integrating renewable energy to the grid
DESCRIPTION
Joe Corbett, Mainstream's Head of Technology presented to the Institution of Engineering and Technology on 27 February in London. The presentation seeks to examine the rationale and technical challenges to the Energy Bridge proposition. The presentation also focuses on the technology advances relating to the Supernode concept.TRANSCRIPT
The Energy Bridge Ireland – UK Rationale and Technical challenges
- Joe Corbett, Head of Technology- London, 27 February 2014
2
Chile (onshore wind & solar)
Pipeline:1,200MW
South Africa (onshore wind & solar)
Pipeline: 4,854MW
USA (onshore)Pipeline: 1,265MW
Germany (offshore wind)Horizont: 1,200MW
Scotland (offshore wind)Neart na Gaoithe: 450MW
UK (offshore wind)Hornsea: 6,000MW
Canada (onshore wind & solar)
Pipeline:995MW
Ireland (onshore wind)Pipeline: 1200 MW
In Construction/In Operation In Development
Ireland (onshore wind)Knockaneden – 9 MWCarrickeeney – 8 MW
Old Man wind farm - 46MW
Jeffreys Bay wind farm – 138MWDe Aar solar park – 50MW
Droogfontein solar park – 50MW
Negrete wind farm – 33MW
Coal26%
Nu-clear25%
Gas24%
Hy-dro15%
Wind3%
Oil3%
Biomass2%
Waste1%
Solar PVGeothermal
•Energy Security
•Sustainability
•Economic Development
•GHG Reduction
Source: IEA
Drivers for Change – Europe’s Electricity Fuel Mix (2008)
Debate?
S. & Cent. America1%
Azerbaijan1% Kazakhstan
2%
Russian Federation
33%
Turk-menistan
2%Uzbek-istan2%
Africa15%
Middle East8%
Western Europe
35%
•Remove Coal•Nuclear Debate•Increase Renewables•Secure Supplies•Invest in Transmission
Constraints•Regulation•Public Opposition
•Onshore Wind•Overhead Lines
Europe Gas Sources 2010Source: BP
• Ireland 2020 targets• 4GW
• Gate 3 = 3.9GW• Only require 55%• Future of PSO Contribution for wind beyond gate 3?
• Currently 13.5GW in queue BEYOND Gate 3
•Not possible to absorb domestically•Curtailment / Constraint
• Interconnector Exports?
Beyond Gate 3 (2025) – The Queue
Ireland & UK 2020 Targets Synergy
Ireland● Electricity from Renewables by 2020 – 40%
● Equates to 4 GW installed by 2020● 2 GW already installed● 0.25 GW p.a. required to reach target● 16 GW waiting in Grid Queue!
● Only requires 12.5% of current grid queue to reach2020 target
● Irish Wind potential = 345 TWh p.a.● Equates to 19 x market size● Significant opportunity to Export
UK● Electricity from Renewables by 2020 – 30%
● Equates to 35 GW installed by 2020● Currently 8.5 GW installed● 3.3 GW p.a. required to reach target● 22 GW in Grid Queue
● UK installed 0.7 GW in 2011
● LCPD – coal decommissioning
Political Stimulus
● Concept of export first raised at British Irish council 2011
● Declarations of intent made by both ministers June 2012 to enact legislation
● UK Energy Bill Dec 2012● Provides for projects outside UK REZ to
qualify for CfD’s
● Bi-lateral MoU now signed● IGA Q1 2014
Mainstream Energy Bridge – 5,000MW Direct Export
Projects of Common Interest and SuperNode
Energy Bridge Context
Technology and Innovation
12
Cables Today
● AC Application● SCFF - 500kV / 1,200 MW● XLPE - 500kV / 1,000 MW
● DC Application● Mass-Impregnated (MI)
● 500kV / 1,600 MW Installed● 600kV / 2,200 MW Awarded
● Extruded (XLPE)● 200kV / 400 MW Installed● 320kV / 900 MW Awarded
● SCFF● AC/DC● Short Lengths
13
Grid Design
Friends of the Supergrid Technical Working Group
DC Breakers
•Resonance
•Power Electronics•Full Bridge Conversion
•Ballistic Breaker
•Superconductor
•Hybrid
•Plasma
Ballistic Breaker™
Roger Faulkner :Ballistic Breaker Corporation
Long Distance Transmission
•HVDC•Overhead Lines
•Permitting/Consent
•Cables (>100 Years Old)•MI = 800kV •XLPE = 500kV•No. Joints•Drilling / Tunnelling
•GIL•Elpipes•Research
Roger Faulkner: LONG DISTANCE UNDERGROUND HVDC TRANSMISSION VIA ELPIPES (ICHVE 2010)
Baker Hughes
Technology Development (Friends of the Supergrid – Technical Working Group)
● Increased power ratings for VSC (1,000 MW at 320 kV DC)
● Demonstrators for DC side fault clearing (e.g. DC Circuit Breakers)
● DC 320 kV cables with extruded insulation in operation at different onshore and offshore projects (500 MW per cable)
● DC cables with extruded insulation >320 kV developed
● MI-PPL 600kV (1.1GW per cable) developed and higher voltages in development
● MI >500 kV cable developed
● AC GIL in operation
● Standardization work for HVDC grids in CIGRÈ, CENELEC started
Today – 2015 (Supergrid Preparation Phase)
2015 – 2020 (Supergrid Phase 1)
After 2020 (Supergrid Phase 2)
● DC cables with extruded insulation >320 kV in operation
● MI-PPL 600kV cable in operation
● MI >500kV in operation
● Development of new extruded insulation compounds for HVDC cables
● System for fast selective fault detection in HVDC networks
● DC side selective fault clearing and system reconfiguration
● Hierarchical control architecture for integrated AC and DC Grid in Europe
● Demonstrators for DC/DC Converter
● Further Development of MI and MI-PPL Cables
● HVDC cables with new extruded insulation compounds in operation
● Superconducting cables
● DC GIL
● DC/DC converter
Control and InformationCo
mm
unica
tions
/SCA
DA SuperNode Control
AC Control & Protection
Smart Meter
Source: Sustainable Energy Horizon Panel report
Mainstream Initiatives
Friends of the Supergrid
SuperNode• Low Voltage Model• Medium Power Pilot (H2020)• TEN-E-Funding• SuperNode Concept Design and Scale
Model
PowerTube
International Bodies Working Groups
Inventing the Future
Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.— Albert Einstein—
There are those who look at things the way they are, and ask why... I dream of things that never were, and ask why not?— Robert Kennedy —
Source: Microsoft
We are on a once-off transition to sustainability