integrating geospatial information & linked open data dr. john j o’flaherty,
DESCRIPTION
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI. Integrating Geospatial Information & Linked Open Data Dr. John J O’Flaherty, The National Microelectronics Applications Centre Ltd , [email protected]. Contents. Geospatial Information (GI) – OGC/INSPIRE Linked Data (LD) – W3C/Semantic Web - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Integrating Geospatial Information
& Linked Open Data
Dr. John J O’Flaherty,
The National Microelectronics Applications Centre Ltd,
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI
Contents
1. Geospatial Information (GI) – OGC/INSPIRE
2. Linked Data (LD) – W3C/Semantic Web
3. Linked Open Data (LOD) – Open Data/OGP
4. SmartOpenData Project
5. Linking Geospatial Data
6. SmartOpenData pilots
7. Conclusion on the Future for GI
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
The Future for GI will be LOD
“Everything is somewhere” Geospatial Information (GI) is fundamental. Open Interoperability is critical
The societal, economic & scientific benefits of integrating GI into commercial & institutional processes is huge.
– The process would be substantially aided if data were published on the Web with the appropriate GI at the source,
– thus allowing discovery & access using the standard Web mechanisms
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
GI – OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium)
GI is mainly based on standards fromOGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) & ISO (International Standards Organisation)
– Based on the OGC Reference Model» E.g. WMS 1.0 - Maps, Display, Features & Data
– See www.opengeospatial.org/standards
Based on extensive Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) that have been established
– E.g. the Irish Spatial Data Exchange, www.isde.ie Ireland’s INSPIRE GeoPortal, www.geoportal.ie
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/
Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community
GI - INSPIRE Directive
5GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
INSPIRE Principles
1. Data should be collected once & maintained at the level where this can be done most effectively.
2. Combine seamlessly spatial data from different sources across the EU & share it between many users & applications.
3. Spatial data should be collected at one level of government & shared between all levels of government
4. Spatial data needed for good governance should beavailable on conditions that are not restricting its extensive use.
5. It should be easy to discover which spatial data is available, to evaluate its fitness for purpose & know which conditions apply for its use
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
Annex III1.Statistical units2.Buildings3.Soil4.Land use5.Human health & safety6.Utility & Government services7.Environmental monitoring facilities8.Production & industrial facilities9.Agricultural & aquaculture facilities10.Population distribution – demography11.Area management/restriction/regulation zones & reporting units12.Natural risk zones13.Atmospheric conditions14.Meteorological geographical features15.Oceanographic geographical features16.Sea regions17.Bio-geographical regions18.Habitats & biotopes19.Species distribution 20.Energy resources21.Mineral resources
Annex I1.Coordinate reference system2.Geographical grid systems3.Geographical names4.Administrative units5.Addresses6.Cadastral parcels 7.Transport networks 8.Hydrography9.Protected sites
Annex II1.Elevation2.Land cover3.Orthoimagery4.Geology
INSPIRE 34 Spatial Data Themes
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
Mechanisms for sharing & exchangeMechanisms for sharing & exchange
INSPIRE Directive – Legislatively driven - Top-down – mainly OGC/ISO standards
INSPIRE DIRECTIVEINSPIRE DIRECTIVE
METADATAMETADATA
MONITORING & REPORTINGMONITORING & REPORTINGDATA & SERVICE SHARINGDATA & SERVICE SHARING
NETWORKING SERVICESNETWORKING SERVICESDATA SPECIFICATIONDATA SPECIFICATION
Member States Data
USERS - Seamless access to data
8GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
Web of Linked Data (LD) – Semantic Web of knowledge
Community driven - bottom-up/collaborative W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) standards
See www.w3.org/standards/
Open Web of Linked Data (Semantic Web) - based on – HTML/HTTP – the “normal” web of documents – standard Web Browser
– RDF Triples – Resource Description Framework - graph based data model Two nodes (Subject & Object) & a relationship connecting them (Predicate)
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
– URIs – Universal Resource Identifiers
» Web addresses for everything
» All Subjects, Objects & Predicates
Tim Berners Lee – Founder of the Web
“In an extreme view, the world can be seen as only connections, nothing else. We think of a dictionary as the repository of meaning, but it defines words only in terms of other words. I liked the idea that a piece of information is really defined only by what it's related to, & how it's related. There really is little else to meaning. The structure is everything. There are billions of neurons in our brains, but what are neurons? Just cells. The brain has no knowledge until connections are made between neurons. All that we know, all that we are, comes from the way our neurons are connected.”
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
Open Data – OGP (Open Government Partnership)
Open Data is – "A piece of data is open if anyone is free to use, reuse, & redistribute it — subject
only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and/or share-alike” G8 Open Data Charter - http://opensource.com/government/13/7/open-data-charter-g8
– All government data will be published open by default,
– Will increase the quality, quantity & re-use of the data that is released.
– To help unlock the economic potential of open data, support innovation & provide greater accountability.
EU Directive on reuse of Public Service Information (PSI)– See http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/european-legislation-reuse-public-sector-information
Open Government Partnership (OGP) – Ireland joined in 2013– OGP – 65 countries, www.opengovpartnership.org – Irish OGP National Action Plan, www.ogpireland.ie
» Open Data is a key component
» All PSI Open Data to be Linked Open Data within 5 years.
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
Open Data Formats
• Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the Web & Linked Data initiator, suggested a 5 star deployment scheme for Open Data. • From just electronic
to Linked Open Data (LOD)• See http://5stardata.info/
★ make your stuff available on the Web (whatever format) under an open license
★★ make it available as structured data (e.g., Excel instead of image scan of a table)
★★★ use non-proprietary formats (e.g., CSV instead of Excel)
★★★★ use URIs to denote things, so that people can point at your stuff
★★★★★
link your data to other data to provide context (LOD)GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
Linked Open Data cloud
http://lod-cloud.net/
Media
Government
Geo
Publications
User-generated
Life sciences
Cross-domain
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
data.cso.ie– 2011 Census – Linked Open Data
• 12 million RDF triples from Census
• Geographical entities (counties, cities, etc.)
• Codelists
• StatBank time series database
Linked Logainm.ie (Digital Repository Ireland) – Irish Place names
Irish Opendata.ie portal All-Island Research Observatory
– www.airo.ie Dublinked.ie Etc.
Irish Linked Open Data landscape
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
INSPIRE is moving quickly to becoming Linked Open Data
All INSPIRE Global IDs can now be defined as URIs. INSPIRE Secretariat at the Joint Research Centre (JRC)
is actively defining – An RDF representation for INSPIRE metadata based on DCAT-AP & other
relevant vocabularies.
» DCAT-AP (Data Catalogue Application Profile for European data portals – is a W3C recommendation.
– An open INSPIRE Registry
– See http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/
Various projects, including our SmartOpenData project is working closely with them to achieve this
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
SmartOpenDataLinked Open Data for environment protection in Smart Regions
FP7 ENVIR Grant no. 603824 - [Exploiting the European Open Data Strategy to mobilise the use of environmental data & information]
• SmartOpenData is creating a Linked Open Data platform of tools • to make public & voluntary GI resources on rural areas - such as
national parks.• available to SMEs as LOD in a way that will enable them to create
new services & products.
• Based on the practical needs & experience of 5 Demonstration Pilots
• SmartOpenData aims to help bridge the gap between
1. GeoSpatial Information - from the SDI/INSPIRE “world”• OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) – standards setting
2. Linked Open Data (LOD) - from the Semantic Web “world”• W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) – collaborative movement
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
SmartOpenDataLinked Open Data for environment protection in Smart Regions
• Involves 16 partners from 9 countries • Public Bodies,• Academic Researchers, • Industry• SMEs• Ireland – MAC, MWRA, Sindice
• Project started in November 2013 & will run for 2 years.
• See www.smartopendata.eu
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GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
SmartOpenData Consortium
Industry
Academic
Public Body
SMEs
Started: November 2013Duration: 24 MonthEU Contribution: €2.4M
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
Sponsored by SmartOpenData & informed its work ! 106 of the world’s experts, 38 presentations, 16
panellists, 8 bar camp pitches, 2 days Report at http://www.w3.org/2014/03/lgd/report Considered issues such as
– how should we encode geometry?
– how & where should we implement topological functions?
– additional metadata is required for spatial datasets – how do we do that?
– where is the software support for spatial data types & functions?
– geometries expressed as WKT (Well Known Text) literals are large objects — the Linked data world is used to handling simple literals;
– how do we help developers handle (or avoid) the steep learning curve to work with Linked Data?
Linking Geospatial Data, joint W3C/OGC Conference, 5-6th March 2014, London
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
ConclusionsWe must seamlessly integrate the GI & LOD “worlds”Joint Working Group is required to create or recommend standards that work across those communities.
– OGC & W3C committed to work together in establishing such a group.
– Working Group is in the process of being established.
Interesting technologies to standardise include– GeoSPARQL
– GeoJSON
Linking Geospatial Data, joint W3C/OGC Conference, 5-6th March 2014, London
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
1. Environmental Conservation – Ireland • Focused on biodiversity & habitats data for researchers & decision makers
in management & conservation of the Burren & other National Parks.
2. Water monitoring – Italy• Will explore the role of aggregating information from different Open Data
sources to provide up to date monitoring of water quality in Sicily.
3. Forest sustainability – Czech Republic• Forest site classification, sustainable management & utilisation of forest
roads using the National Forest Inventory & Regional Plans for Development datasets.
4. Environmental data reuse – Slovakia • Will deploy two types of web applications to achieve reuse of environmental
data & information in line with the European Open Data Strategy.
5. Agroforestry Management – Spain & Portugal• Will focus on building a web based collaborative Spatial Data Infrastructure
to promote sustainable agroforestry management, environment protection, rural economic development, water management & drinking water protection.
SmareOpenDataDemonstration Pilots
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
SmartOpenData Irish PilotEnvironmental Conservation, Biodiversity
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• The Irish pilot will access & aggregate sources to impact on biodiversity, by allowing them to seamlessly bridge the gap between the “worlds” of open data & INSPIRE geo-spatial sources for Environmental Conservation.
• Focusing on European protected areas & its National Parks, • Starting with the Burren National Park in Ireland.• To demonstrate the value of SmartOpenData in helping Researchers & Decision
Makers to better manage, preserve, sustain & use this unique ecosystem.
• Pilot will explore:• Discovery, seamless use & mashing together of sources to address immediate
biodiversity research issues.• Overcoming the barriers (cultural, political, administrative) to opening up the data• Overcoming technical incompatibilities of datasets in terms of technical standards,
semantic structuring etc. • Validation of the SmartOpenData platform in the aggregation, analysis &
visualisation to support decision making of the various research & other stakeholders requirements, & the value-add/impact on their work
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
SmartOpen Data Irish Pilot
Burren National Park, Co. Clare, Ireland
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• 1,500 hectares on the west coast of Ireland• Managed by the Irish National Parks & Wildlife Service • An unique area of high conservation value • containing many habitats of international importance
• including limestone pavement, calcareous grassland, oligotrophic lakes, turloughs, hazel scrub & ash/hazel woodland.
• Involves many Communities & Europe-wide environmental issues
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
SmartOpenData Irish PilotUser Scenarios
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SmartOpenDataPlatform Architecture
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
SmartOpenData Services
The SmartOpenData platform is • Integrates previously developed & available best open tools, • Being iteratively improved based on user operational feedback, • Provides services such as:
1. Discovery• Metadata harvesting & Publishing.
2. Data services• Distributed open data services• WMC• Registry services• GeoSPARQL tools • RSS/GeoRSS• KML/KMZ
3. Transformation• Workflow management
4. Monitoring5. External services6. Applications7. CMS8. Social Networks & Media
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
Huge Market Opportunity in combining GeoSpatial Information & Linked Open Data
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• GI Data €110-200B (with 30% growth) annually
• Ireland benefits > €0.5B/year
• OD in EU €42B in 2015 (with 7% growth) annually
• GeoSpatial OD has the widest applicability
• Combined GI/LOD - potential market > €20B in EU alone.
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]
In Conclusion ….
The Future of GI will be – Linked
– Open
– Standardised - combining both OGC & W3C standards.
– Huge opportunity for us all !
GIS Ireland 2014 - The Future for GI, Dublin, 16 Oct 2014, [email protected]