PRESENTED BY

NAME : SIBA PRASAD PRADHAN

SIC NO. : ET103350

REGD N0. : 1001209328

SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

 INTERCEPTOR MISSILEAND

AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

HOW DOES IT WORKS?

ELEMENTS OF MISSILE DEFENCE

PHASES OF INTERCEPTION BOOST PHASE INTERCEPT MID-COURSE INTERCEPT TERMINAL PHASE INTERCEPT

PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Interceptor misssile is an anti-ballistic designed to counter the ballistic missiles like intermediate range and intercontinental ballistic missiles(more then 10,000 km) .

Interceptors may or maynot carry warhead aims at destroying target with impact of collison.

United States(Patriot and THAAD), Russia, France, India(PAD & AAD) and Israel(Arrow and Iron Dome) have all developed missile defence systems.

Interceptor operates in 3 to 8 mach speed with range 80 to 500 km.

Interceptors can be launched from air , sea or land depending on phase it is in.

INTRODUCTION

HOW DOES IT WORKS ?

ELEMENTS OF MISSILLE DEFENCEUpgraded Early-warning Radar (UEWR)

X-band/Ground-based Radar(XBR)

This is a phased-array surveillance radar that can detect and track ballistic missiles.UEWRs will be used to detect and track missiles and other projectiles during their midcourse phase, before cueing the more precise X-Band Radar. Operate in the VHF/UHF range (typically 400 MHz).

This consists of a multi-function phased array radar that uses high frequency (typically 8-12 ghz).The XBR will discriminate decoys and warheads.The high-resolution accurately discriminate between closely spaced objects. XBR radar has a 50-degree field of view and can rotate 360 degrees to track targets. It will transmit a radiation pattern in a narrow beam made up of electromagnetic pulses. The radar site consists of the X-band radar mounted on a pedestal, a control and maintenance facility, a power generation facility and a 492-foot (150-m) protected area. The XBR site will cover 17.46 acres.

Space-based Infrared System(SBIRS)

There are three kinds of SBIRS satellites, including four geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites, twohighly elliptical orbit (HEO) satellites and an unspecified number of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Eventually, there will be a 24-satellite constellation that will start tracking enemy missiles earlier than radar, allowing for quicker response

Ground-based Interceptors (GBIs)

The Ground-Based Interceptor (GBI) is a component of the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD) System. It is launched from a silo and intercepts ballistic missiles in their midcourse, while they are outside of the atmosphere and at their highest trajectory. The GBI consists of a multi-stage rocket booster (BV – Boost Vehicle) and a kinetic kill vehicle (EKV – Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle), 

PHASES OF INTERCEPTIONS

Defense Support Program satellites (DSP) gives the information about the launch site through IR sensors.

Small homing Interceptors command over radio is used to intercept the target point.

Ground Based Interceptors(GBI) follows heat signatures coming from the target booster flame.

Interceptors follow blind reckoning in this phase.

Air Borne Laser (ABL) in order to weaken or melt the structure on a missile during boost phase.

BOOST PHASE INTERCEPT

MID COURSE INTERCEPTPhase can last 20 minutes and provide good window for interception.

Utilizes an Exo-atmospheric Kill Vehicle (EKV) to destroy the incoming target using hit-to-kill technology.

 Defense Support Program (DSP) satellites; Space Based Infrared System-High (SBIRS-High) satellites; the Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS); Upgraded Early Warning Radars (UEWRs); a Battle Management, Command, Control and Communications (BMC3) unit; the Sea-Based X-Band Radar (SBX); and Ground-Based Interceptor (GBI) missiles work together for providing complete Interception.

Range is detected using radar equations. E_s = E_o \sigma/R^2 d\Omega (transmitted energy) E_r = E_s A/4\pi R^2 = E_o A^2 \sigma/(4\pi R^4 \lambda^2)=NkT (received energy)

Interceptors have to diffrentiate between decoys and actual warhead.

The XBR will track missiles as they fly closer to the missiles intended target and assess which missiles are decoys and which are armed with warheads.

TERMINAL PHASE INTERCEPT

ICBM warheads are highly visible to radar and to optical sensors, because of the very hot "wake" produced by the Mach-23 RV as it enters the atmosphere.

Decoys and light chaff are no longer effective against sensors, because they will be retarded or destroyed on reentry.

Interceptors must be of high speed compared to the RVs .

Multiple Interceptors are used in this phase as it is necessary to hit the target.

 Radars must be more closely spaced to see RVs down to altitudes of reentry, and interceptors cannot drive out hundreds or thousands of km through the atmosphere.

PROBABILISTIC ANALYSISProbability thatdefense will destroy all targets (a “leak-proof” defense) can be represented by the following equation

P = Probability of leak-proof defensep = Probability that interceptor will hit target8n = Number of interceptors fired at each targetN = Number of targetsOne can use this equation in order

P = (1-(1-p)^n)^N

CONCLUSION

Deploying of interceptors adds a big leap towards a countries defense.

It’s brings in cost reduction in Defense purchase and development.

Countermeasures provides high security against any nuclear war.

For countries under NPT (like India) missile defence technology provides greater scope of defence against any nuclear warhead.

The field of ballistic missile defense is full of fascinating problems of physics and engineering

REFERENCES

1- General Accounting Office, “Theater Missile Defense: Significant Technical Challenges Face the Airborne Laser Program,” GAO/NSIAD-98-37, (Washington D.C., U.S. General ACCOUNTING OFFICE, OCTOBER 1997.

2- S. Weiner,"Systems and Technology" in "Ballistic Missile Defense", A.B. Carter and D.N. Schwartz, Eds. (The Brookings Institution, 1984). This volume is an accessible compilation of technical and strategic aspects of BMD. 3- Bethe, H.A. and Garwin, R.L. "Anti-Ballistic-Missile Systems," Scientific American 218, 3, pp. 21-31, March 1968. 4- G.E. Forden, IEEE SPECTRUM, Sept. 1997, "The Airborne Laser", pp. 40-49. 5-  IEEE SPECTRUM, September 1997, "Ballistic Missile Defense: It's Back", with 5 articles on BMD. Also J. Pike, "Ballistic Missile Defense: Is the U.S. 'Rushing to Failure?', Arms Control Today, April 1998, Vol. 28, No. 3, p.9-13. (Available at http://www.armscontrol.org/ACT/april98/pikap98.htm)  

?THANK YOU!

ANY QUESTIONS…..