
pace
hei
ght
unde
r la
vato
ry s
hall
be68
068
568
570
065
070
068
064
0 -
650
650
685
685
75M
inim
um a
dditi
onal
lava
tory
to
e sp
ace
with
kne
e he
ight
at
680
mm
und
er la
vato
ry w
ith
dept
h of
230
150
150
230
190
- 20
022
523
0
76M
inim
um a
dditi
onal
lava
tory
toe
sp
ace
heig
ht23
023
023
023
029
023
029
0
77Th
e la
vato
ry h
as t
he h
ot w
ater
or
set
up
and
drai
n pi
pes
offs
et t
o th
e re
arto
pro
tect
ag
ains
tye
sye
sco
ntac
tye
sye
sye
sye
s
78If
hot
wat
er a
nd d
rain
pip
es
abou
t th
e cl
eara
nces
und
er a
la
vato
ry t
hey
shal
l be
insu
late
dye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
79Th
e w
ater
tem
pera
ture
of
the
wat
er s
uppl
ied
to t
he la
vato
ry
shal
l be
ther
mos
tatic
ally
co
ntro
lled
yes
yes
yes
80La
vato
ry fa
ucet
s an
d ot
her
cont
rols
sha
ll be
leve
r-ty
pe,
oper
able
with
a c
lose
d fis
t or
are
the
y el
ectr
onic
ally
co
ntro
lled
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
81La
vato
ry fa
ucet
s sh
all b
e le
ver
type
with
a m
inim
um d
ista
nce
betw
een
the
cent
re o
f ro
tatio
n to
the
han
dle
tip o
f at
leas
t75
150
75
Canadian human rights commission 173
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
82La
vato
ry fa
ucet
s sh
all n
ot b
e if
sprin
gsp
ring
load
edlo
aded
rem
ain
open
yes
10 s
min
. ye
sye
sye
sye
s
83Ha
nd o
pera
ted
met
erin
g fa
ucet
s sh
all r
emai
n op
en fo
r a
min
imum
tim
e of
10 s
10 s
Wat
er T
empe
ratu
re84
The
wat
er t
empe
ratu
re s
uppl
ied
shal
l not
exc
eed
55˚C
49˚C
40˚C
43˚C
55˚C
85Th
e w
ater
tem
pera
ture
sup
plie
d sh
all b
e th
erm
osta
tical
ly
cont
rolle
d or
con
trol
led
by a
pres
sure
equ
aliz
ing
valv
eye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Acce
ssor
ies
86At
leas
t on
e of
eac
h ty
pe o
f w
ashr
oom
acc
esso
ry s
hall
be
prov
ided
with
its
oper
able
par
ts
and
cont
rols
loca
ted
abov
e th
e flo
or a
max
imum
hei
ght
of12
0012
0012
0010
0012
00ea
sy t
o re
ach
1200
900
- 11
0012
0090
0 -
1200
1200
Coat
Hoo
k 87
Max
imum
coa
t ho
ok h
eigh
t ab
ove
suita
bly
the
floor
1200
1200
1220
loca
ted
easy
to
reac
h13
0012
00 -
135
012
0012
00
88M
axim
um c
oat
hook
pro
ject
ion
from
wal
l40
5040
5040
89Co
at h
ook
to b
e m
ount
ed
on a
sid
e w
all o
f th
e to
ilet
stal
lye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Mir
ror
90At
leas
t on
e m
irror
is m
ount
ed
820
with
its
bott
om e
dge
abov
e th
e su
itabl
y (a
t to
pflo
or n
o m
ore
than
1000
1000
1015
900
loca
ted
of s
ink)
easy
to
reac
h10
0090
010
0010
0090
0
Soap
Dis
pens
er91
Whe
re a
soa
p di
spen
ser
is
1220
pr
ovid
ed a
t an
acc
essi
ble
lava
tory
(n
o co
unte
r)
it sh
all b
e lo
cate
d no
hig
her
off
1120
su
itabl
yth
e flo
or t
han
1100
1200
(ove
rcou
nter
)12
00lo
cate
dea
sy t
o re
ach
1000
- 1
200
900
- 11
0012
0090
0 -
1200
900
- 11
00
WAS
HRO
OMS
(fro
m p
age
173)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission174
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
92W
here
a s
oap
disp
ense
r is
pr
ovid
ed a
t an
acc
essi
ble
lava
tory
it
shal
l be
oper
able
with
one
ha
nd t
o di
spen
se s
oap
on t
he
suita
ble
palm
of
that
han
dye
sde
sign
yes
93W
here
a s
oap
disp
ense
r is
pr
ovid
ed a
t an
acc
essi
ble
lava
tory
it
shal
l be
loca
ted
with
in t
he
plac
ed in
plac
ed in
m
axim
um re
ach
of a
per
son
seat
edcl
ose
acce
ssib
le t
ocl
ose
at a
lava
tory
(fro
m t
he f
ront
of
prox
imity
to
whe
elch
air
prox
imity
to
the
lava
tory
) of
500
yes
easy
to
reac
hth
e ba
sin
user
the
basi
n
Shel
f94
Min
imum
she
lf or
cou
nter
leng
th
and
wid
th20
0 x
400
200
x 40
0no
t al
low
ed20
0 x
400
95A
shel
f sh
all b
e lo
cate
d ab
ove
820,
and
th
e flo
or n
o hi
gher
tha
nfit
ted
to12
0010
15 -
122
0th
e ba
sin
900
- 11
0090
0 -
1100
900
- 11
00
Toile
t Pa
per
Disp
ense
r96
The
toile
t pa
per
disp
ense
r sh
all
50 -
250
be lo
cate
d so
tha
t th
e di
spen
sing
ab
ove
700
with
hei
ght
600
- 70
0of
the
pap
er is
at
a he
ight
abo
ve
suita
bly
the
top
top
of
50 -
120
0an
d be
low
the
floor
of
600
- 70
035
5 -
485
loca
ted
easy
acc
ess
easy
to
reac
hw
ithin
reac
hof
toi
let
seat
toile
t se
at
from
flo
orgr
ab b
ar
97Th
e to
ilet
pape
r di
spen
ser
shal
l 30
0 m
ax.
be lo
cate
d so
tha
t th
e di
spen
sing
fro
m t
he
180
- 23
0 of
the
pap
er is
in li
ne w
ith t
he
front
toi
let
in f
ront
fro
nt o
f th
e to
ilet
seat
180
- 23
0ed
ge a
nd
of t
oile
tin
fro
ntbe
low
and
belo
wye
sof
toi
let
grab
bar
yes
grab
bar
Illu
min
atio
n98
The
min
imum
illu
min
atio
n le
vel i
n w
ashr
oom
s at
ope
ratin
g co
ntro
ls w
here
read
ing
is
nece
ssar
y20
0 lx
wel
l lig
hted
100
lx20
0 lx
200
lx10
0 lx
200
lx
99Th
e m
inim
um il
lum
inat
ion
leve
l in
was
hroo
ms
at o
pera
ting
cont
rols
100
lx20
0 lx
200
lx10
0 lx
200
lx20
0 lx
200
lx
Canadian human rights commission 175
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
Sign
age/
Visu
al D
ispl
ays
100
Info
rmat
ion
on v
isua
l di
spla
ys s
hall
be lo
cate
d
be c
lear
lyon
a g
lare
-fre
e su
rface
yes
visi
ble
yes
101
Info
rmat
ion
on v
isua
l dis
play
s ha
ve t
actil
esh
all b
e su
pple
men
ted
by t
actil
efin
ishe
s an
d/or
aud
itory
info
rmat
ion
and
the
Inte
rnat
iona
lSy
mbo
l of
yes
Acce
ss
yes
102
Info
rmat
ion
on v
isua
l dis
play
s sh
all b
e co
lour
con
tras
ted
yes
yes
yes
WAS
HRO
OMS
(fr
om p
age
175)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission176
WAS
HRO
OMS
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1CS
AA
full
leng
th m
irro
r sh
ould
not
be
inst
alle
d w
here
it
wou
ld r
efle
ct i
nto
the
path
of
trav
el.
The
use
of t
ilted
mir
rors
sho
uld
also
be
avoi
ded.
2CS
AEn
tran
ces
wit
hout
doo
rs a
re e
asie
r fo
r ev
eryo
ne t
o us
e. I
f a
was
hroo
m h
as d
oors
, a
sing
le d
oor
is p
refe
rabl
e to
tw
o do
ors
in s
erie
s.
3CS
AAc
cess
orie
s su
ch a
s to
wel
dis
pens
ers
and
was
te r
ecep
tacl
es s
houl
d be
pla
ced
clos
e to
the
lava
tory
and
not
pro
trud
e in
to t
he p
ath
of t
rave
l.
4AD
AAG
Conv
enie
nce
fixt
ures
suc
h as
bab
y ch
angi
ng t
able
s m
ust
be a
cces
sibl
e to
peo
ple
wit
h di
sabi
litie
s as
wel
l as
to o
ther
use
rs.
How
ever
, th
e m
anoe
uvri
ng s
pace
at
the
toile
t ca
nnot
be
obst
ruct
ed b
y th
e ba
by c
hang
ing
tabl
es o
r ot
her
fixt
ures
or
conv
enie
nces
.
5Au
stra
liaPe
ople
wit
h di
sabi
litie
s m
akin
g tr
ansf
ers
from
whe
elch
airs
to
toile
t se
ats
will
pla
ce g
reat
er t
han
aver
age
shea
r fo
rces
on
seat
s an
d fi
ttin
gs.
6Au
stra
liaA
unis
ex w
ashr
oom
is
reco
mm
ende
d in
are
as u
sed
by t
he g
ener
al p
ublic
, e.
g. s
hopp
ing
cent
res,
hot
els
and
the
like
whe
re a
per
son
wit
h a
disa
bilit
y m
ay b
e ac
com
pani
ed b
y a
mem
ber
of t
he o
ppos
ite
sex.
Acc
ess
to t
he f
acili
ty s
houl
d no
t ne
cess
itat
e tr
aver
sing
an
area
res
erve
d fo
r on
e se
x on
ly.
(See
sec
tion
on
INDI
VIDU
AL W
ASH
ROOM
S fo
r m
ore
info
rmat
ion
on u
nise
x w
ashr
oom
s.)
7Si
ngap
ore
Grab
bar
s sh
ould
con
tras
t w
ith
the
colo
ur o
f th
e ba
ckgr
ound
to
aid
visi
bilit
y.
8Si
ngap
ore
Priv
acy
shie
lds
exte
ndin
g be
yond
the
fro
nt e
dge
of t
he u
rina
l rim
req
uire
a m
inim
um c
lear
wid
th o
f 75
0 m
m.
9Si
ngap
ore
A ch
ild p
rote
ctio
n se
at s
houl
d be
pro
vide
d in
one
of
the
wat
er c
lose
t co
mpa
rtm
ents
in
both
mal
e an
d fe
mal
e w
ashr
oom
s to
allo
w p
aren
ts t
o se
at t
heir
bab
y sa
fely
in
the
rest
room
wit
h th
em.
10Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re a
Fam
ily R
oom
is
not
prov
ided
, a
diap
er c
hang
ing
stat
ion
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed i
n bo
th t
he m
ale
and
fem
ale
was
hroo
ms
or i
n in
divi
dual
was
hroo
ms
for
pers
ons
wit
h di
sabi
litie
s, s
o th
at b
oth
fath
ers
and
mot
hers
can
use
th
e fa
cilit
y.
11Si
ngap
ore
If t
he d
iape
r ch
angi
ng s
tati
ons
are
to b
e lo
cate
d in
sta
lls,
a fo
ld d
own
type
sta
tion
is
reco
mm
ende
d to
sav
e sp
ace
and
to a
void
cau
sing
an
obst
ruct
ion
to w
heel
chai
r us
ers.
12Si
ngap
ore
Ligh
t sw
itch
es,
coat
hoo
ks a
nd s
imila
r it
ems
shou
ld c
ontr
ast
stro
ngly
wit
h th
eir
back
grou
nds.
13Si
ngap
ore,
CSA
Stal
ls s
houl
d be
equ
ippe
d w
ith
a w
ater
proo
f em
erge
ncy
call
butt
on o
r pu
ll co
rd f
or a
ctiv
atin
g th
e be
ll. I
t sh
ould
be
conv
enie
ntly
acc
essi
ble
(nea
r th
e to
ilet
and
the
sink
), lo
cate
d 40
0 -
600
mm
abo
ve t
he f
loor
, an
d ha
ve a
col
our
that
is
cont
rast
ing
wit
h th
e ba
ckgr
ound
. Th
ere
shou
ld b
e a
noti
ce s
tati
ng “
Emer
genc
y Ca
ll”,
prom
inen
tly
affi
xed
next
to
the
push
but
ton
or p
ull c
ord.
Som
eone
sho
uld
be a
vaila
ble
at a
ll ti
mes
to
resp
ond
to t
he e
mer
genc
y ca
ll.
14So
uth
Afric
aIt
is
desi
rabl
e to
hav
e la
vato
ries
set
in a
cou
nter
, la
vato
ries
on p
edes
tals
are
not
rec
omm
ende
d.
15Sw
eden
The
abili
ty f
or p
eopl
e w
ith
hear
ing
impa
irm
ents
to
be m
ade
awar
e of
em
erge
ncy
alar
ms
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
.
16IC
TATo
ilets
wit
h au
tom
atic
flu
sher
s sh
ould
pro
vide
suf
ficie
nt t
ime
and
flexi
bilit
y of
mov
emen
t, t
o pr
even
t pr
emat
ure
acti
vati
on w
hile
the
toi
let
is s
till
in u
se.
17IC
TATh
e w
ater
tem
pera
ture
sho
uld
be m
aint
aine
d ab
ove
50˚C
to
prev
ent
bact
eria
l gro
wth
in
the
wat
er s
yste
m.
18IC
TAAn
add
itio
nal c
oat
hook
can
be
inst
alle
d at
140
0 m
m a
bove
the
flo
or.
19IC
TAVi
sual
ala
rms
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed i
n th
e w
ashr
oom
to
aler
t De
af a
nd h
ard
of h
eari
ng p
eopl
e, i
n th
e ev
ent
of a
n em
erge
ncy.
20IC
TAGr
ab b
ars
shou
ld n
ot b
e in
stal
led
on p
arti
tion
wal
ls,
as t
hey
do n
ot p
rovi
de a
dequ
ate
load
bea
ring
sup
port
.
21Le
bano
n U
NTh
e sp
ace
betw
een
the
two
taps
/fau
cets
sho
uld
not
be le
ss t
han
200
mm
.
22Le
bano
n U
N,
Sout
h Af
rica
The
left
tap
/fau
cet
shou
ld b
e co
nnec
ted
to t
he h
ot w
ater
sup
ply.
Canadian human rights commission 177
Canadian human rights commission178
INDIVIDUAL WASHROOMSIndividual accessible washrooms can be used by both men, women and children and provide adequate room for an attendant or family members.
An individual washroom is recommended in areas of a facility where a person with a disability may be accompanied by a member of the opposite sex. Responding to the need for more universallydesigned facilities, individual accessible washrooms are increasingly being incorporated intopublic buildings.
The clear opening of the washroom door (4) varies from 750 mm in South Africa to 950 mm in theLondon AFG Guidelines. As the individual washroom is designed to accommodate someone who may be accompanied by a caregiver, the Expert Panel recommends a best practice of 900 mm for the clearwidth of the door.
The size of the room (9) varies from country to country, with 1500 x 2000 mm in Ireland,1600 x 2000 mm in Australia and 2280 x 2290 mm in AFG Guidelines. The AFG Guideline has beenprepared to accommodate people who use large power wheelchairs and scooters. The selected bestpractice is 1800 x 1700 mm, as specified by South Africa. Many individual washrooms incorporatetwo or more fixtures to make it easier for everyone to use them.
Technical specifications for the sink, toilet, lavatory and accessories are outlined in the Washroomsection.
Singapore specifies that there be at least one individual washroom at every level of a building wheretoilets are required. The Canadian Standard recommends that, where several individual washroom areprovided in different locations, the toilet should be located with the transfer space on alternatesides to accommodate the greatest number of people.
Canadian human rights commission 179
INDI
VIDU
AL W
ASH
ROOM
S
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Gene
ral
1Th
e w
ashr
oom
sha
ll pr
ovid
e la
vato
ry
one
toile
t an
d on
e la
vato
ryan
d ei
ther
a
wat
er
2 to
ilets
clos
etor
1 t
oile
t +
pan
or b
ath
yes
yes
1 ur
inal
yes
or s
how
erye
sye
sye
sye
s
Mai
n Do
or H
ardw
are
2Th
e w
ashr
oom
doo
r lo
ck s
hall
be
oper
able
with
one
han
d, w
ithou
t tig
ht g
rasp
ing,
pin
chin
g, o
r tw
istin
g of
the
wris
tye
sye
sye
spr
efer
red
yes
yes
3Th
e w
ashr
oom
doo
r lo
ck re
quire
s an
ope
ning
forc
e of
no
mor
e th
an22
N22
.2 N
22 N
19.5
N22
N19
.5 N
4Th
e m
inim
um c
lear
ope
ning
for
mai
n w
ashr
oom
doo
r sh
all b
e81
080
081
575
080
090
080
075
095
090
0
5Th
e do
or s
hall
be e
quip
ped
with
ye
s, 1
50 m
ma
leve
r-ty
pe k
nob
yes
yes
long
yes
pref
erre
dye
sye
s
6Th
e w
ashr
oom
doo
r sh
all b
e op
erab
le f
rom
the
out
side
und
er
emer
genc
y co
nditi
ons
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
7Fo
r en
tran
ce d
oor
requ
irem
ents
fo
r th
e in
divi
dual
was
hroo
m,
see
sect
ion
on W
ASHR
OOM
Sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Floo
r Ar
ea8
The
min
imum
flo
or a
rea
shal
l no
t be
less
tha
n3.
5 m
23
m2
2.25
m2
3 m
2
9M
inim
um le
ngth
x d
epth
of
was
hroo
m b
etw
een
wal
ls s
hall
be17
00 x
170
017
00 x
170
015
00 x
200
018
00 x
170
015
00 x
150
017
00 x
170
017
50 x
175
016
00 x
200
015
00 x
150
022
80 x
229
018
00 x
170
0
Grab
Bar
s10
For
requ
irem
ents
for
grab
bar
s,
see
WAS
HROO
M s
ectio
nye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Lava
tory
11Fo
r la
vato
ry re
quire
men
ts, s
ee
WAS
HROO
M s
ectio
nye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
Toile
ts a
nd F
lush
Con
trol
s12
For
requ
irem
ents
for
toile
t
seat
and
flu
sh c
ontr
ols,
see
W
ASHR
OOM
sec
tion
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Acce
ssor
ies
13Fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r ac
cess
orie
s (s
oap
disp
ense
r, co
at h
ook,
mirr
or,
shel
f, to
ilet
pape
r di
spen
ser)
, se
e th
ose
area
s in
the
WAS
HROO
M
sect
ion
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Sign
age/
Visu
al D
ispl
ays
14Fo
r in
form
atio
n on
vis
ual
disp
lays
/sig
nage
, see
WAS
HROO
M
sect
ion
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Illu
min
atio
n15
For
info
rmat
ion
on w
ashr
oom
ill
umin
atio
n, s
ee W
ASHR
OOM
se
ctio
nye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
INDI
VIDU
AL W
ASH
ROOM
S (
from
pag
e 17
9)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission180
INDI
VIDU
AL W
ASH
ROOM
SCO
MM
ENTS
No.
Docu
men
tCo
mm
ents
Canadian human rights commission 181
1CS
A, S
inga
pore
Wal
l-hu
ng t
oile
ts a
re p
refe
rred
bec
ause
the
y pr
ovid
e ad
diti
onal
spa
ce a
t to
e le
vel.
2CS
ARe
cess
ed t
oile
t pa
per
disp
ense
rs a
re p
refe
rred
whe
n us
ing
bulk
dis
pens
ers,
sin
ce d
ispe
nser
s th
at i
nter
fere
wit
h th
e ef
fect
ive
use
of t
he g
rab
bars
are
not
rec
omm
ende
d.
3CS
A, S
outh
Afr
ica
It i
s de
sira
ble
to h
ave
lava
torie
s se
t in
a c
ount
er;
lava
torie
s on
ped
esta
ls a
re n
ot r
ecom
men
ded.
4CS
ALa
vato
ries
that
are
sha
llow,
wit
h a
goos
e-ne
ck f
auce
t ar
e no
t re
com
men
ded.
5CS
ATh
e fa
ucet
leve
r in
the
off
pos
itio
n sh
ould
be
angl
ed t
o th
e fr
ont.
6CS
AA
full-
leng
th m
irro
r sh
ould
not
be
inst
alle
d w
here
it
wou
ld r
efle
ct i
nto
the
path
of
trav
el.
The
use
of t
ilted
mir
rors
sho
uld
also
be
avoi
ded.
7CS
AIn
divi
dual
was
hroo
ms
shou
ld b
e id
enti
fied
by a
sig
n de
noti
ng a
man
, a
wom
an,
and
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Sym
bol o
f Ac
cess
ibili
ty.
8CS
AIn
ind
ivid
ual w
ashr
oom
s, e
nsur
e th
at t
here
is
a cl
ear
area
aro
und
the
toile
t, a
dequ
ate
for
the
tran
sfer
ring
nee
ds o
f a
pers
on a
nd t
heir
per
sona
l car
e as
sist
ant.
9CS
AW
here
sev
eral
ind
ivid
ual w
ashr
oom
s ar
e pr
ovid
ed i
n di
ffer
ent
loca
tion
s, i
t is
des
irabl
e to
loca
te t
he t
oile
t w
ith
the
tran
sfer
spa
ce o
n al
tern
ate
side
s in
ord
er t
o ac
com
mod
ate
the
pref
erre
d tr
ansf
er s
ide.
10Ir
elan
dIf
the
re a
re o
nly
2 un
isex
wat
er c
lose
ts,
ensu
re a
t le
ast
one
is a
cces
sibl
e.
11Sw
eden
The
abili
ty f
or p
eopl
e w
ith
hear
ing
impa
irm
ents
to
be m
ade
awar
e of
em
erge
ncy
alar
ms
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
.
12So
uth
Afric
aTh
e ex
terio
r do
or s
hall
be f
itte
d w
ith
a su
itab
le m
eans
of
indi
cati
ng w
heth
er t
he c
ompa
rtm
ent
is o
ccup
ied.
13Si
ngap
ore
The
tow
el a
nd s
oap
disp
ense
rs,
hand
dry
er,
was
te b
in,
sani
tary
bin
, lig
ht s
wit
ches
, co
at h
ooks
and
oth
er a
cces
sorie
s sh
all c
ontr
ast
in c
olou
r an
d to
ne w
ith
thei
r ba
ckgr
ound
.
14Si
ngap
ore
Acce
ssor
ies
shou
ld b
e pl
aced
in
clos
e pr
oxim
ity
to t
he a
cces
sibl
e ba
sin.
15Si
ngap
ore
The
light
ing
shou
ld b
e fi
xed
in s
uch
a po
siti
on t
hat
it d
oes
not
shin
e di
rect
ly o
nto
the
mir
ror.
16Si
ngap
ore,
CSA
Indi
vidu
al w
ashr
oom
s sh
ould
be
equi
pped
wit
h a
wat
erpr
oof
emer
genc
y ca
ll bu
tton
or
pull
cord
for
act
ivat
ing
the
bell.
It
shou
ld b
e co
nven
ient
ly a
cces
sibl
e (n
ear
the
toile
t an
d th
e si
nk),
loca
ted
400
- 60
0 m
m a
bove
the
flo
or,
and
have
a c
olou
r th
at i
s co
ntra
stin
g w
ith
the
back
grou
nd.
Ther
e sh
ould
be
a no
tice
sta
ting
“Em
erge
ncy
Call”
, pr
omin
entl
y af
fixe
d ne
xt t
o th
e pu
sh b
utto
n or
pul
l cor
d. S
omeo
ne s
houl
d be
ava
ilabl
e at
all
tim
es t
o re
spon
d to
the
em
erge
ncy
call.
17Si
ngap
ore
Tact
ile s
igns
inc
orpo
rati
ng p
icto
gram
s sh
all i
ndic
ate
whe
ther
the
toi
let
is f
or m
ale
or f
emal
e.
18Si
ngap
ore
At e
very
leve
l of
a bu
ildin
g w
here
toi
lets
are
req
uire
d, t
here
sha
ll be
pro
vide
d at
leas
t on
e in
divi
dual
was
hroo
m f
or w
heel
chai
r us
ers
and
it s
hall
be p
rovi
ded
for
both
mal
e an
d fe
mal
e us
ers,
or
ther
e sh
ould
be
one
stal
l com
part
men
t fo
r w
heel
chai
r us
ers
in b
oth
the
mal
e an
d fe
mal
e w
ashr
oom
s.
19Si
ngap
ore
A ch
ild p
rote
ctio
n se
at s
houl
d be
pro
vide
d in
ind
ivid
ual w
ashr
oom
s fo
r pe
rson
s w
ith
disa
bilit
ies,
and
ins
talle
d in
a m
anne
r to
avo
id c
ausi
ng a
n ob
stru
ctio
n to
whe
elch
air
user
s.
20Si
ngap
ore
Whe
re a
fam
ily r
oom
is
not
prov
ided
, a
fold
-dow
n di
aper
cha
ngin
g st
atio
n sh
ould
be
prov
ided
in
both
the
mal
e an
d fe
mal
e w
ashr
oom
s or
in
the
indi
vidu
al w
ashr
oom
s fo
r pe
rson
s w
ith
disa
bilit
ies,
so
that
bot
h fa
ther
s an
d m
othe
rs
can
use
the
faci
lity.
21Au
stra
liaPe
ople
wit
h di
sabi
litie
s m
akin
g tr
ansf
ers
from
whe
elch
airs
to
toile
t se
ats
will
pla
ce g
reat
er t
han
aver
age
shea
r fo
rces
on
seat
s an
d fi
ttin
gs.
22Au
stra
liaA
unis
ex w
ashr
oom
is
reco
mm
ende
d in
are
as u
sed
by t
he g
ener
al p
ublic
, (i
e: s
hopp
ing
cent
res,
spo
rts
cent
res
and
hote
ls),
whe
re a
per
son
wit
h a
disa
bilit
y m
ay b
e ac
com
pani
ed b
y a
mem
ber
of t
he o
ppos
ite
sex.
Acc
ess
to t
he f
acili
ty
shou
ld n
ot n
eces
sita
te t
rave
rsin
g an
are
a re
serv
ed f
or o
ne s
ex o
nly.
Canadian human rights commission182
WORKSTATIONS (INCLUDING COMPUTER ROOMS)Manoeuvring through computer rooms and workstations requires adequate space. The clear widthrequirement throughout workstations and computer rooms (1) varies from 900 mm (Singapore) to1060 mm (Lebanon), with the best practice being 920 mm.
Singapore, the U.S. and Canada all require that workstations have appropriate approach (2),manoeuvring space (3), and have an accessible counter space (4) to accommodate someone who uses a wheelchair. Lighting levels are addressed by Canada, the U.S., South Africa, Singapore and Australia (6) with the best practice being 200 lux, an important consideration for everyone.
Information on visual displays should be accessible to all people including those with low vision.The U.S., Canada, Spain and Singapore also require that tactile and auditory information (8) be provided, that signage be colour contrasted and be on a glare-free surface. These are excellent recommendations that increase legibility are also outlined in the Signage section.
Some excellent comments on workstations from Sweden include that the table or workstation beadjustable, that electronic and magnetic fields from illumination installations be limited as they mayinterfere with hearing aids and finally that additional illumination be self-controlled to regulatethe light distribution and illumination level to meet individual needs.
ICTA comments that lateral access to the filing cabinets should be provided and that tables shouldnot have cross rail construction underneath or other obstacles that would limit someone using awheelchair. They further suggest rotating storage units, window shades and louvers which provideindividual customization. Chairs with casters that are lockable are recommended to allow a person to transfer safely from a wheelchair. They also suggest some interesting accommodations for personswith disabilities such as office equipment equipped with wireless remote control or with fronttouch controls.
Canadian human rights commission 183
WOR
KSTA
TION
S
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Aisl
e1
The
acce
ss a
isle
wid
ths
are
a m
inim
um o
f92
091
590
010
6092
0
Coun
ter/
Tabl
e/W
orks
tati
on2
Ther
e sh
all b
e ad
equa
te
man
oeuv
ring
spac
e fo
r pe
rson
s in
whe
elch
airs
to
appr
oach
th
e se
atin
g ar
eaye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
3At
sea
ting
spac
es fo
r pe
rson
s in
whe
elch
airs
, the
re s
hall
be
adeq
uate
man
oeuv
ring
spac
e to
ap
proa
ch t
he t
able
, wor
kspa
ce,
or c
ount
erye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
4Th
ere
shal
l be
a lo
w b
arrie
r-fre
e se
ctio
n of
the
wor
kspa
ce c
ount
erye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
5Fo
r re
quire
men
ts fo
r w
orks
tati
on/
tabl
e he
ight
s an
d kn
eesp
ace,
se
e se
ctio
n in
ANT
HROP
OMET
RICS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
6Li
ghtin
g le
vel a
t w
ork
surfa
ces
shal
l be
at le
ast
200
lx10
0 lx
200
lx10
0 lx
250
lx20
0 lx
Cont
rols
7
For
requ
irem
ents
for
oper
able
co
ntro
ls, s
ee s
ectio
n in
AN
THRO
POM
ETRI
CSye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Visu
al D
ispl
ays
8In
form
atio
n on
vis
ual d
ispl
ays
shal
l be
supp
lem
ente
d by
tac
tile
and/
or a
udito
ry in
form
atio
n,
colo
ur
colo
ur c
ontr
aste
d, a
nd lo
cate
d co
ntra
st a
ndon
a g
lare
-fre
e su
rface
yes
glar
e-fre
eye
sye
sye
s
9Fo
r an
y si
gnag
e re
quire
men
ts,
see
sect
ion
on S
IGNA
GEye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pa
ge
Othe
r10
For
requ
irem
ents
at
door
s,
see
sect
ion
on D
OORS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
11Fo
r ci
rcul
atio
n, li
ne-u
p ar
eas,
an
d ac
cess
rou
te r
equi
rem
ents
,se
e se
ctio
n on
ACC
ESS
ROUT
ESye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
sye
s
WOR
KSTA
TION
S (f
rom
pag
e 18
3)
Cana
da
Cana
da
U.S
. So
uth
Leba
non
Cana
da
Best
N
o.Qu
esti
onCS
AN
BCAD
AAG
Mex
ico
Uru
guay
Swed
enIr
elan
dSp
ain
Afri
caBa
ngla
desh
Phili
ppin
esM
alay
sia
Sing
apor
eAu
stra
liaU
NAF
GPr
acti
ce
Canadian human rights commission184
WOR
KSTA
TION
S (I
NCL
UDI
NG
COM
PUTE
R RO
OMS)
COM
MEN
TSN
o.Do
cum
ent
Com
men
ts
1Au
stra
liaW
here
a s
ound
am
plif
icat
ion
syst
em i
s pr
ovid
ed,
a lis
teni
ng s
yste
m t
o ai
d he
arin
g-im
pair
ed p
eopl
e sh
all
be i
nsta
lled
or m
ade
avai
labl
e.
2Au
stra
liaA
sign
ind
icat
ing
that
an
assi
stiv
e he
arin
g de
vice
is
inst
alle
d or
is
avai
labl
e sh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed a
t th
e m
ain
door
or
door
s to
the
enc
lose
d sp
ace.
Whe
re t
he li
sten
ing
syst
em d
oes
not
cove
r th
e to
tal a
rea
of t
he e
nclo
sed
spac
e,
the
boun
darie
s of
the
are
a se
rved
sha
ll be
des
igna
ted
by s
uch
sign
s.
3Sw
eden
Tabl
es/w
orks
tati
ons
shou
ld b
e ad
just
able
if
poss
ible
to
suit
ind
ivid
ual n
eeds
.
4Sw
eden
It i
s im
port
ant
to b
e ab
le t
o se
e w
ell a
t w
orks
tati
ons
and
plac
es w
here
wor
k is
don
e. H
ave
targ
eted
, ad
diti
onal
illu
min
atio
n, w
ith
the
abili
ty t
o re
gula
te t
he li
ght
dist
ribu
tion
, ill
umin
atio
n le
vel a
nd lu
min
ance
dis
trib
utio
n,
taki
ng i
nto
cons
ider
atio
n th
e ne
ed f
or v
isua
l ef
fort
and
act
ivit
y.
5Sw
eden
The
illum
inat
ion
inst
alla
tion
s an
d fi
ttin
gs s
houl
d ha
ve g
ood
colo
ur r
epro
duct
ion
and
not
emit
dis
turb
ing
heat
wav
es,
visi
ble
or i
nvis
ible
flic
keri
ng,
soun
d or
UV
radi
atio
n.
6Sw
eden
The
elec
tric
and
mag
neti
c fie
lds
from
the
illu
min
atio
n in
stal
lati
on s
houl
d be
lim
ited
.
7IC
TALa
tera
l acc
ess
file
dra
wer
s sh
ould
be
prov
ided
for
bet
ter
acce
ss.
8IC
TAEx
cess
ive
cros
s ra
il co
nstr
ucti
on,
shar
p co
rner
s, a
nd k
nob
type
pol
es s
houl
d be
avo
ided
.
9IC
TAFu
lly a
djus
tabl
e w
orks
tati
ons
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed,
incl
udin
g de
sk s
urfa
ces,
cha
irs,
foo
t re
sts,
and
wor
k su
rfac
es.
10IC
TAW
all d
rape
ry s
houl
d be
con
side
red
to a
bsor
b so
und.
11IC
TAA
roun
d or
ova
l top
on
a pe
dest
al a
llow
s an
app
roac
h fr
om a
ll di
rect
ions
.
12IC
TAIn
divi
dual
off
ice
wor
ksta
tion
s sh
ould
be
desi
gned
in
a ci
rcul
ar f
ashi
on.
13IC
TAAd
just
able
ligh
ting
sho
uld
be a
vaila
ble
and
a ra
nge
from
100
to
400
lux.
14IC
TACo
nsid
er u
sing
rot
atin
g st
orag
e un
its
at w
orks
tati
ons
and
in s
tora
ge a
reas
tha
t co
uld
be o
n ca
ster
s.
15IC
TAIn
stal
l sile
ncer
s on
for
ced
air
heat
ing
syst
ems
to r
educ
e no
ise
leve
ls a
t w
orks
tati
ons.
16IC
TAPr
ovid
e w
indo
w s
hade
s/lo
uver
s to
red
uce
dire
ct s
unlig
ht a
nd g
lare
.
17IC
TACh
air
cast
ers
shou
ld b
e lo
ckab
le t
o al
low
a p
erso
n to
tra
nsfe
r fr
om a
whe
elch
air.
18IC
TAOf
fice
equi
pmen
t sh
ould
hav
e w
irele
ss r
emot
e co
ntro
l and
/or
fron
t to
uch
cont
rols
.
Canadian human rights commission 185
Note
:Th
e co
mm
ents
in
this
sec
tion
als
o ap
ply
to t
he s
ecti
ons
on L
ibra
ries
and
Com
pute
r Ro
oms.
3] BEST PRACTICES: EXAMPLES AND APPLICATIONS
Canadian human rights commission 187
Access Routes – Clear Width
The pedestrian route is clear and wide, and outlined by pavers that arecontrasting in colour and texture fromthe pavers used for the main route. Thereis a wide clear route between the streetelements and the stores, and the treesare aligned with the street furniture. Inaddition, there are no grates or surfacehazards within the pedestrian route.
This photo of a streetscape demonstratesa best practice design. It illustrates the sidewalk with benches, light posts,garbage cans, trees and store fronts.
All of the storefronts are aligned on theright, and all of the signage is overhead.There are no obstacles or merchandise infront of the stores in the pedestrian route.
The street furniture including the benches, light posts, garbage cans are aligned on the left of thesidewalk. This design eliminates hazards or protrusion hazards that might not be detected by someonewho is blind. This design also provides good wayfinding cues.
Accessible Ticketing Machine
This accessible ticketing and fare dispensing machine is a good example of a best practice as it isusable by everyone.
The buttons and instructions are colour contrastedwith the background, and the text and font charactersare large and easy to read for everyone. The buttonsare also large and easy to press.
The operable controls are at an appropriate heightabove the floor allowing them to be reached bypeople who are sitting or standing. The machine islocated along the pedestrian route with adequatemanoeuvring space in front.
The location of the audio output is clearly markedtactically and with Braille allows the dispensingmachine to be used by people who are blind or visuallyimpaired, or by those who prefer an audio format.
Photo submitted by Eduardo Álvarez
Photo submitted by Betty Dion
Canadian human rights commission188
Communication – Visual Announcements
Displaying text announcements in a transportation terminal ensures thateveryone receives important information.
This well contrasted signage with the appropriate symbol of access for peoplewith hearing impairments alerts everyone to the location of the visualannouncements.
Text announcements are provided in conjunction with all audio announcements,indicating flight delays, cancellations and emergency messages. This providesa good example of a communication best practice.
Communication – Video and Electronic Signage
This example of a best practice illustrates a video display using avariety of different media.
The video and electronic signage display is located in a transportationterminal. It combines audio and text information as well as a pictorial explanation providing details of security information andprocedures for passenger screening.
The text at the bottom of the screen is well contrasted, and theaudio output is automatically adjusted to the surrounding ambientnoise level to ensure maximum audibility.
Directional Indicators and Detectable Warnings
This photo illustrates a crosswalk withdetectable directional indicators leading to the curb edge which has a detectablewarning surface along the edge where thecurb meets the street.
The detectable warning indicators are truncateddomes, and run parallel to the roadway,immediately adjacent to the roadway to indicateboth visually and tactically that you areapproaching the street.
Detectable directional indicators with raised lines indicate the direction of travel. The directionalindicators run perpendicular to the roadway, and act as a guide to direct people to the crosswalk.
The pedestrian sidewalk and curb are nearly level, reducing the trip hazard for pedestrians. The crosswalkis also clearly marked with painted strips which have contrasting colour and luminance with theroadway.
Photo submitted by Betty Dion
Photo submitted by Andrés Balcázar de la Cruz
Photo submitted by Betty Dion
Canadian human rights commission 189
Elevators
This photo illustrates two very largeelevators. The automatic elevator doors are centered on the elevator caband open nearly the full width of theelevators, a best practice which enableseveryone, including people who usescooters and wheelchairs, to easily enterand exit the elevator.
Directly in front of the doors to the elevators are two large colour contrasted and tactile dots. The dots are consistently used throughoutthis facility to indicate the presence of the elevators, a best practice featureappreciated by sighted people, as well as people with visual impairments.
The hall call button is located betweenthe two elevators and there is a largeclear area enabling all users to easilyapproach and access the button. Thelarge button is colour contrasted with the background wall and is equipped with a visual featurewhich illuminates the surrounding area of the button. In addition to the visual feature, there is anaudible feature which sounds a tone when the button is pressed.
Elevator – Hall Call Buttons
This photo of elevator call buttons located in the hall adjacent to the elevatoropening illustrates a best practice which accommodates all users, regardless ofability.
The vertical panel containing the call buttons is stainless steel, and is set in a panel of stone which itself has a colour and texture contrast with the surrounding wall.
There are two sets of call buttons, a higher set for people who are standing, and a lower set for people who are seated or of short stature. There are Up/Downarrows located on the buttons, which are in a contrasting colour and are tactile. A large illuminated floor indicator is located on a pad above the hall call buttons,which indicates the location of the elevator.
Entrance – Tactile Wayfinding System
This example of a best practice illustrates awayfinding system that will assist people inlocating information about the facility andalso lead them to the main entrance doors.
Detectable directional indicators whichcontrast with the floor surface lead from thesidewalk to a building directory, and then to the entrance with the automatic doors.The location and pattern of the directionalindicators are uniformly applied to provideorientation information.
The doors are of a colour which contrastswith their surroundings, and the glass doorshave colour contrasting surrounding edges.
To prevent people, particularly people with visual impairments, from walking into the glass panels,the glass doors and side panels have etched stickers/markers at eye level to provide a referencepoint indicating the presence of a glass panel.
Photo submitted by Betty Dion
Photo submitted by Andrés Balcázar de la Cruz
Photo submitted by Andrés Balcázar de la Cruz
Canadian human rights commission190
Fire Safety – Area of Refuge/Area of Rescue Assistance
This photo shows an area of rescue assistance in a stairwellwhere people unable to evacuate in an emergency are able towait safely until help arrives.
There is a level landing large enough to accommodate a personwho uses a wheelchair which is also out of the path of travel of people using the stairs. The location of the area of rescueassistance is clearly marked and visible to everyone and its loca-tion is illustrated on the fire safety plan.
This area of rescue assistance is located off a stairwell in anarea that is equipped with doors that are fire rated for greaterprotection.
Fire Safety and Evacuation Planning
A best practice in ensuring the safetyof all visitors to a building requiresthat evacuation and emergency plansinclude strategies that meet the needsof persons with disabilities.
In the facility in this photograph,measures were taken to ensure oneelevator would remain in service for at least 30 minutes after a fire alarm.This includes a system to create positive pressure in the elevator shaftto ensure the shaft, elevator cab andthe waiting space/air lock outside theelevator on each floor, remain smoke-free. In addition, the elevator doorsand walls have been fire rated to halt the progress of a fire for up to 30 minutes.
Within the building, each floor has been divided in two major fire compartments. In the compartmentwhere the lift cannot be used during a fire, there is a safe area of refuge/rescue assistance provided withan emergency button connected to a constantly monitored response centre. Each fire compartment isalso equipped with an evacuation chair in order to assist with the evacuation of people with mobilityimpairments. The inner doors on evacuation routes have been fitted with automatic opening devicesand panic release evacuation handles.
The building is equipped with integrated low frequency alarms and audio loudspeakers for communicatinginstructions to everyone in the building. All evacuation plans are positioned for reading from both sitting and standing positions and have pictographs and instructions for the safe evacuation of personswith disabilities.
Photo submitted by Elisabet Svensson
Photo submitted by Eduardo Álvarez
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Heritage Buildings: Improving Accessibility and Safe Evacuation
The Wrangel Palace was built around 1660 and has beenthe home of the Svea Court of Appeal since 1750.
An improvement project undertaken to increase theaccessibility and evacuation arrangements for personswith disabilities illustrates how the principles of universal design can be used to improve access andresult in best practices for saving cultural heritagebuildings.
The historic buildingalready had an accessibleside entrance, however, it was considered equally
as important to make the mainentrance accessible. Originallythere was a step at the mainentrance, which was eliminatedby raising the level of theground. Creating a level mainentrance rather than building a ramp in addition to the stairsillustrates an example of inclusiveand universal design, a bestpractice which makes the facilitymore accessible to everyone.
A stair lift was installed toenable people with disabilitiesto access the foreyard areaimmediately in front of thebuilding at the main entrance, creating an inclusive environment.The heavy entrance door was provided with automatic dooropener permitting easier access for everyone.
Kitchen – Front Mounted Stove Controls
This photo illustrates the controlpanel of a stove and oven which iseasy to use for everyone.
The stove and oven controls arelocated at the front, which makethem easy and safe to use foreveryone, including people whouse a wheelchair or persons ofshort stature. This best practice in product design eliminates the need for users to reach over hot elements to reach the controls.
The controls are well contrasted which makes them easy to see, including for people with visualimpairments. The knobs are easy to grasp, and provide audible, visual and tactile feedback that the knobhas been turned. The raised button area also provide audible and tactile feedback during activation.
In addition, the stove top surface provides visual feedback that the element has been turned on toprevent people from touching an area that may be hot.
Photos submitted by Elisabet Svensson
Photo submitted by Betty Dion
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Lockers and Storage
The photo illustrates a group of lockers which are available atvarious heights, a best practice which makes them accessible tothe greatest number of users.
The locker doors are colour contrasted with both the surroundingwalls, and the locker dividers. Each locker is numbered andidentified with a label. The label, as well as the numbers onthe label, contrast with their background and the numbers are tactile. This best practice allows everyone to easily identifytheir locker, including people with visual impairments.
There is a bench near the lockers which can accommodate peoplewho wish to sit down while accessing the locker, or to provide aplace to sit while changing. This best practice feature is appreciatedby everyone, especially people with mobility and agilityimpairments.
Parking – Pedestrian Warning Signal
The audible and visual signal alerts pedestrians when a car is exiting from the parking garage. Care is still needed by bothpedestrian and drivers but this example of a best practicedemonstrates a multi-format warning system that is inclusive of both sighted and non-sighted persons.
Ramps
This photo illustrates a ramp constructedof a non-slip material leading to a buildingentrance.
The ramp has a slope which is 1:15, a best practice which enables the greatestrange of people to use the ramp safely and independently.
There is a dual height handrail provided onboth sides of the ramp, a best practicewhich enables users to chose the handrailmost appropriate for them. The handrailextends beyond the top and bottom of theramp ensuring people are able to steadythemselves before ascending or descendingthe ramp.
The ramp is framed with contrasting pavers and has been formed in a colour which contrasts with thesurrounding courtyard area, a best practice which provides a visual cue to the presence of the ramp.
Photo submitted by Betty Dion
Photo submitted by Betty Dion
Photo submitted by Betty Dion
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Shower Stall
This photo illustrates a fully accessible shower for both ambulatorypersons and people who use a wheelchair, a best practice for allpublic facilities.
There is no curb at the shower entrance, only a slightly raisedridge in the floor, a best practice for everyone as it eliminates the trip hazard created by curbs. The slight slope of the ridgealso ensures there is positive drainage in the shower stall.
There is sufficient manoeuvring space in the shower to permiteasy transfer from a wheelchair to the fold-up, self-draining showerbench. There is a non-slip grab bar positioned adjacent to theshower bench to assist with the transfer. When the bench is foldedup, there is sufficient manoeuvring space created to permit theuse of a roll-in shower chair if required.
The shower head has a long hose for hand-held use, or it can beplaced in a sliding vertical bar and fixed at the desired height for hands-free use, a convenience for all users. The sliding bar ispositioned so that it does not interfere with use of the grab bar. The faucet has a lever handle and provides for temperature controlto prevent scalding, a good safety feature for everyone.
Stairs and Handrails
This photo illustrates a staircase at a transportationfacility which is a good example of a best practice.
The stairs have a tactile and colour contrasted detectablewarning at the bottom of the stairs, one tread widthback from the bottom stair. There is a colour contrastingand textured strip at the edge of every step. The riser is closed and colour contrasted to the tread. There is alevel landing half way up the staircase to enable usersto rest if necessary.
There are handrails on both sides of the stairs which are round and easy to grip. The handrails are continuousfor the entire flight of stairs and extend a full stairwidth beyond the bottom of the last step. The handrailextension enables users to maintain their grip untilthey are safely on the ground level if descending, or tosteady themselves prior to ascending.
Photo submitted by Betty Dion
Photo submitted by Betty Dion
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Swimming Pools
This swimming pool equipped with built-instairs rather than a ladder illustrates the universal design principle of ease of use.
Each step descending into the pool has a contrasting colour strip at the edge whichassists in clearly defining each step.
The handrail is positioned to enable users tostep onto a ledge in the pool in order to graspthe handrail before proceeding down the stepsinto the water. The handrail has 2 heights, abest practice which enables people to graspthe handrails in the most comfortable positionfor the entire length of the stairs.
There is a wide colour contrasting band of tile near the edge of the pool, which slightly slopesupwards to indicate to people they are nearing the edge of the pool, a great safety feature foreveryone, but especially for people with visual impairments.
Tactile Display
This photo illustrates a tactile display of an historic building located within a park. The interpretivemodel is provided to afford people who are blind the opportunity to obtain similar information availableto sighted people. The building is a scale model bronze display enabling people who are blind orvisually impaired to obtain a tactile impression of the building layout. The tactile model is on a
table-like platform with knee clearancespace which would enable peoplewho use wheelchairs to also approachthe tactile model.
Adjacent to the tactile model, arethree Braille panels describing thehistorical significance of the building.The Braille panels are angled for ease of reading by people who areboth seated and standing.
This is an excellent example of abest practice for providing people whoare blind with the opportunity toexperience the layout and significanceof an historic building.
Photo submitted by Enrique Rovira Beleta Cuyas
Photo submitted by Betty Dion
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Individual Washroom
This photo illustrates an individual unisex accessible washroom. The washroom is independent ofeither the men’s or women’s washroom, a best practice feature that enables people with disabilitieswho require assistance within the washroom to be accompanied by a member of either sex.
There is a large clear area on the transfer side of the toilet and there are non-slip grab bars locatedbehind and beside the toilet. The toilet paper dispenser has been installed in line with the front of the toilet in a position which is easy to reach from a seated position. In addition, the dispenser hasbeen installed so it will not obstruct use of the grab bars, a best practice appreciated by people
who rely on the grab bars for assistance. The toiletflusher is controlled by a hands-free infraredsensor ensuring ease of use for everyone.
There is sufficient kneespace at the lavatory,and the pipes have been recessed and offset to the rear to prevent scalding, a best practicefor safety and convenience. The mirror islocated at a height which is usable by peoplewho are ambulatory or wheelchair users. In addition, the accessories such as the soapdispenser, paper towel dispenser and garbagereceptacle are easy to reach from the lavatory,a best practice feature appreciated by bothseated and standing persons.
Washrooms – Toilets and Grab Bars
This photo illustrates an accessible toiletappropriately located next to load-bearingwalls. There is sufficient clear width on thetransfer side and in front of the toilet toallow a person to position their wheelchairto facilitate a transfer. The flush mechanism is controlled by an infrared automatic sensor.
There are horizontal, slip-resistant grab barsmounted beside and behind the toilet on theload-bearing walls. There is no seat back forthe toilet, but there is a backrest to supportpeople while seated. The toilet paper dispenseris located below the grab bar, within reachof a person seated on the toilet. Its locationdoes not create an obstruction to the use of the grab bar.
Washrooms – Urinals
This photo illustrates an accessible urinal, which extends nearly tothe floor. The urinal is equipped with non-slip grab bars on bothsides, in addition to a horizontal grab bar above the urinal. The grabbars are colour contrasted from the surrounding area.
The urinal is equipped with an infrared automatic flusher. There is acounter ledge above the urinal for people to place their belongings,something that is appreciated by many people. There is also a largeclear space in front of the urinal to allow for easy manoeuvring foreveryone, including people who use wheelchairs.
Photo submitted by Andrés Balcázar de la Cruz
Photo submitted by Andrés Balcázar de la Cruz
Photo submitted by Betty Dion
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Wayfinding – Orientation Signage
This photo illustrates a tactile floor plan used to facilitate wayfinding at a railway station by peoplewho are blind or visually impaired.
The map is designed to be clearly visible and the symbols and text have good colour and luminancecontrast with their background.
The map has tactile charactersand symbols with the text in relief and Braille. There isa legend which explains thepictographs found throughoutthe tactile map. There is consistent use of colour todenote key design elementsand entrance points.
To facilitate safety for peopleas they move about the railwaystation, areas where thereare detectable indicators anddetectable warnings are indicated with tactile replicason the wayfinding map.
Photo submitted by Elisabet Svensson
4] APPENDIX
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