integrated science m4 tsunamis

OBJECTIVESWhat is a tsunami

What causes a tsunami

The effects of tsunamis

Detection and mitigation

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Module 4 Module 4 Unit 2 Unit 2 Lesson 13 - Integrated Lesson 13 - Integrated ScienceScience

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OVERVIEW

In this slide presentation, you will review the features and causes of tsunamis, as well as its effects. You will review the detection and safety measures associated with these natural forces.

You will also learn how they differ from tidal waves, which they are often incorrectly called.

You can access various subtopics in the Menu on the LEFT of the first slide.

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NOTE: For some activities, you will be asked to type your responses in boxes. To do so, you must be in Slide Show View. You can enter and delete text in the box in Slide Show View.





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OBJECTIVES

On completing this slide presentation, you should be able to: access information on the internet and share ideas.distinguish between *tsunamis and tidal waves.describe the causes of a tsunami.describe how a tidal wave forms.state the main effects of tsunamis.suggest ways of mitigating the effects of a tsunami.

*Pronounced soo-na-mee

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Is it a Tidal wave? Or, is it a Tsunami?

Watch this video which shows a natural hazard, called a tidal wave, filmed in China > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufl7cHu4ElQ Did the water appear to recede from the shore before bashing down on to land?Did you observe the force of the wave and how the water travelled swiftly across the land?“A tidal wave is a shallow-water wave caused by the gravitational forces interacting between the Sun, Moon and Earth” which cause changes in the level of water bodies or tides.

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http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/surge.html





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What is a tsunami?

Watch this video about the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, and observe that before the tsunami, it was an ordinary day, with the sea appearing quite calm with very small waves. As you watch, read the comments that are being made by the people! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1J8Feyr38Ss

At the start of this video, look at how the water recedes and also note people’s panic > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8IAgUNr6x4

Doesn’t the tsunami & tidal wave seem similar?

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What is a Tsunami?

Long ago, people actually thought of a tsunami as a large tidal wave.

In recent years, this term for tsunamis has fallen out of favour, especially in the scientific community, because tsunamis actually have nothing to do with tides! Use of the term tidal wave for a tsunami is discouraged by geologists and oceanographers, because ….

A tidal wave is not a tsunami!

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What is a Tsunami?

When you saw the tsunami videos, did you observe how water pulled off from the beach then it crashed onto land?

And, weren’t you surprised at the way the tsunami wave was able to push things, including vehicles, seemingly effortlessly!

Did you also observe the sense of panic that people had? Do you think they were prepared? Were they warned that a

tsunami was about to hit land?How could or should they have prepared for a tsunami?From how you saw the wave behaving, could you think, or have

any idea, what the word ‘tsunami’ means?

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What is a Tsunami?

Tsunami and tidal waves both produce waves of water that move on to land; but in the case of a tsunami, the inland movement of water is much greater and lasts for a longer period, giving the impression of an incredibly high tide.

Hence the incorrect name of ‘tidal wave’ for a tsunami!

“A tsunami can occur in any tidal state and even at low tide can still inundate coastal areas.”

Read the first three paragraphs to understand the origin of the name ‘tsunami’ at > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami

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What is a Tsunami?

A tsunami is a much larger, more powerful version of an ocean wave. Watch this video for about 2 minutes, showing ocean waves breaking on the beach, at >

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmPzbZVUp3g

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Each wave has the parts shown here. They form as wind passes over the surface of the open water. They are actually energy that moves across the surface of the water.





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What causes a tsunami?

Watch this video animation, to see how ordinary ocean waves usually form, > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_HefhiwioE

Now, watch this next video and try to relate what was happening in the previous tsunami videos to how this animation explains that tsunami waves form > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdqGoezNrY&NR=1&feature=endscreen (Anatomy of a tsunami)

Also watch up to 2.40 at > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wx9vPv-T51I

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So, when a tsunami comes to a shoreline or into a harbour, the “habour wave” is very high above the shallow harbour or beach floor and hits quite high up on the land.

If the first part of a tsunami wave to arrive at shore is the crest/ridge, a massive breaking wave or sudden flooding will be the first effect noticed on land.

However-- if the first part to arrive is a trough, a drawback will occur as the waterline on the shore recedes dramatically, exposing normally submerged areas of the beach and shoreline.

Tides do not play any part in the generation of tsunamis!

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The December twenty-sixth, 2004 tsunami that devastated the area around the Indian Ocean, resulted from an earthquake caused by subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate under the Euro-Asian Plate.

Remember that subduction occurs at convergent boundaries where one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate and sinks into the mantle as the plates converge.

Read through ‘Generation Mechanisms’, examine the graphics and discuss them with your teacher, from > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami

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What about us in Jamaica? Locate the Caribbean plate at > http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8456233.stm

On that map, note plate boundaries and on this one, note the faults; at both, seismic activities can cause tsunamis.

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http://www.csmonitor.com/var/ezflow_site/storage/images/media/map-caribbean-plate/7252733-1-eng-US/Map-Caribbean-Plate_full_600.jpg

Walton Fault

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The most common causes of a tsunami are:

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1) Earthquake

Watch this video to see what a landslide could cause >https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWbBiVxLzSs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami

2) Massive erosion or landslideusually from an earthquake.





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4) Falling meteorites

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami

5) Under-sea Nuclear tests or 6) Glacier calvings can also cause a tsunami.

3) Volcanic eruptions





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DID YOU KNOW?Sometimes tsunamis cause dangers which affect other areas. e.g., the recent tsunami in one part of Japan damaged their nuclear electricity generating power plant. This caused persons within a 20 mile radius to have to evacuate, leaving their homes and property. They also had to destroy all vegetables and animals on farms nearby due to radioactive particles that were emitted with the damage. Radioactive particles in water from the plant also got into the sea and were detected all the way across the Pacific Ocean in the West of the USA.

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Effects of a tsunami

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“Tsunamis cause damage by two mechanisms:1.the smashing force of a wall of water travelling at high speed; 2.the destructive power of a large volume of water draining off the land and carrying all with it, even if the wave did not look large.”





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Effects of a tsunami

Activity 3.1

a)With a partner, read the article at > http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-environmental-effect-of-tsunamis on the far-reaching effects of the tsunami!!

b)Discuss with your partner what you’ve observed in various videos, then list at least five effects of a tsunami on the terrestrial environment. Type your response in the box below. Click CHECK for possible answers.

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CHECK





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Activity 3.1 - Effects of a tsunami

Feedback to Question b). Discuss what you’ve observed in various videos with a partner, then list at least five effects of a tsunami on the terrestrial environment.

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Negative effects include:1.Destruction of coastline and the terrestrial environment .2.Widespread flooding usually results, which causes3.Massive damage to, and possible destruction of, property, homes and infrastructure in the built environment.4.Destruction of crops and farm and wild animals and their habitats..5.Pollution/contamination of water sources and debris on beaches. 6.Death of many persons.

Did you also think of these Positive effects? 1.Triggers an improvement in building codes.2.Leads to improved selection of housing zones3.Usually, more modern and better constructed homes, factories re-built.4.Richer sediments from the sea bed becomes deposited on the land.5.New warning systems set up





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Effects of a tsunami - Safety Tips

If you hear of an impending tsunami and you are in a dangerous area you should immediately turn off the water, electricity, and gas and quickly go inland to higher ground.

If you hear that a tsunami (or as is commonly said – a ’tidal wave’) is coming, do not go down to the beach to watch it come ashore, because of the dangerous impact of the very high waves.

After a tsunami hits, all food and water should be checked for contamination before being eaten.

All buildings should be checked for gas leaks, and broken electrical wires before anyone enters them.

Do not leave your safe location until the tsunami has passed over. Listen to T.V. or the radio to see when it is safe to go home.

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Detection and Mitigation

1. Watch this video about the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. Notice that these islanders knew the signs of an approaching “smong” or tsunami at > http://www.aol.com/video/how-the-simeulue-island-survived-a-tsunami/416308690/

2. What was the sign that these islanders had been told to look for to indicate that a tsunami or “smong” would hit after the earthquake?

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Possible AnswerIt was said that if an earthquake occurs, look to see if the water has suddenly receded from the usual waterline on the beach, leaving exposed sand/rocks. Also, watch to see if the animals are also seeking higher ground.

Click here for possible answer.





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3. Read the first two paragraphs at > http://theextinctionprotocol.wordpress.com/2014/02/23/recent-caribbean-earthquakes-spark-concern/

4. How can a knowledge of where earthquakes occur assist us in detecting and mitigating against tsunamis?

4. Most tsunamis result from underwater earthquakes. Scientists study earthquakes around the world continuously. When earthquakes occur, scientists use data about the earthquakes to determine if there is a possibility of a tsunami and where it might hit land.

Click here to check your answer.

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5. Would a tsunami warning system similar to that in the Pacific be a good thing to have in the Caribbean? Why? Why not?

In some oceans there is an early warning system because of detection buoys and satellite data. Look at web site > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Tsunami_Warning_Center ….which explains about the Pacific warning system which has been helping to monitor the Caribbean.

Click here for more information.

Click here to check your answer.





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Detection and Mitigation - Activity 5.1

Feedback to Question 5 cont’d.Since we live on islands in the Caribbean and on lands bordering on the Caribbean Sea and this is an area of active plate movement, it is possible to have a tsunami here that results from an earthquake. We should have an early warning system and prepare ourselves for the warning signs of approaching tsunamis, especially following massive earthquakes. Find out about the warning system that is being set up in Puerto Rico!

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What is a Storm Surge?

A storm surge can look a lot like a tsunami. “A storm surge is an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system, typically tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones. Surges are caused primarily by high winds pushing on the ocean's surface. The wind causes the water to pile up higher than the ordinary sea level”.

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SUMMARY

Watch this video from > http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/tsunamis/tsunami-101

Now, read and listen to this content at > http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-is-a-tsunami/

Read the comparisons between a tidal wave and a tsunami at this url > http://www.diffen.com/difference/Tidal_Wave_vs_Tsunami (Tidal wave vs Tsunami)

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QUIZ

Are you ready to test yourself? There are four multiple choice (M.C.) items that you are required

to do. For each item, click the letter that shows the statement or phrase

which most correctly answers the question.Click the FEEDBACK button and read the information on slide.Click the button ‘NEXT QUESTION’ to continue.Click the BEGIN QUIZ button to do the quiz.

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BEGIN QUIZ!BEGIN QUIZ!





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QUIZ: M.C Question 1

Why don’t people on cruise ships in the open ocean notice tsunami waves as they pass by?

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B. Since people on the ship were recovering from the earthquake shock, they won’t notice the waves.

D. This is not true. People on ships always notice tsunami waves.

C. Tsunami waves have no crests, and so don’t get noticed.

A. Tsunamis waves are too small in height on the open ocean.

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Feedback to Question 1 - Feedback

Why don’t people on cruise ships in the open ocean notice tsunami waves as they pass by?

A.“A” is correct because in the open ocean, the amplitude of tsunami waves is low, although their speed is high. Low waves would not be noticed on board a large ship.

B.People on board ships would not normally feel earthquakes, unless they were in shallow water, such as in harbours.

C.Tsunami waves on open oceans have no crests like regular waves caused by winds.

D.On board ships people DO NOT notice tsunami waves.

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QUIZ: M.C. Question 2

Earthquakes cause tsunamis by…..

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A. Shaking the sea floor to release gases that explode underwater.

B. Heating the ocean water and causing it to expand.

C. Shaking the water into waves.

D. Shifting the sea floor level, causing water above to be moved away.

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QUIZ: M.C. Question 2 – Feedback

Earthquakes cause tsunamis by…..

A.Although sometimes gases may be released by plate movements, they may dissolve in the ocean water, or released in small bubbles, not causing large displacement of water.

B.Plate movements and earthquakes do not usually heat up the ocean waters so much to cause expansion of the water

C.Small wave movements are different from tsunamis

D.Is correct, for the displacement of water above the moved sea floor creates an entire wall of water to be moved away from the area.






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What happens to tsunami waves as they come on or near shore?

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A. Both their amplitude and speed increase.

D. Both their amplitude and speed decrease.

B. Amplitude decreases, speed increases.

C. Amplitude increases, speed decreases.

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Quiz: M.C. Question 3 - Feedback

What happens to tsunami waves as they come on or near shore?

A.Only amplitude increases, not both of them.

B.Amplitude increases, not decreases. This means that the height of the tsunami waves increases in shallower water, nearer shoreline.

C.This is correct because, as these waves come nearer the shoreline, they decrease in speed, but increase in height/amplitude.

D.While amplitude increases, speed decreases!






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Which of the following signs should warn persons that a tsunami might be coming?

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A. The animals all head for the seashore.

D. The air becomes still and quiet.

B. The sky contains dark thunder clouds.

C. A heavy earthquake is felt near the seacoast.

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Quiz: M.C. Question 4 – Feedback

Which of the following signs should warn persons that a tsunami might be coming?

A.It is said that the animals might hear the noise of the tsunami and therefore move AWAY from the seashore, not towards it.

B.This is a warning that thunderstorms might come, or heavy rains.

C.C is correct. Since earthquakes may cause tsunamis, and both occurrences are related, it is likely that an undersea earthquake could create a tsunami.

D.Atmospheric air may become still before the local weather changes. But it has nothing to do with a tsunami.

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End of Activity

You have reached the end of this slide set. If you wish to review any of the concepts in this lesson, go to the

first slide and click on it in the menu. If you have finished viewing the slides, click the Close (X)

button.

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CREDITS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS6IqnvnOak (Hewitt Drew It Ocean Tides)

http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/solar-system/day-on-earth.htm (A Day on Earth)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-MOZId0FNw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Iq-h4ShZ8s

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integrated science m4 tsunamis

Education

tsunami tidal wave

effects of tsunamis

indian ocean tsunami

term tidal wave

main effects of tsunamis

large tidal wave

tidal wave forms

tidal waves