international agriculture and food workshop university of wisconsin law school april 21, 2009
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International Agriculture and Food Workshop University of Wisconsin Law School April 21, 2009. Dr. John M. Greenler. Cellulosic (Second Generation) Biofuels: Sustainability and Food Security. The Biofuels Ideal. Biomass : currently 10% of global energy flow. World Biomass Energy Flows. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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International Agriculture and Food Workshop
University of Wisconsin Law SchoolApril 21, 2009
Dr. John M. Greenler
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Cellulosic(Second Generation) Biofuels:
Sustainability andFood Security
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The Biofuels Ideal
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Biomass: currently 10% of global energy flow
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World Biomass Energy Flows
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
IP
CC
4th A
sse
ssm
ent
Rep
ort
( 2
007
)
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C. Cleveland and R. Kaufmann, Fundamental principles of energy, 2008, Encyclopedia of Earth
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Bureau of Transportation Statistics, “Figure 14-1: U.S. Energy Consumption by Sector, 1994–2004” (2005);http://www.bts.gov/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/2005/html/chapter_02/figure_14_01.html
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Creating Cellulosic Biofuels
What is Cellulose?
Tough to Breakdown:
• Cellulose is the most abundant biological material on Earth
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How Cellulosic Ethanol is Made
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Plant Breeding for
Greater Biofuels Potential
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Bioprospecting - Thermophiles at Yellowstone
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Long-Term Strategy for Improved Fuel/Ethanol Yields
1) Aerobic growth: optimize production of extracellularenzymes (lignocellulases)
2) Anaerobic growth: optimize production of enzymes, transporters, & pathways to funnel carbon to fuel production (ethanol, others)
Improved Biomass Conversion
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Developing Improved Enzymes for Biomass Processing
“Breaking the Biological Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol: A Joint Research Agenda”, DOE
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Goal: Predict Behavior of Bioenergy Production Systems
High Input, Low Diversity
(annuals)
Low Input, High Diversity(perennials)
Continuous Corn
Corn-Soybean-Canola
Monoculture switchgrass
Switchgrass - Legumes
Early successionalNative prairie
Poplars
Sustainable Bioenergy Practices
Sustainability: Economic, Environmental and Social
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Are There Win-Win Scenarios?
Ecosystem services:Food, pharmaceuticals, energy, climate regulation, pollination, nutrient cycling, recreation…
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Where Should Biofuels Crops Be Grown? - Global Perspectives
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DOE Bioenergy Research Centers (BRCs)
GLBRC is one of three Bioenergy Research Centers funded by the Department of Energy to conduct transformational biofuels research