integration problems in high functioning autism dorit ben shalom, zlotowski centre for neuroscience,...
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![Page 1: Integration problems in high functioning autism Dorit Ben Shalom, Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the Negev](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56649d6e5503460f94a4e717/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Integration problems in high functioning autism
Dorit Ben Shalom, Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion
University of the Negev
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An under researched problem
By informal estimate, only 10% of people with high functioning ASD have the severe form
Researchers have no idea what to look for
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My main interest is in the severe form, because so much more is known about the less severe forms
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The medial prefrontal cortex and integration in autism
Ben Shalom, 2009
Ben Shalom, D. (2009). "The Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Integration in Autism." Neuroscientist:
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Level 3• Logical processing• Conscious
• Integration• Pre-conscious
• Animal processing• Unconscious
Level 2
Level 1
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Emotion
the theory of mind hypothesis(Baron-Cohen et al., 1985, Frith & Happe,
1994)
Baron-Cohen, S., A. M. Leslie, et al. (1985). "Does the autistic child have a "theory of mind" ?" Cognition 21 (1): 37-46.Frith, U. (1994). "Autism and theory of mind in everyday life." Social Development 3(2): 108-124.
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Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
Conscious logical processing of emotions
Pre-conscious integration of emotional states
The animal level of emotion
NeurotypicalAutistic
spectrum disorder
emotion
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an atypicality at the integrative level could lead to atypical emotional s tates , and to a
lack of common experiences with other people
Emotion
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Memory
episodic (Bowler et al., 2000) or ‘complex’ memory atypicalities
(Minshew and Williams, 2007)
Bowler, D. M., J. M. Gardiner, et al. (2000). "Episodic Memory and Remembering in Adults with Asperger Syndrome." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 30 (4): 295-304Minshew, N. J. and D. L. Williams (2007). "The new neurobiology of autism: cortex, connectivity, and neuronal organization." Archives of neurology 64 (7): 945-950.
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L evel 3
L evel 2
L evel 1
C onscious logical process ing of emotions
P re-conscious integration of memory epis odes
T he animal level of memory
NeurotypicalAutistic
spectrum disorder
memory
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one reason for atypical episodic or 'complex' memory in AS D could be
atypical intergration of memory episodes
Memory
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Perception
the weak coherence hypothesis (Frith, 1989, Happe & Frith, 2006) (emphasis on
atypical top down processing)
the enhanced perceptual functioning hypothesis (Mottron et al., 2006)
(emphasis on enhanced bottom up processing)
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L evel 3
L evel 2
L evel 1
C onscious logical process ing of emotions
P re-conscious integration of perc eptual objec ts
T he animal level of perception
NeurotypicalAutistic
spectrum disorder
perception
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a lack of perceptual objects could reduce top down process ing and encourage
bottom up process ing
Perception
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Motor
dyspraxia (difficulty in planning complex movements) is more general in ASD, going
beyond imitation (mostofsky et al., 2006)
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Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
Conscious logical processing of emotions
Pre-conscious integration of motor actions
The animal level of motor behavior
NeurotypicalAutistic
spectrum disorder
motor
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a difficulty formulating motor actions could lead to a difficulty in motor planning
Motor
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perception
memory
emotion
motor
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JS (Smith, 2006)
“I have a hard time localizing pain [. . .]. I have a very hard time explaining where aches are located when my doctors ask”
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who after 4 repetitions of 8 word pairs with phonological interference knew only 2
Unrelated JS (Ben Shalom, Faran, & Boucher, 2010)
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“When I was 7 I got a doll's house [. . .]. I picked it up [. . .] in my mouth [. . .]. I later moved onto the series of flattened white blocks [. . .] before stacking them in piles according to size. [. . .] I saw no doll's house”
Donna Williams (Williams, 2003)
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Ido Kedar (Kedar, 2010)
“It was my good fortune that I was able to learn to communicate on letter board or computer with my one finger. Thanks to that, my education is possible”