LE MINH NHAT , Ph. D.DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY, HYDROLOGY

AND CLIMATE CHANGEPHAN THI QUYNH LE

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AGENCY

MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT ( MONRE)

INTERGRATION OF ECOSYSTEM BASED ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE INTO

STRATEGIES AND POLICIES ON CLIMATE CHANGE

Towards Climate Change Resilience: Integrating Urban Biodiversity with CCA18-20 December 2013Chiang Rai, Thailand

EbAWhat for

• Adaptation

• Ecosystem based

• Making case to reduce CC

• Co-Benefits

Who for

• Global level (CCC etc.)

• Regions & Nations

• But key – people who bear the costs of climate change

How can “We”

How• Normal M&E (extractive)• Assessments (good for

others, & for action)• Studies (extractive) &

research

Who should • Focus on national,

organizations, international, research – which is all very good & important, but

• What about sub-national (districts)?, &

• What about people?

But how do we empower peoples to learn, & articulate that learning so of use to them & for others

Main contents

• Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation

• Policy framework of responding to climate

change in Viet Nam

• EbA Integration into policies of responding to

climate chance

CLIMATE CHANGE AND BIODIVERSITY

• Climate change impacts

– Increased temp., changes in

rainfall pattern, longer hot period

lead to changes of ecosystems,

habitats, and species structures

– Extreme weather events damage

sensitive ecosystem/habitats

• Biodiversity responds

– Mitigation: Absorb and storage

carbon (biodiversity degradation

and forest lost reduce carbon

storage and sequestration capacity

– Adaptation: provide foods (rice,

fish, fruits) and water for people,

protect coastal communities from

extreme weather events

5

Why EBA for Vietnam?

1. Addresses national context and national priorities – sustainable economic development, poverty reduction, biodiversity conservation

– Majority of population highly dependent on ecosystems

– Energy, Hydropower , tourism and agriculture major revenue generating sectors

– National Targets: focus on agriculture, water resources, coastal areas, forestry etc.

– Communities: Food security, livelihood etc.

2. EBA sustainably manages the ecosystems at mutlisectoral and mutiscale level while ensuring increased resilience against Climate Change.

Why EBA for Vietnam?

3. EBA provides a longer term, cost effective solution that accrues more net benefits than “hard” physical engineering solutions

4. Multiple benefits- soil management, water regulation, carbon sequestration, livelihood diversification opportunities

POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR EBA

• Summarizes key climate change policies underscoring the role of ecosystem-based approaches in reducing vulnerabilities.

Sector policies to Climate Change

Water

Resources

• Law on water resources

2012

• National strategy on

water resources up to

2020

Strengthening forest

protection and

development, priority focus

on watershed protection

Forestry Disaster

Dyke LawNational Strategy for Natural Disaster Prevention, Response and Mitigation to 2020

Law on Forest Protection and Development 2004National Strategy for Forest Protection and Development 2011 – 2020Action Plan of REED 2011 - 2020Decree 99/2010/NĐ-CP regulating policy for payment for forest ecosystem services

Forest Protection and DevelopmentSustainable Forest ManagementREED+PFES

Plantation and Protection of Watershed as non-construction solution

Necessary for developing EbA

operational framework

• Climate change adaptation measures mentioned in legal

documents of sectors

• Mainstreaming climate change is defined in almost

policies on climate change (NTP, Action Plan)

• EbA operational framework will support for development

and implementation of EbA measures for line Ministries

and other sectors

Integrating EbA into climate change

policies/ laws

Action Plan to Response to Climate Change

Ministry of Industry and Trade

(MOIT)

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

(MONRE)

Ministry of Agriculture and

Rural Development (MARD)

Mainstreaming of climate change in strategy, policy, planing in the sector

Opportunities for mainstreaming of EBA in CC policy

• NTP (2012 – 2015) has identified some main tasks relating to CC adaptation– Demonstration of CC adaptation in

Quang Nam, Ben Tre as pilot one for dissemination

– Promulgate of CC adaptation and mitigation in focused sectors: agriculture, forestry, land use, water resources, energy, transportation, construction, poverty reduction and social welfare

– Finalizing priority framework for responding to climate change

Opportunities for mainstreaming of EBA in CC policy

• Policy sectors

– Forest sectors: REED+ at national and local level; forest plantation and development programmes

– Disaster: Watershed plantation and protection

– Water resources:Watershed development and protection

EbA integration into policies/legislation on

climate change: ForestryNo. Sectoral Program/ Plan Opportunities for integration

1 Action Plan to response

to CC of agriculture and

rural development sector

Forecast the influence of CC to biodiversity, forest and

wetland ecosystems, and proposed adaptation

measures

Review and correction of plan, protect and develop

coastal protected forest in order to improve adaptive

capacity with climate change and sea level rise

Mainstreaming climate change and sea level rise

issues into action plan, policies, strategies and

development plans

3 Decree No. 99/2010/NĐ-

CP dated 24/09/2010 for

policy on payment for

forest ecosystem

services

Payment for forest ecosystem services

EbA integration into policies/legislation on

climate change No. Sectoral

Program/

Plan

Opportunities for integration

2 Disaster Law on Dykes Combination overall measures on

plantation and protection of

watershed forest

Plantation of watershed protected

forest and trees for preventing

waves for dykes protection

3 Water

resources

Law on Water

resources

Protect and develop watershed

forest

National Strategy

on water

resources up to

2020

Improved protection and

development of forest, firstly

watershed forest

EBA integration into local development plan

Relevant

sectors

Relevant policies

and strategies

Main implemented

agenciesEbA for examples

Management of

natural

resources and

environment

Provincial Action

Plan to response to

CC

DONRE

Reasonable use of wetland

Management of natural

resources based on

community

Environmental Protection

Biodiversity

Conservation

Provincial

Biodiversity

Conservation

Planning

DONRE

Establish new Protected

Areas

Create “green corridors”

Enhance legislation

enforcement

Land useProvincial Land Use

Planning DONRE

Change/allocate public

facilities into security areas

and low venerability areas

Planning and

Investment

Provincial socio-

economic

development

planning

DPI

Green growth

Investment on natural

capital

EBA integration into local development plans

Agriculture

Agriculture

development

Plan

MARD Canh tác nông nghiệp

thích ứng với BĐKH

Development

Plan,

aquaculture and

catching

MARD

Restoring aquatic

resources

Management of aquatic

resources based on

community

Encourage sustainable

cultivation and

responsibility in

exploitation and

aquaculture

Forest

Development

Planning

MARD

Restoring coastal

mangrove forest

Improved management

and protection of forest

Quy hoạch phát

triển thủy lợiMARD

Effective irrigation,

rainfall collection and

storage system

Challenges in EBA in Viet Nam

• New concepts

• Uncertainties

• Lack of strategic information of EBA, for better planning and programming

• Capacities and resources

• Incentives for communities????

• International Cooperation necessary

21

A. Growth and Economic Transformation: rapid growth?, how? And why? B. Competitiveness of cities: PCI, Quality of life, Cost of living, Quality of housing? C. Sustainable Tourism in a Green City: What is competitive tourism development? D. New Infrastructure development and accessibility ? E. Urbanization and Agricultural Land Loss?F. Construction Master Plan: integrating the urban development direction? G. Urban redevelopment?H. Climate Change Adaptation and socio economic development?I. Eco system management under rapid urbanization to support sustainable city plan??

Environmental City, of culture and

sports, education and training, science

and technology

Industrialization & Modernization

in the region and nation focusing on

international economic integration, efficient

exploitation of advantage, urban upgrading

?

Needs of Integrated Approaches to Competitive City Development Strategies of Vietnam

Development Orientation

Thank you