intensive airborne research in amazonia – (iara) as part...
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Intensive Airborne Research in Amazonia – (IARA) as part of GOAmazon2014
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Beat Schmid, ARM Aerial Facility Technical Director Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Richland, WA
G-1 in GOAmazon2014 (Intensive Airborne Research in Amazonia - IARA)
Location: Manaus, Brazil Manaus Eduardo Gomes, SBEG,
Runway 8858 ft*148 ft Mission Dates
IOP1: 40 days. Feb 16th - March 27st , 2014 IOP2: 40 days. Sep 1st - Oct 10th , 2014
Aircraft G-1 aerosols, clouds, gases and radiation German HALO aircraft for IOP2
(ACRIDICON)
G-1 (BMI owned, ARM base-funded, PNNL based and managed, for the
science community)
Length 19.4 m Wingspan 23.9 m Height 7.1 m Maximum gross weight 16,330 kg Maximum Range 4000 km Maximum Endurance 9.5 hours Ceiling 7.6 km Crew capacity 7 max, 2 pilots + 3-5 scientists Research Power 700A @ 28 VDC (incl. 85A @ 115 VAC) Cabin space 15.3 m2 Cabin payload 1,900 kg Endurance with full payload 4-5 hours Research speed 100 m/s
Aircraft and Atmospheric State Parameters Trace Gases
H2O Real time Volatile Organic Compounds CO CO2, CH4
O3
NO, NO2 and total NOy
Aerosol Properties Total Concentration Size Distribution (30 nm – 3 µm) Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentration Optical Properties (absorption, scattering) Size resolved physico-chemical composition
Cloud Properties Liquid water, total water, ice water Size Distribution (2 µm to 2 cm)
Radiation Up and down-welling broad-band solar
G-1 GOAmazon2014 Payload (High Level Summary)
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G-1 GOAmazon Payload (v4.4) (Detail)
Instrument Measurement Platform Pos/Vel/Attitude
Trimble DSM 223 position/velocity @ ~10Hz
Trimble TANS 10Hz 720 Receiver pitch/roll/azimuth
Atmospheric State
Rosemount E102AL temperature
Rosemount 1201F1 static pressure
Rosemount 1221F2 (3x) gust probe, differential pressure (dynamic, alpha, beta)
GE-1011B chilled-mirror hygrometer dew-point temperature
Maycom TDL absolute humidity
AIMMS-20 5-port air motion sensing: true air speed, altitude, angle-of-attack, side-slip, T, RH
Inlet
Aerosol Isokinetic Inlet sample stream of dry aerosol, sizes < 5 microns
Rosemount 102 GE-1011B Gust Probe Aerosol Isokinetic Inlet
Aircraft and Atmospheric State Parameters
AIMMS-20
Aerosol Concentration and Size Distribution
Instrument Measurement Aerosol
UCPC TSI 3025 total particle concentration (> 3 nm)
CPC TSI 3010 total particle concentration (> 10 nm)
FIMS aerosol size distribution (30-300 nm)
UHSAS-A aerosol size distribution (60-1000 nm)
PCASP aerosol size distribution (130-3000 nm)
CPCs
FIMS
PCASP
G-1 GOAmazon Payload (v4.4) (Detail)
UHSAS
Aerosol Optical Properties and Radiation
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Instrument Measurement Aerosol
Nephelometer (TSI 3563) aerosol scattering, 3λ
Particle/Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) aerosol absorption, 3λ
SPN-1 unshaded upwelling shortwave radiation global, broadband SPN-1 unshaded downwelling shortwave radiation global, broadband SPN-1 shaded downwelling shortwave radiation global and diffuse,
broadband Nephelometer
G-1 GOAmazon Payload (v4.4) (Detail)
SPN-1
Aerosol Composition and Make-Up
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Instrument Measurement Aerosol
HR-ToF-AMS Size-resolved aerosol composition
Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) Counter CCN concentration at 2 super-saturations
G-1 GOAmazon Payload (v4.4) (Detail)
Gases
Instrument Measurement Gases
Quadrupole Ionicon PTR-MS real-time VOC
CO analyzer Carbon Monoxide
Oxides of Nitrogen Instrument NO, NO2 and total NOy
Thermo Environmental Model 49i O3
PICARO Cavity Ringdown Spectrometer CO2, CH4, H2O
G-1 GOAmazon Payload (v4.4) (Detail)
Cloud Properties
Instrument Measurement
Water Content
WCM-2000 Liquid, total and ice water content Size Distribution
CPI Images of cloud particles 2 to1000 µm
Fast-CDP Size Distribution 2 to 50 µm
CDP Ver 2 Size Distribution 2 to 50 µm
2DS Size Distribution 10 to 3,000 µm
HVPS-3 Size Distribution 400 to 50,000 µm
G-1 GOAmazon Payload (v4.4) (Detail)
Other
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Instrument Measurement Other
Cockpit Video Camera Movies 1 frame/sec (adjustable)
Weather radar Cockpit display of precipitation returns
SEA Data System Central Data System
Iridium Satellite Modem Limited data link to ground station
Radar Altimeter Altitude above surface
Honeywell 67A ACAS III Traffic Collision and Avoidance System
TAWS Landmark TAWS8000 Terrain Awareness and Warning System
Stormscope WX500 Lightning Detector
G-1 GOAmazon Payload (v4.4) (Detail)
S 02 02.64 W 061 53.06 MAN 311/122dme
S 04 13.02 W 061 53.06 MAN 248/127dme
S 02 02.64 W 058 55.11 MAN 063/94dme
S 04 13.02 W 058 55.11 MAN 146/102dme
Boundary Box with Waypoints of all 23 flight plans
73 nm 274/094 magnetic
30 nm 004/184 magnetic
12 nm 274/094 magnetic
Flight Plan #7 1:35 to complete one pattern.
7 legs. Based off of T-1 site Oriented 90 degrees from T-1 to T-3 line S02 51.11
W060 02.07
S03 20.55 W059 56.33 S03 22.84
W060 08.13
S02 58.21 W060 38.74
S02 55.68 W060 25.66
S03 25.13 W060 19.92 S03 27.66
W060 33.01
S02 53.39 W060 13.86
S03 00.50 W060 50.54
S03 29.95 W060 44.81
S03 02.70 W061 01.83
S03 32.24 W060 56.61
S03 34.32 W061 08.44
S03 04.78 W061 13.66
30 nm 034/214 magnetic
72 nm 304/124 magnetic
12 nm 304/124 magnetic
7 legs. Based off of T-1 site. Rotated 30 degrees
Flight Plan #7b +30 Degrees 1:35 to complete one pattern.
May interfere with arrival traffic
S02 51.65 W059 54.31
S03 20.01 W060 04.09
S02 47.73 W060 05.77
S03 16.10 W060 15.45
S02 43.82 W060 17.03
S03 12.18 W060 26.81
S03 08.27 W060 38.17
S02 39.90 W060 28.39
S02 35.99 W060 39.75
S03 04.35 W060 49.53
S02 32.25 W060 50.62
S03 00.44 W061 00.89
S02 28.34 W061 01.98
S02 56.53 W061 12.25
Permission Process for DOE G-1 aircraft in Brazil
Oct 2010: ARM approves GoAmazon2014 Sep 2013: IARA fully approved (MCTI & Defense) Took almost 3 years First US research aircraft in Brazil since 1995 (SCAR-B)
RON KFXE
RON TJIG
Pasco - Manaus
Arrival into Manaus Landing Eastbound ILS/DME Y RWY 10
2000’ 1500’
G-1 IARA IOP1 (Feb/Mar 2014)
German HALO IOP2 (ACRIDICON)
Feb 14-16: 4 ferry legs, 16.2 hrs Feb 17: cleared customs Feb 18-20: re-install of external
sensors Feb 18: press conference Feb 20: VIP tour Feb 22 – Mar 23: 16 research
flights, 41.7 research hours Mar 27-29: 4 ferry legs, 20 hrs
G-1 IARA IOP1 (Feb/Mar 2014)
German HALO IOP2 (ACRIDICON)
G-1 IARA IOP1
German HALO IOP2 (ACRIDICON)
T3 T2
Aerosol Concentration Multiple research goals
Evolution of the aerosol and trace gas plume from Manaus
Aerosol/Cloud interaction Ice formation in the mid levels of
the troposphere Cal/Val of remote sensing
instruments at the T3 site. G-1 was able to reach
7.1km/23,400ft amsl w/ ambient temps of -12C
G-1 in GOAmazon2014 (IARA)
German HALO IOP2 (ACRIDICON)
New Tech First AAF deployment of the Fast CDP (SPEC)
DOE AAF Cloud Probes (GoAmazon) F-CDP: 2-50 µm CDP: 2-50 µm 2D-S: 10-3000 µm HVPS-3: 150-19200 µm CPI: 10-2000 µm
2D-S HVPS-3
CPI FCDP
GoAmazon – 2014022a
FL1
FL2
FL3
GoAmazon – 20140222a
On the lowest leg the G-1 flew in and out of the SCUD and rain showers. This resulted in a bimodal PSD shown above.
FL1
GoAmazon – 20140222a
CPI 16:18:04 UTC
FL2
GoAmazon – 20140222a
CPI 17:01:43 UTC
FL3
Aircraft Data
Local Share Drive
ARM IOPshare (at Oak Ridge)
Corrections Calibrations
Data QC
Preliminary Data Restricted Access
Merged Datasets Final Datasets README Files
Final ARM Archive (Open to
Community)
6 months after campaign end
ARM Aerial Facility Datasets
Quicklooks Preliminary
Datasets
Merged Datasets
IWG1 (best estimate) Aircraft position and atmospheric state
Flags (dilution, cloud flag, aircraft level flag)
Aerosol Merge Some aircraft parameters
Aerosol optical properties, concentration (CCN, CPC), Radiation
Cloud Merge LWC/IWC
Drop/Particle number
Aerosol and Cloud Distributions
All on a Common Time Stamp
RON KTLH
Manaus - Pasco
Changes for IOP2
G-1 cabin heat management Refine flight plans Coordination with G-V HALO Deconflict with other aerial assets
(Tethered balloons, Lagrangian balloon, Quadcopter, G-V, others?)
Communications (phone, internet)
ACRIDICON
Strategy: Sample …
- Below cloud,
- At cloud base at an early stage,
- In growing upshear parts
- The anvil region, and
- Above cloud top.
Mission Type 1: Cloud Vertical Evolution
Objectives: Observe …
- Vertical evolution of
cloud microphysical properties,
- Droplet/crystal growth and
freezing mechanisms,
- Warm and cold
precipitation formation.
Profile 3000-46000 ft: 1.5 hours 33
Leg 1 - Below Cloud Base (1500’)
Leg 2- In Cloud Base (4,000’)
Leg 4 – Near tops/Freezing Level (17,000’-18,000’)
Leg 3- In Clouds(10,000’)
T-2 GA09
GA13
Descend and Repeat
50nm
Flight Plan #5 Cloud Field
G-1 PERMISSION TO OPERATE IN BRAZIL FOR IOP2 HAS BEEN RESCINDED BY DOE DUE TO SAFETY OF FLIGHT ISSUE (TETHERED BALLOON)
Figure 3: Locations of tethered balloon launch sites. Aerostat Site #1 is located at the AMF1 ‘T3’ site, ‘Site #2’ is at the ZF2 site, and ‘Site #3’ is within the city limits of Manaus at the UEA campus
Risk Mitigation For Tethered Balloons and G-1
Air Ops Safety and Coord. Agreement signed by operators of balloons and G-1(PSU, PNNL, INPA, INPE)
Air Ops Committee (chaired by G-1 Ops Lead) Positive Communication G-1 will avoid ZF2 and UEA by 3 nm G-1 will only operate 1000-1500 local time. T3
balloon will operate outside these hours
Alternate Route in case of
Hurricanes in the
Atlantic Ocean or
Caribbean Sea
Route Overview
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Preferred Route: 30 AUG 2104 KPSC – KXNA (Fayetteville, AR): LEZLE Q152 WEDAK Q148 JUGIV CUGGA KIRKE J182 COODY. 4:55 enroute KLIT – KFXE (Ft. Lauderdale): RZC Q128 MEM J41 VUZ J151 CTY J91 INPIN J55 THNDR. 3:44 enroute. RON. 31 AUG 2014 KFXE – TFFR (La Raizet) DEKAL BR57V ZBV A555 COY R888 MODUX UR888. 5:15 enroute. RON. 1 SEP 2014 TFFR – SBEG (Manaus) PPR A312 TIM B681 BVI G678 MNS. 5:05 enroute. Enter Brazilian airspace at GEMOL intersection Depart TFFR at 1300z cross GEMOL at 1605z arrive SBEG at 1805z. Preferred Departure Route 10 OCT 2014 MNS G678 BVI G681 TIM A321 LEPOD G449 GESSO RTE7 SANLO. 5:40 enroute. Exit Brazilian airspace a GEMOL intersection. Depart SBEG at 1200z cross GEMOL at 1347z
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