integration of agricultural subsectors – introduction and examples
TRANSCRIPT
Integration of Agricultural Subsectors
Introduction and examples
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Mixed crop-livestock Systems
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Mixed crop-livestock Systems in Zambia
• Livestock = 40% of agricultural GDP
• IAPRI/CSO/MAL survey of 8279 households: 27% with cattle, 28% with goats, 75% with chicken
• Growing demand for livestock products. Projections 2050: +71% beef, +129% milk and +80% small ruminant s meat
Seasonality of forage consumption
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•
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Feed balance for residues and grass(dry season)
• Higher deficit
for crop residues
than for grass
• Higher distance
to cover to fill
deficit in crop
residues
Average distance to cover to fill deficit 31 km 8 km
Crop residues
Deficit/excess
Grass
Deficit/excess
Mean
Max.
Excess
Deficit
Livestock effect on income and its variability
0.0
e+
00
5.0
e+
06
1.0
e+
07
1.5
e+
07
Gro
ss
in
co
me
Without livestock With livestock
Normal
Dryer than usual
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Va
ria
tio
n in
gro
ss
in
co
me
(C
V)
Without livestock With livestock
Normal
Dryer than usual
•
•
METHOD– SCENARIOS 2012-2030
ProductionCow milk, beef and goat meat
AdaptationTransmission of inter-annual variability from biomass to animal products
MitigationGHG emissions and emission intensity
Vegetation (supply)
2012-2030 scenarios
• Baseline
• Drought
Livestock (demand)
Improvement options
• Animal husbandry & health
• Feeding practices (improved grasslands
and replacement of part of the CR)
Results - Adaptation0
.00
0.0
50
.10
0.1
50
.20
Inte
ran
nu
al v
ari
ab
ilit
y (
CV
)
2000-2011 Baseline Drought
scenario scenario
0.0
00
.05
0.1
00
.15
0.2
0
Inte
ran
nu
al v
ari
ab
ilty
(C
V)
2000-2011 Baseline Drought
scenario scenario
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•
Biomass production variability Livestock production variability
Overcoming trade-offs between conservation agriculture and livestock
• Sound assessment of biomass availability and demand (animal feed intake and fuel) balance
• Allocation and efficient utilisation of crop residues, with minimum level of vegetative cover assessed to conserve/enhance soil resources and moisture in each agri- environmental and climatic condition, and nutrient imports from animal manure added
• Identification of local alternative/complementary strategies to feeding crop residues (legumes, grasses, tree fodder…)
Sources: Valbuena et al., 2012; Mueller et al., 2003
Agroforestry systems
• Use of trees and shrubs as part of agricultural systems to prevent soil erosion, facilitate water infiltration and decrease the impacts of extreme weather.
• Also helps diversify income sources and provides energy and fodder for livestock.
• Nitrogen-fixing leguminous trees, such as Faidherbia albida, increase soil fertility and yields
• Not a recipe: a wide variety of systems and tress species to consider in very different contexts
Source: Torquebiau, 2013
A range of systems and responses to CC
BUT ALSO…
• Rice-fish systems in Asia
• Livestock and fish ponds in South-East Asia
• Integrated water-soil management
• Integrated landscape management…
