intellectual property and biological research: brazilian researchers attitudes and opinions
TRANSCRIPT
Intellectual Property and Biological Research: Brazilian
Researchers Attitudes and Opinions
Dr. Marilia CoutinhoUniversity of São Paulo - Brazil
Technology Transfer and the Public Demand
Channeling the public interest Hybrid social organizations (boundary
organizations) – why they don’t develop in Brazil
PRODUCER
“society”
Government Organism
TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
PRIVATE SECTOR
Tech. Management office receives and forwards demands
demand
Expresses demand demand
Seeks the producer
Technology Transfer and the Private Sector
No Technology Management expertise or institutional organization
Lack of Specialized Industrial Property Offices
Inadequate internal statutes governing Intellectual Property Rights in Public Research Organizations
Research Expenditures
Invention Disclosures
Patent doc. Writing Applications
INNOVATION Technology; Licenses Executed
Licenses Yielding Income
Start-Up Companies
RESEARCH; INVENTION
Choose; Hire
Patent (app) document; litigation
Design competitive strategy; competitive intelligence; survey licensing departments; contact commercial partners and negotiate license agreements
National Survey with Biotechnology Leaders
1125 leaders Electronic survey Three stages – we are in the second
stage (standard dev. Are stable) Web interface, e-mail reply and
attachment reply
Does your institution offer general orientation to interested researchers? 1 - yes2 - no8 – I don’t know9 – I don’t wish to answer
Question 1
54%34%
0%0%0%0%0%12% 0%
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9
As far as you know, does your institution offer legal support for Intellectual Rights Protection? 1 - yes2 - no8 – I don’t know9 – I don’t wish to answer Question 2
35%
40%
0%0%0%0%0%
25%0%
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As far as you know, does your institution offer financial support for Intellectual Rights Protection? 1 - yes2 - no8 – I don’t know9 – I don’t wish to answer Question 3
25%
43%
0%0%0%0%0%
32%
0%
1
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9
As far as you know, does your institution have a Technology Management Office? 1 - yes2 - no8 – I don’t know9 – I don’t wish to answer
Question 4
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25%0%
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A few years ago, the Brazilian patent legislation was profoundly changed. This has created new challenges for basic research. We would like to know, if, in your opinion, the following statements are applicable to the Brazilian reality (relative to Questions 5-10): Patenting and publishing are excluding 1 - yes2 - no8 – I don’t know9 – I don’t wish to answer
Question 5
28%
67%
0%0%0%0%0%5% 0%1
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Patenting is expensive 1 - yes2 - no8 – I don’t know9 – I don’t wish to answer
Question 6
61%14%
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25%0%
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Patenting is equivalent to commercializing the product 1 - yes2 - no8 – I don’t know9 – I don’t wish to answer Question 7
9%
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0%0%0%0%0%4%1%
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The financial benefits from commercializing a patented product automatically belong to he who has financed the research 1 - yes2 - no8 – I don’t know9 – I don’t wish to answer
Question 8
9%
74%
0%0%0%0%0%
16% 1%
1
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A patent which has been accepted in the United States is valid in the whole world, including Brazil 1 - yes2 - no8 – I don’t know9 – I don’t wish to answer
Question 9
53%
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To obtain a patent abroad, you must first have it recognized in Brazil 1 - yes2 - no8 – I don’t know9 – I don’t wish to answer
Question 10
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0%0%0%0%0%
30%
0% 1
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Considering now your research activities (relative to Questions 11-17): To which degree have you been influenced by problems presented by the public sector in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much2 - a little3 - very little4 - not at all7 - I don’t have any opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 11
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19%
13% 0%0%3%
0%
0%
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To which degree have you been influenced by thematic programs by funding agencies in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much2 - a little3 - very little4 - not at all7 - I don’t have any opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 12
12%
41%18%
27%
0%
0%
2% 0%
0% 1
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To which degree have you been influenced by the probability of commercial application of your results in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much2 - a little3 - very little4 - not at all7 - I don’t have any opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 13
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22%0%0%0%0%1%
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To which degree have you been influenced by problems presented by social movements and NGOs in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much2 - a little3 - very little4 - not at all7 - I don’t have any opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 14
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To which degree have you been influenced by the availability of private funding in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much2 - a little3 - very little4 - not at all7 - I don’t have any opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 15
4%
19%
18%58%
0%0%0%0%1%
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To which degree have you been influenced by problems presented by private or public corporations in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much2 - a little3 - very little4 - not at all7 - I don’t have any opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 16
11%
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23%
42%
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0%
3% 0%
0% 1
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To which degree have you been influenced by known local needs in your region in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much2 - a little3 - very little4 - not at all7 - I don’t have any opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 17
57%
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11%
12% 0%0%0%0%0%
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We would like to have your opinion about the following questions (relative to questions 18-25). Please indicate to which degree you agree or disagree with the statements bellow. Patenting the products of biological research is wrong 1 - I strongly disagree2 - I disagree in part3 - I partly agree4 - I totally agree7 - I don’t have an opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 18
46%
23%
20%
9% 0%0%2%0%
0%
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9
Patents may be an important financial resource for research, including basic research 1 - I strongly disagree2 - I disagree in part3 - I partly agree4 - I totally agree7 - I don’t have an opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 19
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Natural resources belong to humanity and not to the country on which they find themselves 1 - I strongly disagree2 - I disagree in part3 - I partly agree4 - I totally agree7 - I don’t have an opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 20
38%
22%
24%
16% 0%0%0%0%0%
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Natural resources should not be the object of Intellectual Property Protection 1 - I strongly disagree2 - I disagree in part3 - I partly agree4 - I totally agree7 - I don’t have an opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 21
22%
24%
22%
29%
0%
0%
3% 0%
0% 1
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Patenting research results funded with public money should be forbidden 1 - I strongly disagree2 - I disagree in part3 - I partly agree4 - I totally agree7 - I don’t have an opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 22
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Firm Intellectual Property Rights regulation drives forth development 1 - I strongly disagree2 - I disagree in part3 - I partly agree4 - I totally agree7 - I don’t have an opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 23
9%
15%
39%
29%
0%0%7%0%1%
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9
A generalized patenting process of research products will end up creating obstacles to its development 1 - I strongly disagree2 - I disagree in part3 - I partly agree4 - I totally agree7 - I don’t have an opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 24
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Research issues should not be determined by external orders or programs 1 - I strongly disagree2 - I disagree in part3 - I partly agree4 - I totally agree7 - I don’t have an opinion9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 25
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22%0%0%0%0%0%
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In your opinion, which of the following statements best represents your institution’s policy concerning researchers’ involvement with the private sector? 1 - strongly encourages2 - encourages3 - does not encourage4 - strongly opposes7 - I don’t know9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 26
10%
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11%
4%0%0%
13% 0%3%
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We indicate a list of possible results that may develop as a consequence of the involvement of researchers with private corporations (relative to questions 27-36). In your opinion, how much this involvement may contribute to: Decrease professors’ productivity 1 - very much2 - a little3 - almost nothing4 - not at all7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 27
4%
34%
28%
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0%0%6%0%1%
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Increase the department’s prestige 1 - very much2 - a little3 - almost nothing4 - not at all7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 28
45%
38%
11%4%0%0%1%0%1%
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Decrease the academic prestige of involved professors 1 - very much2 - a little3 - almost nothing4 - not at all7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 29
6%
22%
18%
50%
0%0%2%0%2%
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9
Increase career opportunities for students 1 - very much2 - a little3 - almost nothing4 - not at all7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 30
65%
22%
9% 3%0%0%1%0%
0%
1
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9
Put pressure on professors so that they spend too much time with commercial activities 1 - very much2 - a little3 - almost nothing4 - not at all7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 31
17%
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20%
8%0%0%5%0%1%
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Open new promising perspectives for research 1 - very much2 - a little3 - almost nothing4 - not at all7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 32
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0%
0%
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Decrease the intellectual interaction and collaborative activity between different research groups 1 - very much2 - a little3 - almost nothing4 - not at all7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 33
16%
29%
27%
24%
0%0%3%0%1%
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Increase the frequency of practical applications developments from basic research 1 - very much2 - a little3 - almost nothing4 - not at all7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 34
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30%
6%0%0%0%2%0%
0%
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9
Upgrade research equipment 1 - very much2 - a little3 - almost nothing4 - not at all7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 35
58%29%
8% 3%0%0%1%0%1%
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Compromise academic objectivity 1 - very much2 - a little3 - almost nothing4 - not at all7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 36
12%
38%
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23%
0%0%3%0%2%
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9
Still about your research activities: in the last three years, did you receive any of the following items from the industrial sector? If so, how important were they to your research? (relative to questions 37-41) Equipment: 1 - essential 2 - very important3 - important 4 - not very important 5 - not important 7 - I did not receive any support 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 37
8%
5%
3%
4%
2%
1%
76%
0%
1% 1
2
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9
Biomaterials (reagents, clones, antibodies, tissues, cell lines, etc.) 1 - essential 2 - very important3 - important 4 - not very important 5 - not important 7 - I did not receive any support 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 38
9%6%
9%
5%
3%
0%
67%
0%
1% 1
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Money 1 - essential 2 - very important3 - important 4 - not very important 5 - not important 7 - I did not receive any support 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 39
10%5%
8%
9%
4%
0%
63%
0%
1% 1
2
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8
9
Support for students 1 - essential 2 - very important3 - important 4 - not very important 5 - not important 7 - I did not receive any support 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 40
11%3%
10%
11%
1%
0%
63%
0%
1% 1
2
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9
Travel support and meeting participation 1 - essential 2 - very important3 - important 4 - not very important 5 - not important 7 - I did not receive any support 9 - I don’t wish to answer
Question 41
10%3%
9%
7%1%0%
69%
0%
1% 1
2
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8
9
Survey will hopefully:
Produce guidelines for Technology Prospecting
Innovation Education Technology Management Office Design Institutional integration among funding
agencies, PRI and the private sector
Pioneer Biotech Patenteters
Instituições
1 1,5 1,5 1,5
9 13,4 13,6 15,2
5 7,5 7,6 22,7
3 4,5 4,5 27,3
1 1,5 1,5 28,8
7 10,4 10,6 39,4
7 10,4 10,6 50,0
11 16,4 16,7 66,7
1 1,5 1,5 68,2
1 1,5 1,5 69,7
2 3,0 3,0 72,7
3 4,5 4,5 77,3
5 7,5 7,6 84,8
1 1,5 1,5 86,4
2 3,0 3,0 89,4
1 1,5 1,5 90,9
1 1,5 1,5 92,4
1 1,5 1,5 93,9
1 1,5 1,5 95,5
2 3,0 3,0 98,5
1 1,5 1,5 100,0
66 98,5 100,0
1 1,5
67 100,0
FUNED
UFRJ
FIOCRUZ
ULBRA
UFSM
EMBRAPA
USP
UFMG
UFSC
UPF
UFV
UNIFESP
UFRGS
IPA
UNB
UENF
UFRRJ
IBU
UFSCAR
UERJ
UFAL
Total
Valid
SystemMissing
Total
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Área Predominante numerica
7 10,4 24,1 24,1
2 3,0 6,9 31,0
2 3,0 6,9 37,9
1 1,5 3,4 41,4
4 6,0 13,8 55,2
2 3,0 6,9 62,1
3 4,5 10,3 72,4
1 1,5 3,4 75,9
2 3,0 6,9 82,8
1 1,5 3,4 86,2
1 1,5 3,4 89,7
1 1,5 3,4 93,1
1 1,5 3,4 96,6
1 1,5 3,4 100,0
29 43,3 100,0
38 56,7
67 100,0
bioquímica
genética
saúde coletiva
imunologia
veterinária
parasitologia
ecologia
zootecnia
farmacologia
fisiologia
agronomia
medicina
mecânica
engenharia química
Total
Valid
SystemMissing
Total
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
3,8095243,809524
4,0740744,074074
3,0769233,076923
4,6739134,673913
8,925628,92562
4,0740744,074074
4,3754,375
55
2,9629632,962963
2,2222222,222222
0,5882350,588235
1,6406251,640625
Individual number of advised students/ average number of advised students in her area
Individual Bibl. Productivity/ Average Area Productivity