Intellectual Property

Objectives

• Define intellectual property

• Understand and avoid plagiarism

• Understand and avoid copyright infringement

• Understand and avoid trademark infringement

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Intellectual Property

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Intellectual Property

• Intellectual property is the legal ownership of an idea rather than a thing

• It is the blueprint of a house not the house

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Plagiarism

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Definition

• Plagiarism is the use of another person’s words or ideas without giving proper credit

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Plagiarism at Work Place

• Proper documentation avoids accusations of theft of ideas

• It strengthens one’s points in a paper

• It allows others to access the sources

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Plagiarism at Work Place

• The work place has less restrictive rules than does a research paper

• Often precise information is not required but only general acknowledgement

– Sources name or title of work

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Copyright

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Definition ©

• Copyright is a federal law (Title 17, U.S. Code) protecting literary, scholarly, and artistic works from unauthorized copying

• International treaties offer the similar protections across national borders

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Works Protected

• Literary works

• Musical works

• Dramatic works

• Choreographic works

• Pictorial, graphic, & sculptural works

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Works Protected

• Motion pictures and other audiovisual works

• Sound recordings

• Architectural works

• Java applets

• “Web pages”

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Not Protected

• Performance not recorded

• Titles, names, short phrases, slogans, familiar symbols or designs

• Blank forms that collect information

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Not Protected

• Works consisting entirely of information that is common property; e.g. rulers

• Ideas, procedures, methods, systems, processes, etc. – these can be patented

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Rights to the Copyright Owner

1. The right to reproduce the copyrighted work.

2. The right to prepare derivative works based upon the original(s).

3. The right to distribute copies of the work.

4. The right to perform the work publicly.

5. The right to display the work publicly.

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Obtaining

• It is secured automatically when the work is created

• No registration or publication is required

• Notice of copyright not required

• Registration is recommended

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Length

• Created after January 1, 1978 – author’s life plus 70 years

• Before January 1, 1978 – 95 years including renewals

• Mickey Mouse expires in 2018

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Fair Use

• Provision of the copyright law (section 107) which allows limited reproduction rights without permission

– Educational

–Reviews

–Media reporting

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Fair Use

• Key considerations

–Purpose and character of use

–Nature of the copyrighted work

–Amount and substantiality used

– Effect on potential market value

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Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998)

• An attempt to balance the freedom of the Internet with copyright privileges.

• Protects Google and similar computer services.

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Trademarks

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Trademark ®

Trademark ™ is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or a combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs, that identifies and distinguishes the source of the goods of one party from those of others.

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Service Mark SM

is the same as a trademark, except that it identifies and distinguishes the source of a

service rather than a product.

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Internet

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Beware

• The Internet does not edit for copyright, trademark, service mark or plagiarism

• Just because it is on the Internet does not mean it is not protected

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Copyright Infringement Penalties

Criminal

• Pays the actual dollar amount of damages and profits.

• The infringer can go to jail up to 5 years.

Civil

• Financial from $200 to $150,000 for each work infringed

• Pay for all attorneys fees and court costs.

• Injunction to stop the infringing acts.

• Impound the illegal works.

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Copyright Free

• Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org/

• Wikipedia: Public domain image resources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Public_domain_image_resources

• Public Domain Pictures http://www.publicdomainpictures.net/

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Beware

• Look at use requirements

–Protected

– Limited protection

– Free use

• Commercial reuse is often not permitted

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Summary• Plagiarism is the use of another person’s

words or ideas without giving credit

• Copyright legally protects works from use without permission

• Trademark legally protects images and phrases identity from use without permission

• Service mark legally protects a service identity from use without permission

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Resources

• Copyright Basics (Circular 1) – U.S. Copyright Office http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ1.html

• Basic Facts About Trademarks U.S. Patent and Trademark Office http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/tac/doc/basic/

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Resources

• Intellectual Property Digital Library WIPO http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/en/

• A Visit to Copyright Bay http://www.stfrancis.edu/cid/copyrightbay/index.htm

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Resources

• Copyright and Digital Media in a Post- Napster World (2005) http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/media/files/wp2005.pdf

• Copyright, Intellectual Property Rights, and Licensing Issues http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/copyright/

• Educusehttp://www.educause.edu/node/645/tid/31236?time=1292014533

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Court Cases

• Summaries of Fair Use Cases Stanford University Libraries and Academic Information Resourceshttp://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter9/9-c.html

• Frivolous Claims http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=6535254330826636982&q=copyright+infringement+&hl=en&as_sdt=40003

&as_ylo=2010

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