Intelligent agents, ontologies, simulation and environments for norm-regulated MAS

Deliberative Normative Agents

Ricardo Gralhoz

Governance in Open Multi-Agent Systems

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Agenda

• Motivation

• Goals

• Reference (main)

• Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture

• Conclusion

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Motivation

• Learning about Intelligent and Adaptive Agents for thesis

• Contribute on Intelligent Agents for norm-regulated MAS research area

• Contribute on and relation with the others areas on Governance in Open Multi-Agent Systems

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Goals

• Look at the problem of regulating multi-agent systems focusing on a normative approach with Deliberative Agent.

• Study, Analyze and Present a central paper and associate with another areas.

• Present questions and possible focus area for research.

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Reference (main)

• C Castelfranchi, F Dignum, CM Jonker, J Treur. Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture - ATAL, 1999

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Deliberative Normative Agents

• Principles for Agents

– Not only following norms, but also the possibility of ‘intelligent’ norm violation

• Architecture - Refinement of the Generic Agent Model

[AAIJ00GAM]

Norms can be communicated

Norms can be adopted

Norms can be used

N

Castelfranchi, Dignum, Jonker, Treur - Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture

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Deliberative Normative Agents

• Introduction– If protocols are fixed, AGENTS can NOT react to an

unpredictable changing environment.

– If norms are hard-wired into the agent’s protocols AGENTS

can NOT decide to violate.

Solution: deliberative (autonomous ) normative agent.

Castelfranchi, Dignum, Jonker, Treur - Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture

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Deliberative Normative Agents

• Def.:

Agents that have knowledge about norms

and can choose to obey the norms or not.

Norms influence the behavior of the agent?

Yes, combined with Goals and Plans.

Agent should be a cognitive agent.

B, D, I ...

Castelfranchi, Dignum, Jonker, Treur - Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture

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Architecture – Principles (I)

• Why?

– Facilitate for applying the norms and subsequent

combination of the result with the goals and plans, to

determinate the behavior of the agent.

• How?

– Norm-autonomous agent;

1) know that a norm exists in the society2) adopt this norm3) deliberatively follow4) deliberatively violate

Able to

N

Castelfranchi, Dignum, Jonker, Treur - Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture

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Architecture – Principles (II)

Castelfranchi, Dignum, Jonker, Treur - Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture

• Adopt a Norm: deciding to generate goals and plans based on belief that exists that norm (does not necessarily imply to follow it).

• Norms are mental objects -mental representations entering the mental processing

B, D, I

N

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Architecture

Top level within the agent

Castelfranchi, Dignum, Jonker, Treur - Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture

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Architecture

Top level within the agent• External Information received by communication or by

observation (perception).

• If it is valuable, it is stored – Object Level.

• In Information processing, the process events involved are represented at a meta-level.

• Outgoing Information is generated : communication, initiated actions and observations.

Castelfranchi, Dignum, Jonker, Treur - Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture

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Architecture

• Ex:

has_society_type(society1, heterogeneous)

has_norm(society1, you_ought_to_drive_on_the_right)

belief(has_norm(society1, you_ought_to_drive_on_the_right), pos)

Castelfranchi, Dignum, Jonker, Treur - Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture

belief

normative belief

N

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Architecture

Top level within Own Process Control

Castelfranchi, Dignum, Jonker, Treur - Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture

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Norms and Behaviour

About Norms:

• represented by mental objects entering the mental processing, that

interact with Beliefs, Goals and Plans.

• when adopted, impact behaviour governing .

How?– goal generation;

– goal selection (by criteria about managing and selecting existing goals);

– plan generation;

– plan selection (by criteria about managing and selecting existing plans);

GB P

N N

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Conclusion (I)

Discussion

• Not much theory available to incorporate norms into the

behaviour

• Reputation (incoming communication)

• Different kinds of normative social control

• Different kinds of normative ‘personalities’ in agents

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Conclusion (II)

Questions

• How to assign the preferences or weights on the behaviour

governing?

• How to change the preferences?

• How to check whether a behaviour is or is not conform the

norm?

• Other questions..

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Conclusion (III)

• Complete Reference– C Castelfranchi, F Dignum, CM Jonker, J Treur. Deliberative

Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture - ATAL, 1999

– Brazier, F.M.T., Jonker, C.M., and Treur, J. (1999). Compositional Design and Reuse of a Generic Agent Model. In; B. Gaines, M. Musen (eds.). Proceedings of the Knowledge [AAIJ00GAM]

– ...