inter succes partnerships
TRANSCRIPT
Executing successful partnerships with NASA -International Partners’ Perspectives
ESA Remarks
2010 NASA PM Challenge9-10 February 2010, Galveston, Tx
Andreas DiekmannESA Washington Office
955 L’Enfant Plaza SW – Suite 7800 – Washington, DC 20024Tel: (202) 488 4158; Email: [email protected]
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Launchers
Earth Observation
HSF + human exploration
Science + robotic exploration
Navigation
Technology
Telecom
Approved programmes per field of activity
Basic Activities
M€
• 2000 staff + 2000 on-site contractors• Strong international orientation (internally + externally)• Research and Development Agency -> Operations handed over to operators
(Arianespace, Eumetsat,..)
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EC + others
ESA Decided in 2008
ESA Decided before 2008
ESA Science & Basic Activities
ESA Budget - Funding SourcesM€
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European public space players
nationalSpace agencies ESA
ESAPrograms
NationalSpace
programs
ESACouncil
EUCouncils
SpaceCouncil
European Space Policy
ESA/EC co-funded:Galileo, GMES
FP7, other
space-related activities
EC
18 ESA Member States 27 EU Member States
national Inter-governmental supranational
5
History of NASA-ESA/ Europe space cooperation
• March 1959: US offer to European scientists to fly experiments on US satellites
• 1960ies: Close relations between NASA and ESRO
• 1969: NASA offers Europe to participate in post-Apollo activities (Shuttle, Space Station) -> resulting in Spacelab (Shuttle cooperation did not materialise)
• 1983: First ESA astronaut on Space Shuttle (STS-9 Spacelab)
• 1984: President Reagan’s invitation to participate in Space Station Programme
• 1990ies: Cooperative science missions (SOHO, Ulysses, Hubble)
6
Current NASA-ESA space cooperation
• International Space Station
• Space exploration (human, robotic)
• Space Science (Cassini/Huygens, Hubble, JWST,…)
• Earth Science (joint search for new cooperation opportunities)
• Space Transportation (recent MoU)
• Space Situational Awareness (exchange of info)
7
Peculiarities of NASA-ESA space cooperation
• NASA is ESA’s most significant cooperation partner (in terms of history and volume of cooperation).
• ESA/European space engineering and management culture is based on NASA model.
• In many cases, there is long continuity of personal contacts between ESA and NASA programme and project managers.
• ESA is much smaller than NASA. Therefore, (a) NASA mostly in leadership role, (b) the prominent mode of cooperation so far: contributions to each others missions; new trend: more integrated cooperation.
8
Ingredients of a successful cooperation –from a project manager’s view (1/ 2)
• “Collaboration in a project should be like a marriage, not like a business contract” – in terms of demands on trust, transparency and credibility – “surprises” to be avoided.
• Nevertheless, early, clear and detailed formulation and documentation of the project baseline (programmatic, technical and management) and establishment of mechanism to control that baseline.
• Early and clear definition of inter-Agency interfaces (minimize the number and complexity of interfaces!)
• Regular and frequent communication.
9
Ingredients of a successful cooperation –from a project manager’s view (2/ 2)
• Recognition/Acceptance of differences in the processes of ESA and NASA – do not invent specific processes just for the specific project (however PM see need for “common processes and standards”).
• Joint teams are important, but should not result in blurring of the responsibilities of each partner.
• International cooperation requires the involvement of various capacities on both sides in addition to project management (e.g. external relations, legal service). Good communication and careful distribution of roles are important.
10
Conclusions• There is a strong cooperation heritage and fundament –
often manifested in trustful and long-lasting personal relationships between project managers on both sides.
• Programmatic decisions can sometimes complicate or disrupt matters.
• The future may show – more integrated cooperative programmes/projects (not just a
“contribution-mode” of cooperation). – More partners in a project (intern., commercial, academia)
This may pose new challenges for project managers.• Our PM cultures are similar. This should help overcoming
those challenges.
Executing Successful Partnerships
With NASA
An International Partner’s Perspective:
Lessons Learned
2010 NASA PM Challenge
Galveston, TexasGraham Gibbs
Counsellor Space Affairs - Canadian Space Agency
Canadian Embassy
Washington
February 9, 2010Used with Permission
OUTLINE• Overview Canada-United Civil Space Cooperation
• The Big Picture
• Space Science and Earth Observation
• International Space Station Lessons Learned for PMs
• Applying Lessons Learned to International Exploration
• Conclusions
ATTACHED: A more detailed version of the presentation
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Canada – United States Civil Space Cooperation
• Human Space Flight (Shuttle & ISS)
• Astronaut Corps (Cdn astronauts embedded at JSC)
• Life & Microgravity Science (Shuttle & ISS)
• Earth Science and Observation (Instruments & RADARSAT)
• Astronomy (JWST and Cdn MOST)
• Heliophysics (THEMIS & International Living With a Star)
• Exploration (Mars Phoenix & MSL et al)
• Earth Science & Observation (RADARSAT)
• Ice Monitoring & Cooperation with the
Canadian Ice Service (RADARSAT)
• Earth Science & Observation (RADARSAT)
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
The Big Picture Lessons LearnedFrom the Private Sector:
The best agreements;
Might be difficult to negotiate
but don't have to be referred to later.
Fair (profitable) for both/all parties.
From the Public (Space) Sector: Be prepared for national prerogatives,
Understand differing cultures,
Accept the risks as well as the benefits,
Funding; consistency & no-exchange,
Be prepared to seek compromises.
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Space Science and Earth Observation 1 of 2
Some Realities to Consider - Positive and Negative
International collaboration among scientists,
International Announcements of Opportunity –
most often competitive,
Projects usually on no-exchange-of-funds basis,
Obligations subject to "availability of appropriated funds",
Barters e.g. launch-for-data
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Space Science and Earth Observation 2 of 2
Some Realities to Consider - Positive and Negative
Partners responsibilities are deliverables -
not financial investment,
Agreements legally binding or
political/morale commitments,
Data sharing,
National Security interests –
technology transfer, data policies etc.
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
ISS Lessons LearnedImplications for Project Managers
Managing the classical parameters (cost, schedule, performance)
is no longer sufficient
Must manage through political changes that can/will have
fundamental impact on program
Diplomatic skills are essential to the "first among equals" concept
International cooperation takes considerable extra time & effort
Flexibility and understanding are essential
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Applying Lessons Learned to International Exploration of Space
We will not be able to identify every contingency in advance so
structure for cooperation must allow for flexibility.
High-level political leadership may be necessary to garner
international support/participation e.g. the ISS & GEO examples.
Recognize the many similarities in partners plans/aspirations for
exploration.
Exploration beyond Earth orbit is an intrinsically global enterprise.
International partnerships provide tangible benefits
e.g. broadening public & political support, sharing cost & risk,
enrich scientific & technical content, sustainability.
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Conclusions• Agreements should be mutually beneficial and binding
• Expect to share the risks as well as the benefits
• Expect to compromise
• Appreciate differing cultures, methods, national prerogatives
• Cooperation most often on a no-exchange of funds basis
• Barters work
• Partners responsibilities are “deliverables” not financial
• Be prepared to manage through political changes
• Cooperation can be hard but going alone can be harder
• Be a reliable and welcomed partner
• US ITARS – live with it !!
• NASA is a generous partner (though at times difficult!)
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Thank You
Graham Gibbs
Counsellor Space Affairs - Canadian Space Agency
Canadian Embassy
www.asc-csa.gc.ca
Executing Successful Partnerships
With NASA
An International Partner’s Perspective:
Lessons Learned
2010 NASA PM Challenge
Galveston, TexasGraham Gibbs
Counsellor Space Affairs - Canadian Space Agency
Canadian Embassy
Washington
February 9, 2010
HANDOUT
OUTLINE• Overview Canada-United Civil Space Cooperation
• The Big Picture
• Space Science and Earth Observation
• International Space Station
• Group on Earth Observations
• The Global Exploration Strategy and the International Space Exploration Coordination Group
• Conclusions
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Canada – United States Civil Space Cooperation
• Human Space Flight (Shuttle & ISS)
• Astronaut Corps (Cdn astronauts embedded at JSC)
• Life & Microgravity Science (Shuttle & ISS)
• Earth Science and Observation (Instruments & RADARSAT)
• Astronomy (JWST and Cdn MOST)
• Heliophysics (THEMIS & International Living With a Star)
• Exploration (Mars Phoenix & MSL et al)
• Earth Science & Observation (RADARSAT)
• Ice Monitoring & Cooperation with the
Canadian Ice Service (RADARSAT)
• Earth Science & Observation (RADARSAT)
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
The Big Picture Lessons LearnedFrom the Private Sector:
The best agreements;
Might be difficult to negotiate
but don't have to be referred to later.
Fair (profitable) for both/all parties.
From the Public (Space) Sector: Be prepared for national prerogatives,
Understand differing cultures,
Accept the risks as well as the benefits,
Funding; consistency & no-exchange,
Be prepared to seek compromises.
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Space Science and Earth Observation 1 of 2
Some Realities to Consider - Positive and Negative
International collaboration among scientists,
International Announcements of Opportunity –
most often competitive,
Projects usually on no-exchange-of-funds basis,
Obligations subject to "availability of appropriated funds",
Barters e.g. launch-for-data
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Space Science and Earth Observation 2 of 2
Some Realities to Consider - Positive and Negative
Partners responsibilities are deliverables -
not financial investment,
Agreements legally binding or
political/morale commitments,
Data sharing,
National Security interests –
technology transfer, data policies etc.
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
US Initiative-January 1984 (State of Union Address)
A Cold War demonstration of U.S. leadership and alliances
From Cold War instrument into post-Cold War cooperation
All partners now providing "critical elements" instead of
"enhancements"
Specific contributions – some duplication
Shared Operations
Long Term Science
"Single" Destination in Space
Evolution of the ISS and Its Partnership
Anticipate the Unexpected !
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Structure of the ISS Partnership
IGA
Intergovernmental Agreement:
• Legal Regime
• Top-Level Political Commitments
• Multilateral (15 nations)
NASA/CSA NASA/ESA NASA/GOJ NASA/FSA
Memoranda of Understanding:
• Detailed Implementation
• Roles & Responsibilities
• Obligations & Rights
IGA Art. 1: "…, under the lead role of the United States for overall
management and coordination …"
Implementing
Arrangements
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
ISS Lessons LearnedImplications for Project Managers
Managing the classical parameters (cost, schedule, performance)
is no longer sufficient
Must manage through political changes that can/will have
fundamental impact on program
Diplomatic skills are essential to the "first among equals" concept
International cooperation takes considerable extra time & effort
Flexibility and understanding are essential
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Washington, D.C.
July 31, 2003
Launched at the Ministerial Level:
Political Support and Commitment is Essential for any Mega Project
EARTH OBSERVATION SUMMIT I
Health
EcosystemsDisasters
Water
Climate
Agriculture
Biodiversity
Weather
Energy Management
GEO Societal Benefit Areas
Global Exploration Strategy: The Framework for Coordination
• August 2006, 14 space agencies discussed the
definition of a vision for globally coordinated space
exploration.
• May 2007, release of
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
What is the Global Exploration Strategy?
• A high-level compelling story of the value of exploration that can be
used to explain this effort to policy makers and the general public
• A blueprint that will serve as a starting point for:
– Coordination: coordination among participants to maximize what
can be accomplished
– Collaboration: discussions between participants regarding areas
of potential collaboration
The strategy focuses on
destinations within the solar system
where humans may one day live and work
Applying Lessons Learned to International Exploration of Space
We will not be able to identify every contingency in advance so
structure for cooperation must allow for flexibility.
High-level political leadership may be necessary to garner
international support/participation e.g. the ISS & GEO examples.
Recognize the many similarities in partners plans/aspirations for
exploration.
Exploration beyond Earth orbit is an intrinsically global enterprise.
International partnerships provide tangible benefits
e.g. broadening public & political support, sharing cost & risk,
enrich scientific & technical content, sustainability.
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
Conclusions• Agreements should be mutually beneficial and binding
• Expect to share the risks as well as the benefits
• Expect to compromise
• Appreciate differing cultures, methods, national prerogatives
• Cooperation most often on a no-exchange of funds basis
• Barters work
• Partners responsibilities are “deliverables” not financial
• Be prepared to manage through political changes
• Cooperation can be hard but going alone can be harder
• Be a reliable and welcomed partner
• US ITARS – live with it !!
• NASA is a generous partner (though at times difficult!)
Back-Up Charts
Factors Contributing to Canada’s Success with NASA
And
Examples of Niche Contributions
Factors Contributing to Our Success
• Recognition: Canada - small space faring nation
• Ability to "identify" & "nurture" S&T niches
• Focus on areas where Canada excelso Develop world-class expertiseo Unique leadership and contributiono Desired and valued partner
• Deliberate & focused investments
• Anticipate the future through advanced R&D
• “Space Team Canada” approach i.e. govt, industry, academia
EARTH OBSERVATION
RADARSAT- 1 • Launch for data arrangement with NASA and NOAA• Nov 1995 to May 2008• Data for National Ice Service• Data for NASA, NOAA and USGS research• 1999 first mapping of Antarctica
RADARSAT- 2• Public-Private-Partnership• Some data sharing between
Canadian and U.S. Ice Service• Opportunities for joint research
RADARSAT-CONSTELLATION• Studies underway• Preliminary discussion for cooperation with NASA, NOAA and USGS
Examples of Niche Contributions
ASTRONOMY
HELIOPHYSICSCanadian Ground segment
James Webb Space TelescopeU.S. with ESA and CSA instruments
CSA: Fine Guidance Sensor
(critical for pointing)
Tuneable Filter Imager
CSAMOST
CSA Cassiope
ePOP instrument
THEMIS
Examples of Niche Contributions
MOST Canada's "Humble" Space Telescope!
Opportunities for U.S. Guest Principal Investigators
HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT
The Early Beginnings of Canada's Human Space Flight Program
• 1969 NASA approached Canada and Europe to join the Shuttle program
• 1969- 1975 technical studies led to Canadarm
• 1975 Canada-US Agreement:
• Canada to fund R&D and 1st flight unit
• US to buy 3 flight units
• US responsible for R&O
• Canada granted privileged access to Shuttle
• 1981 1st flight of Canadarm
• 1983 Canadian astronauts corps established
• 1984 1st Canadian astronaut mission
Examples of Niche Contributions
HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT
Examples of Niche Contributions
HUMAN SPACE
FLIGHT
Criteria for Canada’s Participation in Exploration
Contributions• Early, Scalable,Transferable• Critical, Visible and Welcomed
Decision Criteria
• Visible to the Canadian Public• Meets Canadian science goals• Uses Canadian enabling/heritage technologies• Develops sustainable core competencies• Results in Canadians flying in space• Consistent with the Global Exploration Strategy
Executing Successful Partnerships with NASA
- International Partners’ Perspectives
YOSHInori YOSHImura
JAXA Washington Office
Feb. 9, 2010
@NASA PM Challenge 2010
JAXA Organization and Resources
President
Policy Coordination Technical Management
Executive Directors
Total Personnel1670
Annual Budget199 B yen (2 B US$)
As of April 2009
Admin. Management
Aviation
Program Group
Inst. of Space &
Astro. Science
Aerospace R&D
Directorate
Space
Transportation
Mission
Directorate
Human Space
Systems and
Utilization
Mission
Directorate
Lunar &
Planetary
Exploration
Program Group
Space
Applications
Mission
Directorate
Environment Observation
Disaster Monitoring
Satellite Navigation &
Communication
Contribution to
Realization of
“Safe and Secure Society"
Space Science
Lunar and Planetary
Exploration
International Space Station
Challenge to
Unknown Frontier
Independent Ability for Space
Activity
Contribution to Aerospace Industry
Research &
Development
2
Outline of the 2nd Mid-term Plan
(2008-2013)
Two major areas of activities in the 2nd Mid-term Plan
• Contribution toward a secure and prosperous society
– to place a special emphasis on
(1) Global environment observation
(2) Disaster monitoring and communication
(3) Navigation by satellites
• Expansion of human frontiers– to utilize Kibo (Japanese Experiment Module) of ISS as
a new platform for space activities of Japan and other countries;
– to promote space science program with a special emphasis on the fields which Japan possesses advantage;
– to formulate a Moon and planetary exploration program for the future.
3
Project Overview of the 2nd Mid-term Plan
H-IIＢlaunch vehicle
H-ⅡTransfer Vehicle（HTV）
Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite
（GOSAT）
To Contribute towardindustry needs using fundamental
tech
ISS/Japanese Experiment Module
(JEM) Kibo
Venus Climate Orbiter
（PLANET-C) Radio Astronomy
Satellite （ASTRO-G）
1st Quasi-Zenith Satellite
Global Precipitation Measurement
Satellite/Dual-frequency
Precipitation Radar (GPM/DPR)Precipitation
Global Change Observation Mission-Water（GCOM-W）
Moisture
Greenhouseeffect gases
MHI
Contributions toward a Secure and Prosperous Society (R&D)
Development of Advanced Technologies
Advanced Solid Rocket
GPS Availability enhancement
・Performance enhancement
Global Change Observation Mission-Climate（GCOM-C）
Cloud Aerosol RadiationMission/Cloud Profiling Radar
(EarthCARE/CPR)
Cloud/Aerosol
Environment
International Space Station（ISS）
Space ScienceSpace Explorer
Int‟l Mercury
ExplorationProject
（BepiColombo)
Space Transportation
Next Generation SST
Aeronautics
Successor of SELenological and
ENgineering Explorer (SELENE)
KAGUYA
Successor of Asteroid Explorer
(HAYABUSA)
Navigation Satellite
Expansion of Human Frontiers
LNG Propulsion System(GX Rocket)
X-ray Astronomy Satellite （ASTRO-
H）
4
• International cooperation between the United States and Japan started in 1969, when "The Japan-U.S. Joint Communiqué" on cooperation in space development was signed.
• Since then, JAXA has been participating in international projects, many of which are led by NASA. This includes the International Space Station as well as Earth Science, and Space Science missions.
International Cooperation with USA
5
Current Cooperative Projects with NASA1. ISS Cooperation
• Japanese Experiment Module “KIBO” and HTV/H2-B• ISS Development, Operation and Utilization
2. Space Exploration Cooperation (exploring future opportunities)• International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG)
3. Earth Science Cooperation• Aqua (AMSR-E), TRMM, DAICHI(ALOS), IBUKI (GOSAT), GPM , GCOM• Decadal Survey Missions & GEOSS (exploring future opportunities)
4. Space Science Cooperation• Fermi, HINODE, SWIFT, NOZOMI, ASCA, ASTRO-H, KAGUYA, SUZAKU,
HAYABUSA, HALCA, GEOTAIL• Astrophysics & Planetary Science & Heliophysics
Cooperation Levels:– Level 0: Information & Data Exchange (Earth & Space Science)– Level 1: Payload Provision (Earth & Space Science)– Level 2: Joint HW Development (TRMM,GPM, etc.)– Level 3: Joint Program (ISS)
Maintaining a close partnership with NASA has become indispensable for JAXA
• Almost all JAXA programs and projects involve some level of cooperation with NASA.
• JAXA uses almost identical development process and technical standards with NASA.
Please note that:
• JAXA covers almost same areas of activities as NASA does but with 1/10th the amount of resources (in terms of budget and JAXA staff).
• When NASA makes changes to its programs, the changes can impact JAXA – quickly and severely!
Lessons Learned (Things that should be done)
• Enthusiasm and tolerance are the key traits to emphasize when one seeks to engage partners and to sustain a partnership.
• Common goals and objectives need to be identified and shared among the partners to align their efforts.
• Cooperation must be based on mutual benefits.• The best leaders are those who lead in a benevolent and reassuring
fashion that supports partners‟ goals.
• An effective partnership is one that emphasizes:– Mutual respect & trust - personal relationships are key– Commitment to meet responsibilities and to the success of the
joint project• High level political endorsement is required to initiate large scale
cooperation programs (e.g. future exploration initiatives).• Public support is the key to sustaining large scale cooperation
program (e.g. ISS and future exploration initiatives).
Lessons Learned (Things to avoid)
• Keep overall program goals (including those of your partners) in mind – not just NASA‟s goals.
• Don‟t try to do everything alone. Consider involving
close partners in „critical path‟ roles (e.g. JAXA‟s
provision of the HTV for the Space Station). • Avoid making unilateral decisions – try first to indicate a
common path and build a consensus. • Listen to the suggestions of your partners – once in a
while you may learn something!• In managing joint projects, don‟t be „exclusive‟ – try to be
„inclusive‟ whenever you can.
Conclusion
“You can always count on Americans to do the right thing,
after they've tried everything else.”
– Sir Winston Churchill
I hope you do always the right thing… but without
doing everything else!
As the world‟s largest and most successful space agency,
NASA inspires and frequently leads space exploration and space applications programs throughout the world.
Backup Charts
Space Strategy and Organizations
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Ministry of the Environment
Space Activities Commission (SAC)
Cabinet OfficeCouncil for S&T Policy (CSTP)
* Headed by Prime Minister
Space Panel
Cabinet
Ministry of Internal Affairs & Communications
The SpaceBasic Law
(May 2008)
Cabinet SecretariatThe Strategic Headquartersfor Space Policy
The Space Basic Plan
JAXA Mid-term Plan
12
Japan’s Space Basic Law was enacted on 26 May, 2008.Pillars of the Law are Diplomacy on Space, Industrial Development, and Security
Secretariat of Strategic Headquarters for Space Development was established on 26 August, 2008.set up in the Cabinet Secretariat as the governmental space development management office.
Space Basic Plan will be established in May 2009 approved by the Prime Minister.
Review and modify the HQs for Space Policy, JAXA, and SAC within the next year
Basic Space Law of Japan
13
Outline of Basic Space Law ✔ Peaceful Use of Space
Promotion of Space Development and Utilization in line with international
agreements for space activities.
(i.e. Space Development and Utilization shall be carried out pursuant to the treaties and other
international agreements on space development and utilization in accordance with the idea of pacifist
principles in the Constitution of Japan.)
✔ Improvement of Citizens' Lives, etc.
Utilization of Satellites contributing to Improvement of Citizens’ Lives, National
Security, etc.
✔ Promotion of Industries
Ensuring Autonomous Launch Capability Satellites, etc.
Promotion of Private Businesses on Space Development and Utilization
Maintenance and Improvement of Reliability of Technologies on Space
Development and Utilization
✔ Development of Human Society
Promotion of Space Science to contribute to realizing dreams of, and the
betterment of lives for, humankind.
✔ Promotion of International Cooperation, etc.
Promotion of International Cooptation for contributing to enhancing Japan’s role
in the international society and to the furtherance of Japan’s interests.
✔ Consideration of Environment Preservation
Promotion of Space development in harmony with the Environment,
and Ensuring International Cooperation on preservation of the Environment.
JAXA Tokyo Office
JAXA Field Centers
Tsukuba Space Center
Aerospace Research Ctr.
Okinawa T & C Stn.
Earth Observation Ctr.
Sagamihara Campus
Kakuda Space Ctr.
Katsuura T & C Stn.Usuda Deep Space Ctr.
Kagoshima Space Center
Noshiro Testing Ctr.
Ogasawara Downrange Stn.
Reason OfficesWashington, DC, USA
Huston, TX, USA
Paris, France
Bangkok, Thailand
15
JAXA Budget Trend
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
JAXA
NASDA
NAL
ＩＳＡＳ
Establishment of JAXAOctober, 2003
100M\
16
JAXA Budget for FY 2009
\9.2
5%
\41.1
21%
\31.2
16%
\16.5
9%
\17.9
9%
\40.2
21%
\36.4
19%
Ratio for each field of program in JAXA Budget from GOJ
(Total : \192.5B)
B
B
B
BB
B
B
※ Budget was increased 2.6% from FY2008 (Total \187.5B)
$1= \100Total : $1.925B
$165M
$179M $411M$92M
$364M
$402M
$312MSpace Applications
Space Technology
Space Science Others ReliabilityImprovementProgram
Space Flight And Operations
ISS
17
ISSKIBO/Japanese Experiment Module
•KIBO means “hope” in Japanese
•JAXA’s share of Utilization and Operation= 12.8% (in US Segment)
18
- Unmanned cargo transfer spacecraft that will deliver up to 6 tons of supplies to ISS
- Key space transportation system technology of Japan together with the H-IIB launch
vehicle
- Successfully launched on Sep. 11, 2009 and disposed on Nov.1, 2009
ISSHTV (H-II Transfer Vehicle)
HTV (Image) HTV (Proto-flight model)December 25, 2008
19
HTV-JAXA and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD (MHI) are jointly
developing H-ⅡB in order to launch HTV and to increase international competitiveness by providing wider range of launch capacity.
-H-IIB has 2 liquid rocket engines ( LE-7A) in the first stage-Its first stage body is expanded from 4m to 5.2m in
diameter from H-IIA
H-IIB Launch Vehicle
H-IIA202 H-IIB
53 56
289 551
2 4
4.1 8
- 16.5
Specifications Length (m)
Mass (t)
SRB-A
Maximum Launch Capacity (t)
GTO
Orbit for HTV
Comparison of H-IIA and H-IIB
20
ISSHTV (H-II Transfer Vehicle)
Internal Standard Racks
After rendezvous flight to the ISS, HTV is docked to the ISS US-side port. The HTV pressurized section is the area where astronauts work for internal cargo transfer.
HTV plays a significant role in ISS operation and utilization
ISS Gyro Batteries
HTV transports external equipments indispensable for sustaining ISS system functions such as attitude control (ISS gyro) and electrical power (batteries); external experiment payloads; large (standard rack size) internal system equipments and experiment payloads; water and food for astronauts.
HTV unique capabilities
HTV launch schedule2011 2012 2013 2014 20152009 2010
One launch per year
21
Disasters
Energy
Climate Water
Health Weather EcosystemsAgriculture Biodiversity
9 Societal Benefit Areas
10 year Implementation Plan
Global Earth Observation System of Systems
(GEOSS)
22
To monitor the distribution of the density of
carbon dioxide, etc. and contribute to the
activities for the prevention of global
warming. Monitoring at 3-day intervals.
“IBUKI” was successfully launched on
Jan.23, 2009 (JST) and is now carried out
the initial calibration and validation
operations including comparing IBUKI data
and data acquired on the ground, confirming
the data accuracy, and making
compensations based on the data.
Greenhouse gases observing satellite（GOSAT）
Current terrestrial observation points
(257points)
GOSAT’s observation points (standard mode：56,000
points)
“IBUKI”GOSAT
Successfully DeployedThe photo taken by FGAN, Germany
23
GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)
-NASA and JAXA are working together to build and launch the GPM Core Satellite
-The core is the central precipitation-measuring observatory of GPM
Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR)
a high-resolution, multi-channel passive microwave (PMW) rain radiometer known as the
GPM Microwave Imager (GMI)
-The Core will also serve as the calibration reference system for a constellation of support
satellites.
24
To continue global-scale observations of sea water temperatures and soil water, etc.
for the purpose of elucidating the global climate change and water circulation
mechanisms.
The Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer 2
Climate change observation satellite
（GCOM-C)
Water cycle observation satellite
（GCOM-W)
Distribution of sea ice in
north polar region
24 September 2007（the smallest on record）
Distribution of
sea ice on 22
September
2005
Monitoring of vegetation change
Precipitation
Sea surface
temperatures
Soil water
Vapor
amounts
Sea ice
vegetation
sea surface
temperatures
clouds,
aerosol
Land surface
temperature
seawater
color
Snow depths
Vegetation index during
growing season is low
Autumn 2005 Autumn 2006
wheatland
Crops yields of wheat was reduced
by half in 2006 because of dry
weather.Vegetation index
highlow
Global Change Observation Mission
(GCOM)
multi-wavelength
optical
radiometer
【scheduled to be launched in the period
of the 2nd Mid-term Plan】
GCOM
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International Charter - Space and Major Disasters
to provide a unified system of space data acquisition and
delivery to those affected by natural disasters through
Authorized Users
to support the provisions of the Charter
to help to mitigate the effects of disasters on human life and
property
JAXA joined in February 2005
26
Space Science and Space Explorer
Ex)
-Fermi
-HINODE
-SWIFT
-NOZOMI
-ASCA
-ASTRO-H
-KAGUYA
-SUZAKU
-HAYABUSA
-HALCA
-GEOTAIL
27
Lunar Explorer
「KAGUYA」
- To obtain data and information necessary for elucidating the Moon’s origin
and its evolution as well as for exploring the possibility of utilizing the Moon
in the future.
- To Acquire core technologies relating to the full-scale exploration of the
Moon in the future.
- Launched Sep. 14, 2007, nominal operation during December 21, 2007 –
October 30, 2008, extended operation till early summer, 2009.
- Collaboration with NASA for KAGUYA tracking for critical operation, KAGUYA
data delivery for NASA LRO/LCROSS and future lunar mission planning,
and KAGUYA data promotion and public outreach.
KAGUYA has 15 missions and observes the Moon from a lunar polar orbit at the altitude
of 100km.
3D image
by Terrain Camera
KAGUYA
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Touch-down and Lift-off
from Asteroid surface
Asteroid Explorer
Hayabusa
Demonstration of the technology needed for sample return from asteroid, using electric
propulsion, autonomous navigation, material sampling in small gravity field, and direct re-
entry from interplanetary orbit.
Launch on May 2003
Touch-down and Lift-off from Asteroid on Nov. 2005
Earth return on Jun. 2010
JPL supports telemetry, command, tracking operation, and orbit determination in critical
phases such as launch, earth swing-by, rendezvous with asteroid, and Earth reentry.Roundtrip between Earth and
Asteroid
Earth return on June 2010
HAYABUSA