Interim Warning Procedures Interim Warning Procedures

and theand the

Communication Plan for the Interim Communication Plan for the Interim Tsunami Advisory Information Tsunami Advisory Information

ServiceService

Dr. Charles McCreery, DirectorDr. Charles McCreery, Director NOAA Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning NOAA Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning

CenterCenterEwa Beach, Hawaii USAEwa Beach, Hawaii USA

T. Hachimine, DirectorT. Hachimine, DirectorJapan Tsunami Warning CenterJapan Tsunami Warning Center

Tokyo, JapanTokyo, Japan

PTWC KEY OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIESPTWC KEY OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIESFOR PACIFIC EVENTSFOR PACIFIC EVENTS

• SEISMIC DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSESSEISMIC DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSES

• SEA LEVEL MEASUREMENTSSEA LEVEL MEASUREMENTS

• DECISION-MAKING PROCESSESDECISION-MAKING PROCESSES

• MESSAGE CREATION & DISSEMINATIONMESSAGE CREATION & DISSEMINATION

PTWC KEY OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIESPTWC KEY OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIESFOR INDIAN OCEAN REGION EVENTSFOR INDIAN OCEAN REGION EVENTS

• SEISMIC DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSESSEISMIC DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSES

• SEA LEVEL MEASUREMENTS

• DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES

• MESSAGE CREATION & DISSEMINATIONMESSAGE CREATION & DISSEMINATION

Bulletin Type Frequency of Bulletin

Tsunami Information Bulletin 1 or 2 times per year

Local Tsunami Watch Once every 25 years

Regional Tsunami Watch Once every 25 years

Ocean-Wide Tsunami Watch Once every 8 years

Frequency of Each Type of Bulletin(based on last 100 years of events)

Seismic criteria for PTWC IO Advisories

Depth Location (Mw) Tsunami Potential Bulletin Type

< 100 km

Under or very near the sea

6.5 to 7.0

Very small potential for a destructive local tsunami

Information Bulletin

7.1 to 7.5

Potential for a destructive local tsunami

LocalTsunami Watch

7.6 to 7.8

Potential for a destructive regional tsunami

Regional Tsunami Watch

≥ 7.9 Potential for a destructive ocean-wide tsunami

Ocean-wide Tsunami Watch

Inland 6.5 No tsunami potential Information Bulletin

≥ 100 km

All Locations

≥ 6.5 No tsunami potential Information Bulletin

PTWC Global Seismic Network

P-WAVE TRAVEL TIMES FOR 12/26/04 EARTHQUAKE

INTERACTIVE TOOL TO

DETERMINEMwp

MOMENTMAGNITUDE

Performance of PTWC Mwp

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

8

8.5

9

5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5Harvard Mw

Mwp (PTWC) - Mw (HRV)

PERFORMANCE OF PTWC MwpM

wp (

PT

WC

)

Mw (Harvard)

ISSUE TIME OF PTWC INITIAL BULLETINS FOR PACIFIC TELESEISMS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

EVENT TIME (YEAR)

MINUTES SINCE QUAKE

ISSUE TIME OF PTWC INITIAL BULLETINS FOR PACIFIC TELESEISMIC EARTHQUAKES

Sea Level Stationscurrently contributing data to PTWC

TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 001PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER/NOAA/NWSISSUED AT 0117Z 11 APR 2005

THIS BULLETIN IS FOR ALL AREAS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN.

... TSUNAMI INFORMATION BULLETIN ...

THIS MESSAGE IS FOR INFORMATION ONLY.

AN EARTHQUAKE HAS OCCURRED WITH THESE PRELIMINARY PARAMETERS

ORIGIN TIME - 0100Z 11 APR 2005 COORDINATES - 1.3 NORTH 97.5 EAST LOCATION - NORTHERN SUMATERA INDONESIA MAGNITUDE - 6.7

Sample Tsunami Information Bulletin

Sample Tsunami Information Bulletin (cont’d)

TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 002PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER/NOAA/NWSISSUED AT 0354Z 11 APR 2005

THIS BULLETIN IS FOR ALL AREAS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN.

... A LOCAL TSUNAMI WATCH IS IN EFFECT ...

A TSUNAMI WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR

INDONESIA

FOR OTHER AREAS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION, THIS MESSAGE IS ANADVISORY ONLY.

AN EARTHQUAKE HAS OCCURRED WITH THESE PRELIMINARY PARAMETERS

ORIGIN TIME - 0100Z 11 APR 2005 COORDINATES - 1.3 NORTH 97.5 EAST LOCATION - NORTHERN SUMATERA INDONESIA MAGNITUDE - 7.2

Sample Local Tsunami Watch Supplement

Sample Local Tsunami Watch Supplement (con’d)

ESTIMATED INITIAL TSUNAMI WAVE ARRIVAL TIMES. ACTUAL ARRIVAL TIMESMAY DIFFER AND THE INITIAL WAVE MAY NOT BE THE LARGEST. THE TIMEBETWEEN SUCCESSIVE TSUNAMI WAVES CAN BE FIVE MINUTES TO ONE HOUR.

LOCATION COORDINATES ARRIVAL TIME -------------------------------- ------------ ------------ INDONESIA SIMEULUE 2.5N 96.0E 0134Z 11 APR SIBERUT 1.5S 98.7E 0144Z 11 APR PADANG 0.9S 100.1E 0214Z 11 APR BANDA ACEH 5.5N 95.1E 0223Z 11 APR BENGKULU 3.9S 102.0E 0238Z 11 APR BANDAR LAMPUNG 6.0S 105.5E 0338Z 11 APR CILACAP 7.8S 108.9E 0351Z 11 APR BALI 9.0S 115.5E 0433Z 11 APR BELAWAN 3.8N 98.8E 0544Z 11 APR KUPANG 10.0S 123.4E 0549Z 11 APR

THIS WILL BE THE FINAL BULLETIN ISSUED BY THE PACIFIC TSUNAMIWARNING CENTER FOR THIS EVENT UNLESS ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONBECOMES AVAILABLE.

THE JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY MAY ISSUE ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONFOR THIS EVENT.

Sample Local Tsunami Watch Supplement (cont’d)

PTWC PreliminaryForecast Points

FORECAST POINTSFORECAST POINTS

• USED TO DETERMINE IF AN AREA IS IN A WATCHUSED TO DETERMINE IF AN AREA IS IN A WATCH

• TSUNAMI ETA’S FOR FORECAST POINTS GIVEN IN TSUNAMI ETA’S FOR FORECAST POINTS GIVEN IN BULLETINS IF AREA IS IN A WATCHBULLETINS IF AREA IS IN A WATCH

• PRELIMINARY ONES TAKEN FROM ATLAS – NEEDS PRELIMINARY ONES TAKEN FROM ATLAS – NEEDS REVIEW BY MEMBER STATESREVIEW BY MEMBER STATES

• SHOULD BE RECOGNIZABLE PLACESSHOULD BE RECOGNIZABLE PLACES

• NEED ADEQUATE COVERAGE OF COASTS - ONE NEED ADEQUATE COVERAGE OF COASTS - ONE EVERY FEW HUNDRED KILOMETERSEVERY FEW HUNDRED KILOMETERS

• NOT TOO MANY OR BULLETINS TOO LONGNOT TOO MANY OR BULLETINS TOO LONG

Bulletin Type WMO Identifier Purpose

Tsunami Information

WEIO23 PHEB Advise Government Agencies

Tsunami Watch WEIO21 PHEB Advise Government Agencies

Tsunami Information WEIO33 PHEB

(ready but not used)

Advise the Public and Media

Tsunami Watch WEIO31 PHEB

(ready but not used)

Advise the Public and Media

Earthquake Information

SEIO61 PHEB

(ready but not used)

Exchange of initial earthquake params

WMO (GTS) PRODUCT IDENTIFIERS FOR WMO (GTS) PRODUCT IDENTIFIERS FOR PTWC PRODUCTS IN THE INDIAN OCEANPTWC PRODUCTS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN

COMMUNICATIONS PLAN for the INTERIMCOMMUNICATIONS PLAN for the INTERIMTSUNAMI ADVISORY INFORMATION SERVICETSUNAMI ADVISORY INFORMATION SERVICE

• GENERAL REFERENCE MANUAL FOR THE TSUNAMI GENERAL REFERENCE MANUAL FOR THE TSUNAMI ADVISORY INFORMATION SERVICEADVISORY INFORMATION SERVICE

• DESCRIPTION OF WARNING CENTERS’ PROCEDURES DESCRIPTION OF WARNING CENTERS’ PROCEDURES FOR ISSUING BULLETINSFOR ISSUING BULLETINS

• DESCRIPTION OF BULLETINS AND THEIR MEANINGDESCRIPTION OF BULLETINS AND THEIR MEANING

• DESCRIPTION OF COMMUNICATION METHODS FOR DESCRIPTION OF COMMUNICATION METHODS FOR MESSAGE DISSEMINATIONMESSAGE DISSEMINATION

• REFERENCE FOR DESIGNATED CONTACT POINTS OF REFERENCE FOR DESIGNATED CONTACT POINTS OF EACH COUNTRYEACH COUNTRY

COMMUNICATIONS METHODS COMMUNICATIONS METHODS FOR THE INDIAN OCEANFOR THE INDIAN OCEAN

• KEEP IT SIMPLER THAN IN THE PACIFICKEEP IT SIMPLER THAN IN THE PACIFIC

• GTS AS THE BACKBONE SYSTEMGTS AS THE BACKBONE SYSTEM

• TELEFAX AND EMAIL AS ALTERNATE METHODSTELEFAX AND EMAIL AS ALTERNATE METHODS

• CONFIRMATION OF RECEIPT?CONFIRMATION OF RECEIPT?

• PERSON-TO-PERSON TELEPHONE CONTACT SHOULD PERSON-TO-PERSON TELEPHONE CONTACT SHOULD NOT BE REQUIRED, BUT MAY BE USEDNOT BE REQUIRED, BUT MAY BE USED

MEDIA NOTIFICATIONMEDIA NOTIFICATION

• MEDIA CAN AND WILL SUBSCRIBE TO PRODUCTS MEDIA CAN AND WILL SUBSCRIBE TO PRODUCTS AND REPORT ON THEMAND REPORT ON THEM

• MEDIA CAN BE PARTNER TO QUICKLY ALERT PUBLICMEDIA CAN BE PARTNER TO QUICKLY ALERT PUBLIC

• ACTIVATE PUBLIC / MEDIA PRODUCTS?ACTIVATE PUBLIC / MEDIA PRODUCTS?

• CONTROL OF PUBLIC / MEDIA MESSAGECONTROL OF PUBLIC / MEDIA MESSAGE

• WHAT WOULD BE THE MESSAGE?WHAT WOULD BE THE MESSAGE?

MONTHLY COMMUNICATION TESTSMONTHLY COMMUNICATION TESTS

• IDENTIFY THE MOST EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IDENTIFY THE MOST EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION METHODSMETHODS

• VERIFY MESSAGE CIRCUITS WORKING (PRIMARY VERIFY MESSAGE CIRCUITS WORKING (PRIMARY AND SECONDARY)AND SECONDARY)

• EXERCISE THE SYSTEMEXERCISE THE SYSTEM

• MAINTAIN AWARENESS OF THE HAZARDMAINTAIN AWARENESS OF THE HAZARD

TEST...TSUNAMI DUMMY – COMMUNICATIONS TEST...TESTPACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER/NOAA/NWSISSUED AT 0315Z 11 APR 2005

FROM: PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER IN EWA BEACH HAWAII

TO: TSUNAMI CONTACT POINTS FOR THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES IN THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION

AUSTRALIA – NAME OF DESIGNATED CONTACT POINT BANGLADESH – NAME OF DESIGNATED CONTACT POINT FRANCE – NAME OF DESIGNATED CONTACT POINT INDIA – NAME OF DESIGNATED CONTACT POINT INDONESIA – NAME OF DESIGNATED CONTACT POINT IRAN – NAME OF DESIGNATED CONTACT POINT KENYA – NAME OF DESIGNATED CONTACT POINT MADAGASCAR – NAME OF DESIGNATED CONTACT POINT MALAYSIA – NAME OF DESIGNATED CONTACT POINT MALDIVES – NAME OF DESIGNATED CONTACT POINT MAURITIUS – NAME OF DESIGNATED CONTACT POINT . .--- ALL OTHERS PLEASE DISREGARD ---

Sample Communication Test

SUBJECT: TSUNAMI DUMMY (COMMUNICATION TEST).

THIS IS A TEST TO VERIFY COMMUNICATION LINKS AND DETERMINETRANSMISSION TIMES INVOLVED IN DISSEMINATION OF TSUNAMI ADVISORY INFORMATION TO THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION.

RECIPIENTS ARE REQUESTED TO PLEASE RESPOND BACK TO THEPACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER. THE RESPONSE SHOULD INCLUDE

1 - NAME OF OFFICE THAT RECEIVED THIS TEST 2 - METHOD OR METHODS BY WHICH OFFICE RECEIVED THIS TEST 3 - INCLUDE EMAIL ADDRESS OR FAX NUMBER OF EACH METHOD 3 - TIME OF RECEIPT OF THIS TEST BY EACH METHOD

PLEASE RESPOND VIA ONE OF THE FOLLOWING

EMAIL - PTWC@PTWC.NOAA.GOV TELEFAX - 808-689-4543

THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION IN THIS COMMUNICATION TEST.

Sample Communication Test (cont’d)

7. Tsunami Watch Information on M8.5 Sumatra Earthquake on 28 Mar.

TSUNAMI WATCH INFOMATION NUMBER 001 ISSUED BY SEISMOLOGICAL AND VOLCANOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (JMA) ISSUED AT 1723 28 MAR 2005 (UTC)

1. EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION ORIGIN TIME : 1610 28 MAR 2005 (UTC) COORDINATES : 2.3 NORTH 97.1 EAST LOCATION : NORTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA MAGNITUDE : 8.5

2. POSSIBILITY TSUNAMI GENERATION THERE IS A POSSIBILITY OF AN OCEAN-WIDE DESTRUCTIVE TSUNAMI IN THE INDIAN OCEAN

Earthquake Information

Possibility of Tsunami Generation

* Tsunami Watch Information is considered subordinate to the Tsunami Warning in terms of both accuracy and timeliness

7Japan Meteorological Agency 14 April 2005

3. ESTIMATED TSUNAMI TRAVEL TIME ONE HOUR OR LESS INDIA: ALL COASTS OF ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS INDONESIA: INDIAN OCEAN COAST OF SUMATRA ONE HOUR TO THREE HOURS INDIA: BENGAL BAY COAST SRI LANKA: ALL COASTS THAILAND: MALACCA COAST AUSTRALIA: COCOS ISLANDS--- *snip* ---*TSUNAMI TRAVEL TIME IS ESTIMATED ONLY FROM EARTHQUAKE DATA AND INDICATES THE TIME LAPSE BETWEEN ORIGIN TIME AND TSUNAMI ARRIVAL TIME

*THIS WILL BE THE FINAL INFORMATION UNLESS THERE ARE CHANGES ABOUT THE POTENTIAL OF TSUNAMI GENERATION AND ESTIMATED TSUNAMI TRAVEL TIME BY RE-EVALUATION OF THE EARTHQUAKE OR THERE ARE REPORTS ON TSUNAMI OBSERVATIONS.

9. Tsunami Watch Information on M8.5 Sumatra Earthquake on 28 Mar (continuation)

Estimated Tsunami Travel Time

9

11. Reception of the Tsunami Watch Information

-Registration Designated governmental organization(s) /department(s) /officer(s)- Available means of communication

1. Internet mail

2. Global Telecommunication System (GTS) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

3. Facsimile transmission

- Test MessageJapan Meteorological Agency 14 April 2005 11

TSUNAMI WATCH INFOMATION NUMBER 001 ISSUED BY SEISMOLOGICAL AND VOLCANOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (JMA) ISSUED AT 1056 10 APR 2005 (UTC) 1.EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION ORIGIN TIME : 1029 10 APR 2005 (UTC) COORDINATES : 1.1 SOUTH 99.4 EAST LOCATION : SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA MAGNITUDE : 6.8 2.EVALUATION THERE IS A VERY SMALL POSSIBILITY OF A DESTRUCTIVE LOCAL TSUNAMI IN THE INDIAN OCEAN.  *THIS WILL BE THE FINAL INFORMATION UNLESS THERE ARE CHANGES ABOUT THE POTENTIAL OF TSUNAMI GENERATION AND ESTIMATED TSUNAMI TRAVEL TIME BY RE-EVALUATION OF THE EARTHQUAKE OR THERE ARE REPORTS ON TSUNAMI OBSERVATIONS. *****************************************************************RECIPIENTS ARE INVITED TO CHECK THE MARCH 2005 ISSUE OF THE WORLDWEATHER WATCH OPERATIONAL NEWSLETTER FOR THE OBJECTIVES OF TWI.*****************************************************************

12. Tsunami Watch Information for the M 6.8 Sumatra Earthquake on 10th APR 2005

Japan Meteorological Agency 14 April 2005 12

is expected to be issued with a target of less than 20 to 30 minutes after the occurrence of the earthquake, depending on the traffic condition of communication and the availability of seismic data.

The Tsunami Watch Information

will be made as amendments and/or updates in consideration of newly available seismic data and reports on actual sea-level observations

Subsequent Issues

13. Timing of issuance ofTsunami Watch Information

13Japan Meteorological Agency 14 April 2005