Instructional Strategies

Breanna BruceSamantha Harter

Zachary KrageElizabeth Peschges

Jessica Tollberg

StandardStandard Standard 4: Instructional Strategies

H. Use multiple teaching and learning strategies to engage students in active learning opportunities that promote the development of critical thinking, problem-solving, and performance capabilities and that help students assume responsibility for identifying and using learning resources.

Instructional Instructional Strategy: Final Strategy: Final

CountdownCountdown Purpose: To engage students in reflecting, evaluating,

and integrating their learning. 

Description: This activity emphasized the important role that reflection plays in the learning process. Final Countdown provides learners with a framework for reflection, evaluation, and integration of new knowledge into previously learned material.

ProcedureProcedure

1. Ask students to individually reflect over what they have learned about the topic being reviewed.

2. Using the Final Countdown worksheet, have students write the three most important things they learned about the topic.

3. On the second tier of the Final Countdown, have students write two questions they still have about the topic. These should be questions that they expect to get answers to and will get answers to.

4. Finally, on the top tier of the Final Countdown, have students write one way in which what they have learned relates or connects to material previously learned.

Relating to Content Relating to Content Area: Mini-lessonArea: Mini-lesson

Hearing- is a biological function

Listening- occurs only when we attach meaning to what we hear

Types of listening Discriminative- listening between the lines for meaning conveyed other than through the words

themselves

- Paying attention to verbal and nonverbal cues such as pitch, inflection, sighs, etc.

- Examples: sales pitch, political speeches Comprehensive- listening for understanding

- Examples: class lectures, a doctor giving a diagnosis Appreciative- listening for enjoyment through the works and experiences of others

- Examples: music, being outdoors Empathic- listening to support, help, and empathize with the speaker

- Examples: listening to friend, psychologists Critical- process of hearing, understanding, evaluating, and assigning worth to a message

- Research has shown that students who listen comprehensively without evaluating or reacting will forget most of the material shortly after completing the course

- Examples: listening in class

Complete the Final Countdown

worksheet with a partner

Positives Positives Received individual feedback

Reviews concepts

Encourages curiosity

Makes connections to existing knowledge

NegativesNegatives Does not necessarily increase retention

of concepts

May not be engaging for many students

May not elicit valuable responses from apathetic, unengaged students

May be difficult for students to complete if they do not understand the concepts

  

Effective?Effective?

Allows for time to answer any remaining questions

Students identify the most important aspects of the lesson

Allows for individual or collaborative learning

Community Based Community Based Learning Learning

School to work experience

Modeling from school to work

Real world learning experiences

Connections with families and community members

Collaboration and team building

Mentor and student relationships

Connect content in the classroom with real life scenarios

Types of Community Types of Community Based LearningBased Learning

1. “Pure” Community Based Learning

2. Discipline-Based Community-Based Learning

3. Problem-Based Learning Community-Based Learning

4. Capstone Courses

Examples of CBLExamples of CBL Service Learning

School to work programs

Experience based Education

Youth Apprenticeships

Big Brothers Big Sisters

Charities

Volunteer work

Positives of CBLPositives of CBL Critical Thinking Skills

Enthusiasm for learning

Better connections for students and communities

Student Mentor Relationships

Decreased drop out rates

Interpersonal skills

Good for a diverse group of learners

Can bring it into the classroom

Barriers and Negatives Barriers and Negatives of CBLof CBL

Lack of funding

Unwillingness to work through logistics and communicate

Lack of team building or commitment from both parties

Application of real world situations

Lack of transportation

National Issues ForumNational Issues Forum Locally sponsored non-partisan forums about public

policy issues

People must come together to reason and talk about common problems

Issues: Health care, immigration, social security, ethnic and racial tension

Lead by trained neutral moderators

Experiential Learning Experiential Learning Inductive, learner centered, and activity orientated

Emphasis: process of learning- not the product

Kinesthetic/Tactile Learners

Benefits students with disabilities and cognitive difficulties

Cycle of 5 phases:

- experiencing (an activity occurs)

- sharing or publishing (reactions and observations are shared)

- analyzing or processing ( patterns and dynamics are determined)

- inferring or generalizing (principles are derived)

- applying (plans are made to use learning in new situations)

Experiential Learning Experiential Learning Circle Circle

Application Application Learning to ride a bicycle:

Reflective observation - Thinking about riding and watching another person ride a bike.

Abstract conceptualization - Understanding the theory and having a clear grasp of the biking concept.

Concrete experience - Receiving practical tips and techniques from a biking expert.

Active experimentation - Leaping on the bike and have a go at it.

Applying the strategy to Applying the strategy to the curriculumthe curriculum

Learning algebra: Abstract conceptualization - Listening to

explanations on what it is. Concrete experience - Going step-by-step

through an equation. Active experimentation - Practicing. Reflective observation - Recording your

thoughts about algebraic equations in a learning log.

Methods of Methods of Experiential LearningExperiential Learning

Field Trips Focused Imaging

Narratives Storytelling

Conducting experiments Games

Simulations Field Observations

Role- playing Model Building

Synectics

Surveys

Field TripsField Trips A structured activity outside the classroom to

develop learning and expose students to the “real” setting of the information being learned

Making field trips effective:

be clear about what the field trip will accomplish

prepare students for the learning

have a debriefing session for students to share their learning when they return to the classroom

Adaptations: Virtual field trips

Experiential Learning Experiential Learning

Tell me, and I will forget. Show me, and I may remember. Involve me, and I will understand. - Confucius, 450 B.C.

Collaborative Learning

A teacher is one who makes himself progressively unnecessary

Thomas Carruthers

Collaborative LearningCollaborative Learning Collaborative learning is an educational

approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of learners working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product.

Collaborative learning is based on the idea that learning is a naturally social act in which the participants talk among themselves. It is through the talk that learning occurs.

Hints for Effective CLHints for Effective CL Before the group begins

Expect to learn, enjoy and discover Team up with people you don’t know

As the group begins Make good first impressions Build the team

While the group is learning Get silent members involved Vary the leadership style Don’t assume certain students can’t work together

Wrapping up the group Summarize and review learning Provide feedback to members on their participation Celebrate the groups accomplishments

Mock TrialMock Trial In this activity students reenact the

infamous Chicago 8 trial, in which eight organizers and activists were tried for the first time ever with “conspiracy to travel interstate with the intent to incite, organize, promote, encourage, participate in, and carry out a riot” following the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago

Mock TrialMock Trial

Students will be divided into four groups the Yippies the Mobe the Black Panthers and the Man.

Mock TrialMock Trial After the students learn about the era of the 1960s and

the ideals and evolution of free speech they will be split into groups and learn the positions and motives of the characters in their groups.

Once they have a good understanding of the proceedings and historical context they will participate in the trial procedures. I feel the joy of irreverence will keep the kids engaged throughout this activity.

What is Journal What is Journal Writing?Writing?

Journal writing is a learning tool based on the ideas that students write to learn.

Students use the journals to write about topics of personal interest, to note their observations, and to connect new information with things they already know.

While often used as a class startup activity, it is used primarily to give students an opportunity to speculate on paper, confident that their ideas, observations, and writing will be accepted without criticism.

Benefits of Journal Benefits of Journal Writing in the ClassroomWriting in the Classroom

Journal writing can help to promote memory, when you constantly remind yourself of what occurred during the day, you increase your attention to details.

Journal writing can improve a person's spelling and attention to the details of a sentence. As with any practice, the more you continue on it the better you will become. Even if you are terrible, if you practice enough you will eventually have far better handwriting and spelling.

Sort out experiences, solve problems and consider varying perspectives.

Journal writing can help give students who are quiet a voice in the classroom.

Summarize ideas, experience and opinions before and after instruction.

ActivityActivity Take out a piece of paper and a pencil. Reflect on the

following sentence: I would use journal writing in my classroom by:

A (example one) B (example two) C (example three)

ReferencesReferences(2004-2009). Experiential Learning. Instructional Strategies Online.

Retrieved (2009, October 23) from http://olc.spsd.sk.ca/DE/PD/Instr/experi.html

(2009, October 6). Introduction to community-based learning. Retrieved from http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Community-Based_Learning

(2004-2009). Instructional strategies online. Retrieved from http://olc.spsd.sk.ca/DE/PD/Instr/strats/journal/index.html

Hoss, D. (n.d.). The Benefits of journal writing. Retrieved from http://www.novalearn.com/writing-articles/The_Benefits_of_Journal_Writing.htm

Kelly, M. (1980). Journals in the classroom. Retrieved from http://712educators.about.com/cs/writingresources/a/journals.htm

ReferencesReferences

Kolb, D. (n.d.). Experiential Learning . Infed. Retrieved (2009, October 23) from http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~infed/images/explrn.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~infed/handouts/experiential_learning.htm&h=453&w=705&sz=11&tbnid=75xDs1MiGjPkPM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dexperiential%2Blearning&hl=en&usg=__ECnFkK8fvcHr5NRRBrfaMMEGe_I=&ei=F8_hSp2_OZOKNcKgsJEB&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=6&ct=image&ved=0CB0Q9QEwBQ

National Issues Forum, Initials. (n.d.). National issues forum. Retrieved from http://www.nifi.org/

Neill, J. (2004, December 11). Experiential Learning Cycles. Outdoor Education Research and Evaluation Center, Retrieved from http://wilderdom.com/experiential/elc/ExperientialLearningCycle.htm

Rogers, S., Ludington, J., and Graham, S. (2002). Final countdown. Retrieved from http://its.guilford.k12.nc.us/act/strategies/Final_countdown.htm