Integrating Technology into

Teaching

TPACK

Steve SwanUniversity of Louisville

Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked

problem”.

TPACK

Requirements are incomplete, contradictory, and changingUnique, no two wicked problems are the sameSolutions are difficult to realizeSolutions are not “right’ or “wrong”Solutions do not have “stopping rules”

If we teach today as we taught yesterday,If we teach today as we taught yesterday,

then we rob our children of tomorrow. then we rob our children of tomorrow.

~John Dewey~John Dewey

If you accept your limitations, you go beyond them.

Brendan Francis Behan

“Much of education today is monumentally ineffective. All too often we are giving young people cut flowers when we should be teaching them to grow their own plants.”

John Gardner

NETS (National Educational Technology Standards) Teacher Standards for Teaching with

Technology

1. Facilitate and Inspire Student Learning and Creativity

2. Design and Develop Digital-Age Learning Experiences and Assessments

3. Model Digital-Age Work and Learning

4. Promote and Model Digital Citizenship and Responsibility

5. Engage in Professional Growth and Leadership

International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), 2008

What does history tell us…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9gB6AP3BEs

Teacher Knowledge

Content

Content Knowledge (CK) is knowledge about the actual subject matter that is to be learned or taught. The content to be covered varies greatly by age level and subject- matter.

Teacher Knowledge

Pedagogy

Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) is deep knowledge about the processes and practices or methods of teaching and learning and how it encompasses (among other things) overall educational purposes, values and aims.

Teacher Knowledge

Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Content Pedagogy

PCK

In considering the relationship between content and pedagogy, the key question is how disciplines differ from each other and whether disciplines can or should be taught through the same instructional strategies.

Teacher KnowledgePedagogical Content Knowledge Relationship

Discipline Differences•Description of context, conditions, facts, functions, assumptions, and goals

•Selection of relevant information and critical elements

•Representation: organizing, illustrating, and modifying elements and relations

•Inference: drawing conclusions, forming propositions

•Synthesis: composing wholes from parts, filling gaps, developing course of action –

•Verification: confirming accuracy and results, judging validity, using feedback

Teacher Knowledge

Technology

Understanding the impact of technology (TK) on the practices and knowledge of a given discipline is critical if we are to develop appropriate technological tools for educational purposes.

Teacher Knowledge for the 21st Century

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge

The Total Package for Teaching in the 21st Century!

Content Pedagogy

TPCKTechnology

TPACK

Teacher Knowledge for the 21st Century

TPACK is the intersection of all 3 bodies of knowledge Understanding goes beyond the knowledge of each in isolation. Instead it is how they interact with each other

Content Pedagogy

TPCKTechnology

TPACK

Thinking about TPACK -Borrowing from PCK

An overarching conception of what it means to teach particular content topics;

Knowledge of students’ understandings, thinking, and learning of particular subject matter topics;

Knowledge of curriculum and curriculum materials with learning and teaching subject matter topics;

Knowledge of instructional strategies and representations for teaching and learning particular content topics.

Grossman, 1989,1990

An overarching conception of what it means to integrate technology to teach particular content topics;

Knowledge of students’ understandings, thinking, and learning of particular subject matter topics with technology;

Knowledge of curriculum and curricular materials that integrate technology with learning and teaching subject matter topics;

Knowledge of instructional strategies and representations for teaching and learning particular content topics with appropriate technologies.

Niess, 2005

PCK TPACK

Preparing Teachers to Teach with Technology - Guiding Development of

TPACK

The challenges Digital emigrants from 20th century 20th century learning in K-12 20th century college subject matter teaching 20th century teacher preparation programs Teacher educators Cooperating teachers 20th century school classrooms, curriculum,

instruction Technology access TPACK developmental process

Impossible?

Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked

problem”.

TPACK

Teaching with technology is a

WICKED PROBLEM!

Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked

problem”.

TPACK

Wicked Problems require

CREATIVE SOLUTIONS

Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked

problem”.

TPACK

Creativity is seen as Novelty

Novelty must be joined to Purpose

Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective , and Whole (NEW)

TPACK

-Novel Fresh, unusual, unique, surprising, startling, astonishing, astounding, germinal, trendsetting, radical, revolutionary, influential, pioneering- Effective Valuable, important, significant, essential, necessary, logical, sensible, relevant, appropriate, adequate, functional, operable, useful, user-friendly- Whole Organic, ordered, arranged, organized, formed, complete, elegant, graceful, charming, attractive, refined, complex, intricate, ornate, interesting, understandable, meaningful, clear, self-explanatory, well crafted, skillful, well made, meticulous

Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective , and Whole (NEW)

TPACK

Go to Movie

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOYCmPUVFfs

Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective , and Whole (NEW)

TPACK

A school develops a creative way to showcase their love of reading and diversity

http://media.jefferson.k12.ky.us/groups/brandeiselementary/

Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective , and Whole (NEW)

TPACK

A teacher working in a challenging school tries using technology and a different pedagogy to teach her content.

http://drmswonderfulwiki.wikispaces.com/

http://drmsintegratedwiki.wikispaces.com/

Putting it all together…

TPACK

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_bgeohrV_k

TPACK Framework Activity Using the TPACK Framework students will identify: content, pedagogy, and technology in a real school activity. Students will complete the TPACK Framework at the beginning of class. Revisit the process at the end of class and revisit/revise their TPACK Framework.

TPACK Framework Activity

TPACK Framework Activity • Content knowledge

• Pedagogy Knowledge

• Technology Knowledge

• TPACK Solution