integrate early; integrate often

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Presentation given at the 2014 BuildingChicago - Greening the Heartland conference by Judi Cooper, Shanna Olson, Carey Nagle, and Scott Bowman. Using the Iowa Utility Board / Office of Consumer Advocate as a case study, the group demonstrates the power of the integrated design process as a tool to reach extremely high performance (and extremely low energy use) in buildings.

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  • 1. Integrate Early Integrate Often! Success for a LEED Platinum Public Building

2. Judi Cooper Deputy Executive Secretary Administrative Services Manager [email protected] Shanna Olson LC Senior Lighting Designer [email protected] 3. Scott Bowman PE, LEED AP BD+C Retired Principal and Sustainability Advisor [email protected] [email protected] Carey Nagle AIA, LEED AP BD+C Associate Principal [email protected] Fellow 4. COMMUNICATION Time to get engaged! 5. LEARNING OBJECTIVES learn how integrated design communication must be established and nurtured. understand how integrated design with early analysis and goal setting can greatly affect the performance of a building. engage and share with peers on the benefits and challenges of integrated design, and have fun in the process. see actual examples of projects which achieved exemplary performance as a result of integrative design. Participants will . . . 6. WHY? Energy codes are advancing Sustainability standards are advancing Design constraints are increasing Owners budgets are constrained Owners expectations are higher Buildings and systems are more complex Communication tools have exploded Integrated Design is the way to address all these issues and more! 7. 2 0 1 2 B N I M 8. A PROCESS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE B++ 9. 2 0 1 2 B N I M SIMPLE IDEAS AND PROCESS FOR ANY: 10. ACHIEVABLE + REPLICABLE TRANSFORM THE FUTURE 11. 2 0 1 2 B N I M 12. Owners 2 0 1 2 B N I M Design Professionals Government EVERY BUILDING 13. Owner Consultants Iowa Energy Center Utility Companies State Legislature INTEGRATE = UNITE COLLABORATION + INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS 14. INTEGRATED DESIGN As defined by LEED v4 15. INTEGRATIVE PROCESS 16. IP CREDIT 102 INTEGRATIVE PROCESS New Credit In HC too! Early simple box energy analysis Lists parametric options reviewed Includes water performance Requires cost analysis and bundling Reward for doing goal setting and analysis early! LEED 2009 Didnt Exist LEED v4 IP102: Integrative Process CREDIT POINTS 1 17. OWNERS PROJECT REQUIREMENTS The lowly, miss-understood OPR 18. OPR ACCORDING TO LEED LEED v2009 EAp1 The owner must document the owners project requirements. The design team must develop the basis of design. The CxA must review these documents for clarity and completeness. The owner and design team must be responsible for updates to their respective documents. 19. OPR ACCORDING TO LEED LEED v2009 EAp1 Reference Guide The owners project requirements should detail the functional requirements of a project and the expectations of the buildings use and operation as they relate to the systems being commissioned. 20. OPR ACCORDING TO LEED LEED v2009 EAp1 Reference Guide The owners project requirements should detail the functional requirements of a project and the expectations of the buildings use and operation as they relate to the systems being commissioned. 21. OPR ACCORDING TO LEED LEED v2009 EAp1 Reference Guide Owner and User Requirements Environmental and Sustainability Goals Energy Efficiency Goals Indoor Environmental Goals Equipment and System Expectations Building Occupant and O&M Requirements 22. OPR ACCORDING TO LEED LEED v4 Integrative Process and Cx Early Energy and Water analysis must be documented in OPR and BOD More Requirements of documents: Building and Site Program Building Form and Geometry Building Envelope and Faade Other Systems 23. WHAT IS THE BIG DEAL? The OPR is the most under valued and under used document in the design process Design teams MUST be on the same page and understand the Owners expectations Integration starts with communication, but must include documentation and approval Something other than meeting minutes needs to reflect objectives, goals and decisions 24. OPR AS DESIGN TOOL Embrace Integrated Design and Process Create OPR as a collaboration of initial building and sustainability charettes Focus on Owners goals and expectations Expand way beyond energy and systems Define required research or future decisions Revise and update living document! 25. WHAT DOES THE OWNER WANT? Meet an aggressive energy usage goal; A replicable model building; A comfortable, productive environment for staff/guests; Viewed as a positive addition to the Iowa Capitol Complex; A tour destination point; and Stay on budget 26. COMMUNICATION REPORT BACK What do you think INTEGRATED DESIGN means? 27. HIGH PERFORMANCE PROCESS What is the right and proper way to reach high goals? 28. LAYERS OF DESIGN 29. Use Less Reduce Loads Passive Envelope Use Efficiently System Selection High Efficiency Make On Site Renewable Energy Portal to Future 30. Total EUI : 28.0 kBtu/sf/yr % Reduction from code base EUI 60% Model for other government & private sector entities LEED Platinum VISIONARY GOALS 31. Building Area 44,640 GSF Cost $204 Per GSF MODEST BUDGET 32. PROJECT COMPLETION DATE Jan. 17, 2011 LOT SIZE 6.06 acres BUILDING GROSS FLOOR AREA 44,640 sf BUILDING FOOTPRINT AREA 20,003 sf HOURS OF OPERATION 6:00 A 5:30 P.M. BUILDING OCCUPANCY Permanent 90 x 44 Hours Visitors 20 Per Week x 4Hours TOTAL PROJECT COST $10,140,768 (Construction Costs) GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION 33. GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1 lobby 2 open office 3 enclosed office 4 meeting room 5 copy/work room 6 records information 7 hearing room 8 break room 9 receiving 10 files/storage 11 server room 34. UPPER FLOOR PLAN 1 lobby 2 open office 3 enclosed office 4 meeting room 5 copy/work room 6 records information 7 hearing room 8 break room 9 receiving 10 files/storage 11 server room 35. The team saw that the impact of their work was bigger than just the building. It was to set an example for other government buildings. JURY MEMBER 2012 AIA COTE TOP TEN PROJECTS SELECTION COMMITTEE 36. The reason we exceeded our [performance] goal is because the occupants understood what we were trying to do from the top down [O] we walked in the door with a set of protocols that we all helped to develop and understood. We dont plug in superfluous loads. We function with daylight. With the systems that are there the geothermal, the photovoltaics there are times when the building is producing more than we are using and sending it back to the State Capital Complex. JUDI COOPER DEPUTY EXECUTIVE SECRETARY | IUB-OCA 37. Young people are aware of [this building] and excited by it. Ive taken unsolicited phone calls from high school students saying, I see your new building on the Capital complex. Can I come and see it? And I say, Of course you can! I take them on a tour. Ive taken teachers, architecture students, people from around the world. They are aware of it, and I am excited by what they will do when they are the ones out there designing like this. JUDI COOPER DEPUTY EXECUTIVE SECRETARY | IUB-OCA 38. WATER STRATEGIES 1 rain garden 2 sediment basin 3 water infiltration basin 4 pervious pavement 5 offsite storm diverter 6 bioswale 7 on-street parking (minimizes impervious surface) 39. ENVELOPE How do we keep the outside out, and the inside in? 40. REPLICATION INNOVATION Good Thermal Envelope Cost Effective Precast Thermal Bridging Mitigation Non-Conductive Precast System Material Duality ENVELOPE 1 continuous thermal and air barriers at construction interfaces 2 thermomass precast concrete wall system 3 zinc cladding 4 cool roof 5 Daylight harvesting sunscreen 6 green wall 41. REPLICATION INNOVATION Operable Windows Weather Station Building Automation System Alert Systems Tie-In Cost Effective NATURAL VENTILATION 1 operable exterior windows 2 weather sensor measuring temperature, humidity, wind speed, and direction 3 weather station alerts occupants to open and close windows 4 mechanical system shuts down when windows are open 42. Material Duality, structural systems as finish systems Agrifiber, a rapidly renewable and regionally sourced material, was used for the door cores Furniture achieves Cradle-to-Cradle certification or equivalent standard Low V.O.C. materials used throughout All furniture within the project is Greenguard certified at a minimum 43. 35% of total material content was recycled 67%of materials were regionally extracted, harvested and fabricated 96% of wood used was Forestry Stewardship Council certified, hence responsibly harvested 89% of construction waste was recycled 44. HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING The physiological manifestation of well beingcomfort! 45. Courtesy PNNL ASHRAE 90.1-2013 ASHRAE 90-1975 ASHRAE 90A-1980 ASHRAE 90.1-1999 ASHRAE 90.1-2001 ASHRAE 90.1-2007 ASHRAE 90.1-2004 ASHRAE 90.1-1989 ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Improvement in ASHRAE Standard 90.1 (Year 1975 2010)EnergyUseIndex(1975Use=100) Year 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 50 1995 20152000 20102005 110 100 90 80 70 60 46. ENERGY MODELING Key to High Performance Important to understand interaction Many approximations manage expectations Know limits of software Understand gross assumptions! Move from isolated evaluations to bundling Set early goals Measure against them often! 47. Energy Use Basis Baseline 72.5 kBtu/sf 23% Heating Cooling Fan/Pump Lights Plug Load DHW 44% Data Courtesy of The Weidt Group 48. Energy Use Basis Design 27.3 kBtu/sf Heating Cooling Fan/Pump Lights Plug Load DHW Data Courtesy of The Weidt Group 15% 21%42% 49. Actual 21.2 kBtu/sf Energy Use Basis Heating Cooling Fan/Pump Lights Plug Load DHW Data Courtesy of The Weidt Group 18% HEATING 11% COOLING 24% FAN/PUMP 20% LIGHTS 26% PLUG LOAD 50. Energy Use Basis Heating Cooling Fan/Pump Lights Plug Load DHW Data Courtesy of The Weidt Group 18% HEATING 11% COOLING Actual 16.7 kBtu/sf 24% FAN/PUMP 20% LIGHTS 26% PLUG LOAD with Renewable (PV) 51. Why kBtu/sf? ASHRAE currently uses energy cost Dollars reflect some local energy utilization and market conditions Suppressed sources can obscure signals Natural Gas Renewable Energy (Wind or Solar) Need to measure true performance Location, Location, Location 28 kBtu/sf means something in Iowa What about Portland? 52. REPLICATION INNOVATION Passive Strategies Geothermal Energy Recovery Occupancy Sensors Per Workstation Demand Controlled Ventilation Building Automation System Photovoltaic Panels ENERGY STRATEGIES 1 geothermal system 2 photovoltaic roof panels 3 occupancy sensors for lighting and plug load reduction at each work station and office 4 stormwater filtered and infiltrated on site 5 continuous monitoring of all systems 6 perimeter radiant heating 53. 19.1% of Building Energy Use RENEWABLE ENERGY 54. DAYLIGHTING AND LIGHTING What do you mean gas lamps are good anymore? 55. DAYLIGHT HARVESTING GOALS Create a balance between potential energy reduction through enhanced daylight and reduced heat gain 56. Sunscreen Conditions summer winter 1 diffuse northern daylight 2 light tubes 3 daylight harvesting sunscreen 4 light sensors 5 daylight responsive artificial lighting 6 interior glazing transmits daylight 7 exterior view throughout DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES 57. Feel of the space Energy goals Energy code LEED Light levels Comfort with technology Initial Simple payback Life cycle cost Budget Users needs AestheticsEnergy LIGHTING DESIGN PROGRAMMTIC GOALS 58. IUB/OCA LIGHTING DESIGN Mix of design techniques and lamp sources 59. IUB/OCA LIGHTING DESIGN Mix of design techniques and lamp sources 60. IUB/OCA LIGHTING DESIGN Mix of design techniques and lamp sources 61. EVOLUTION IN LIGHTING 62. Linear LED Linear Fluorescent Life 50-100,000 hrs + 24-87,000 hrs Efficacy/ Efficiency Varies widely Varies widely Standard control Typically 0-10v standard Typically switching standard Optical qualities Point source/ lenses used to create ambient optics, quality ranges Ambient source CCT/ CRI 2700-6500/65-90 2700-5000/ 75-90 Cost 1.1-3 1 SDCM/ MacAdams step 7 step min 4 step min Replacement cost and availability Unknown Known & varies by lamp LED V. FLUORESCENT 63. WHITE LIGHT EFFICACY PROJECTIONS 64. Who will determine when LEDs need to be replaced? How much will it cost to replace? IMAGE SOURCE: maxlite.com Will the replacement parts provide the same lumen output and color quality? IES LM-80 & TM-21 have been adopted to define LED life and lumen maintenance APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS What does end of life mean for an LED? 65. APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS How does it really compare? 66. TRADITIONAL SOURCES SOLID STATE INITIAL COST LAMP LIFE DIFFERENCE LINEAR FL EVERY FEW FEET (SEVERAL HUNDRED WATTS) 6 TO 10 FIXTURES 300 TO 500 WATTS UNKNOWN . 24-87,000HRS TO 50,000HR 126/270/ 480 WATTS DEPENDING ON SCALE 100/180/350 WATTS DEPENDING ON SCALE MINIMAL COST DIFFERENCE 12,000HRS TO 50,000HRS COMPARISON 67. APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS What is white light and why does it matter? 68. IUB/OCA OUTDOOR LIGHTING Use of LED for all sources 69. IUB/OCA OUTDOOR LIGHTING LED Parking Lighting 70. APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS How do exterior lamp source options compare today? 71. LAMP TYPE WATTS PER SQ FOOT COST DIFFERENCE LIFE CONTROL CMH 37800 NOM 77% EFFICIENCY 29080DELIVERED 338 WATTS .292 WATTS PER SQ FT AT ABOUT 18FC ~ 30,000 HRS 0-10V DIMMING LED 412w 30,000 LUMEN .311 WATTS PER SQ FT AT ABOUT 18FC ABOUT 15% MORE L90 AT 60,000 HRS BI-LEVEL OR 0-10V DIMMING W/ OCCUPANCY SENSOR CURRENT EXTERIOR LAMP SOURCE OPTIONS 72. Feel of the space Energy goals Energy code LEED Functionality requirements Comfort with technology Initial Simple payback Life cycle cost Budget Users needs AestheticsEnergy CONTROLS PROGRAMMTIC GOALS 73. CURRENT AND PROJECTED CODE STATUS PER STATE 74. IUB/OCA LIGHTING CONTROLS INTEGRATION Networked 0-10v & switching protocols with Daylight Harvesting 75. 0-10V DIMMING CONTROL Daylight Harvesting 76. TYPICAL LIGHTING CONTROL ZONES 77. NETWORK CONTROL SYSTEMS Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) 78. Typically Saves the Most Energy in the Long Run Typically Requires More Knowledge to Maintain Maximizes Controllability Typically More Expensive Convergence Requires Greater Coordination in Design and Construction Long Term Flexibility Two Way Communication Pros Cons DIGITAL ADDRESSABLE LIGHTING INTERFACE DALI PROTOCOLS 79. CONVERGENCE How do we bring things together? 80. CONTROL INTEGRATION Integrated control systems Lighting AV Shades HVAC Security Receptacle 81. AMBIENT TASK CONTROL 82. 50% of all receptacles shall have automatic shutoff in: Open offices Private offices Computer classrooms Accomplished in one of three ways Ceiling or wall vacancy sensor Relay panel with time clock Plug in occupancy sensor MAY NOT BE ALLOWED BY AHJ ASHRAE 2010 RECEPTACLE CONTROL 83. PLUG LOAD CONTROL Data Courtesy of The Weidt Group Model = 0.90 w/sf Metered = 0.25 w/sf 84. OPERATIONS Now I get to run what you designedbut my reality has shifted! 85. PROTOCOLS Iowas Green Government Initiative Ensure importance of goal is communicated Solicit buy in All In Have clear behavioral expectations Automated building features make is easy Live it out No superfluous load Lay the Groundwork 86. BYOB 87. POST-OCCUPANCY + KNOWLEDGE SHARING 88. $54,000 Annual Savings 89. Includes PV 75% 98% 90. Includes PV 75% 98% 91. Energy Monitoring LEED Measurement & Verification Electrical Circuits Monitored Lighting Plug Loads Mechanical Equipment General Building Loads IT Equipment Geothermal Loop Data Collected by Capitol Complex Energy Management System 92. Energy Star = 100 MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION Second Year M&V Results: Design Estimated Model EUI with PV 28.1 Monitored EUI with PV 16.7 Monitored EUI without PV 21.2 Conclusions: Model over predicted pumping energy Model slightly over predicted lighting savings Plug loads are significantly lower than expectations Corrected energy model tracks actual use well 93. COMMUNICATION FOLLOW-UP Now what do you think? 94. TAKEAWAYS Integrative Design leads to High Performance Use the OPR as a design tool Collaboration of envelope to lighting is key Energy modeling should be early and often Measure against goals for key decisions Plug load management is new horizon Important concepts we wanted to emphasize 95. QUESTIONS understand how integrated design communication must be established and nurtured. realize integrated design with early analysis and goal setting can greatly affect the performance of a building. have seen the benefits and challenges of integrated design, and had some fun in the process. know of actual examples of projects which achieved exemplary performance as a result of integrative design. Learning objectives you should 96. AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS AIA Committee On The Environment Top 10 Green Building Award 2012 Top 10 Plus in 2014 ASHRAE Technology Award Second Place in 2014 AIA Central States Region Merit Award AIA Iowa Merit Award Des Moines Environmental Impact Awards Built Environment Award 97. http://bt.e-ditionsbyfry.com/publication/?i=200800&p=38 98. COMMUNICATION REPORT BACK What did we learn? 99. Integrate Early Integrate Often! Success for a LEED Platinum Public Building