intelligent transportation systems - history & national perspective
TRANSCRIPT
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Intelligent Transportation Systems – History & National Perspective
Prepared for:
ASCE TTG ITS Seminar Nov. 13, 2015
.
Jesse Glazer ITS/Operations Engr.
USDOT / FHWA
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Presentation Topics:
• What is “ITS”? • Evolution of ITS
– Past 50 years – Next 50 years
• USDOT Initiatives • ITS Project Mgmt. (SE) • ITS Resources • Discussion – ITS needs of public-sector CEs?
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What is “ITS”?...
• Short Answer = “Technology in Transportation” • USDOT Definition =
“ITS means electronics, communication, or information processing used … to improve efficiency or safety of a surface transportation system.” (23CFR940.3)
(Excludes boats, planes and most freight-rail.) • Federal regs apply to federally-funded projects • ITS is heavily dependent upon “IT” resources
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Evolution of ITS (1965 – 2065)
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Evolution of ITS (1965 Now)
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“Transportation Technology” is >100 years old!
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1970’s – Freeway Traffic Management
Traffic Detection “loops”
Electronic Message Signs
Ramp Meters
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1980’s – Arterial Traffic Management
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1990’s – Traffic Management Centers
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2000’s – “Smart Bus” Systems
Vehicle Diagnostics
GPS & Vehicle ID Automated
Fare Collection and Passenger Counting
Driver Information Display Silent Alarm
Traffic Signal Priority Route Destination Display
Smart Card Reader
$ RTA
OR
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2000’s – Traveler Information
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2010’s – Electronic Tolling & HOT Lanes
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2010’s – Mobile Devices
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Traffic & Navigation
Parking Info & Guidance
Ride-Hailing & Carpooling
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Meanwhile, … at the “institutional” level…
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~1992: “IVHS” Brand + Organization “IVHS America” … later re-named “ITS” and “ITS America” … ($$ followed)
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The original IVHS Vision…
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Mid-1990s: – National ITS Architecture
• Created by USDOT • Goal: Define a standard, national, interoperable,
ITS framework • Guideline for future transportation systems • Built upon S.E. concepts & terminology
National ITS Architecture
Vehicles Roadside
CentersCommercial
VehicleAdministration
ArchivedData
Management
TravelersToll
AdministrationEmergency
ManagementTraffic
Management
Fleet andFreight
ManagementTransit
Management
Maintenance &ConstructionManagement
Roadway
Toll Collection
ParkingManagement
EmissionsManagement
PersonalInformation
Access
RemoteTravelerSupport Information
ServiceProvider
CommercialVehicleCheck
Wireline (Fixed-Point to Fixed-Point) Communications
Vehi
cle
to V
ehic
le C
omm
unic
atio
ns
Ded
icat
ed S
hort
Ran
geC
omm
unic
atio
ns
Wide Area Wireless(Mobile) Communications
Vehicle
TransitVehicle
CommercialVehicle
EmergencyVehicle
Maintenance &Construction
Vehicle
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Late 1990’s – ITS Arch. & SE “Rule” • Codified in: 23 CFR 940 • Defined ITS and ITS Projects (940.3) • Required:
– Regional ITS Architectures in all Urban Areas (940.9) – “Systems Engr. Analysis” for all ITS projects (940.11)
• Defined ITS Architecture & S.E. concepts and terminology; still widely used today.
• (Drew heavily on aerospace & I.T. concepts, terminology, and people.)
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High-Risk ITS Projects Must use S.E. Process
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Other USDOT ITS Initiatives
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• Research – via universities, consultants, Turner-Fairbanks Center, others …
• Demonstration Projects – Experiments, Pilot tests, deployments, evaluations, …
• Publications – Research, Guidelines, State-of-Practice, Knowledge Base, etc.
• Training – USDOT PCB, CITE, NHI, NTI, ITE, ITS-CA, ITSA, … (Web-based mostly.)
• … more … (See E&T handout)
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Jesse’s General Observations
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ITS Projects are increasingly complex: • Multi-agency, multi-modal, multi-purpose • More people “in the control loop” Less hardware, more software: • SW development difficult to manage • Expensive skill marketplace • SW requires a lot of maintenance • Ever-changing security threats Use SE tools; use CMMI for SW vendors
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Evolution of ITS (Now 2065)
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Self-Driving (“Autonomous”) Vehicles
(under private-sector leadership)
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Vehicles will also be “Connected” (USDOT leadership)
... connected to each other on freeways: .
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… and on surface streets (“V2V”) …
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… and connected to roadway (“V2I”)
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… and to peds, bikes, etc. (V2X)
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Vehicles must also cooperate
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Jesse’s Prediction for “2065”
Automated, Connected, Cooperating, Electric Vehicles • No traffic congestion • No crashes • No air pollution/GHG • No driving stress • Mobility for all
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Comments?
Questions?
What are the ITS needs of
public-sector Civil Engineers? .