integrating handwashing into community approaches to total sanitation (cats)

8/12/2019 Integrating Handwashing into Community Approaches to Total Sanitation (CATS)

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Integrating Handwashing into

Community Approaches to Total Sanitation

(CATS)

PPPHW Think Tank, February 2014


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Community Approaches to Total Sanitation

What are CATS?

CATS is an umbrella term developed by UNICEF to encompass a wide

range of community-based sanitation programming (including CLTS).

Community Approaches to Total Sanitation (CATS) aims to eliminate

open defecation in communities around the world.

The CATS Essential Elements are the common foundation for UNICEF

sanitation programmingglobally.


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CATS: The Essential Elements

At their core, CATS rely oncommunity mobilization and

behavior change to improve

sanitation and integrate hygiene

practices.

They are demand-driven and

community-led, and emphasize the

sustainable use of safe, affordable,

user-friendlysanitation facilities.


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CATS: A Global Perspective

CATS is currently being implemented in 53 countries


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How is handwashing being included?

Through new triggering

exercises, as part orfollow-up to the initial

village triggering

Interpersonal hygienepromotion, as part of

community level follow-

up and school-based

activities

Inclusion in national

ODF protocols


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Example: Creating new HW triggering tools

10 tools field tested inMalawi (UNICEF, SalimaDistrict Council, ECBCanada)

Handwashing practice

increased by 69% andsoap availability athandwashing facilitiesincreased by 15%(compared tocommunities where nospecific HW triggeringtools were used)


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Example: ODF protocols

But a lot of variation in the way HW is included.

Environmentiscompletely

100%ODF

Eachho

useholdhasaccess

tot

heirownlatrine

Alllatrinesmustbefully

functionalandclean

Each

householdhas

accesstoHWWS

facilities

Child

rensfaecesare

dispo

sedofeffectively

Eachho

useholdhasaccess

toasharedlatrine

Eac

hmemberofthe

communityunderstandsthe

need

tocontainexcreta

i

,

i

Action

Planand/orother

communityM&Estructure

present

nstitutionalWASHfacilities

schoolsandhealthcentres)

mus

talsobepresent

lllatrin

esmusthaveatight

fittingcover

Allla

trinesmusthave

sanitarybins

i

isibly

cle

an

no

garbage

or

flies

By-law

simposedatLocal

overnm

ent/communitylevel

t

oprohibitOD

Bangladesh X X X X X X X

Chad X X

Cote dIvoire X X X XEthiopia X X X X X

Ghana X X X X X X X

India X X X X X X X

Kenya X X X X

Madagascar X X X X X X

Mali X X X X

Mozambique X X X X X

Niger X X X

Nigeria X X X X

Sierra Leone X X X X X X X X X

Syria X X X X X X X

Togo X X X X

Zambia X X X X

Country

Essential Indicators Additional Indicators


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Zambia

ODF verification form requires visit to each HH in villagelooks at: Handwashing station (Y/N)

Handwashing station with water + soap/ash (Y/N)

ODF certification letter sent to community includes:

Following the ODF verification visit of your village conducted on the XXX month

year, I am happy to inform you that the verification team has recognize the

achievement of the ODF status of your village. This is no mean achievement and

the district team takes this opportunity to congratulate you for your efforts

I urge you to continue your effort to ensure that all household use and maintaintheir latrines appropriately and practice hand-washing with soap/ash. As you

know Hand-washing with soap/ash before eating and after using the latrine is

key to reduce diarrheal disease and keep you community healthy.


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Ethiopia:

Phase 2 certification (to get white flag) includes:

Handwashing facilities are in working order and have enough

water and soap or soap substitute (applies to HHs and

institutions, such as schools, health centres)

Communal latrines with

hand washing facility

available for passengers

on main routes andpublic gathering places


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Others are less precise:

GhanaModel Clean Community

(MCC) criteria includes:

An increase in handwashing practice

(evidenced by hand

washing facilities with soap

or other agent) close totoilet facilities, in

institutions such as schools

and health posts


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Immediate impact of including hygiene

promotion in CATS:

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Toiletsinuse

Toiletswith

superstructures

Roofedtoilets

Toiletswithlids

Coveredorifices

Smoothand

cleansquatting

surface

Toiletswith

handwashing

facilities

Zambia6 month follow-up survey:

76% of toilets had hand-washing facilities (a significantimprovement on the initial pilot) - of these, 84% had water,

51% of households were using soap and 34% using ash for hand-

washing


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Some findings from the Global CATS Evaluation

Survey shared with regional

and country level staff andpartners218 responses from

45 countries:

Broad agreement that

hygiene promotion shouldbe integrated into CATS

programmes

Majority of respondents

reported that

Handwashing station with

water and soap/ash is one

of the most difficult results

to achieve


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Some findings from the Global CATS Evaluation

And hand washing was reported as being the hardest ODF

certification criteria to maintain


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Some findings from Sustainability Checks:

Increasingly being used by UNICEF (with partners) to ensure that

project outputs are sustainable beyond the end of the projects bysystematically auditing key sustainability criteria and using the

results to make course corrections and as a core indicator for

assessing project success:

In Mozambique, virtually all ODF communities visited werefree of signs of OD, but only 40% met the more stringent ODF+

standards which includes new criteria on latrine quality,

handwashing facilities and the presence of soap or ash.

A key challenge for ODF sustainability monitoring through the SCs

is finding tools nuanced and flexible enough to assess defecation

and hygiene practices and behaviour change patterns within the

quick in-and-out visits typical of SCs.


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Thank you!

Any questions?

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