interaktionsdesign session 2 designerprocessen. 1. tími designerens nye rolle – thomas dickson...
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Interaktionsdesign
Session 2
Designerprocessen
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1. Tími
• Designerens nye rolle – Thomas Dickson– Debat om design – hvad er design?– Nytænkning i design – forskning og
redefinering (innovation – solutions)– Brugeren først
• Eames:
”Design is the solution to a problem”
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Nye metoder i design
• Stammer fra:– Etnologi– Antropology– Sociology– Kognitiv psykologi
– Research af brugernes behov/syn på løsninger• Problemstillinger• Kortlægning af promblems karakter og omfang• Visioner for løsninger• Design/redesign
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Löwgren & Stolterman
• The design process – complex and diverse – difficult to describe in a
universal or general way– Still, a need for descriptions, models or
theories– The designer has to be critical to what he
uses – thus thoughtful design stance– Focus on early stages/parts of design work
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From vision to specification
• Beginning of design process:– Background material– Problem statement– List of requirements– Task description
• Design of the design process– Often the most important design work in a typical
project– Conditions for the subsequent process– Requires thoughtful design
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Thoughtful design
• Reflection on the larger picture• The overall role of the design work• Approach to be used• Need for skills and competence
• Fundamental aspects of the design of design process– Recurring leaping between details and whole /
concrete and abstract– Dilemmas – make creativity fundamental
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Three levels of abstraction
• Vision • Operative image
• Specification
• Influence each other constantly
• A fully dynamic dialectical process• Not linear or iterative
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Vision
• First organizing principle
• idea, thought, image
• Emerges in early in design process
• Elusive and contradictory
• Simultaneously diffiuse/detailed, abstract/concrete
• Influences decicions and choices in all the design process
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Operative image
– Most important part of the design process– First externalization of the vision– Diffuse image, simple sketches– Becomes a solid foundation for design work– Bridges abstract and elusive vision to the concrete and complex
situation– Relations between vision, situations and operative image force
creativity
• Operative image is operational– Explicit form: – enables manipulation, simulation and visualisation– enables communication
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Specification
• Version of an operative image that is chosen for final design
• Beginning of the construction process
• Producion of a final artifact
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The problem and the solution
• Problem– Designer´s current understanding of a design
situation
• Solution– Designer´s idea on shaping intervention in the
situation
• No right or wrong answers only actions & consequenses
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Schön 1987
• Outline for idealized design process:– Actor applies concepts, strategies and interpretations
to situations, and formulates what he is going to do / tacit-acted on
– Action leeds to a surprising result– Surprise leeds to reflection and relation to other
similarities– Reflections question familiar assumptions, rethinking
calls for new actions/interpertations/ideas– New ideas are a basis for experimentations – which
create new surprises
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Schön 1987
• “Conversation” between designer and situation
• Designer asks questions through actions or design moves
• Listens to replies and adapts further actions accordingly
• Reflection in action• Reflection on action
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Questions
• Questions are asked to learn more about the preconditions and gain understanding of the existing situation
• Why? questions are important• Challenge old ideas and open up for new
• Make design a creative and innovative process
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Freedom/restrictions
• External forces– Budget, time limits, available resources
• External representations– Sketches, drafts, models– Basic purposes:
• Form ideas• Communicate with oneself• Communicate with others
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Convergence – divergence
• Two basic approaches in design thinking
• Divergence– Broader issues, more alternatives & opportunities– Creates more information & options– Considering several ideas in paralell
• Convergence– Specific solutions– Synthesis of several ideas– Deeper understanding– Detailed & narrowly focused proposal
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Design context
• Designer needs to have knowledge and insight about the context where the design will end up – “the world around it”
• Ontology – our understanding of the world around us• Influences what we consider to be important aspects and
and dimenshions of reality
• Epistemology – our belief of what is possible to know about reality
• Determines in what way we belive it is possible to aquire knowledge about reality
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Designers approach to reality
• Designer has to be intentional and careful in choices of how to approach reality
• Many choices– Decide what dimenshions to examine– How much information is needed– What techniques and methods are suitable– How much time is awailable
• How much knowledge is needed about the present situation in order to have a good foundation for the design work.
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Example of practical main questions in IT ID
• How much do we need to know about:
– Existing work practices and procedures?– The IT system presently in use?– The users competence and knowledge?– The information content being manipulated?– Existing technology infrastructure?– Surrounding organization?– Management?– Exetera exetera exetera
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The final composition
• The present and the idea of the future combined into a single design
• The design process always results in a composition:– Aspects– Dimensions– Ideas– Limitations– opportunities
» Molded into one DESIGN
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Wholeness of design
• The whole of the artifact and the use of context
• The design has to create a meaningful whole together with the existing reality
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Design as a social process
• Design is a social process– Often many persons parttake in the design process– Has to be managed and organized
• Three layered structure– Core: designer, users and clients directly involved in
actual work– Perphery: users and clients not directly involved in
actual work– Context: surrounding environment and society at
large
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• Vantar síðustu blaðsíðurnar
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