interculturalcompetencechristianjfredericks.weebly.com/uploads/7/0/2/9/7029309/naspa... ·...
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Intercultural Competence: Gauging the Study Abroad Experience
Chris'an Fredericks Azusa Pacific University
March 14, 2011
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Overview
• Defini'on • Literature • Azusa Pacific University’s South Africa Semester
• Discuss Qualita've quotes • Findings • Implica'ons/Strategies
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Learning Objec8ves
Par'cipants will: – Consider various perspec'ves from literature and from their home ins'tu'ons regarding the defini'on of intercultural competence
– Iden'fy stages of intercultural competence development based on theory
– Build strategies to challenge and support the student development of intercultural competence
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Intercultural Competence
What is intercultural competence?
Why is it important to our students?
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Literature Ins'tu'onal mission statements have begun
emphasizing intercultural competence as a learning objec've for graduates
Student par'cipa'on is increasing
Theory – King and Baxter-‐Magolda’s “Intercultural Maturity” – Deardorff’s “Pyramid of Intercultural Competence”
What influences student outcomes related to studying abroad
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South Africa Semester Program learning outcomes
Research ques'on:
“How effec9ve is the South Africa study abroad program at increasing intercultural competence among student
par9cipants?”
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Methodology
• Undergraduate students from a
4-‐year, faith-‐based ins'tu'on
• Stra'fied random sampling
• Snowball Method
• Interview protocol – Seven ques'ons
• Adapted from a locally published source
• Focus groups and Individual Interviews
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Limita'ons
• Complexity of intercultural competency development
• Assessment is therefore difficult
• Limited Sample Size
• Self-‐perceived
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Pyramid Model of Intercultural Competence
DESIRED EXTERNAL OUTCOME: Behaving and communica'ng effec'vely and appropriately (based on one’s intercultural knowledge, skills, and a^tudes) to achieve one’s goals to some degree
DESIRED INTERNAL OUTCOME: Informed frame of reference/filter shiK: Adaptability (to different communica'on styles & behaviors; adjustment to new cultural environments); Flexibility (selec'ng & using appropriate communica'on styles & behaviors; cogni've flexibility); Ethnorela've view; Empathy
Knowledge & Comprehension: Cultural self-‐awareness; Deep understanding & knowledge of culture (including contexts, role and impact of culture & others’ world views); Culture-‐specific informa'on; Sociolinguis'c awareness
Skills: To listen, observe, and interpret To analyze, evaluate, and relate
Requisite APtudes: Respect (valuing other cultures, cultural diversity) Openness (to intercultural learning & to people from other cultures, withholding judgment) Curiosity and discovery (tolera'ng ambiguity and uncertainty)
• Move from personal level (a/tude) to interpersonal/interac7ve level (outcome) • Degree of intercultural competence depends on acquired degree of underlying elements
Pyramid Model of Intercultural Competence Source: Deardorff (2004).
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Requisite APtudes: Respect (valuing other cultures, cultural diversity) Openness (to intercultural learning & to people from other cultures, withholding judgment) Curiosity and discovery (tolera'ng ambiguity and uncertainty)
• Move from personal level (aCtude) to interpersonal/interac9ve level (outcome) • Degree of intercultural competence depends on acquired degree of underlying elements
Pyramid Model of Intercultural Competence Source: Deardorff (2004).
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• Move from personal level (aCtude) to interpersonal/interac9ve level (outcome) • Degree of intercultural competence depends on acquired degree of underlying elements
Pyramid Model of Intercultural Competence Source: Deardorff (2004).
Knowledge & Comprehension: Cultural self-‐awareness; Deep understanding & knowledge of culture (including contexts, role and impact of culture & others’ world views); Culture-‐specific informa'on; Sociolinguis'c awareness
Skills: To listen, observe, and interpret To analyze, evaluate, and relate
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DESIRED INTERNAL OUTCOME: Informed frame of reference/filter shiK: Adaptability (to different communica'on styles & behaviors; adjustment to new cultural environments); Flexibility (selec'ng & using appropriate communica'on styles & behaviors; cogni've flexibility); Ethnorela've view; Empathy
• Move from personal level (aCtude) to interpersonal/interac9ve level (outcome) • Degree of intercultural competence depends on acquired degree of underlying elements
Pyramid Model of Intercultural Competence Source: Deardorff (2004).
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DESIRED EXTERNAL OUTCOME: Behaving and communica'ng effec'vely and appropriately (based on one’s intercultural knowledge, skills, and a^tudes) to achieve one’s goals to some degree
• Move from personal level (aCtude) to interpersonal/interac9ve level (outcome) • Degree of intercultural competence depends on acquired degree of underlying elements
Pyramid Model of Intercultural Competence Source: Deardorff (2004).
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Pyramid Model of Intercultural Competence
DESIRED EXTERNAL OUTCOME: Behaving and communica'ng effec'vely and appropriately (based on one’s intercultural knowledge, skills, and a^tudes) to achieve one’s goals to some degree
DESIRED INTERNAL OUTCOME: Informed frame of reference/filter shiK: Adaptability (to different communica'on styles & behaviors; adjustment to new cultural environments); Flexibility (selec'ng & using appropriate communica'on styles & behaviors; cogni've flexibility); Ethnorela've view; Empathy
Knowledge & Comprehension: Cultural self-‐awareness; Deep understanding & knowledge of culture (including contexts, role and impact of culture & others’ world views); Culture-‐specific informa'on; Sociolinguis'c awareness
Skills: To listen, observe, and interpret To analyze, evaluate, and relate
Requisite APtudes: Respect (valuing other cultures, cultural diversity) Openness (to intercultural learning & to people from other cultures, withholding judgment) Curiosity and discovery (tolera'ng ambiguity and uncertainty)
• Move from personal level (a/tude) to interpersonal/interac7ve level (outcome) • Degree of intercultural competence depends on acquired degree of underlying elements
Pyramid Model of Intercultural Competence Source: Deardorff (2004).
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Student One
“Culturally, I’ve been aeracted to just experiencing different
cultures and different ways people think and respond to situa'ons of suffering and ways of thinking and learning from others that have
grown up different ways then me.”
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Student Two
She had become, “opened to different perspec'ves and styles
of living with God.”
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Student Three
“I think it [program’s effect] is learning to have an open mind, because
when you go into another culture, you are given a mirror to your own
and you realize things about yourself and your culture that you
have never realized before.”
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Student Four
She realized “there is so much I can learn from a culture and it is more of just allowing them to help me…each culture does have something to offer.”
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Student Five
Intercultural competence is, “the ability and understanding of how to engage with different kinds of people that come from different backgrounds. The mindset of
being a learner, more of a listener and an informa'on gatherer before informa'on giver.”
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Findings
• Qualita've – Analysis indicated four themes
• Prerequisite A^tudes, Knowledge/Understanding, Skills, Educated Frame of Reference/Filter Shij
– Yes – The South Africa Semester is effec've at increasing intercultural competence
– Why?
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How was intercultural competence development supported?
• Pre-‐departure prepara'on
• In country support
• Re-‐entry support
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How would you assess the development of intercultural competence among the students you serve?
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References Bollag, B. (2004). Get out of the country, please. The Chronicle of
Higher Educa9on, 51(13), A42. Childress, L.K. (2009). Interna'onaliza'on plans for higher
educa'on ins'tu'ons. Journal of Studies in Interna9onal Educa9on, 13. 289-‐309. doi: 10.1177/1028315308329804.
Clarke III, I., Flaherty, T.B., Wright, N.D., & McMillen, R.M. (2009). Student intercultural proficiency from study abroad programs. Journal of Marke9ng Educa9on, 31. doi: 10.1177/0273475309335583
Deardorff, D.K. (2004). The iden9fica9on and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of interna9onal educa9on at ins9tu9ons of higher educa9on in the United States. Unpublished disserta'on, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
Deardorff, D.K. (2006). Iden'fica'on and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of interna'onaliza'on. Journal of Studies in Interna9onal Educa9on, 10, 241-‐266. doi: 10.1177/1028315306287002
King, P.M., & Baxter Magolda, M.B. (2005). A developmental model of intercultural maturity. Journal of College Student Development, 46(6), 571-‐592.
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References, cont. McCabe, L.T. (2001). Interna'onaliza'on: The impact on
educa'on abroad programs. Journal of Studies in Interna9onal Educa9on, 5, 138-‐145. doi: 10.1177/102831530152004
McLeod, M., & Wainwright, P. (2009). Researching the study abroad experience. Journal of Studies in Interna9onal Educa9on, 13, 66-‐71. doi: 10.1177/1028315308317219
Rundstrom Williams, T. (2005). Exploring the impact of study abroad on students’ intercultural communica'on skills: Adaptability and sensi'vity. Journal of Studies in Interna9onal Educa9on, 9. 356-‐371. doi: 10.1177/1028315305277681
Slimbach, R. (2010). Becoming world wise: A guide to global learning. Appendix A. World Wise Books.
S'er, J. (2006). Interna'onalisa'on, intercultural communica'on and intercultural competence. Journal of Intercultural Communica9on, (11), 1-‐12.
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Chris8an Fredericks chris'[email protected]
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