Integumentary System Review

#1 The 5 Function(s)

1. Physical protection2. Temperature Regulation3. Protects against water loss4. Excretion5. Synthesis of vitamin D3

• Serous: line body cavities with no openings (thorax)

• Mucous: line cavities that open to outside (anus, nose)

• Synovial: line joints (elbow)

#2 and #3 Serous, Mucous and Synovial Membranes

#4 Structure of Skin

2 layers – epidermis and dermis

#5 Which layer has the most accessories? The Dermis

#6 Epidermis Layers from outer to inner

• 1. Stratum Corneum• 2. Stratum Lucidum• 3. Stratum Granulosum• 4. Stratum Spinosum• 5. Stratum Basale

#7 Melanocytes in the Stratum Basale produce melanin

#8 Skin Color

• Is determined by 3 pigments1. Hemoglobin – red pigment within rbc2. Melanin – brown pigment in melanocytes3. Carotene – orange-yellow pigment found in

both epidermal cells and dermal fat cells

#9 Dermis contains...

• 1. Elastic and fibrous connective tissue• 2. Blood vessels integrated within to help

regulate body temperature• 3. Nerve tissue carries sensory impulese• 4. Hair follicles• 5. Sebaceous Glands (oil)• 6. Sweat glands

#10 Subcutaneous contains...

• 1. Adipose tissue (insulation)• 2. Larger blood vessels• 3. Larger nerve fibers

#11 Accessory Structuresof the Integument

1. Hair follicles 2. Oil and sweat glands3. Nails

#12 Hair

• Most skin surfaces• Composed of recycled

epidermal cells• Arrector pilli muscle

controls “goosebumps”

• Hair color is genetic

#13 & #14 Sebaceous Glands

• Attached to hair follicles (usually)

• Secrete oil which helps keep hair soft & waterproof

• Acne is a bacterial infection of the sebaceous gland

#15 Sweat Glands

• Most numerous in palms & soles• Sweat is mostly water, but also salts and urea

and uric acid.• Some are specialized such as the ones in the

ear (ear wax)• Response to heat or emotional stress

#16 &17 Regulation of Body Temperature

• 37°C or 98.6°F• Heat Lost = Heat Produced• Thermometer is called the hypothalamus

(in the brain)• Internal regulation is called homeostasis

(biological balance)• Sweating, shivering, flushing, are

examples of temperature regulation

Homework Worksheet Review

Body Membranes

• 1. Cutaneous• 2. Synovial• 3. Mucous• 4. Serous

Functions of Integumentary System

• 1. Protection• 2. Thermoregulation• 3. Excretion• 4. Keeps water in or out• 5. Vitamin D Synthesis

Structure of the Skin• 1. Subcutaneous Layer• 2. Stratum Basale• 3. Epidermis• 4. Dermis• 5. Subcutaneous Layer• 6. Epidermis• 7. Stratum Corneum

… Structure of the Skin• 8. Dermis• 9. Stratum Basale• 10. Stratum Corneum• 11. Subcutaneous Layer• 12. Dermis• 13. Dermis• 14. Epidermis• 15. Dermis

Skin Color

• 1. Melanin, Carotene, Hemoglobin• 2. Melanin• 3. Melanin• 4. Melanocytes• 5. Sunlight• 6. Genetics• 7. Sun

Summer tans are temporary

• Because skin is continually sloughed off and new cells are formed

Diagram of the Skin

• 13 Arrector Pili 12 Sebaceous Gland• 11 Capillary 9 Stratum Basale• 2 Dermis 5 Stratum Corneum• 8 Dermal papilla 3 Subcutaneous • 1 Epidermis 15 Sweat Gland• 14 Hair Follicle 7 Sweat Gland Duct• 4 hair Shaft 6 Sweat Pore• 16 Nerve Fiber 10 Touch Receptor

Accessory Structures

• 1. Hair Follicle• 2. Sebaceous Gland• 3. Arrector Pili• 4. Sweat / Sudoriferous• 5. Apocrine• 6. Apocrine / Sebaceous• 7. Sudoriferous

….Accessory Structures

• 8. Keratin• 9. Protection• 10. Perspiration• 11. Sebum• 12. Cerumen• 13. Pink

Temperature Regulation

• 1. 37°C• 2. 98.6°F• 3. Respiration• 4. Muscle• 5. Hypothalamus• 6. Skin

…Temperature Regulation

• 7. Blood• 8. Perspiration• 9. Loss• 10. Heat

…. Temperature Regulation

• 11. Increased• 12. Flushing• 13. Sweat• 14. Evaporation• 15. Heat