interference and its mitigation in access broadband power line systems: a service provider’s...
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Interference and its Mitigation in Access Broadband Power Line Systems: A Service Provider’s Perspective. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting Denver, Colorado June 7, 2004 Paul S. Henry AT&T Laboratories – Research. Standards for Access Broadband Power Line. Standards - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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IEEE Power Engineering SocietyGeneral MeetingDenver, Colorado
June 7, 2004
Paul S. HenryAT&T Laboratories – Research
Interference and its Mitigation in Access Broadband Power Line Systems:
A Service Provider’s Perspective
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Standards for Access Broadband Power Line
Standards – Ensure compliance with regulations– Enable second source– Promote vendor competition
Special considerations due to interference -- BPL operator is not licensed to use radio spectrum
– Must not interfere with licensed services (e.g. SW, Amateur)– Must accept interference from licensed users– Burden to remediate interference problems falls on operator
Challenge is to develop a large-scale reliable service under these constraints.
– New proposed regulations from the FCC – Role (s) of IEEE
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New Regulatory Directions for Access BPL -- USA
Current law: Part 15 (Code of Federal Regulations Title 47)• Unlicensed systems must satisfy emission limits (~vendor’s responsibility)• Unlicensed users must not interfere with licensed services (~operator’s resp.)• Unlicensed users must accept interference from licensed services (~operator’s resp.)
NPRM (Feb. 04): Solicits input for changes to Part 15 to encourage deployment of Access BPL while ensuring protection of existing licensed services.
1. Define procedures appropriate to BPL for measuring interference– Change existing field-strength limits (up or down)?
2. Dynamic interference management (A new approach to regulation of unlicensed operators)
– Adaptive emission control– Remote shut-down– BPL equipment database– Expedited interference remediation
IEEE: Advise on Item 1; develop standards for Item 2.
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Waves Launched from Coupler and MV Wire
~Guided wave
Radiation
•Traveling-wave (Beverage) antenna•Thoroughly studied
•Guided wave •Carries signal to adjacent coupler and beyond•Fields decay rapidly perpendicular to wire (~1/d**2); slowly along its length
•Radiation•Remote (far-field) effects (~1/d)•‘Source’ is entire length of MV wire
•Coupler field•Localized near coupler (~1/d**3)
•Consistent with April NTIA report•For realistic ground parameters, numerical solution required
Sig Gen
Ground
CouplerMV Wire
Coupler field
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Wire axis
Parallel to wire (m)Perpendicular to wire (m)
dBuV/m
Numerical Modeling at 20 MHz
•Rapid decay perpendicular to wire•Low attenuation parallel to wire
Good signal propagation Persistent interference
•Sharp forward beam (can have >10 dBi effective gain)•Differential excitation can provide >10 dB suppression
>>Comprehensive analysis required to support regulations
Near (Local) Fields Far Fields (Antenna Pattern)
Directly beneath coupler
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Standards for Adaptive Interference Management
• Interface protocols
Notched OFDM
Emergency Services
NetworkManager
BPL EquipmentDatabase
Licensed User
• Are these the major players?• Functional details for BPL network elements
• Network security
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OFDM Notching
Physical• On-off ratio• Speed of response• Maximum number of notches• Signature
Architectural• Distributed vs centralized control • Control protocol (including verification)• Coordination with multiple receivers• Minimization of signal power• Security
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Summary
• BPL– Promising broadband access vehicle– Meager base of field experience for regulations and standards (especially
for MV systems in USA)– Not clear how to balance benefit against cost
• Two roles for IEEE– Advisory: Interference mechanisms and measurement
• Distance dependence includes 1/d**3, 1/d**2, 1/d, and ~constant• Measurement procedures needed to deal with all four
– Standards formulation: Adaptive interference management• Management architecture• Network element functionality• Communication protocols• Security
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Thank you!