intelligent critiquing of design sketches yeonjoo oh, ellen yi-luen do, mark d gross computational...
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Intelligent Critiquing of Design Sketches
Yeonjoo Oh, Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Mark D GrossComputational Design Lab, School of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon University
2004 AAAI Fall Symposium Making Pen-Based Interaction Intelligent and Natural
Outline
1. Motivation
2. Related Work
3. Design Evaluator
4. Discussion
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Motivation
Why do designers draw?
- Reflection-in-Action (Schön & Wiggins 1985) : seeing-moving-seeing cycle
- Restructuring & Emergence (Verstijinen 2001) : see another interpretation or alternative
- Visual Thinking and Imagery (Goldschmidt 1991) : Seeing as & Seeing that
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Visual Reasoning
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Architect Steven Holl’s Drawings
Design Critiques
Desk Crits: Reviewers (reframe design problem): Student (transfer/ restructure)
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Related Work
Critiquing System
: Offer feedback on design
Sketch Design
: Capture freehand drawing
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Related Work
Design Critiquing Systems
- KID (Kitchen Design) Fischer & Nakakoji et al. 1993
- Petri-NED (Petri-Net) Stolze 1994
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Related Work
Design Critiquing Systems
- FORNAX (Architectural drawings) novaMSC
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Related Work
Sketch Design
- SILK (GUI design) Landay & Myers 1995
- ASSIST (Mechanical device design) Davis et al 2002
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Related Work
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Sketch Design - Electronic Cocktail Napkin (Design platform) Gross & Do 1996
- COAs (Military action design) Forbus, Usher & Chapman 2004
Design Evaluator
Components - Sketch interface
- Domain knowledge [Critiques]
- Presentation of advice
Two example domains - Architectural floor plan (Hospital)
- Web page layout
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Design Evaluator
Overview
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DescriptionLayer
EvaluationLayer
VisualizationLayer
- Records and identifies
- Captures and parses
- Compares sketches against predicates
- Generates design critiques
- Displays critiques
Hospital Design
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Description Layer
Hospital floor plan diagram
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Zones, rooms, and doors
Description Layer
Interconnected objects
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Evaluation Layer
Rules coded as Lisp predicates (SHOULD-BE-ADJACENT SURGERY EMERGENCY-ROOM) (MUST-PASS-THROUGH ENTRANCE TRIAGE ER)
Architectural floor plan rules : Room Placement (Zoning)
: Adjacency
: Room Sequence
: Minimum Area
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Architectural Floor Plan
Evaluation Layer
Room Placement (Zoning)(MUST-BE-IN Clinical-Zone (DAYWARD TRIAGE SURGERY …))
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Architectural Floor Plan
Adjacency –Circulation path(SHOULD-BE-ADJACENT ER INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT)
Evaluation Layer
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Room Sequence(MUST-PASS-THROUGH ENTRANCE TRIAGE ER)
Architectural Floor Plan
Minimum Area(MINIMUM-AREA WARD 10000)
Visualization Layer
Verbal Critiques (text)
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Architectural Floor Plan
Visualization Layer
Graphical Annotation
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Architectural Floor Plan
Visualization Layer
3D Mock-up of Sketch Design
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Architectural Floor Plan
Web page layout design
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Description Layer
Web Page Layout 23
Web Page Layout
Screen, panels, images, texts
Evaluation Layer
Web Layout Rules (Nielson 2000, Ivory 2002)
(MAX-RATIO IMAGES-AREA SCREEN-AREA 50)
- Number of Images - Content Hierarchy - Image-Text Ratio - Color Scheme - Text – Background
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Web Page Layout
Visualization Layer Textual Critiques Graphical Annotation / Example Web Page
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Web Page Layout
Discussion
- Early design critiquing + freehand sketch
- Stimulate thinking, explore alternatives
- Integrate knowledge-based tools into design
- Critiques directly on drawing & various formats
- Design constraints → spatially expressed rules
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Future Work
Rules - more sophisticated design rules
- express rules graphically
Domains - geometry and elementary physics
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Design Evaluator
Yeonjoo Oh, Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Mark D GrossSchool of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon University
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