Institutional settings of a triple Institutional settings of a triple helix: Industry - R&D institution – helix: Industry - R&D institution –

University cooperation for effective University cooperation for effective technology transfer – technology transfer –

An Indian ExperienceAn Indian Experience

Subrata BanerjeeScientist ‘G’

Department of Scientific and Industrial Research

Government of India

• Transformation processes in university-industry-R&D relations in recent years

• Institutional spheres of university, industry, and R&D, in addition to performing their traditional functions, each is assuming the roles of the others

• Closer interaction among government, industry and academia, forming a triple helix, is playing an increasingly important role in S&T

• Triple Helix is mainly of a collaborative nature

Triple Helix : Cooperation for effective Tech. transferTriple Helix : Cooperation for effective Tech. transfer

• S&T Infrastructure • Science & Technology Policy involving setting up of

chain of R&D labs all over India• Major Scientific Agencies :

o DRDO – 50 laboratorieso DOS – 8 laboratorieso ICAR – 70 laboratorieso DAE – 15 laboratorieso CSIR – 39 laboratorieso DST – 20 Scientific Institutionso ICMR – 25 laboratories

• Industry• DSIR operates schemes recognizing R&D units of industry• 1205 recognized R&D units and over 500 recognized SIRO’s

as on March, 2006.

TRIPLE HELIX – INDIAN SCENARIOTRIPLE HELIX – INDIAN SCENARIO

• Sector-wise break up of Industry

• Sector-wise break up of SIRO’s

TRIPLE HELIX – INDIAN SCENARIOTRIPLE HELIX – INDIAN SCENARIO

Agricultural Sciences - 40

Medical Sciences - 190

Natural & Applied Sciences - 200

Social Sciences - 100

Universities/Colleges - 20

Chemical & Allied Industries - 500

Electrical & Electronic Industries - 280

Mechanical Engineering Industries - 185

Processing Industries - 150

Agro & Food Processing Industries & Others - 90

TRIPLE HELIX – INDIAN SCENARIOTRIPLE HELIX – INDIAN SCENARIO

• Academia – Strong Academia Base 250,000 S&T Personnel each year

310 university level institutions

7 Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)

6 Indian Institute of Management (IIM)

Prestigious Indian Institute of Science

15 National Institutes of Technology

15000 colleges for imparting specialized

education in different disciplines (AICTE)

Investment on R&D and Innovation in IndiaInvestment on R&D and Innovation in IndiaInvestment on R&D and Innovation in IndiaInvestment on R&D and Innovation in India

National Expenditure on R&D increased from Rs. 89,136.1 million in 1967 to Rs. 129,015.4 million in 1998-99

National Investment on R&D activities – Rs. 180,000 million in 2002-03 and Rs. 216,390 million in 2004-05

In 2002-03, 84.1% R&D expenditure incurred by 12 scientific agencies including CSIR, DRDO, DAE, DBT, DST, DOS, DOD, ICAR, ICMR, MICT, MNES

Total investment on R&D by industrial sector increased from Rs. 4,505.6 million in 1985-86 to Rs. 52,000 million in 2004-05

Technology Transfer – Overview and Initiatives in IndiaTechnology Transfer – Overview and Initiatives in IndiaTechnology Transfer – Overview and Initiatives in IndiaTechnology Transfer – Overview and Initiatives in India

• Technology Transfer – form of technology diffusion• Emphasizing contractual relationships• Assignment of the Knowledge content of technology• Dissemination of tacit and codified knowledge

• Technology Transfer through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)• Firms transfer technology through Joint Ventures with local

corporations• R&D institutions in both private and government sector have

developed new technologies which are tested and then available for transfers for commercialization

OVERVIEW

INITIATIVES

INITATIVES IN INDIAINITATIVES IN INDIAINITATIVES IN INDIAINITATIVES IN INDIA

Considerable importance to Science and Technology :

oThrust on S&T reinforced in the Technology Policy Statement (TPS) of Govt. of India announced in January, 1983

oThrust on S&T, R&D and innovations further reinforced through the S&T Policy, 2003

Initiatives taken by Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India :

To facilitate commercialization of R&D Output

Institution based Programmes and Support measures to plug existing gaps :

Fiscal Incentive and Support Measures for Industrial R&D and Innovation Centres

Technology Development and Demonstration Programme (TDDP)

INITATIVES IN INDIAINITATIVES IN INDIA

Drug Development Programme and

Pharmaceuticals Research and Development

Support Fund (PRDSF)

New Millennium India Technology Leadership

Initiative (NMITLI)

Small Business Innovation Research Initiative

(SBIRI)

Entrepreneurship Development Cell (EDC)

Science & Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP)

Technology Business Incubator (TBI)

Fiscal Incentives & Measures for Industrial R&D CentresFiscal Incentives & Measures for Industrial R&D CentresFiscal Incentives & Measures for Industrial R&D CentresFiscal Incentives & Measures for Industrial R&D Centres

• Government taking several measures towards promoting industrial research to establish workable linkages between national labs, educational institutions and industry

ACTION UNDERWAY-• Income Tax relief on R&D expenditure as per

Income-Tax Act• Weighted tax deduction U/s 35 (2AA) of IT Act 1961

for sponsored research programmes• Weighted tax deduction U/s 35 (2AB) of IT Act 1961

on in-house R&D expenditure in chemicals, drugs, pharmaceuticals etc

Fiscal Incentives & Measures for Industrial R&D CentresFiscal Incentives & Measures for Industrial R&D Centres

• Accelerated depreciation allowance under Rule 5(2) of IT Rules on new plant & machinery set up based on indigenous technology

• Customs duty exemption on goods imported by recognized in house R&D units in Govt. funded R&D projects

• Customs duty exemption as specified goods and pharmaceutical standards imported by R&D Units

• Excise waiver for 3 years on good designed and developed by wholly Indian owned company

• 10 years tax holiday to commercial R&D companies approved by the Prescribed Authority (Secretary, DSIR) after 31 March 2000 and before 1 April 2004

• Financial support for R&D Projects

Technology Development and Demonstration ProgrammesTechnology Development and Demonstration ProgrammesTechnology Development and Demonstration ProgrammesTechnology Development and Demonstration Programmes

• Catalyzing and supporting activities relating to technology absorption, adaptation and demonstration including capital goods development by involving industry and R&D organizations and academia

• Innovative technologies are up-scaled from the ‘proof of concept stage’ to ‘pilot/pre-commercial stage’ by the industrial R&D units

Promoting collaborative R&D in drugs and

pharmaceuticals sector involving industries and

institutions

‘Pharmaceuticals Research and Development

Support Fund’ (PRDSF) with an initial corpus of

Rs.1500 million (US $ 35 million) in January, 2004.

The fund will be used for supporting Pharma R&D

projects by extending soft loan @ 3% interest.

Drug Develop Prog. & Pharma. Research & Devp Support Drug Develop Prog. & Pharma. Research & Devp Support (PRDSF)(PRDSF)

• To enable Indian Industry to attain a global leadership position in a few selected niche areas by leveraging innovation-centric scientific and technological developments in different disciplines

• Financial support is provided as a grant to public institutions and as a loan with an interest rate of 3% to private sector companies

New Millennium India Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLINew Millennium India Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI

• To boost public-private partnership efforts in the country

• Support to high risk, pre-proof of concept research and late stage development in small and medium companies

• To support private industries and to get them involved in development of such products and processes which have high societal relevance

Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI)Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI)

• Creating entrepreneurial culture in S&T institutions to foster techno-entrepreneurship for generation of wealth and employment by S&T persons

• The EDCs are established in academic institutions having requisite expertise and infrastructure

Entrepreneurship Development CellEntrepreneurship Development Cell

• To create an atmosphere for innovation and entrepreneurship for active interaction between academics & industries, for sharing ideas, knowledge, experience and facilities for the development of new products and services and their rapid transfer to the end users

Science & Technology Entrepreneur’s ParkScience & Technology Entrepreneur’s Park

Technology and Business IncubatorsTechnology and Business Incubators

• To bolster economic development by stimulating growth of technology and knowledge based enterprises and generation of value added employment

• Helps in incubating knowledge based start-ups into sustainable businesses by providing specialized guidance, critical support services, innovative financing and networking support within a well equipped work space

• Key Issues in Triplex Helix Cooperation:• To increase the flow flexibility of university

researchers– To Modify the current personnel policies to improve

the flexibility– To design a suitable compensation system

• To establish an incentive system to encourage university-industry cooperation– To design a suitable promotional system to encourage

university researchers to conduct industry-oriented research

– The current recruiting system to be modified to allow industrial experts to become an academic faculty member

Levels of Triple Helix Cooperation & Key IssuesLevels of Triple Helix Cooperation & Key Issues

  

Proposed cooperation in Indian contextProposed cooperation in Indian context

Liaison Cells• Different ways by which universities and industries can help

each other are summarized below :• The universities can:

• Set up Liaison Cells that have adequate data bases on facilities and expertise available in universities, as well as the features of industries in the region

• Provide material characterization, testing and certification facilities

• Keep the industries informed about new developments• Provide consultancy services like the development of

computer software, conduct of surveys, and solving of problems

• Help industries to induct and maintain modern technology

• Provide training programmes for technicians, scientists and engineers

Proposed cooperation in Indian contextProposed cooperation in Indian context The industries can:

Support research programmes of applied nature

Make available sophisticated and costly instruments to universities for research

Provide financial assistance for the infrastructure development of the university

Participate in teaching programmesAssist in the development of courses useful

to industriesProvide facilities for on-job training to

studentsAssist teaching programmes by giving

endowments

• Measures :o Encourage university-technology

partnershipso Invest in Entrepreneurial Support

Organizationso Enable Private-Sector Investment in the new

Technologies and Technology based Companies

o Remove Legal Barriers to University – Industry Technology Transfer

o Monitor Programmes and Policies affecting Technology Transfer

MEASURES TO PROMOTE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERMEASURES TO PROMOTE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

CONCLUSION

• Academia, Public and Private research and development institutes, Industry and government are getting closely involved

• Industrial Development requires education, training and Technology Development and Transfer

• Industry, R&D institutions and University cooperation helps faster technology transfer and absorption

• In triple helix situation, industry, university and R&D institutions in performing their traditional functions, each assumes the role of the other.

THANKS