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6 An Interdisciplinary Erosion Mitigation Approach for Coral Reef Protection – A Case Study from the Eastern Caribbean Carlos E. Ramos-Scharrón 1,2 , Juan M. Amador 3 and Edwin A. Hernández-Delgado 4,5 1 Island Resources Foundation, 2 Department of Geography & the Environment, the University of Texas-Austin, 3 Greg L. Morris Engineering COOP, 4 Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, 5 Caribbean Coral Reefs Institute, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, 1 US Virgin Islands 2 USA 3,4,5 Puerto Rico 1. Introduction 1.1 Project background Although evidence suggests that the onset of worldwide coral reef degradation dates back to centuries ago, it is unequivocal that human impacts are to some degree responsible for their current frail condition (Jackson, 1997, 2001; Pandolfi et al., 2003). Reefs of the Caribbean have not escaped this global trend as studies have noted an unprecedented increase in the spatial and temporal scale of coral reef turnover events, apparently rooted in the accelerating pace of regional-level ecological change (Aronson et al., 2002). Recent impacts appear to have changed coral community structure in ways not observed in the region over the last 220,000 years (Pandolfi and Jackson, 2006). The generalized decline in coral cover observed throughout the Caribbean has been associated with the heightened prevalence of both regional pressures (e.g., warmer sea surface temperatures, bleaching, and higher incidence of disease) and local stressors (e.g., non-point sources of pollution, fishing, etc.) (Rodríguez, 1981; Gardner et al., 2003, Hawkins and Roberts, 2004; Pandolfi et al., 2005; Miller et al., 2006, 2009). In addition, climate change projections suggest a more challenging future for Caribbean coral reef ecosystems (Hoegh-Guldberg, 1999; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007; Buddemeier et al., 2008, 2010; Hernández-Pacheco et al., 2011). Coral reefs in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (PR) are among the most highly threatened reefs of the entire Caribbean as a consequence of the combined effects of climate change, coral bleaching, increased incidence of disease, overfishing, and the delivery of inland www.intechopen.com

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