Equalization

FGD influent

Settling tank

Hg, As, heavy metals removal

Clarification

Nutrients and temp. control

Se bio-reduction Solid/liquid separation

Mixing tank

Mixing tank

Pre-

treat

men

t ta

nk

Bioreactor Discharge

•  A relatively large footprint is required and chemical contamination may occur. •  Bacteria are sensitive to temperature and additional nutrients.

Phys/Chem and Biological Treatment for Water Discharge

UKy-CAER Separation Modules

Ultrafiltra'onNanofiltra'on

CDI-1

HoldingVessel

CDI-2

Pumps

Sensors

CDI$combined$with$UF$and$NF$

Iron-based Electrocoagulation

In-house developed zeolite membrane

Continuous operation using CDI, UF, and NF

Our Approach Aimed at Water Discharge and Reducing Freshwater Intake FGD influent

Flotation with electrocoagulation Nanofiltration Zeolite

dewatering Continuous

capacitive deionization

Solids for landfill

Water recycle Solidification

Water recycle

Other uses

Water discharge Water reuse

•  Develop an intensified process to remove toxic species by electrocoagulation, and reduce TDS/TSS using flotation and membrane-based filtrations.

•  Practical salt concentration needs for solidification.

•  Removal of the lower concentration regulated species by CDI.

•  Process TEA .

Project Objective Preliminary Results – Using Electrocoagulation to Reduce Selenate Concentration in Liquid Phase

0"

5"

10"

15"

0" 10" 20" 30" 40" 50" 60"Selena

te"Red

uc3o

n"/"pp

b" Thou

sand

s"

Opera3onal"Time"/"min"

100#mA#

250#mA#

500#mA#

0 20min 55min11min

Expected Output •  More effective solutions to meet ELG for

regulated species. •  Promote water recycle in power plants. •  Aid in understanding of water energy nexus.

@500mA

Acknowledgement •  DOE/NETL: Barbara Carney and Briggs White •  Duke Energy: Neil Kern •  LG&E KU Energy: Mahyar Ghorbanian •  UKy- CAER, CUMT, SR, and Trimeric.

Intensified Flue Gas Desulfurization Water Treatment for Reuse, Solidification, and Discharge (DE-FE0031555)

University of Kentucky Center for applied Energy Research

FGD Blowdown

Limestone slurry recycle

FGD scrubber Hy

droc

yclo

ne

Mechanical filtration

Slurry makeup

Recycle to FGD scrubber

Cl- removal for recycle

Gypsum production

Overflow

Water to be treated

•  The Clean Water Rule requires treatment prior to discharge. •  SeVI cannot be effectively removed by phys/chem treatment.

Flue Gas in

Flue Gas out